R E P O R T O U T L I N EI. Introduction and review of vocabulary.

II. Renaissance Period

III. Reformation Period

IV. Summary and References

I. Introduction and Review of vocabulary

What is literacy?

Literacy… it refers to the ability to READ for

knowledge, to WRITE coherently, and to THINK critically about the written word.

it represents the lifelong and intellectual process of gaining meaning and inferring critical interpretation of the written or printed text.

is defined as the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.

Literacy…

involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, and to realize their potentials, and to participate actively and meaningfully in their community and the wider society.

Literacy…

What is skills?

Skills… Is the ability and the capacity

acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained efforts to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or job functions involving ideas (COGNITIVE SKILLS), things (TECHNICAL SKILLS), and/or people (INTERPERSONAL SKILLS).

II. Renaissance Period

Renaissance Period… refers to the period in European

history that began in Italy during the 14th century and spread around Europe through the 17th century.

Notably, in this period of history, the printing press, an invention of Johannes Guttenberg came to existence in 1440.

Renaissance Period… With advent of the printing press,

the production of written materials was fast and convenient and it paves way to what we know as “mass production” of written materials

As an effect, the Church authorities (Catholic Church) gained an access to reproduce their written materials.

Renaissance Period… And later became the tool of those

who are not in favor of the Catholic Church teachings, the rise of the Protestantism.

What is the situation therein?

Renaissance Period… People in those days learn new

things by reading manuscripts which were vigorously written long before the advent of printing press .

Aside from reading the manuscripts, trainings under the supervision of a “master” of a certain discipline was held. Creating a master-apprentice relationship and learning environment.

Renaissance Period… But in this era, free thinkers and

philosophers became popular that whenever they try to say things, almost everyone believes, therefore, learning took place as people listen and read the free thinkers opinion or teachings.

Renaissance Period… Therefore, Humanism begins. Humanism is a philosophy and way

of learning by combining the methods of searching old texts and empiricism.

Empiricism is the method of deducing a given situation by asking questions: What? When? Where? and How?

Renaissance Period… And these teachings focus on the

following themes like politics, way of living, and also education itself.

Some of the notable free thinkers/philosophers that time are: Sir Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, John Milton and others…

Want to know them?

Born: January 22, 1561 Died: April 09, 1626 He was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and author.

He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England.

Bacon has been called the creator of empiricism.

Sir Francis Bacon

He was also educated at the University of Poitiers.

His works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method.

Bacon was knighted in 1603, and created both the Baron Verulam in 1618 and the Viscount St. Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs, both peerages became extinct upon his death. He famously died by contracting pneumonia while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat.

Baptised on February 26, 1564 Died on May 30, 1593 an English dramatist, poet and translator of

the Elizabethan era. He greatly influenced William Shakespeare,

who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe's mysterious early death.

Marlowe's plays are known for the use of blank verse, and their overreaching protagonists.

Christopher Marlowe

Baptised on April 26, 1564 Died on April 23, 1616 an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist

is often called England's national poet and the Bard of Avon

William Shakespeare

Born on December 09, 1608 Died on November 08, 1674 English poet, polemicist, a scholarly man

of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell

Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day

John Milton

II. Reformation Period

Reformation Period… This is refer to period of

deliberating the people’s way of thinking by questioning the Catholic Church teachings through the teachings of Humanism. Notably, this period continues from Renaissance Period.

As a result, Protestantism rise from the scene.

Reformation Period… As man tries to question his faith to

God, here comes another way of learning, reasoning…

Reasoning refers to the process of presenting proofs to support a claim, to react on an argument or deny a statement.

Reformation Period… Reasoning also became widespread

through the help of the printing press.

One of the notable person of the this era/period was Martin Luther.

Want to know him?

Born in Germany in 1483 Son of a wealthy copper

miner who wanted him to study law.

But he became an Augustinian monk.

He saw himself as a sinner so he studied the Bible in depth to find a way for sinners to go to heaven.

Martin luther: the man who protested

In 1510 he visited Rome and was shocked by the luxurious lifestyles of many of the clergy there.

Reading the Bible he found the following line in St. Paul’s letter to the Romans: “the just man shall live by his faith”.

Justification by faith alone: God would save him so long as he had faith. Good works were not needed; he just had to believe in Jesus Christ.

Forgiveness of sins is not something which we earn for ourselves by our own good deeds. Rather, it is a free gift, which God gives to us as a result of all that Jesus did for us as our Saviour. Salvation, therefore, is completely and only by faith in Jesus Christ

SUMMARY

Summary… As early as 1400, people tries to question his

surrounding, and in this manner, learning took place.

With the invention of the printing press, to spread one’s idea through written materials was made easy.

People use reasoning to seek more knowledge on his beliefs. This encompasses other fields like politics, religion and simply, the way of living

REFERRENCES:

Bruner, Jerome. The Process of Education. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1960.

Ornstein, Allan C. Strategies of Effective Teaching. USA: Harper Collins Publishers. 1990

Tulio, Doris D. Foundations of Education I. National Bookstore Publishing. 2000