Edward II &IIIEdward II &III

100 years war100 years war

Edward II and Piers GavestonEdward II and Piers Gaveston

Edward II lost at Edward II lost at Bannockburn & Bannockburn & Robert the Bruce of Robert the Bruce of Scotland won Scotland won independence for independence for ScotlandScotland

Isabella and MortimerIsabella and Mortimer 1327 ex-king 1327 ex-king

murderedmurdered

Edward IIIEdward III A young kingA young king 1332 Scottish war (King 1332 Scottish war (King

David & John Baliol, son David & John Baliol, son of John)of John)

1337 King of France and 1337 King of France and 100 Years War100 Years War

116 years116 years Growth of Parliament (the Growth of Parliament (the

Commons and the Great Commons and the Great Council)Council)

Justices of PeaceJustices of Peace The Black DeathThe Black Death

The Black Death 1348-1350The Black Death 1348-1350 Flea-born diseaseFlea-born disease Rats travelling from the Far Rats travelling from the Far

EastEast Half of the population diedHalf of the population died Shortage of labourShortage of labour Enclosures for sheep (wool & Enclosures for sheep (wool &

cloth)cloth) Villeins who bought freedom Villeins who bought freedom

went to towns (better wages – went to towns (better wages – decline of some villages)decline of some villages)

Religious reforms (Wycliffe Religious reforms (Wycliffe and the Lollards)and the Lollards)

Cruel BattlesCruel Battles

English slaughter English slaughter French knights at the French knights at the Battle of Crecy 1346Battle of Crecy 1346

Feudal cavalry charge Feudal cavalry charge up the muddy hillup the muddy hill

The French The French massacred by the massacred by the English infantry and English infantry and archersarchers

100 Years War100 Years War Edward Duke of GasconyEdward Duke of Gascony 1340 King of France1340 King of France Windsor and the Order of the GarterWindsor and the Order of the Garter Financial problemsFinancial problems 1346 Crecy and Ponthieu with Philip VI1346 Crecy and Ponthieu with Philip VI 1346 David of Scots defeated1346 David of Scots defeated 1356 Harrying the Lothians (the Burned Candlemas)1356 Harrying the Lothians (the Burned Candlemas) Edward Prince of Wales (The Black Prince) at PoitiersEdward Prince of Wales (The Black Prince) at Poitiers 1360 Treaty of Bretigny (no claim for Acquitaine)1360 Treaty of Bretigny (no claim for Acquitaine) Charles V of France vs Edward and John of Gaunt Charles V of France vs Edward and John of Gaunt Losses in FranceLosses in France 12 children (7 sons and five daughters)12 children (7 sons and five daughters)

Edward the Black Prince 1330-Edward the Black Prince 1330-13761376

Knight and WarriorKnight and Warrior Joan „the fair maid of Joan „the fair maid of

Kent, daughter of Kent, daughter of Edmund of Edmund of Woodstock, son of Woodstock, son of Edward IEdward I

Richard II (son)Richard II (son)

Territorial GainsTerritorial Gains

1415 Azincourt won 1415 Azincourt won by Henry Vby Henry V

Burgundy allied with Burgundy allied with EnglandEngland

Treaty of Troyes 1420Treaty of Troyes 1420 English rule in English rule in

NFranceNFrance On Charles V death a On Charles V death a

dual kingdom dual kingdom

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc A peasant girl inspired by A peasant girl inspired by

„voices of angels” rouses „voices of angels” rouses French troops and relieves the French troops and relieves the siege of Orleanssiege of Orleans

Dauphin crowned at Rheims Dauphin crowned at Rheims 14291429

Captured by Burgundians, Captured by Burgundians, handed over to the English, handed over to the English, burnt as a witch at Rouenburnt as a witch at Rouen

Henry VI of England crowned Henry VI of England crowned King of FranceKing of France

French RevivalFrench Revival 1475 – end of war - Louis XI1475 – end of war - Louis XI

The AftermathThe Aftermath

1450 - French King Charles 1450 - French King Charles VII captures Cherbourg, VII captures Cherbourg, England’s last stronghold in England’s last stronghold in NormandyNormandy

All lost except CalaisAll lost except Calais

The War of the RosesThe War of the Roses