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1.31.31.31.31.3 {df` {ddoMZ :{df` {ddoMZ :{df` {ddoMZ :{df` {ddoMZ :{df` {ddoMZ :

1.3.11.3.11.3.11.3.11.3.1 nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n :nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n :nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n :nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n :nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n :

OZgodm H$m geŠV _mÜ`_ nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ& Bggo _mZd OrdZ H$s {d{dYVmE± VWm {ZË` K{Q>V hmoZodmbr KQ>ZmE± erK«m{VerK« {díd^a _| nhþ±MVr h¢Ÿ& {díd Ho$ g_mMmam| Am¡a KQ>ZmAm| H$mo g§H${bV H$aZm, CZH$m{ddoMZ H$aZm, I~am| H$m {ddaU BH$Q>²>R>m H$aZm, CÝh| nÌ n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZm nÌH$m[aVmH$m CX²Xoí` ahm h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$s epŠV go g_mO H$s H${_`m|, Jb{V`m| Am¡a Hw$ar{V`m| H$mo Xya H$aZo H$m à`mg{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {dMmam| H$mo OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m gmYZ nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ& Xw{Z`m Ho$ g^r {df` nÌH$m[aVm H$sn[a{Y _| AmVo h¢Ÿ& nhbo nhbo nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX²Xoí` gaH$mar VÏ`m| H$s OmZH$mar OZVm H$mo XoH$a CZH$s à{V{H«$`mOmZZm WmŸ& {\$a nÌH$m[aVm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo na CgHo$ {df` {dñV¥V ~Zo h¢Ÿ& nÌH$ma AI~ma H$s ghm`Vm go {dídHo$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| _| hmoZo dmbr KQ>ZmAm| H$s OmZH$mar OZVm H$mo XoVm h¡Ÿ& dh bmoJm| H$mo Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$,gm§ñH¥${VH$, gm{hpË`H$, amOZ¡{VH$, J{V{d{Y`m| H$m n[aM` XoH$a bmoH$ OmJ¥{V H$aVm h¡Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm nmR>H$m|H$mo {ejm XoZo Ho$ gmW _Zmoa§OZ H$m H$m_ ^r H$a ahr h¡Ÿ&

gyMZm Ho$ joÌ _| qàQ> _r{S>`m H$m dM©ñd ahm h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm {dkmZ H$s XoZ h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m àW_ñdê$n AI~ma h¡Ÿ& AmO Ho$ d¡km{ZH$ wJ _| gyMZm, B©-_ob Am{X H$m {dH$mg hmo OmZo go nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ñdê$n _|{dH$mg Am¡a {dñVma hþAm h¡Ÿ& nhbo g_mMma Mmo~rg K§Q>m| _| OZVm VH$ nhþ±MVm WmŸ& AmO ao{S>`mo go Hw$N> hr jUm|_| g_mMma lmoVm VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡Ÿ& B©-_ob go Xw{Z`m H$s I~a {_ZQ>m| _| {_bVr h¡Ÿ& I~am| Ho$ gmW Ñí`m| H$mo ^rXe©H$ XoIVm h¡Ÿ&

g§JUH$ Ho$ {dH$mg go nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n {dH${gV hþAm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma g§H$bZ, boIZ, g§nmXZ Am{XH$m © ghO ~Z aho h¢, {OZgo AI~ma H$m àH$meZ g_` na hmoZo _| ghm`Vm {_b ahr h¡Ÿ& gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVmHo$ joÌ _| ^r AmO H$m\$s {dñVma hþAm h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m Ho$ {dH$mg go nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ñdê$n _| {dñVma hþAmh¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo, XyaXe©Z Am¡a g§JUH$ Am{X go gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ñdê$n _| H$m\$s n[adV©Z Am`m h¡Ÿ& g_mMma,gm{hpË`H$ n[aMMm©, JmopîR>>`m±, Xoe-{dXoe H$s gm{hpË`H$ J{V{d{Y`m±, Iob-Hy$X, wX²Ym| Ho$ g_mMma AmO h_Ho$db gwZVo hr Zht, ~pëH$ Am±Im| go XoI ^r aho h¢Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm g_mO H$s {X½X{e©H$m Am¡a {Z`m{_H$m ~Zr h¡Ÿ&

A{^ì`pŠV H$m geŠV _mÜ`_ nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ& dh EH$ _Zmoa_ H$bm h¡, {OgHo$ _mÜ`_ go OZVm Ho$gm_Zo bmoH$H$ë`mU Ho$ H$m`m] H$s gyMr àñVwV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& ^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm nhbo {_eZ Ho$ ê$n _| WrŸ& AmO Cg_|ì`mdgm{`H$Vm AmB© h¡Ÿ& AmO eãX, Üd{Z Am¡a {MÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go kmZ Am¡a {dMma g_rjmË_H$ {Q>ßn{U`m| Ho$ gmWnÌH$m[aVm go OZH$ë`mU hoVw OZVm VH$ nhþ±M aho h¢Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm g_mO H$mo OmJ¥V H$a ahr h¡Ÿ&


(3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

1.3.1.11.3.1.11.3.1.11.3.1.11.3.1.1nÌH$m[aVm H$s n[a^mfmnÌH$m[aVm H$s n[a^mfmnÌH$m[aVm H$s n[a^mfmnÌH$m[aVm H$s n[a^mfmnÌH$m[aVm H$s n[a^mfm :- nÌH$m[aVm H$m joÌ {dñV¥V Am¡a ì`mnH$ h¡Ÿ& Cgo n[a^mfm H$s gr_m _|~m±YZm H${R>Z H$_© h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ {dX²dmZm| Zo nÌH$m[aVm H$mo n[a^mfm _| ~X²Y H$aZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.1.1 Ý y do~ñQ>g© {S>ŠeZar1.3.1.1.1 Ý y do~ñQ>g© {S>ŠeZar1.3.1.1.1 Ý y do~ñQ>g© {S>ŠeZar1.3.1.1.1 Ý y do~ñQ>g© {S>ŠeZar1.3.1.1.1 Ý y do~ñQ>g© {S>ŠeZar :- ""àH$meZ, g§nmXZ, boIZ Ed§ àgmaU wŠV g_mMma _mÜ`_ H$m ì`dgm`nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ&''

1.3.1.1.2 gr. Or. _yba 1.3.1.1.2 gr. Or. _yba 1.3.1.1.2 gr. Or. _yba 1.3.1.1.2 gr. Or. _yba 1.3.1.1.2 gr. Or. _yba :- ""nÌH$m[aVm gm_y{hH$ kmZ H$m ì`dgm` h¡Ÿ& Bg_| VÏ`m| H$s àmpßV, CZH$m_yë`m§H$Z Ed§ R>rH$-R>rH$ àñVwVrH$aU hmoVm h¡Ÿ&''

1.3.1.1.3 nÌH$m[aVm g§X © H$moe1.3.1.1.3 nÌH$m[aVm g§X © H$moe1.3.1.1.3 nÌH$m[aVm g§X © H$moe1.3.1.1.3 nÌH$m[aVm g§X © H$moe1.3.1.1.3 nÌH$m[aVm g§X © H$moe :- ""OZgyMZm, OZg§Mma, OZa§OZ AWdm OZgmYmaU VH$ g_mMma-{dMma-g§àofU hoVw g§Mm{bV _mÜ`_m| ( g_mMma / n{ÌH$m / AmH$medmUr / XyaXe©Z Am{X) Ho$ g§nmXZ,_wÐU, àH$meZ, g§ moOZ Am{X H$s {dYm `m H$bm H$mo nÌH$m[aVm _mZm h¡Ÿ&''

1.3.1.1.4 _mZH$ qhXr H$moe1.3.1.1.4 _mZH$ qhXr H$moe1.3.1.1.4 _mZH$ qhXr H$moe1.3.1.1.4 _mZH$ qhXr H$moe1.3.1.1.4 _mZH$ qhXr H$moe :- ""nÌH$m[aVm dh {dYm h¡, {Og_| nÌH$mam| Ho$ H$m`m], H$V©ì`m|, CX²Xoí`m| Am{XH$m {ddoMZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.1.5 S>m°. e§H$a X`mb e_m©1.3.1.1.5 S>m°. e§H$a X`mb e_m©1.3.1.1.5 S>m°. e§H$a X`mb e_m©1.3.1.1.5 S>m°. e§H$a X`mb e_m©1.3.1.1.5 S>m°. e§H$a X`mb e_m© :- ""nÌH$m[aVm EH$ noem Zht h¡, ~pëH$ h Vmo OZVm H$s godm H$m _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ&nÌH$mam| H$mo Ho$db KQ>ZmAm| H$m {ddaU hr noe Zht H$aZm Mm{hE, Am_ OZVm Ho$ gm_Zo CgH$m {díbofU ^r noeH$aZm Mm{hEŸ& nÌH$mam| na bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ na§namAm| H$s ajm H$aZo, em§{V Ed§ ^mB©Mmam ~‹T>mZo H$s {Oå_oXmar ^rAmVr h¡Ÿ&''

1.3.1.1.6 S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar1.3.1.1.6 S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar1.3.1.1.6 S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar1.3.1.1.6 S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar1.3.1.1.6 S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar :- ""àH$meZ, {MÌm| X²dmam àñVwVrH$aU VWm àgmaU hoVw gm_{`H$ Am¡a gagVÏ`m| H$o$ g§J«h Am¡a g§nmXZ H$mo nÌH$m[aVm H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm H$m joÌ ~hþAm`m_r h¡ Am¡a _mZdOrdZ H$s g_ñV J{V{d{Y`m± BgH$s gr_m _| AmVr h¢Ÿ&''

