edp-14_fractures dislocations sprains and strains_jm

8/13/2019 EDP-14_Fractures Dislocations Sprains and Strains_JM

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Fractures,

Dislocations, Sprains,and Strains

PowerPoint Adapted from CERT Training Materials:http://www.citizencorps.gov/cert/training_downloads.shtm
http://www.citizencorps.gov/cert/training_downloads.shtmhttp://www.citizencorps.gov/cert/training_downloads.shtm


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Treating Fractures, Dislocations,

Sprains, and Strains Objective: Immobilize the injury and joints

above and below the injury.

If questionable, treat as a fracture.


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Closed Fractures

A closedfracture is abroken bone

with noassociatedwound. First aid

treatment forclosed fracturesmay requireonly splinting.


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Open Fracture Is a broken bone with

some kind of wound thatallows contaminants toenter into or around the

fracture site. Are more dangerous

because of the risk ofsevere bleeding andinfection. Therefore, theyare a higher priority andneed to be checked morefrequently.


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Treating an Open Fracture

Do not draw exposed bones back into

tissue.

Do not irrigate wound.


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Treating an Open Fracture

DO:

Cover wound.

Splint fracture without disturbing wound.

Place a moist 4" x 4" dressing over bone

end to prevent drying.


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Dislocation

is an injury to the ligaments around a joint

that is so severe that it permits a

separation of the bone from its normalposition in a joint.

similar to those of a fracture, and that a

suspected dislocation should be treatedlike a fracture.


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Treatment Dislocation

Do not try to relocate a suspected

dislocation. They should immobilize the

joint until professional medical help isavailable.


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Sprains

Involves a stretching or tearing ofligaments at a joint and is usually caused

by stretching or extending the joint beyondits normal limits.

Is considered a partial dislocation,although the bone either remains in placeor is able to fall back into place after theinjury.


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Signs of Sprain

Tenderness at injury site.

Swelling and/or bruising.

Restricted use or loss of use.

signs of a sprain are similar to those of a

non-displaced fracture.


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Treatment Sprains

Therefore, they should nottry to treat the

injury other than by immobilization andelevation.


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Strains

Involves a stretching and/or tearing of muscles

or tendons. Strains most often involve the

muscles in the neck, back, thigh, or calf. May be difficult to distinguish from sprains or

fractures.

When uncertain whether an injury is a strain,

sprain, or fracture, treat the injury as if it is a

fracture.


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Splinting

Splinting is the most common procedure forimmobilizing an injury.

Cardboard is the material typically used formakeshift splints but a variety of materialscan be used.

Cardboard are turned up to form a mold

in which the injured limb can rest.


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Possible items for Splinting

Soft materials. Towels, blankets, or

pillows, tied with bandaging materials or

soft cloths. Rigid materials. A board, metal strip,

folded magazine or newspaper, or other

rigid item.


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Soft Splints Splinting Using a Towel

Splinting using a towel, in which thetowel is rolled up and wrapped aroundthe limb, then tied in place.

Pillow splint

Pillow splint, in which the pillow

is wrapped around the limb and

tied.


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Blanket as a Soft Splint

Splinting using a

blanket in which

the victims legsare immobilized by

tying blankets at

intervals from mid-

thigh to feet.


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Anatomical Splints

Created by securing a fractured bone to

an adjacent unfractured bone.

Anatomical splints are usually reserved forfingers and toes but, in an emergency,

legs may also be splinted together.


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Guidelines for Splinting

1. Support the injured area.

2. Splint injury in the position that

you find it.3. Dont try to realign bones.

4. Check for color, warmth, and

sensation.

5. Immobilize above and below

the injury.

edp-14_fractures dislocations sprains and strains_jm

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