Education Unplugged: Mobile Learning Comes of Age

Hysteria, History, and Histrionics

HysteriaHysteria

What is Mobile Learning?• … the intersection of mobile computing

and e-learning: accessible resources wherever you are, strong search capabilities, rich interaction, powerful support for effective learning, and performance-based assessment. eLearning independent of location in time or space. - Clark Quinn, 2000

• A new m-learning architecture will support creation, brokerage, delivery and tracking of learning and information contents, using ambient intelligence, location-dependence, personalization, multimedia, instant messaging (text, video) and distributed databases. Field trials cover “blended learning” (as part of formal courses); “adventitious, location-dependent learning” (during visits to museums); and “learning to interpret information sources and advice” (acquiring medical information for everyday needs). The high connectivity and functionality may lead to new group behaviors, akin to the SMS phenomenon.

(UK) (FI) (IT) (DE) (CH) (US) (AU) (ES) (GR) (IL)

What Have We Been Smoking?

• Predictions of the effects of technology are notoriously– Too ambitious in the short term– Too modest in the long term, and – Usually miss the real point.

• E-learning is still tied to traditional instructional models (that have little to do with mobility)

• Fundamental issues need to be resolved:– Ownership & Distribution Channels– Technology & Standards

HistoryHistory

History

1989 NCTM Standards:• Scientific calculators with

graphing capabilities will be available to all students at all times.

• A computer will be available at all times in every classroom for demonstration purposes, and all students will have access to computers for individual and group work.

CASIO – FIRST GRAPHING CALCULATOR, 1985

Photo by Mark Bollman

History

2000 NCTM Principles and Standards for School Mathematics:

• Technology is essential in teaching and learning mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and enhances students' learning.

• When technological tools are available, students can focus on decision making, reflection, reasoning, and problem solving.

Photo by Mark Bollman

GRAPHING CALCULTOR FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL - 1995

YET …Maybe it’s not about technology

CALCULTORS DO SYMBOLIC ALGEBRA(Mid – 1990’s)

Emerging research architectures

Feature M-learning C-learning

Paradigm Lecture, seminar Hands-on projects, collaborative groups

Use of medium

Media designed to deliver information

Tools designed to support inquiry  

Student input

Writing free-form text Constructing graphs, animations, questions

Communication

Mostly online discussion with little support from shared non-textual referents

Face-to-face discussion supported by shared attention to data, drawings, graphs, and text

Tatar, D., Roschelle, J., Vahey, P., Penuel, W. (2003). Handhelds Go to School: Lessons Learned. Computer 36 (9). IEEE Computer Society.

Photo by Mark Bollman

ACCESSIBLE• UBIQUITOUS

– 87% of public school classrooms had Internet access in 2001

– BUT: 4 – 5 students per connected computer• AFFORDABLE

– $500?– $200?– $100?– $50?

• PORTABLE

A COMPUTER ON EVERY DESKTOP

A COMPUTER IN EVERY BACKPACK

TI Navigator

AND ONLINE …

But Why Can’t We All Just Get Along?

• TDMA

• CDMA

• GSM

• GPRS

• iMODE

• UMTS

MPEG LA Announces OMA DRM Patent License Terms

DENVER - MPEG LA announced today that an initial group of essential patent holders including ContentGuard Holdings, Inc., Intertrust Technologies Corp., Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. and Sony Corporation have reached tentative agreement on the terms of a joint patent portfolio license to be offered by MPEG LA for use of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) DRM 1.0 specification. The companies were convened in response to MPEG LA's call for essential patents ( http://www.mpegla.com/news/n_04-07-20_drm.pdf ). The proposed OMA DRM Patent Portfolio License is expected to cover products that use the OMA DRM 1.0 specification, as well as those which use both OMA DRM 1.0 and 2.0.

Under the proposed License, royalty rates for patents essential to OMA DRM 1.0 in connection with products that have OMA DRM 1.0 functionality or OMA DRM 1.0 and OMA DRM 2.0 functionality would be (a) US$1.00 per device (payable by the party that offers the device to an end user) and (b) 1% of any transaction in which an end user pays for delivery of a digital asset employing OMA 1.0 (payable by the service provider). OMA DRM 2.0 essential patents may be added as a result of a pending call issued by MPEG LA on 23 September 2004 ( http://www.mpegla.com/news/n_04-09-23_drm.pdf ).

HISTRIONICS

(Convergence).

Mobile Phones WiFi

Cal

cula

tors

The W

eb

Information

Communication

Access

Pedagogy

Flash

Multimedia

WAP /

WML

Content

Digital Libraries

GroupWare

Collaboration

Validation