AmO nÌH$m[aVm gyMZm H|$X« Ho$ gmW aMZmË_H$, gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am§XmobZ ~Zr h¡Ÿ& _w{ÐV OZ_mÜ`_Ho$ gmW AmH$medmUr, XyaXe©Z, g§JUH$ Am{X ZdBboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ ^r nÌH$m[aVm go Ow‹S>o hþE h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.21.3.1.21.3.1.21.3.1.21.3.1.2 nÌH$m[aVm : àH$ma nÌH$m[aVm : àH$ma nÌH$m[aVm : àH$ma nÌH$m[aVm : àH$ma nÌH$m[aVm : àH$ma :- :- :- :- :- _mZd OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ go nÌH$m[aVm H$m g§~§Y ahm h¡Ÿ& AnZr {Z © Vm Ho$H$maU nÌH$m[aVm H$s bmoH${à`Vm ~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¡Ÿ& OrdZ H$s {d{dYVm Am¡a g§Mma gmYZm| H$s A{YH$Vm gonÌH$m[aVm ~hþAm`m_r ~Zr h¡Ÿ& dh OZg_ñ`mAm| go Ow‹S>r h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| H$mo OZVm H$s g§gX _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&Bg{bE nÌH$m[aVm H$mo àOmV§Ì H$m "Mm¡Wm I§~mMm¡Wm I§~mMm¡Wm I§~mMm¡Wm I§~mMm¡Wm I§~m' _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& dV©_mZ wJ {d{epîQ>H$aU H$m wJ h¡Ÿ& `hm±AZoH$mZoH$ KQ>ZmE± KQ>Vr h¢Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m joÌ {demb ~ZZo go CgH$s ì`mnH$Vm ~‹T> JB© h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ AZoH$ ê$nEd§ àH$ma gm_Zo AmE h¢, {OZ_| go Hw$N> àH$ma {ZåZm§{H$V h¢Ÿ-

1.3.1.2.1 Am{W©H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.1 Am{W©H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.1 Am{W©H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.1 Am{W©H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.1 Am{W©H$ nÌH$m[aVm :- _mZd OrdZ _| AW© H$mo _hÎmm {_br h¡Ÿ& _wÐm~mOma, ny±Or~mOma, dñVw~mOma, n§Mdfu` `moOZmE±, ~¢H$, J«m_moX² moJ, l_, ~OQ>, amîQ>r` Am`, CX² moJ, ì`dgm` Am{X nmR>H$m| H$moAmH${f©V H$a aho h¢Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m {dH$mg ^r Am{W©H$ ì`mnm[aH$ J{V{d{Y`m| Ho$ g§X © _| hþAm h¡Ÿ& ^maV H$màW_ AI~ma ""{hŠH$sO JOQ>'' 19 OZdar 1780 H$mo H$cH$Îmm go n«H$m{eV hþAmŸ& Cg_| {dkmnZm| Ho$ gmW


(4)(4)(4)(4)(4) nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$ma

ì`mnmar J{V{d{Y`m| H$s gyMZmE± àH$m{eV WtŸ& A§J«oOr ì`mnm[a`m| Zo CX² m|Jm| Am¡a ~¢H$m| H$s ñWmnZm H$aHo$ Am{W©H$nÌH$m[aVm MbmB©Ÿ& 1928 _| gr. Eg². a§Jmñdm_r Ho$ g§nmXH$Ëd go "B§{S>`Z \$mBZoÝg' nÌ àH$m{eV hþAmŸ, {OgH$mg§~§Y Ho$db maVr` ì`mnm[a`m| go WmŸ& 1943 _| {~bm© Zo "X BñQ>Z© BH$mZm°{_Šg' H$m àH$meZ {H$`mŸ& Q>mBåg Am°\$B§{S>`m g_yhm| go 1961 _| "X BH$mZm°{_Šg Q>mB©åg' H$m àH$meZ hþAmŸ& lr. nr. ìhr. Zaqghamd Am¡a lr. _Z_mohZqgh Zo ZB© Am{W©H$ Zr{V AnZmZo go {ZOrH$aU, {dXoer {Zdoe Am¡a ~hþamîQ>r` H§$n{Z`m| H$mo ~‹T>mdm {_bmŸ& Am{W©H$g_mMmam| H$mo _hËVm {_bZo go ^maV H$s g^r ^mfmAm| _| Am{W©H$ nÌm| H$m àH$meZ ewê$ hþAm, {OZ_| {~OZogB§{S>`m, {~OZog Qw>S>o, {~OZog dS>©, {~OZog Q>mB©åg, \$m`ZmpÝe µb EŠgàog, [agmbm ~mOma, CX² moJ ^maVr,H$mamo~ma, ì`mnma Am{X à_wI h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.2 J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.2 J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.2 J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.2 J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.2 J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm :- ^maV Jm±dm| H$m Xoe hmoZo go Xoe H$s 70 à{VeV Am~mXr Jm±dm| _| h¡Ÿ& dhm±{nN>S>mnZ h¡Ÿ& g§Mma H$s [aŠVVm ^r h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ eham| _| àH$m{eV hmoZo go Jm±dm| _| ZB© MoVZm Am¡a d¡km{ZH${dH$mg nÌm| X²dmam H$_ _mÌm _| nhþ±Mm h¡Ÿ& à{gX²Y nÌH$ma JUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWu Ho$ AZwgma, ""na§namJV bmoH$H$bm,bmoH$g§ñH¥${V, Hw$Q>ra CX² moJ, J«m_rU ñdmñÏ`, h[aV Am¡a ídoV H«$m§{V X²dmam Jm§d Ho$ g§nyU© {dH$mg hoVw g_{n©VnÌH$m[aVm H$mo "J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVmJ«m_rU nÌH$m[aVmJ«m_rU nÌH$m[aVmJ«m_rU nÌH$m[aVmJ«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm' H$hZm C{MV hmoJmŸ&'' J«m_rU OZVm H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m {ZdmaU, Hw$àWmAm|H$m nXm©\$me, IoVr Ho$ ~mao _| ZdrZ ImoOm| H$s OmZH$mar, J«m_rU CX² moJm| H$mo ~‹T>mdm Am{X J«m_rU nÌH$m[aVm Ho$_hÎdnyU© H$m_ h¢Ÿ& {Og nÌ go bKw CX² moJ, Zmar {ejm, newnmbZ, IoVr, ImX² , ~rO, àm¡T> {ejm, n[admaH$ë`mU, n[adma {Z`moOZ Am{X go g§~§{YV OmZH$mar àH$m{eV hmoVr h¡, Cgo "J«m_rU nÌJ«m_rU nÌJ«m_rU nÌJ«m_rU nÌJ«m_rU nÌ' H$hm OmEJmŸ&

1.3.1.2.3 H¥${f nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.3 H¥${f nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.3 H¥${f nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.3 H¥${f nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.3 H¥${f nÌH$m[aVm :- ^maV H¥${f àYmZ Xoe hmoZo go 80 à{VeV OZVm H¥${f na {Z ©a h¡Ÿ& {dkmZ Ho$Am{dîH$ma H¥${f VH$ Z nhþ±MZo go na§namJV IoVr {nN>S>r hþB© h¡Ÿ& AYyar OmZH$mar, A§Y{dídmg, _m¡g_, ImX, ~rOH$s AZ{^kVm BÝht go {H$gmZ ÌñV h¡Ÿ& dh ngrZm ~hmH$a _ohZV Vmo H$aVm h¡, na Cgo C{MV bm^ Zht {_bVmŸ&H¥${f nÌH$m[aVm H¥$fH$m| Ho$ {hVm| Am¡a bm^m| go OwS>Zr Mm{hEŸ& Bg_| H¥${f AW©emñÌ, _¥Xm Ed§ H¥${f agm`Z, H$sQ>emñÌ, Ord {dkmZ, H¥${f àgma, newnmbZ, Xw½Y ì`dgm`, y{_ g§ajU, CX² mZemñÌ, ~mOma^md, \$gb[anmoQ>©, _§S>r H$s VmOm I~a|, _m¡g_ g_mMma Am{X H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.4 AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.4 AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.4 AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.4 AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.4 AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm :- Bgo "ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm'"ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm'"ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm'"ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm'"ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm' ^r H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O~ {H$gr ì`pŠV, g§ñWm,g§KQ>Z AWdm A{YH$mar go VÏ` {N>nmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s OmVr h¡, V~ nÌH$ma Omgyg, dH$sb AWdm OO H$s

y{_H$m {Z^mH$a AÝdofU H$aVm h¡Ÿ& A_[aH$m H$m "dmQ>aJoQ> H$m§S>' ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm go gm_Zo Am`mŸ& ^maV _| ^r{XZ-~-{XZ AZoH$mZoH$ H$m§S> gm_Zo Am aho h¢, {OZ_| AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m {Z^m ahr h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.5 ì`m»`mË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.5 ì`m»`mË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.5 ì`m»`mË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.5 ì`m»`mË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.5 ì`m»`mË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm :- AmYw{ZH$ Am{dîH$mam| Ho$ H$maU AmO g_mMma Vwa§V àmßV hmo aho h¢Ÿ&Ho$db OmZH$mar go lmoVm g§VwîQ> Zht hmoVmŸ& Bg{bE g§dmXXmVm KQ>Zm H$s JhamB`m| _| OmH$a ImoO H$aVm h¡ Am¡a{ddoMZ Ed§ {díbofU go KQ>Zm go OwS>o _wX²Xm| H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& ì`m»`mË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm go g_mMmam| H$m `WmW©n[adoe g_P _| AmVm h¡Ÿ&

(5) (5) (5) (5) (5)nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$manÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àH$ma

