educational technology integrating educational technology into teaching

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Educational Technology Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

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Page 1: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Educational TechnologyEducational Technology

Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Page 2: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Chapter ObjectivesChapter ObjectivesDefinitions of educational technology Identifying the component parts of a

computer systemFunctions of a given systems deviceClassifying computer softwareDescribing the contributions of educational

technologistsClassifying educational technology

products

Page 3: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Technology in Education:Technology in Education:

Concepts and Definitions

Educational Technology has no agreed upon definition.

Page 4: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

“Technology is commonly thought of in terms of gadgets,

instrument, machines, and devices….most (educators) will

defer to technology as computers”

-- Muffoletto(1994)-p.5 Integrating Education -- Muffoletto(1994)-p.5 Integrating Education Technology into Teaching (IETIT) Technology into Teaching (IETIT)

Page 5: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

““Only about a decade ago, a history of technology in

education since 1920 placed the emphasis on radio and

television, with computers as an afterthought .”

--Cuban, 1986--Cuban, 1986 (IETIT) p.5

Page 6: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

However, Saettler (1990) urgesHowever, Saettler (1990) urges

“The historical function of “The historical function of educational technology is a educational technology is a

processprocess rather than a product.” rather than a product.”

Page 7: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Any useful definition of educational technology, therefore, must focus on the process of applying tools for educational purposes, and the materials used.

Page 8: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

In education, the combination of process and product merges instructional procedures with instructional tools.

Page 9: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Technology in Education as Technology in Education as Media and Audiovisual Media and Audiovisual

CommunicationsCommunications

Page 10: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Audiovisual movement: ways of delivering information that could be used as alternatives to lectures and books.

Audiovisual communications: the “branch of educational theory and practice concerned primarily with the design and use of messages which control the learning process.” (Saettler, IETIE,p6)

AECT- Association for Ed. Commo. and Technology.

Page 11: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Technology in Education as Technology in Education as Instructional SystemsInstructional Systems

Page 12: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

1960s and 1970s Human and non-human resources

( teachers and media).Systematic approach to designing,

developing, and delivering instruction matched to carefully identified needs.

International Society for Performance Improvement.

Validating and creating instruction.

Page 13: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Technology in Education as Technology in Education as Vocational Training ToolsVocational Training Tools

Page 14: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Technology in Education:

1. School learning prepares students for the world of work.

2. Vocational training can be a practical means of teaching.

ITEA (International Technology Education Association).

Page 15: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Technology in Education as Technology in Education as Computers and Computer-based Computers and Computer-based

SystemsSystems

Page 16: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Instructional and supportive applications of computers.

Computers began to be used in classrooms in 1960s until 1990

and was known as educational computing.

By the mid-1990s, educational computing became known

as educational technology.ISTE (International Society for

Technology in Education) holds the following views:

Page 17: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Approaches to Technology in Approaches to Technology in EducationEducation

Page 18: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

An emphasis on Computer An emphasis on Computer SystemsSystems

Computers as media are becoming more complex and more capable.

Computer systems are subsuming other forms of media.

The perceived complexity of computer-based systems has made it more difficult for educators to effectively integrate software and computer media into classrooms.

Page 19: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Background on Background on Computer-based Computer-based

Educational TechnologyEducational Technology

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What’s a Computer??What’s a Computer??

Hardware Providing the Electronic Capability

SoftwareCommunicating with the Hardware

Any electromechanical device that accepts input, processes input and produces output.

Page 21: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Software in a Computer SystemSoftware in a Computer System

Systems Software ( Types of Operating Systems)

Applications Software (used for Education, Entertainment, or Edutainment)

Page 22: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Systems Software (Types of Systems Software (Types of Operating Systems)Operating Systems)

Unix Ms-DOSApple Dos, ProDOSMacintosh DOS, System 7Windows 95

Page 23: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Applications Software for Applications Software for EducationEducation

Tool Software:1. Word Processing

2. Spreadsheets

3. Database Management

4. Integrated Packages

5. Graphics Software

6. Communications Software

7. Other Tools

Page 24: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Applications Software for Applications Software for Education( cont.)Education( cont.)

Programming Software:1. BASIC

2. Logo

3. FORTRAN

4. COBOL, SNOBOL

5. C

6. Pascal

7. PL/1

Page 25: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Applications Software for Applications Software for Education( cont.)Education( cont.)

