Educational Psychology:Theory and Practice

Chapter 12Learners with Exceptionalities

Scenario

“…our philosophy is that every child can learn, and it is our job to find out how to reach each one.” (p. 363)

Pleasantville

Learners With Exceptionalities

What’s in a Label?“…any individuals whose physical,

mental, or behavioral performance is so different from the norm--either higher or lower--that additional services are needed to meet the individuals’ needs.” (p. 365)

Learners With Exceptionalities

Students with Mental Retardation

– Intelligence Quotient– Adaptive Functioning– Classifications

True or False

Individuals who have an IQ _______________________________________________________.

Learners With Exceptionalities:Classifications of Mental Retardation

Mild 50-75

Moderate 35-55

Severe 20-40

Profound Below 25

Educable 55-70

Trainable 40-55

Custodial Below 50

Distribution of Intelligence Scores34.13% 34.13%

13.59% 13.59%

2.14% 2.14%0.13% 0.13%

40 55 70 85 100 115 130 145 160

Percentageof Population

IQ

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 SD

True or False

The sharp increase in cases of learning disabilities _______________________________________________________.

Learners With Exceptionalities

Students with Learning Disabilities– Definition varies widely

Diagnostics have improved in some areas Definition has become more broad

– Characteristics Unexpected problems in specific academic

areas Motor involvement Not due to mental retardation

True or False

Children who are diagnosed as hyperactive _______________________________________________________.

True or False

Students with attention deficit hyperactive disorder ___________________________________________________________________________________.

Learners With Exceptionalities

Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

– Characteristics– Treatment– Treatment outcomes– Possible causes

True or False

Behaviors such as frequent throat clearing, inappropriate touching, and sarcastic comments in class _______________________________________________________.

Learners With Exceptionalities

Tourette’s Syndrome– Characteristics– Treatment– Complicating factors

True or False

The most common _______________________________________________________.

Learners With Exceptionalities

Students with Communication Disorders– Speech Disorders

Articulation Stuttering Cluttering

– Language Disorders Expressive Language Disorders Receptive Language Disorders

Learners With Exceptionalities

Students with Sensory, Physical, and Health Impairments– Vision Loss– Hearing Loss– Cerebral Palsy– Seizure Disorders

True or False

Most individuals who are legally blind _______________________________________________________.

True or False

Cerebral Palsy is _______________________________________________________.

True or False

If a child with a history of seizures appears to show a loss of consciousness accompanied by shaking, jerking motions _______________________________________________________.

True or False

Under the law, children with disabilities _______________________________________________________.

Special Education: Legislation Time-Line

1975Public Law 94-142 1986Public Law 99-457 1990IDEA 1997IDEA 97 2003IDEA H.R. 1350???

Least Restrictive Environment

SeparateSchool

Separate Class

General Education Class

Resource Room

True or False

Mainstreaming appears to be _______________________________________________________.