1.3.1.2.6 {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.6 {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.6 {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.6 {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.6 {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm :- Am{W©H$ {dH$mg, g_mO - amîQ> Ed§ {díd H$s CÝZ{V Ho$ ~mao _| ZB© VH$ZrH|$AnZmH$a {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm H$m_ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& XyaJm_r n[aUm_m| na gmoMH$a, Jar~r hQ>md, {dH$mg `moOZmAm| H$màMma, ÐþVJ{V {dH$mg Bg_| Ano{jV h¡Ÿ& H|$Ðr` gaH$ma H$s n{ÌH$m "`moOZm' {dH$mg nÌH$m[aVm H$m CXmhaU h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.7 g§X © nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.7 g§X © nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.7 g§X © nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.7 g§X © nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.7 g§X © nÌH$m[aVm :- g§nmXH$, ñV§ boIH$, g§dmXXmVm, àemg{ZH$ A{YH$mar BZHo$ {bE boI {bIVog_` nÌ-n{ÌH$m _| nhbo àH$m{eV gm_J«r H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& V~ g§X © {d^mJ, nwamZr H$VaZm|, BÝht goghm`Vm br OmVr h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.8 g§gXr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.8 g§gXr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.8 g§gXr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.8 g§gXr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.8 g§gXr` nÌH$m[aVm :- g§gX H$s H$m ©dmhr àH$meZ Ho$ {Z`_ 1956 Ho$ A§VJ©V ahH$a g§gX Ho$amÁ`g^m, bmoH$g^m VWm àmXo{eH$ {dYmZg^mAm| Am¡a {dYmZn[afXm| H$s H$m ©dmhr H$s [anmo{Q>ªJ H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&gXZ H$s H$m ©dmhr Ho$ ~mao _| OZVm OmZZm MmhVr h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZ¡{VH$ Am{X J{V{d{Y`m| H$s[anmo{Q>ªJ H$aVo dŠV nÌH$mam| H$mo {deof gmdYmZr ~aVZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.9 {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.9 {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.9 {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.9 {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.9 {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm :- AmO {dkmZ H$m à^md g^r joÌm| na h¡Ÿ& {dkmZ H$s CnbpãY`m| go CX² moJH¥${f, {M{H$Ëgm, A{^`m§{ÌH$s Am{X go _mZd OrdZ gwI-gw{dYm go g§nÝZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {dkmZ nÌH$m[aVm H$m_H$a ahr h¡Ÿ& "{dkmZ àJ{V', "{dkmZ H$bm', "{dkmZ H$s{V©' , "{dkmZ OJV²' Am{X n{ÌH$mE± Bg joÌ _| H$m_ H$aahr h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.10 ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.10 ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.10 ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.10 ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.10 ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm :- ao{S>`mo Xoe H$m geŠV g§Mma _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo H$s ^mfm g§{jßV, ñnîQ> Am¡agmaJ{ ©V hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Cggo OmZH$mar Vrd« J{V go àgm[aV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bggo àgm[aV g_mMma {dídgZr` Ed§Cn`moJr hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.11 XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.11 XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.11 XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.11 XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.11 XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm :- BgHo$ g§àofU go XoIZo Am¡a gwZZo H$m AmZ§X {_bVm h¡Ÿ& ^maV _| 15-9-1959 H$mo {Xëbr _| XyaXe©Z H$m àma§ hþAmŸ& g_mMmam| H$s A{YH$Vm Am¡a àm_m{UH$Vm VWm _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmWgm§ñH¥${VH$, gm{hpË`H$, kmZdY©H$ H$m ©H«$_m| H$m àgmaU Bggo hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Xoe H$s EH$Vm, AI§S>Vm Am¡a OrdZ _yë`m|H$m nmofU XyaXe©Z go hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.12 {\$ë_r nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.12 {\$ë_r nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.12 {\$ë_r nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.12 {\$ë_r nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.12 {\$ë_r nÌH$m[aVm :- "_§M' n{ÌH$m go {\$ë_r nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ 1931 _| hþAmŸ& {\$ë_rH$bmH$mam| H$s bmoH${à`Vm ~T>Zo go CZHo$ {ZOr OrdZ Ho$ {H$ñgo, amo_m§g, amoMH$ gm_J«r bmoJ n‹T>Zm MmhVo h¢Ÿ&{\$ë_m| H$s g_rjm, [\$ë_ CX² moJ, {\$ë_ g_mMma nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| go àH$m{eV hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.13 ~mb nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.13 ~mb nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.13 ~mb nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.13 ~mb nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.13 ~mb nÌH$m[aVm :- ~mbH$ Xoe H$m ^{dî`, Xn©U Am¡a _wñHw$amhQ> hmoVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$m gå`H$ {dH$mg,{Okmgm H$s em§{V Am¡a _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ {bE ~mb nÌH$m[aVm H$m_ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Xoe ào_ H$m ~rOmamonU, H$mQy>©Z go_Zmoa§OZ, H$mo_b ^mdZmAm| H$m {dH$mg Am{X Ho$ {bE "~mbgIm', "{eew', "~mbH$§', "M§Xm_m_m' Am{X n{ÌH$mE±H$m_ H$a ahr h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.14 \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.14 \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.14 \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.14 \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.14 \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm :- KQ>Zm H$s {dídgZr`Vm \$moQ>mo go ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ& d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aU, àmH¥${VH$Ñí`, \¡$eZ emo Am{X Ho$ \$moQ>mo gÀMmB© H$mo Á`m| H$m Ë`m| àñVwV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE Hw$eb \$moQ>moJ«m\$a H$s Amdí`H$Vm


hmoVr h¡Ÿ& MrZr bmoH$mopŠV Ho$ AZwgma, ""Xg hOma eãXm| dmbo {dñV¥V {ddaUm| H$s Anojm EH$ AmH$f©H$ Am¡aà{V^membr {MÌ A{YH$ Cn wŠV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&''

1.3.1.2.15 _{hbm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.15 _{hbm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.15 _{hbm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.15 _{hbm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.15 _{hbm nÌH$m[aVm :- AmO _{hbmE± nwéf Ho$ H§$Yo go H§$Ym {_bmH$a H$m ©aV h¢Ÿ& {ejm, {dkmZ,IobHy$X Am{X _| dh AmJo ~‹T> ahr h¡Ÿ& na§nam, g§ñH¥${V, _Zmoa§OZ Am{X joÌ go g§~§{YV OmZH$mar nÌH$m[aVm goñnîQ> hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& _{hbm nÌH$m[aVm go _Zmoa§OZ, _{hbmAm| H$m _mZ{gH$ n[a_mO©Z, _mZdr` nj VWm goŠgAm{X H$m àH$Q>Z hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.16 Iob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.16 Iob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.16 Iob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.16 Iob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.16 Iob nÌH$m[aVm :- Iob nÌH$m[aVm H$m joÌ {demb ~Zm h¡Ÿ& ñdmñÏ` H$s ÑpîQ> go Iob H$m _hÎdAgmYmaU h¡Ÿ& OZVm H$s Am±I| {Ibm{S>`m| Ho$ Iob Am¡a CZH$s `mo½`Vm na bJr ahVr h¢Ÿ& ñWmZr` Iob go {dídà{V`mo{JVmAm| VH$ Ho$ g_mMma Iob nÌH$m[aVm go àmßV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& ñd § _¡XmZ _| OmH$a Omo g_mMma BH$Q>²>R>o {H$EOmVo h¢, do _hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Iob g_mMmam| Ho$ gmW, Iob H$m ñVa, Iob H$s pñW{V, Q>r_ H$m M`Z, {Ibm{S>`m| H$sH${_`m±, Xmof, {Ibm{S>`m| H$m _Zmo~b ~‹T>mZm Am{X H$m_ Bg_§o hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.17 AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.17 AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.17 AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.17 AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.17 AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm :- ^maV Xoe Y_©nam`U F${f`m| Am¡a Xme©{ZH$m| H$m _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&AmÜ`mË_ go _mZd H$mo em§{VnyU© OrdZ H$s àmpßV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm go fS²>[anwAm| H$m Zme hmoH$aAZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m g_mYmZ àmßV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& OrdZ Ho$ ahñ`m| H$mo OmZZo H$m _yb_§Ì AmÜ`mpË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm go{_bVm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.18 gdm}X` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.18 gdm}X` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.18 gdm}X` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.18 gdm}X` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.18 gdm}X` nÌH$m[aVm :- Om{V-nm±{V, amJ-X²dof, oX^md Am{X go hQ>H$a _. Jm§Yr, {dZmo~m ^mdo Zog_mO godH$m| H$mo boH$a g_mO H$s godm H$sŸ& gdm}X>` nÌH$ma ì`pŠVJV amJ X²>dof H$m Ë`mJ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& _hmË_mJm§Yr Or Zo "_oar qOXJr _oam g§Xoe h¡' _| AnZm nÌH$ma ì`pŠVËd gm_Zo bm`m WmŸ& "h[aOZ', "ZdOrdZ',"ImXr-OJV²', "J«m_amO', "h[aOZ godm' Am{X n{ÌH$mE± Bg joÌ _| `moJXmZ {Z^m ahr h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.19 d¥ÎmmÝV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.19 d¥ÎmmÝV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.19 d¥ÎmmÝV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.19 d¥ÎmmÝV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.19 d¥ÎmmÝV nÌH$m[aVm :- AmH$medmUr Am¡a XyaXe©Z Ho$ _mÜ`_ go bmoH$g^m, {dYmZg^m, _obm,CËgd Am{X H$m Am±Im| XoIm hmb àgm[aV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE AmdmO H$s JwUdËVm, {ZînjVm, KQ>Zm H$mkmZ Am¡a CËVaXm{`Ëd ~moY Amdí`H$ ahVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| gm_m{OH$Vm H$m ~moY àYmZ ahVm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.20 gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.20 gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.20 gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.20 gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.20 gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm :- gm{hË` g_mO H$m Xn©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm gm{hË` g§àofU H$mCËH¥$îQ>> _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ& gm{hpË`H$ nÌH$m[aVm EH$ amoMH$ joÌ h¡Ÿ& gm{hpË`H$ joÌ H$s J{V{d{Y`m±, ZE àH$meZ,AmbmoMZm, g§H«$_U, gm{hË`H$mam| go |Q>dmVm©, Owë_ Ho$ {déX²Y Omo{I_ Am{X Bg nÌH$m[aVm _| AmVo h¢Ÿ& H${ddMZ gwYm, nr yf, àdmh, {demc ^maV, H$mX§{~Zr, Am{X nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Zo Bg joÌ _| {d{eîQ> y{_H$m {Z^mB©h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ nÌH$ma A§eV: gm{hË`H$ma Am¡a gm{hË`H$ma WmoS>mgm nÌH$ma hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$eb nÌH$ma gm{hË`H$ma go{^ÝZ Zht hmoVmŸ&