Courseware:

1. Tutorial

2. Drill & Practice

3. Simulation

4. Instructional Games

5. Problem Solving

Page 26: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Hardware: Hardware: Providing the Providing the Electronic CapabilityElectronic Capability

1. Input functions: • Keyboard • Mouse • Joystick and game paddle • Bar-code reader • Scanner • Touch screen and light pen

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Hardware: Hardware: Providing the Providing the Electronic Capability (cont.)Electronic Capability (cont.)

2. Output Functions • Printers • Monitors

3. Input and Output Functions• Disk drives

Page 28: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

The CPU’s StepsThe CPU’s StepsStep 1.

The controller gets an instruction from the system’s internal memory and puts it in a register.

Step 2.

The controller directs the ALU to do necessary computations.

Step 3.

The controller gets the result from the register and stores it once again in internal memory.

Page 29: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

CPU Central Processing UnitCPU Central Processing Unit

ALU : stands for Arithmetic/Logic

UnitControl Unit: directs the activities of

the whole system.

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The Internal and External The Internal and External Memory and Communication Memory and Communication

FunctionsFunctionsThe internal memory functions:

A limited amount of space is arranged inside the computer for storage of instructions. For example: RAM and ROM.

The external memory functions:

External storage devices can store larger quantities of information. For Example: Hard Disks and CD-ROM.

Page 31: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

The Internal and External The Internal and External Memory and Communications Memory and Communications

FunctionsFunctions

The communications function is optional, but it is vital for communicating with other systems. For example: Modem and Fax.

Page 32: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Software: Software: Communicating with the Communicating with the HardwareHardware

Programming Languages:

Low-Level languages (Machine and Assembly).

High-Level languages (Java, Cobol, VC++ and Fortran ).

Page 33: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Types of Software

Systems Software Acts as a visible interface between

the machine and the user. Applications Software Programs written to do tasks, such

as word processing or drawing pictures.

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Software DesignSoftware Design

Step 1. Analyzing the problem

Step 2. Developing the algorithm

Step 3. Coding

Step 4. Testing

Step 5. Revising and Debugging

Page 35: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Types of Computer SystemsTypes of Computer Systems

Personal ComputersMini and Mainframe ComputersSupercomputers–Cost , the number of users that can be

supported, size, speed, and storage capacity distinguish between these.

Page 36: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

The Developments During the Period before Microcomputer

IBM 1500 system in universities andStanford University and the CCCControl Data Corporation (CDC) and

the PLATO SystemBrigham Young University and the

TICCIT SystemComputerized instructional

management systems

Page 37: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

The “Microcomputer Revolution” in Education

The Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) and the software publishing movement.

MicroSIFT, EPIE, and other courseware evaluation efforts.

Courseware authoring activities.

Page 38: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

The “Microcomputer Revolution” in Education

(cont.)

The Computer Literacy MovementLogo and Problem-SolvingThe emergence of integrated

learning systems.

Page 39: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

What Have We learned from the Past ?

Direct technology resources to specific problems and needs

Anticipate and plan for changeSeparate fad from fact

Page 40: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Current Types of Educational Current Types of Educational Technology SystemsTechnology Systems

Page 41: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Standalone Personal ComputersStandalone Personal Computers

Portable units (PDAs)WorkstationsLabs

Page 42: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Networked Stations: From LANs to MANs

“Networks are for sharing”(Kee 1994), and this sharing was designed to make computing activities more efficient and cost-effective.

A network centralizes resources and cuts down on handling of individual disks.

Page 43: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Types of LANs

Physical design

Page 44: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Types of LANs (Cont.)

Physical design

Page 45: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Types of LANs (Cont.)

Physical design

Page 46: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Types of LANs (Cont.)

Function (transmission method or protocol)

* Token ring method

* Ethernet method

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Three kinds of cable for Three kinds of cable for connecting LANsconnecting LANs

Coaxial cable: Designed to transfer signals with minimal interference.

Twisted pair cable: An inexpensive way of handling ARCnet, Ethernet, and token ring connections.

Fiber optic cable:Allow networks to send large amounts of information at high speeds.

Page 48: Educational Technology Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching

Current Applications of Current Applications of Educational Technology Educational Technology

SystemsSystems

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--Instructional software

--Interactive video-based materials

--Courses through distance learning– Productivity Tools:

--Prepare print instructional materials

--Keep records and analyze data

--Prepare and make instructional and informative presentations

--Organize time and materials

Instructional Technology Applications:

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– Tools for Students:-- Writing assignments

-- Helping with research

-- Assisting with learning tasks in various content areas

-- Developing products and presentations.

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-- The End ---- The End --