education and change: the linguistic and cultural practices of teenagers in catalonia
DESCRIPTION
Education and change: the linguistic and cultural practices of teenagers in Catalonia. Vanessa Bretxa CUSC - University Center of Sociolinguistics and Communication University of Barcelona. RESOL: A longitudinal project (2006-2015). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Education and change: the linguistic and cultural practices of teenagers in Catalonia
Vanessa BretxaCUSC- University Center of Sociolinguistics and CommunicationUniversity of Barcelona
RESOL: A longitudinal project (2006-2015)• RESOL- Resocialization and languages : the linguistic
effects from primary to secondary education in multilingual contexts.
• Funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
• Research team: F.Xavier Vila (UB) (PI), Llorenç Comajoan (UVic), Joan Melià (UIB), Vanessa Bretxa (UB), Natxo Sorolla (UB) and Cristina Illamola(UB).
• Main goal: To study the transition from primary to secondary education and its impact in sociolinguistic practices.
Starting point of the project• The assessment (success or failure) of bilingual education
in Catalonia is a complex matter.• Knowledge of Catalan among young people and teenagers
has increased significantly compared with previous generations (Torres et al. 2005, EULP, 2008).
• Knowledge of Catalan by youth has not necessarily had a consequence in their use of Catalan (Galindo and Vila 2009).
• Some authors have attempted to explain part of this process by examining the transition from childhood to youth (Vila 2010; Pujolar et al. 2010).
• Question: Is there a change in the use of Catalan between primary and secondary education?
The complexity of language practice (Vila 2004, 2010)
• Language competence refers to the individual’s ability to use one language
• Language use refers to how individuals put their linguistic competence into practice in interaction with other individuals
• Linguistic representations (or ideology) are related to attitudes, values, and ideas that speakers have about language
• Linguistic system refers to the purely linguistic items that make up a language and that are the object of study of formal linguistics
System (Corpus)
Use (Practice)
Representacions Competence (Ideologies) (Acquisition)
Dimensions of study and data instruments
Language use• Family Language
(L1, parents, siblings).
• Language of Cultural Consumption (TV, music, books, Internet)
• Language of social network
• Language of School
Language competence(declared and observed)• Catalan• Spanish
Linguistic ideologiesBeliefs and identifications• Linguistic self
confidence• Attitudes
towards Catalan and Spanish
• Ethnicity
Technique: Sociolinguistic questionnaire
Technique: Video-recorded linguistic competence assessment
Technique: Focus groups and Sociolinguistic questionnaire
The RESOL project (2006-2015)• Focus on longitudinal data: Same sample and
instrument▫ 6P (age 12): Last year of primary education
(2007)▫ 1S (age 13): First year of secondary education
(2008)▫ 4S (age 16): Last year of secondary education (2011)▫ 2B(age 18): Last year of post-secondary (2013)
• Number of participants: 1194 (6th-1st – 4th)
• Catalan-speaking areas under study: ▫ Catalonia (Manlleu, Mataró, Sant Joan Despí, Sant
Just Desvern, Balaguer)▫ Aragon (La Franja)▫ Mallorca (Palma, Inca)
Case study: Mataró (6P to 1S)- City in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.
- 8th largest city in Catalonia
- Population: 119.858 hab. (2008)
- 15,6% immigrants (2008)
- 35 schoolsN: 888Sex: 49,1% boys and 50,9% girlsOrigin : 86,6% born in Catalonia and 13,6% born abroad.
First Language (L1)“What language did you first speak at home when you were a
child?”
Primary (6P) Secondary (1S) Catalonia
31.9 31.8 31.7
18.5 17.23.8
40.2 41.955
9.4 9.2 9.3
Catalan Catalan & SpanishSpanish Other Language
Source: EULP 2008Source: RESOL 2007- 2008
Proficiency in Catalan and Spanish (6P)
Understanding Speaking Reading Writing
9.3 9.0 9.08.4
9.5 9.3 9.38.8
Catalan Sapanish
Source: RESOL 2007
Language inside the classroom (6P)
Students > Teachers Teachers >Students
68.4 75.6
28.722.7
2.7 1.8Catalan Catalan & Spanish Spanish
Differences in language inside the classroom 6P to 1S
Students > Teachers Teachers >Students
-8.9 -9.2
7.38.9
1.50.2
Catalan Catalan & Spanish Spanish
Linguistic cultural consumption (6P)
TV Books Music Internet
25
48.2
1.417.9
71.740.1
45.2
59.2
2.55.2
50.1
11.6
0 6.5 3.2 11.3
Catalan Spanish English Non-users
Differences between cultural consumption 6P to 1S
TV Books Music Internet
-12.1 -12.7
-0.1 -1.9
15
7.7
-14.6
12.9
-0.1-2.5
13.9
3.20.3
-6.3
0
6.2
Catalan Spanish English Users
Language with friends (6P and SP)
Primary (6P) Secondary (1S)
33.6 32
17.9 15.2
46.5 50.8
2 2
Catalan Catalan &SpanishSpanish Other languages
Differences in language with friends (from 6P to 1S)
Catalan Catalan & Spanish Spanish Other languages
-1.6
-2.7
4.3
0
Conclusions• Is there a change in the use of Catalan between primary
and secondary education?• There are many changes and in different areas • In general there is a decline of Catalan• There are no changes in Spanish and Catalan proficiency• Language inside the classroom:
▫ Catalan is still prevalent in class▫ Increased use of both languages by teachers and students
• Cultural consumption:▫ Decrease of reading books and increased Internet use▫ Decrease in the consumption of TV and books in Catalan▫ Increased in the consumption of TV, Internet and books in
Spanish▫ Increased in the consumption of music in English
• There are more differences between structural uses (mass media and school) than in interpersonal private uses.