1.3.1.2.21 e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.21 e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.21 e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.21 e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.21 e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm :- EZ². gr. B©. Ama². Q>r. Zo Bg nÌH$m[aVm H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à`mg {H$`mh¡Ÿ& e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm e¡{jH$ àd¥{Îm`m|, {ejm OJV² H$s KQ>ZmAm| VWm e¡{jH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$mo OZg§Mma _mÜ`_go OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmVr h¡Ÿ& {ejm joÌ _| gm¡hmX©« dmVmdaU H$s {Z{_©{V H$aZm Am¡a d¡Mm[aH$ MoVZm H$mo {dH${gVH$aZo H$m H$m_ `h nÌH$m[aVm H$aVr h¡Ÿ&


1.3.1.2.22 hmñ`-ì §½` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.22 hmñ`-ì §½` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.22 hmñ`-ì §½` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.22 hmñ`-ì §½` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.22 hmñ`-ì §½` nÌH$m[aVm :- _Zwî` Ho$ OrdZ _| hmñ`-ì §½` H$m hmoZm AË §V Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& Bg{cE^maV|Xw h[aíM§Ð Zo hmñ` ì §½` nÌH$m[aVm H$s ewê$AmV "h[aíM§Ð M§{ÐH$mh[aíM§Ð M§{ÐH$mh[aíM§Ð M§{ÐH$mh[aíM§Ð M§{ÐH$mh[aíM§Ð M§{ÐH$m' go H$sŸ& AmO AZoH$ nÌ n{ÌH$mAm| _|hmñ`-ì §½` H$m ñV§ ahVm h¡Ÿ& "hmobr' na ì §½` {dZmoX {deofm§H$ A{YH$ _mÌm _| {ZH$bVo h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.23 ~«ob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.23 ~«ob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.23 ~«ob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.23 ~«ob nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.23 ~«ob nÌH$m[aVm :- A§Y ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ {bE bwB© ~«obbwB© ~«obbwB© ~«obbwB© ~«obbwB© ~«ob Zo {deof {b{n H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m h¡Ÿ& R>mHw$aR>mHw$aR>mHw$aR>mHw$aR>mHw$a{dídZmamÙ qgh{dídZmamÙ qgh{dídZmamÙ qgh{dídZmamÙ qgh{dídZmamÙ qgh Zo ^maV _| ~«ob nÌH$m[aVm H$m àMma-àgma {H$`mŸ& "{eew AmbmoH${eew AmbmoH${eew AmbmoH${eew AmbmoH${eew AmbmoH$' n{ÌH$m ÑpîQ>hrZm| Ho$ {bEàH$m{eV ^maV H$s àW_ n{ÌH$m h¡Ÿ& AmO AZoH$mZoH$ ~«ob n{ÌH$mE± àH$m{eV hmo ahr h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.24 {^{Îm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.24 {^{Îm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.24 {^{Îm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.24 {^{Îm nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.24 {^{Îm nÌH$m[aVm :- [^{Îm nÌ _| ñWmZr` {eH$m`V|, gyMZm, Am§XmobZ Am{X Ho$ {deof g_mMma hmoVoh¢Ÿ& ê$g, MrZ, Am°ñQ>o{b`m _| BgH$m àMbZ VoOr go ~‹T> ahm h¡Ÿ& ñHy$b VWm H$mboOm| _| {^{Îm nÌH$ gwdmÀM Ajam|_| {bIo OmVo h¢Ÿ& {dH$gZerb Xoem| _| `h nÌH$m[aVm à^mdembr gm{~V hmo ahr h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.25 A§V[aj nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.25 A§V[aj nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.25 A§V[aj nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.25 A§V[aj nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.25 A§V[aj nÌH$m[aVm :- {dkmZ wJ _| gyMZm H$s H«$m§{V AmH$me pñWV J«hm| Am¡a CnJ«hm| na AmYm[aVh¡Ÿ& A§V[aj `mZ YaVr H$s n[aH«$_m bJmVo hþE YaVr H$s Am±I Am¡a H$mZ ~Zo hþE h¢Ÿ& BZH$s ghm`Vm go boI,g_mMma, \$moQ>mo, {dkmnZ, EH$ amîQ> go Xygao amîQ> _| Vwa§V oOZo _| ghm`Vm {_bVr h¡Ÿ& g§Mma H«$m§{V Ho$ wJ _|A§V[aj nÌH$m[aVm _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m {Z^m ahr h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.26 nrV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.26 nrV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.26 nrV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.26 nrV nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.26 nrV nÌH$m[aVm :- CÎmoOZm VWm gZgZrIoO dmVmdaU H$s {Z{_©{V nrV nÌH$m[aVm go hmoVr h¡Ÿ&A_o[aH$m Ho$ Omogo\$ nw{bË>OaOmogo\$ nw{bË>OaOmogo\$ nw{bË>OaOmogo\$ nw{bË>OaOmogo\$ nw{bË>Oa nrV nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ OZH$ _mZo OmVo h¢Ÿ& CÎmoOZmË_H$, qhgmË_H$ Am¡a {dñ_`H$marg_mMmam| H$mo Bg_| _hËVm {_bZo go `h nÌH$m[aVm nÌH$m[aVm OJV² H$mo H$b§{H$V H$aVr h¡Ÿ& gñVr bmoH${à`VmBgH$m CX²Xoí` ahm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.27 gm§ñH¥${VH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.27 gm§ñH¥${VH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.27 gm§ñH¥${VH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.27 gm§ñH¥${VH$ nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.27 gm§ñH¥${VH$ nÌH$m[aVm :- maVr` g§ñH¥${V OJV² _| AgmYmaU ahr h¡Ÿ& maVr` OZVm H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$,A{^ê${M, gm§ñH¥${VH$ J{V{d{Y`m±, na§namE± BÝht H$m g_mdoe Bg_| hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {d{^ÝZ joÌm| _| Am¡a àXoem| _| pñWVna§namE±, àd¥{Îm`m±, CZH$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ {ddaU BZH$m boIm-OmoIm Bg nÌH$m[aVm go àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& g§JrV,Z¥Ë`, H«$sS>m, a§J_§M Am{X H$m g_mdoe Bg_| hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§ñH¥${V H$mo ~ZmE aIZm Am¡a g_mO _| gmpËdH$ gwYma bmZmBgH$m CX²Xoí` ahm h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.28 dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.28 dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.28 dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.28 dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.28 dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm :- dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm _| gÀMmB© H$s A{YH$m{YH$ I~a|, Ed§ gZgZrIoO I~a|àH$m{eV hmoVr h¢Ÿ& àË oH$ ì`pŠV AmO Ho$ ApñWa amOZr{VH$ dmVmdaU go, {dídì`mnr CWb-nwWb go n[a{MVhmoZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ& {\$ë_, amOZr{V, Iob Am{X Ho$ A§VJ©V dr{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm Zo gdm©{YH$ bmoH${à`Vm àmßV H$s h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.29 B§Q>aZoQ> nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.29 B§Q>aZoQ> nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.29 B§Q>aZoQ> nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.29 B§Q>aZoQ> nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.29 B§Q>aZoQ> nÌH$m[aVm :- g§JUH$ H$s AX² wV j_Vm Zo B§Q>aZoQ> nÌm| H$mo à^m{dV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& "JyJb-Ý yO' Zo EH$ gmW AZoH$ g_mMma nmoQ>©ëg H$mo OmoS>H$a Xw{Z`m H$s KQ>ZmAm| H$mo Hw$N> hr nbm| _| Xem©Zo H$m CnH«$_{H$`m h¡Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> nÌH$m[aVm geŠV ê$n _| gm_Zo Am ahr h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ g_mMma nÌ AnZr B§Q>aZoQ> Amd¥{Îm`m± {ZH$mbaho h¢, {OZgo do Ho$db AnZo àXoem| _| hr pñWV Z ahH$a nyar Xw{Z`m na N>mE hþE h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.30 {ejm nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.30 {ejm nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.30 {ejm nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.30 {ejm nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.30 {ejm nÌH$m[aVm :-{ejm _Zwî` H$mo gwg§ñH¥$V ~ZmH$a CgHo$ ì`pŠVËd H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡Ÿ&g§ wŠV amîQ> Ho$ _mZdm{YH$ma KmofUm-nÌ _| g^r Ho$ {bE {ejm H$m A{YH$ma ñdrH¥$V {H$`m h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ amÁ` H$m


{ejm {d^mJ n{ÌH$mE± àH$m{eV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& kmZ H$s EH$ emIm go Xygar emIm _| _Zwî` H$s ñdV§Ì J{VerbVm~‹T>mZo _| {ejm nÌH$m[aVm _hÎdnyU© `moJXmZ {Z^mVr h¡Ÿ& "Z`m {ejH$ Am¡a {ejm', "ZB© Vmbr_', "^maVr`{ejm', "^maVr', "{ejH$ ~§Yw' Am{X {ejm n{ÌH$mE± ñVar` {ejm-n{ÌH$mE± ahr h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.31 n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.31 n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.31 n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.31 n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.31 n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm :- Am{X_ H$mb go _mZd H$s àH¥${V Ho$ à{V Jhar g§doXZm ahr h¡Ÿ& dh noS>-nm¡Y|, Ord O§Vw, Xdm-nmZr, ZXr nhm‹S>, gmJa BÝht àmH¥${VH$ gmYZm| Ho$ gmW g§VwbZ aIH$a n`m©daU H$s ajmH$aZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ& n`m©daU nÌH$m[aVm H$m H$m_ Ho$db dm w, Oc, y{_, Üd{Z Am{X àXyfUm| H$s OmZH$mar XoZmZht h¡, ~{ëH$ J§ ra g§H$Q> go AdJV H$aHo$ _mZd H$mo n`m©daU H$s gwajm Am¡a g§ajU Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm h¡Ÿ&ewX²Y n`m©daU gOJ nÌH$m[aVm go g§ d h¡Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.32 AnamY nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.32 AnamY nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.32 AnamY nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.32 AnamY nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.32 AnamY nÌH$m[aVm :- ^m¡{VH$dmXr ÑpîQ>, ñdmW©, AZ¡{VH$Vm go _mZd_yë` namñV hmoH$a AnamYàd¥{Îm ~‹T> ahr h¡Ÿ& OZVm ^r AnamY g§~§Yr g_mMma OmZZo _| CËgwH$ ahVr h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m H$V©ì` h¡ {H$ dhAmnam{YH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$s N>mZ~rZ H$aHo$ dmñVd ê$n gm_Zo bmE Am¡a H$V©ì` nmbZ H$s grI g_mO H$mo Xo, {Oggog_mO gm_m{OH$ _yë`m| H$m ajU H$a gHo$Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.33 gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.33 gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.33 gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.33 gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.33 gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm :- JX² {dYmAm| _| gmjmËH$ma AWdm |Q>dmVm© H$mo _hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡Ÿ&g§JrV _hmaWr {dîUw {XJ§~a nwbwñH$a H$m gmjmËH$ma M§ÐYa e_m© Jwboar Zo gZ 1905 _| {b`m WmŸ& `h qhXr H$mnhbm gmjmËH$ma "g_mbmoMH$' _| àH$m{eV hþAm WmŸ& gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {bE g§doXZerbVm, AZw y{V H$sJhamB©, ^mfm H$m VrImnZ, e¡br H$s gOrdVm, AmË_r`Vm, dmñVdVm H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AmO qhXrnÌH$m[aVm Zo AZoH$ _hÎdnyU© gmjmËH$ma àH$m{eV {H$E h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.34 \$sMa nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.34 \$sMa nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.34 \$sMa nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.34 \$sMa nÌH$m[aVm1.3.1.2.34 \$sMa nÌH$m[aVm :- Bg_| H$ënZm OJV² H$s Anojm KQ>Zm H$m emoY naH$ Am¡a JhamB© go AÜ``ZH$aHo$ {dñVma Ho$ gmW Cgo àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {df` H$m amoMH$ Am¡a {dñV¥V n[aM` \$sMa H$m à_wI VÎd h¡Ÿ&bú` H$m ñnîQ> {ZYm©aU Am¡a VÏ`m| H$m ñnîQ> g§H$bZ \$sMa _| hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& _obm, _Zmoa§OZ, g^m, Iob,gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m ©H«$_, {deof KQ>Zm Am{X na \$sMa {bIo OmVo h¢Ÿ&

1.3.1.2.35 H$mQy>©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.35 H$mQy>©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.35 H$mQy>©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.35 H$mQy>©Z nÌH$m[aVm 1.3.1.2.35 H$mQy>©Z nÌH$m[aVm :- g_mO H$s {df_VmE±, {dg§J{V`m±, {d{dYVmE± H$mQy>©Z H$m {df` ~ZVr h¢Ÿ&g_mO H$m «îQ>mMma AWdm {dg§JV ê$n ì §½` {MÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H$mQy>©Z _| gmH$ma hmoVm h¡Ÿ& A§J«oOr {MÌ "nÌ n§M'Ho$ AmYma na ^maV _| ~aOmoZOr Zo "qhXr n§M' H$m Ama§ {H$`mŸ& hmñ` ag H$s {Z{_©{V, bmoJm| H$s Jb{V`m| H$sA{^ì`pŠV Ho$ {bE H$mQ>y©Z ~ZmE OmVo h¢Ÿ& H$mQy>©Z _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmW ~hg H$m _wX²Xm ^r ~ZVo h¢Ÿ& ~wX²{YOrdr,A{e{jV, H$_ n‹T>o {bIo bmoJm| H$mo ^r H$mQy>©Z AmH${f©V H$aVo h¢Ÿ& eãXm| H$s Anojm o {MÌ bmoJm| H$mo gdm©{YH$à^m{dV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& AmO àm`: g^r g_mMma-nÌm| _| H$mQy>©Z àH$m{eV hmo aho h¢Ÿ&

1.3.21.3.21.3.21.3.21.3.2 nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ : {díd VWm ^maV Ho$ g§X © _| :nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ : {díd VWm ^maV Ho$ g§X © _| :nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ : {díd VWm ^maV Ho$ g§X © _| :nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ : {díd VWm ^maV Ho$ g§X © _| :nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ : {díd VWm ^maV Ho$ g§X © _| :

nÌH$m[aVm _| OZ^mdZm H$s A{^ì`pŠV, gX² mdZmAm| H$s {Z{_©{V Am¡a Z¡{VH$Vm H$s nr{R>H$m hmoVr h¡Ÿ&{d{^ÝZ d¡km{ZH$ CnbpãY`m| Ho$ H$maU nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ ñdê$n _| {ZË` ZE n[adV©Z hmo aho h¢Ÿ&àma§{^H$ wJ _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ame` Ho$db emgH$s` Zr{V`m|, AmXoem| Am¡a gyMZmAm| H$mo OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZm WmŸ&


g_«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ {ebmboI, g_wÐJwßV Ho$ {dO` ñV§ Am{X na amOH$s` Zr{V H$s CX²fmofUmE± CnbãY h¢Ÿ& AÝ`amîQ>m| _| ^r Bgr Vah H$s gyMZmE± CnbãY h¢Ÿ& B©gmnyd© 60 _| amo_ _| Oy{b`g grOa Ho$ emgZ H$mb _| EŠQ>m S>m`ZmEŠQ>m S>m`ZmEŠQ>m S>m`ZmEŠQ>m S>m`ZmEŠQ>m S>m`ZmZm_H$ nhbm X¡{ZH$ ~wbo{Q>Z {_bVm h¡& `h ~wbo{Q>Z amo_ Ho$ gmd©O{ZH$ ñWmZm| na {MnH$m`m OmVm Wm Am¡a Cg_|gaH$mar KmofUmE± ahVr WtŸ& B©. g. 105 _| H$mJO H$m Am{dîH$ma hþAmŸ& boIZ H$s gw{dYm hmo OmZo go bmoJm| H$m bm^hþAmŸ&

_wÐU H$bm _wÐU H$bm _wÐU H$bm _wÐU H$bm _wÐU H$bm - H$mJO na {bIr hþB© gm_J«r A{YH$ gw{dYm OZH$ ~ZrŸ& B©. g. 650 _| MrZ _| {díd H$snhbr _w{X«V nwñVH$ {_bVr h¡Ÿ& MrZ H$s dm§JMm§Jdm§JMm§Jdm§JMm§Jdm§JMm§Jdm§JMm§J Zm_H$ bS>H$s Zo B©. g. 1314 _| _wÐU Ho$ {bE Q>mBn H$s ImoOH$sŸ& B©. g. 1450 _| YmVw H$m Q>mBn O_©Zr _| ~ZmŸ& BgHo$ ~mX Bg H$bm H$m {dH$mg \«$m§g, B§½b¡S>, nwV©Jmb Am{XXoem| _| hþAmŸ&

1.3.2.11.3.2.11.3.2.11.3.2.11.3.2.1 {díd H$m àW_ nÌ {díd H$m àW_ nÌ {díd H$m àW_ nÌ {díd H$m àW_ nÌ {díd H$m àW_ nÌ : - B©. g. 1440 _| O_©Zr Ho$ _m`Ýg ZJa _| JwQ>Z ~J© Zo àog H$s {Z{_©{V H$sŸ&B§½b§S> _| àog H$m Ama§ hmo OmZo na B. g. 1561 _| "Ý yO AmCQ> Am°\$ H¡$ÊQ>' Zm_H$ {~«Q>Z H$m nhbm nÌ {ZH$bmŸ&AmJo MbH$a ZrXab¡ÊS> go "Ý yOmBQw>§J', O_©Zr go "\«¡$H$ \w$Q>}a OZ©b', \«$m§g go "JOQ> X \«$m§g' H$s {Z{_©Vr hþB©Ÿ&{díd H$m nhbm g_mMma nÌ O_©Zr Ho$ Amg~J© ZJa go B. g. 1609 _| àH$m{eV hþAmŸ& A§J«oOr H$m àW_ {Z`{_VnÌ B. g. 1620 _| EågaS>©_ go ewê$ hþAmŸ& B§½b¡ÊS> _| àog H$m ñdV§Ì ApñVËd ñdrH¥$V hmo OmZo na OZê${M Ho$n[aîH$ma Am¡a g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ _hÎd _| {dH$mg hþAmŸ& B. g. 1690 _| "npãbH$ AH$agog ~m` \$maoZ EÊS>S>mo_opñQ>H$' h A_o[aH$m H$m nhbm g_mMma nÌ àH$m{eV hþAmŸ& B. g. 1702 _| A_o[aH$m _| "S>obr H$m|Q>' X¡{ZH$ nÌH$m àH$meZ àma§ hþAmŸ&

1.3.2.21.3.2.21.3.2.21.3.2.21.3.2.2^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§ :- {díd Ho$ g_mZ ^maV _| ^r àmMrZ H$mb _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Ama§Zht ahm h¡Ÿ& boIZ H$bm Ho$ nyd© Ho$db _m¡{IH$ ê$n go aMZmE± àH$m{eV hmoVr WtŸ& boIZ H$bm AdJV hmo OmZo na{ebmboIm| Ed§ AÝ`Ì YmVw-nÌm| na Hw$N> emgZmXoe Ed§ KmofUmE± {_bVr h¢, bo{H$Z CÝh| nÌH$m[aVm Zht _mZm OmgH$VmŸ& _wpñb_ H$mb _| nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ g§Ho$V {_bVo h¢Ÿ& gëVZV _| EH$ A{YH$mar ~arX-E_w_m{bH$ hmoVm Wm, dhg_mMma àofU H$s ì`dñWm g§ mbVm WmŸ& `h H$m © JwßVMam| Ho$ g_mZ WmŸ& {dídñV H$_©Mm[a`m| H$s {Z wpŠV H$aHo$g_mMma g§H$bZ Am¡a àofU H$s ì`dñWm H$s OmVr WrŸ& gyMZmAm| H$mo {b{n~X²Y H$aZo Ho$ {bE AbJ {d^mJ H$sì`dñWm ~ZmB© JB© WrŸ& {OgHo$ dmH$`mZdrg, g~mZrhdrg Am¡a Iw{\$`mZdrg o VrZ _hÎdnyU© A§J WoŸ& _wJbm| Ho$dmH$`mZdrg gmd©O{ZH$ ñWbm|, gaH$mar H$m`m©b`m| go gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$aHo$ WoŸ& Am¡a§JOo~ Ho$ nmg Vmo dmH$`mZdrgAm¡a g~mZrhdrg H$s gyMZmE± AbJ-AbJ OmVr Wt, {OZHo$ gm_§Oñ` Ho$ AmYma na dh {ZU© boVm WmŸ& _wJbH$mb _| g_mMma g§H$bZ H$s gOJ VWm Xj ì`dñWm WrŸ& o gmao Iw{\$`m {d^mJ Ho$ g_mZ ~mXemh H$s {dídgZr`Vmgo {Z wŠV hmoH$a CgH$s gwajm Ho$ {bE H$m_ H$a aho WoŸ& CÎma _wJb H$mb _| B. g. 1660 _| _wJb Xa~ma _|hñV{b{IV g_mMma nÌ "Xa~mao _wAëbm' àH$m{eV hþAmŸ& ~hmXwaemh O\$a Ho$ H$mb _| "{gamO Cb AI~ma'hñV{b{IV à{gX²Y hþAmŸ& Xa~ma Ho$ A_ra ^r hñV{b{IV AI~ma [ZH$mbZo Wo, bo{H$Z do g~Ho$ n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bEZht {_bVo WoŸ&