Diolch Thank you
Moltes gràcies!
<http://www.ub.edu/cusc>
<http://www.ub.edu/cusc/sleducativa/>
Bibliografia• Bretxa i Riera, Vanessa i F. Xavier Vila i Moreno (2012) «Els canvis sociolingüístics
en el pas primària a secundària: el projecte RESOL a Mataró.» Treballs de Sociolingüística Catalana 22.
• Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier (ed.). (2012). Posar-hi la base. Usos i aprenentatges lingüístics en el domini català. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier. 2011. «La recerca sociolingüística educativa escolar als països de llengua catalana: elements per a un balanç.» Treballs de Sociolingüística Catalana 21.
• Galindo, Mireia i Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier (2009) «Els factors explicatius dels usos lingüístics informals entre l’alumnat català: llengua inicial, xarxes socials, competència i llengua vehicular d’ensenyament». Noves SL. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, invierno del 2009.
• Comajoan, Llorenç (2009). «Language revitalization in a globalized world: lessons learned from Catalan». A: Transferences. The expression of extra-linguistic processes in the world’s languages. Vic: Eumo Editorial, 269-299.
• Bretxa, Vanessa, Llorenç Comajoan, i Natxo Sorolla (2009) «De les pràctiques monolingües familiars a la identificació bilingüe: el cas dels preadolescents de Mataró i la Franja. » Noves SL hivern. http://www6.gencat.cat/llengcat/noves/hm09hivern/bretxa_comajoan_sorolla1_9.htm
• Bretxa i Riera, Vanessa (2009) «El salt a secundària: els adolescents, consum cultural i llengua.» Zeitschrift für Katalanistik / Revista d’Estudis Catalans 22:171-202. http://www.romanistik.uni-freiburg.de/pusch/zfk/22/11_Bretxa.pdf
Summary• Data about Catalonia
▫Language use L1 habital langauge intergeneracional transmision
▫Linguistic competence• The project: RESOL
▫PANEL data ▫Language use:
home school friends cultural consumption
L1, habitual language and Intergenerational transmission (Catalonia)
31.7 35.6 41.73.8 12 8.555 45.9 42.39.3 6.5 6.8
Catalan Catalan & SpanishSpanish Others languages
Source: EULP 2008
Language competence (Catalonia)
Understand Speaking Reading Writing
94.6
78.3 81.7
61.8
99.9 99.7 97.4 95.6
3226.4 27.9
24.1
CatalanSpanishEnglish
Source: EULP 2008 (Catalonia)
Language media consumption in Catalonia (2011)
TVRad
io
Inter
net
Newsp
aper
sBoo
ksM
usic
Thea
ter
Cinema
0102030405060708090
100
CatalanSapnishEnglish
Source: Fundacc, 2011
Evolution of the position of Catalan in the mass media in Catalonia (2008-2011)
2008 2009 2010 20110
102030405060708090
100
47.6 48.3 48.955.2
27 26.7 29.4 33.125.3 28.6 31.1 33
11.7 12.8 12 15.9
TV Radio Internet Newspapers
Source: Fundacc, 2011
Evolution of the position of Catalan in the cultural consumption in Catalonia (2008-2011)
2008 2009 2010 20110
102030405060708090
100
4.3 3.8 4.5 7.9
46.7 46.7 47.552.3
5.7 5.8 9.1 11.5
23.1 24.4 25.5 26.7
Cinema Theater Music Books
Source: Fundacc, 2011
Some facts about Catalan in the mass media• Catalan language is in a minority position in the Catalan
media landscape• However, in the last 5 years there is a slow but clear
trend towards an increase of relative position of Catalan as opposed to Spanish
• Radio broadcasting is the area where Catalan language exhibits better figures, and has caught up with Spanish in terms of demand/consumption
• Use of Catalan in cinema displays the lowest figures, despite some improvement in the last years.