1.3.2.2.1 H§$nZr emgZH$mb 1.3.2.2.1 H§$nZr emgZH$mb 1.3.2.2.1 H§$nZr emgZH$mb 1.3.2.2.1 H§$nZr emgZH$mb 1.3.2.2.1 H§$nZr emgZH$mb :- nwV©Jm{b`m| Zo ^maV _| Jmodm _| àog bJm`mŸ& A§J«oOm| Zo ~§~B© (1672), _Ðmg(1772) Am¡a H$bH$Îmo (1779) _| àog H$s ewê$AmV H$sŸ& B. g. 1780 _| H$cH$Îmm go g§nmXH$ Ooåg AmJñQH$ {hH$sZo "~§Jmb JOQ> EÊS> H¡$bH$Q>m ES>dQ>m©BOa~§Jmb JOQ> EÊS> H¡$bH$Q>m ES>dQ>m©BOa~§Jmb JOQ> EÊS> H¡$bH$Q>m ES>dQ>m©BOa~§Jmb JOQ> EÊS> H¡$bH$Q>m ES>dQ>m©BOa~§Jmb JOQ> EÊS> H¡$bH$Q>m ES>dQ>m©BOa' nÌ A§J«oOr ^mfm _| àH$m{eV {H$`mŸ& Bgo "{hŠH$sO JOQ>{hŠH$sO JOQ>{hŠH$sO JOQ>{hŠH$sO JOQ>{hŠH$sO JOQ>' Ho$ Zm_go OmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& H§$nZr H$mb _| B. g. 1780 _| nrQ>a arS>, B. g. 1784 _| H¡$bH$Q>m JOQ>, B. g. 1785 _| ~§JmbOZ©b, _Ðmg go _Ðmg Hw$[a`a, B§{S>`Z hoamëS>, ~§~B© go ~§~B© hoamëS>, ~m°å~o JOQ> Am{X A§J«oOr ^mfm _| nÌ{ZH$bVo ahoŸ&

1.3.2.2.2 ^maVr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.2.2.2 ^maVr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.2.2.2 ^maVr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.2.2.2 ^maVr` nÌH$m[aVm1.3.2.2.2 ^maVr` nÌH$m[aVm :- B. g. 1818 _| ~§Jbm ^mfm _| ^maVr` ^mfm H$m àW_ {Z`VH$m{bH$ Oo. gr.Oo. gr.Oo. gr.Oo. gr.Oo. gr._me©_¡Z_me©_¡Z_me©_¡Z_me©_¡Z_me©_¡Z Zo "{X½Xe©Z{X½Xe©Z{X½Xe©Z{X½Xe©Z{X½Xe©Z' àH$m{eV {H$`mŸ& AmJo MbH$a `h "g_mMma Xn©Ug_mMma Xn©Ug_mMma Xn©Ug_mMma Xn©Ug_mMma Xn©U' Zm_ go ~§Jbm Am¡a A§J«oOr ^mfm _|gßVmh _| Xmo ~ma N>nZo bJmŸ& Bgr g_` maVr` g_mO gwYmaH$m| Zo nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _| AnZm moJXmZ {Z^m`mŸ&amOm am__mohZ am` Zo B©. g. 1816 _| ~§Jmb JOQ>, B. g. 1821 _| g§dmX H$m¡_wXr, B. g. 1825 _| {_amVCcAI~ma àH$m{eV {H$EŸ& maV H$m àW_ g_mMma nÌ "~§Jmb JOQ>~§Jmb JOQ>~§Jmb JOQ>~§Jmb JOQ>~§Jmb JOQ>' Ho$ g§nmXH$ J§JmYa Q²>Q>mMm © J§JmYa Q²>Q>mMm © J§JmYa Q²>Q>mMm © J§JmYa Q²>Q>mMm © J§JmYa Q²>Q>mMm © WoŸ& "{_amVCbAI~ma' H$s ^mfm \$magr WrŸ& amOm am__mohZ am` Zo ~«m÷mog_mO H$s _w»` n{ÌH$m Ho$ ê$n _| "~«÷m{ZH$b' H$sewê$AmV H$sŸ& bmS>© {d{b`_ ~oqQ>J Ho$ H$mc _| amOm am__mohZ am` Zo A§J«oOr _| "~§Jmb hoamëS>' H$m àH$meZ {H$`mŸ&~§Jbm, qhXr Am¡a \$magr _| àH$m{eV "~§JXyV' H$m àH$meZ Zrb aVZ hbXmaZrb aVZ hbXmaZrb aVZ hbXmaZrb aVZ hbXmaZrb aVZ hbXma Zo {H$`mŸ& {Ì^mfr` nÌ "~§JXyV'~mX _| A§J«oOr _| ^r {ZH$bZo bJmŸ& "~|Jmb haH$mê$', "OmZ~wb' VWm "{X B§[½be _¡Z' H$m àH$meZ X²dmaH$mZmWQ>¡Jmoa Zo {H$`mŸ& amOm am__mohZ am` H$s CXmadmXr VWm gwYmadmXr Zr{V`m| H$m ì`mnH$ {damoY hþAm WmŸ& B©ídaM§Ð{dX² mgmJa Zo "g§dmX à^mH$a' X¡{ZH$ H$s ewê$AmV H$sŸ& ~§Jmc H$s XoIm XoIr AÝ` àm§Vm| _| ^r nÌH$m[aVm H$mAma§ hþAmŸ& B. g. 1830 _| ~§~B© go "_w§~B© dV©_mZ' Am¡a "Om_o O_eoX' o Xmo JwOamVr nÌ {ZH$boŸ& B. g. 1832_| Ooåg qàjon Ho$ g§nmXZ _| "OZ©b Am\$ X am`b gmogm`Q>r Am\$ ~¢Jmc' Zm_H$ emoYmoÝ_wIr n{ÌH$m àma§ hþB©Ÿ&Bgr g_` _Ðmg _| "OaZc Am\$ X {bQ>aoMa EÊS> gm`Ýg' H$m àH$meZ hþAmŸ&

1.41.41.41.41.4 ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE àíZ :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE àíZ :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE àíZ :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE àíZ :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE àíZ :

A) A) A) A) A) {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go ghr n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go ghr n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go ghr n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go ghr n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go ghr n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&

1. OZ©{bÁ_ eãX ............. go {ZH$bm h¡Ÿ&

H$) OZ©bOZ©bOZ©bOZ©bOZ©b I) O_©Z J) OmnmZ K) OZV§Ì

2. nÌH$m[aVm _| ........... eãX "nÌ' h¡Ÿ&

H$) n§Om~r I) Ag{_`m J) g§ñH¥$Vg§ñH¥$Vg§ñH¥$Vg§ñH¥$Vg§ñH¥$V K) _madmS>r

3. .......... _| nÌH$m[aVm nhbo {_eZ Ho$ ê$n _| WrŸ&

H$) \«$m§g I) A_o[aH$m J) MrZ K) ^maV^maV^maV^maV^maV

4. ^maV H$s Añgr à{VeV OZVm ............ na {Z ©a h¡Ÿ&

H$) nÌH$m[aVm I) H¥${fH¥${fH¥${fH¥${fH¥${f J) CX² moJm| K) ao{S>`mo

(11) (11) (11) (11) (11)

5. 1928 _| gr. Eg². a§Jmñdm_r Ho$ g§nmXH$Ëd go .......... nÌ àH$m{eV hþAmŸ&

H$) B§{S>`Z \$mBZmÝgB§{S>`Z \$mBZmÝgB§{S>`Z \$mBZmÝgB§{S>`Z \$mBZmÝgB§{S>`Z \$mBZmÝg I) EŠQ>m S>m`Zm J) \«¡$H$ \w$Q>}a OZ©b K) Ý yO AmD$Q> Am°\$ H¡$ÊQ>

6. g_wÐJwßV Ho$ {dO` ñV§ na .......... Zr{V H$s CX²KmofUmE± CnbãY h¢Ÿ&

H$) gm_m{OH$ I) amOH$sàmOH$sàmOH$sàmOH$sàmOH$s` J) Ym{_©H$ K) Am{W©H$

7. {_amVCb AI~ma H$s ^mfm ........... WrŸ&

H$) qhXr I) A§J«oOr J) H$í_rar K) \$magr\$magr\$magr\$magr\$magr

8. .......... H$s dm§JMm§J Zm_H$ bS>H$s Zo _wÐU Ho$ {bE Q>mBn H$s ImoO H$sŸ&

H$) OmnmZ I) ~«÷Xoe J) gm`m_ K) MrZMrZMrZMrZMrZ

9. gZ ....... go "gañdVr' n{ÌH$m H$m àH$meZ Ama§ hþAmŸ&

H$) 1927 I) 1875 J) 1947 K) 19001900190019001900

10. ........ qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m R>hamd {~Xw ahmŸ&

H$) ñdmV§Í` nyd© wJ I) AmnmV² H$mbAmnmV² H$mbAmnmV² H$mbAmnmV² H$mbAmnmV² H$mb J) ñdV§ÌVm {XZ K) BŠH$sgdt gXr

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am) {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&

1. A§J«oOr eãX OZ©{bÁ_ H$m qhXr AZwdmX Š`m h¡?

2. nÌH$m[aVm {H$go H$hm OmVm h¡?

3. lr. am_H¥$îU aKwZmW Im{S>bH$a Ho$ AZwgma nÌH$m[aVm {H$go H$hVo h¢?

4. nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX²Xoí` H$m¡Zgm h¡ ?

5. "_mZH$ qhXr H$moe' _| nÌH$m[aVm H$s n[a^mfm H$m¡Z-gr h¡?

6. EZ². gr. B©. Ama². Q>r. Zo H$m¡Zgr nÌH$m[aVm H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ ?

7. Á w{b`g grOa Ho$ emgZ H$mb _| H$m¡Zgm X¡{ZH$ ~wbo{Q>Z {_bVm h¡?

8. ~hmXwaemh O\$a Ho$ H$mb _| H$m¡Zgm hñV{b{IV àH$m{eV hþAm?

9. ^maV H$m àW_ g_mMma nÌ "~§Jmb JOQ>' Ho$ g§nmXH$ H$m¡Z Wo?

10. B©ídaM§Ð {dÚmgmJa Zo H$m¡Zgo X¡{ZH$ H$s ewê$AmV H$s ?

1.51.51.51.51.5 nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© :nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© :nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© :nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© :nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© :

erK«m{VerK«erK«m{VerK«erK«m{VerK«erK«m{VerK«erK«m{VerK« - Vwa§V {dñV¥V{dñV¥V{dñV¥V{dñV¥V{dñV¥V - ì`mnH$

noem noem noem noem noem - ì`dgm` Hw$Q>raHw$Q>raHw$Q>raHw$Q>raHw$Q>ra - PmonS>r

H¥${f H¥${f H¥${f H¥${f H¥${f - IoVr AÝdofUAÝdofUAÝdofUAÝdofUAÝdofU - ImoO



e¡{jH$e¡{jH$e¡{jH$e¡{jH$e¡{jH$ - {ejm go g§~§{YV {díd{díd{díd{díd{díd - OJV²

nr{R>H$mnr{R>H$mnr{R>H$mnr{R>H$mnr{R>H$m - AmYma _wÐU_wÐU_wÐU_wÐU_wÐU - N>mnZo H$m H$m_

àofUàofUàofUàofUàofU - oOZm

1.61.61.61.61.6 ñd § AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :

A)A)A)A)A)

1) OZ©b 2) g§ñH¥$V 3) ^maV 4) H¥${f 5) B§{S>`Z \$mBZmÝg

6) amOH$s` 7) \$magr 8) MrZ 9) 1900 10) AmnmV²H$mb

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. A§J«oOr eãX OZ©{bÁ_ H$m qhXr AZwdmX nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ&

2. g_` Am¡a g_mO Ho$ g§X © _| gOJ ahH$a bmoJm| _| Xm{`Ëd ~moY {Z_m©U H$amZo H$s H$bm H$mo nÌH$m[aVmH$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

3. lr. am_H¥$îU aKwZmW Im{S>bH$a Ho$ AZwgma kmZ Am¡a {dMma eãXm| VWm {MÌm| Ho$ ê$n _| Xygam| VH$nhþ±MmZm hr nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ&

4. {díd Ho$ g_mMmam| Am¡a _mÜ`_m| H$mo g§H${bV H$aZm, CZH$m {ddoMZ H$aZm, I~amo| H$m {ddaU BH$Q>²>R>mH$aZm, CÝh| nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZm nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX²Xoí` h¡Ÿ&

5. _mZH$ qhXr H$moe Ho$ AZwgma nÌH$m[aVm dh {dYm h¡, {Og_| nÌH$mam| Ho$ H$m`m], H$V©ì`m|, CX²Xoí`m| Am{XH$m {ddoMZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

6. EZ². gr. B©. Ama. Q>r. Zo e¡{jH$ nÌH$m[aVm H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

7. Oy{b`g grOa Ho$ emgZ H$mb _| EŠQ>m S>m`Zm Zm_H$ X¡{ZH$ ~wbo{Q>Z {_bVm h¡Ÿ&

8. ~hmXwaemh O\$a Ho$ H$mb _| "{gamO Cb AI~ma' hñV{b{IV à{gX²Y hþAmŸ&

9. ^maV H$m àW_ g_mMma nÌ "~§Jmb JOQ>' Ho$ g§nmXH$ J§JmYa ^Q²>Q>mMm © WoŸ&

10. B©ídaM§Ð {dX² mgmJa Zo "g§dmX à^mH$a' X¡{ZH$ H$s ewê$AmV H$sŸ&

1.71.71.71.71.7 gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :

1. bmoJm| _| Xm{`Ëd~moY {Z_m©U H$aZo H$m H$m_ nÌH$m[aVm H$aVr h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm gyMZm H|$Ð Ho$ gmW aMZmË_H$,gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am§XmobZ ~Zr h¡Ÿ& AmH$medmUr, XyaXe©Z, g§JUH$ Am{X _mÜ`_ ^r nÌH$m[aVmgo OwS>o hþE h¢Ÿ&

2. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ Am{W©H$, J«m_rU, H¥${f, AÝdofUmË_H$, ì`m»`mË_H$, {dH$mg, g§X ©, g§gXr`, {dkmZ,ao{S>`mo, XyaXe©Z, {\$ë_r, ~mb, \$moQ>mo, _{hbm, Iob, AmÜ`mpË_H$, gdm}X`, d¥Îmm§V, gm{h{Ë`H$, e¡{jH$,


hmñ`-ì §½`, ~o«b, {^pËV, A§V[aj, nrV, gm§ñH¥${VH$, dr{S>`mo, B§Q>aZoQ>, {ejm, n`m©daU, AnamY,gmjmËH$ma, \$sMa, H$mQy>©Z nÌH$m[aVm Am{X àH$ma h¢Ÿ&

3. àmMrZ H$mb _| g_mMma Ho$ ê$n _| emgH$s` Zr{V`m±, AmXoe, gyMZmE± Am{X erbmboIm| Am¡a {dO` ñV§ m|X²dmam OZVm VH$ nhþ±Mm`r OmVr WtŸ&

4. _wJb H$mb, H§$nZr emgZ H$mb, ñdmV§Í` nyd© Am¡a ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mb _| ^maV _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m {dH$mghmoVm Am`m h¡Ÿ&

1.81.81.81.81.8 ñdmÜ`m` :ñdmÜ`m` :ñdmÜ`m` :ñdmÜ`m` :ñdmÜ`m` :

1. nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n g_PmBE&

2. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ àH$mam| na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

3. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ Ama§ H$s {díd VWm ^maV Ho$ g§X © _| MMm© H$s{OEŸ&

1.91.91.91.91.9 joÌr` H$m © :joÌr` H$m © :joÌr` H$m © :joÌr` H$m © :joÌr` H$m © :

1. nÌH$m[aVm H$s {d{^ÝZ n[a^mfmAm| H$mo g§J«{hV H$s{OEŸ&

2. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àH$mam| _| go {H$gr EH$ H$mo MwZH$a Cg joÌ go g§~§{YV nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {bEg_mMma H$m àmén ~ZmBEŸ&

3. ñdmV§Í`nyd© VWm ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mb _| qhXr VWm _amR>r _| àH$m{eV g_mMma nÌm| H$s gyMr ~ZmBEŸ&

1.101.101.101.101.10 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE :A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE :A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE :A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE :A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE :

1. à`moOZybH$ qhXr - S>m°. bú_rH$m§V nmÊS>o , S>m°. à{_bm AdñWr

2. à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr : AYyZmVZ Am`m_ - S>m°. A§~mXmg Xoe_wI

3. nÌH$m[aVm B{Vhmg Am¡a àíZ - H¥$îU {~hmar {_l

4. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m ~¥hV B{Vhmg - AOw©Z {Vdmar

5. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ZE n[aàoú` - amO{H$emoa

6. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm : ñdê$n Am¡a g§X © - S>m°. {dZmoX JmoXao

7. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a OZg§Mma - S>m°. R>mHw$aXÎm AmbmoH$

8. nÌH$m[aVm g§X © H$moe - S>m°. gwYtÐ Hw$_ma

9. AJ«boI - KZí`m_ n§H$O

10. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ n[aàoú` - amO{H$emoa

11. nÌH$m[aVm H$s {d{^ÝZ YmamE± - S>m°. {Zem§V qgh


12. g_mMma Ed§ àmê$n boIZ - S>m°. am_àH$me

13. nÌH$m[aVm H$m {dH$mg - EZ². gr. n§V

14. àgma ^maVr Am¡a àgmX Zr{V - gwYre nMm¡ar

15. g§nmXZ, n¥îR> gÁOm Am¡a _wÐU - a_oe O¡Z

16. AmYw{ZH$ g_mMma à~§YZ - A{Zb {H$emoa nwamo{hV

17. g_mMma nÌm| H$s ^mfm - S>m°. _m{UH$ _¥Joe

18. ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌH$m[aVm - àmo. a_oe O¡Z

19. OZg§Mma Ed§ nÌH$m[aVm - àmo. a_oe O¡Z

-----•-----

(15) (15) (15) (15) (15)


qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgg_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma g§H$bZ VWm boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma g§H$bZ VWm boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma g§H$bZ VWm boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma g§H$bZ VWm boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma g§H$bZ VWm boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_




2.3.1 qhXr nÌH$m[aVm CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg

2.3.2 g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma g§H$bZ

2.3.3 g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd - g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_









1. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg H$m kmZ àmßV H$a|JoŸ&

2. g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd g_mMma g§H$bZ H$s à{H«$`m H$mo g_P|JoŸ&

3. g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVËËd Ho$ A§VJ©V g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_m| go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&


g_mMma nÌ OZg§Mma H$m geŠV _mÜ`_ h¡, Omo g_mZ H$mo OmJ¥V H$aHo$ Cg_| CËgmE Ed§ MoVZm {Z_m©UH$aVm h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ Xm{`Ëd H$m ñdrH$ma H$aHo$ A§Y{dídmg, A§Yê${T>`m| Ho$ à{V g_mO _| {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZm{Z_m©U H$aHo$ g_mO H$m {X½Xe©Z H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mO H$m _Zmoa§OZ H$aHo$ CgH$m _mJ©Xe©Z H$aZm nÌH$m[aVm H$mà_wI CX²Xoí` h¡Ÿ& àmMrZ H$mb go nÌH$m[aVm {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| _| {dX² _mZ h¡Ÿ& Xoe-{dXoe _| _mZd gwê${M Ho$ AZwgma

qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mgqhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg

(16)(16)(16)(16)(16)

Cg_| n[adV©Z AmE h¢Ÿ& Omo{I_ CR>mH$a g§dmXXmVm dmñV{dH$ Ed§ gË` g_mMmam| H$mo nmRH$m|$ Ho$ gm_Zo A{^ì`ŠVH$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma g§JR>Z VWm g_mMma boIZ EH$ H$bm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ ^r {d{^ÝZ _hÎdnyU© Am`m_ h¢Ÿ&


2.3.12.3.12.3.12.3.12.3.1 qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg :qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg :qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg :qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg :qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg :

_wÐU Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Zo nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _| VWm _mZdr` gä`Vm Ho$ {dH$mg _| _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m {Z^mB©h¡Ÿ& {dMma A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm go amîQ> H$s AmOmXr, CgH$s AI§S>Vm, à wgÎmm Am¡a ^m¡{VH$Vm H$mo ~‹T>mdm{_bVm h¡Ÿ& AemoH$ Ho$ {ebmboI VWm AÝ`Ì {b{IV gm_J«r go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ ^maV _| g§àofU H$s {d{eîQ>Vmahr h¡Ÿ& _Ü`H$mb _| ^ŠVm| Am¡a g§Vm| Zo gm§ñH¥${VH$ nwZOm©JaU H$m H$m_ {H$`mŸ& _wJb ~mXemhm| Zo ^r àemg{ZH$H$m`m] Ho$ {bE g§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$m Cn`moJ {H$`mŸ& maV _| nwV©JrO Ed§ B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZr Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ Cnam§V àogH$s AdYmaUm hþB©Ÿ& OZg§Mma Ho$ ZE _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm ewê$ hþB©Ÿ& ~§Jmb H$s XoIm XoIr AÝ`Ì ^r nÌ-n{ÌH$mE± ewê$ hþBª Ÿ& B. g. 1826 _| H$bH$Îmm go àH$m{eV nhbo qhXr g_mMma nÌ "CXÝV> _mV©ÊS>CXÝV> _mV©ÊS>CXÝV> _mV©ÊS>CXÝV> _mV©ÊS>CXÝV> _mV©ÊS>' go ZE wJ H$sAdVmaUm hþB©Ÿ& OZg§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$ A§VJ©V AmO AmH$medmUr Am¡a XyaXe©Z A{YH$m{YH$ à^md OVm aho h¢Ÿ& {\$a^r ^maV _| OZg§Mma _mÜ`_m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ ê$n _| g_mMma-nÌ Am¡a n{ÌH$mAm| H$m à_wI ñWmZ ahm h¡Ÿ&

àma§ _| A{YH$m§e nÌ-n{ÌH$mE± A§J«oOm| X²dmam {ZH$mbr JB© h¢Ÿ& àma§{^H$ H$mb Ho$ qhXr nÌ {ZåZm§{H$Vaho h¢Ÿ- ŠbmH©$ _me© _¡Z H$m {X½Xe©Z (1818), OwJwb {H$emoa ewŠb H$m CX§V _mV©ÊS> (1826), Zrb aVZ hmbXmaH$m ~§JXyV (1829), amOm {edàgmX {gVmao qhX H$m ~Zmag AI~ma (1845), Z{gê$X²XrZ H$m _mV©ÊS> kmZXrn(1846), ào_ZmamÙ H$m _mbdm AI~ma (1848), Vmam_mohZ {_Ì H$m gwYmH$a (1850), _w§er gXm gwIbmb H$m~wX²{Y àH$me (1852), _w§er bú_UXmg H$m ½dm{bà JOQ> (1853), í`m_gw§Xa H$m g_mMma gwYmdf©U (1854),amOm bú_U qgh H$m àOm {hV¡fr (1855), ~m~y lrbmb H$m {O`mOr àVmn (1855), {edZmamÙ H$mgd©{hVH$maH$ (1855), J«§Wg^m H$m ~wX²{YdY©H$ J«§W (1856), H$Ýh¡ mbmb H$m amOnyVmZm AI~ma (1857),AOr _wëbm H$m n`m_| AmOmXr (1857), ZdrZM§Ð am` H$m kmZàXm[`Zr n{ÌH$m (1866)Ÿ& BZ nÌm| _| g_mOgwYma,amîQ>r`Vm, H«$m§{V H$s ^mdZm Ed§ {dXoer emgZ Ho$ {déX²Y ~JmdV H$m ñda h¡Ÿ&

A§J«oOr gm{hË` Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Ho$ g§nH©$ _| AmZo Ho$ H$maU ^maV|Xw h[aíM§Ð Ho$ g_` ^maVr` gm§ñH¥${VH$OrdZ Am¡a gm{hË` _| ZdrZ AÜ`m`m| H$s {Z{_©{V hþB©Ÿ& maVr` gm{hË` ê${T>dm{XVm, {Z`_~X²YVm Am¡a gm_§Vdm{XVmHo$ ~§YZm| H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a g_mO Ho$ Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ H$s àË oH$ J{V{d{Y`m| _| CÝ_wŠVídmg boZo bJmŸ& ^maV|Xw h[aíM§Ð H$s nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| _| A yVnyd© XoZ h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE CÝh| nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _|"ZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyVZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyVZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyVZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyVZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyV' H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& qhXr gm{hË` H$moe ^mJ - 2 _| ^maV|Xw Ho$ ~mao _| {bIm h¡ - ""^maV|Xwh[aíM§X« Zd wJ Ho$ "AJ«XyV' Am¡a qhXr gm{hË` _| AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$ OÝ_XmVm WoŸ& CZH$s aMZmE± Xoeào_ go AmoVàmoVh¢Ÿ& BÝhm|Zo VËH$mbrZ maVr` g_mO H$s gd©Vmo_wIr AYmoJ{V H$m öX`{dXmaH$ {MÌ A§{H$V {H$`m Am¡a CgHo$ mdrCÁÁdb ^{dî` H$m ñd{U©_ ñdßZ XoImŸ&'' qhXr, g§ñH¥$V, JwOamWr, _amR>r, ~§Jmbr, A§J«oOr Am¡a CXy© ^mfm gon[a{MV hmoH$a ^maV|Xw Zo AnZo {dMmam| H$m nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go gm_mÝ` OZVm VH$ àMma {H$`mŸ& "H${ddMZ gwYm' (1867), "h[aíM§Ð _¡JoOrZ' (1875) VWm "~mb~mo{YZr' CZH$s à{gX²Y n{ÌH$mE± h¢Ÿ&


(17) (17) (17) (17) (17)

CÝZgdt gXr Ho$ CÎmamY© _| ^maV Ho$ AZoH$ ZJam| _| AZoH$ n{ÌH$mAm| H$m {Z_m©U hþAm; {OZ_| qhXyàH$me, à`mJ XyV, {~hma ~§Yw, gwb^ g_mMma, ^maV n{ÌH$m, AmZ§X bhar, H$mer n{ÌH$m, ZmJar n{ÌH$m,O`nwa JOQ>, ^maV|Xw d¥§XmdZ, H$mer g_mMma, B§Xw, qhXwñVmZ, Am`m©dV© VWm ^maVmoX` Am{X à_wI h¢Ÿ& 1890 _|"qhXr ~§Jdmgr' H$m àH$meZ H$cH$Îmm go hþAmŸ& ewX²Y gm{hpË`H$ n{ÌH$m "ZmJar àMm[aUr n{ÌH$mZmJar àMm[aUr n{ÌH$mZmJar àMm[aUr n{ÌH$mZmJar àMm[aUr n{ÌH$mZmJar àMm[aUr n{ÌH$m' H$m àH$meZ1897 _| hþAmŸ& BgHo$ g§nmXZ _| em_gw§Xa Xmg, am_M§Ð ewŠb, am_M§Ð d_m©, M§ÐYa e_m© "Jwboar' Am{X _mÝ`dam|Zo moJXmZ {X`m h¡& emoY-n{ÌH$m Ho$ ê$n _| AZoH$ AkmV boIH$m| Am¡a H${d`m| H$s aMZmAm| H$mo Bg_| ñWmZ {_bm h¡&

gZ 1900 go "gañdVr n{ÌH$mgañdVr n{ÌH$mgañdVr n{ÌH$mgañdVr n{ÌH$mgañdVr n{ÌH$m' H$m àH$meZ Ama§ hþAmŸ& A~ nÌH$m[aVm H$s Ymam amîQ>r` MoVZm goào[aV hmoH$a _hmË_m Jm§Yr Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd _| AJ«o{gV amîQ>r` Am§XmobZ H$m g_W©Z H$aZo bJrŸ& amîQ>r`Vm Am¡a OZOmJ¥{VHo$ nj nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| _| _hÎdnyU© ah|Ÿ& {VbH$, _hmË_m Jm§Yr, Odmhabmb Zohê$ O¡go amOZoVm ^r nÌH$ma WoŸ&EH$ Amoa I‹S>r~mobr _| ì`mH$aU H$s ghm`Vm go {ZIma bm`m Om ahm Wm, Vmo Xygar Amoa {dXoer emgZ H$m à{VamoYAm¡a OmVr` CÝZ`Z H$m ñda WmŸ& qhXr àXrn, {gnmhr, Aä wX`, à^m, AOw©Z, dV©_mZ, H$_©dra, _mV¥ y{_ Am{X_| amîQ>r`Vm Ed§ Xoe^pŠV H$s ^mdZm àIaVm go {_bVr h¡Ÿ& amîQ>r` Am§XmobZm| go g§~X²Y "ñdamÁ`' Am¡a "àVmn'nÌ H$m _hÎd gdm©{YH$ h¡Ÿ& 1930 Ho$ g{dZ` Adkm Am§XmobZ H$m g_W©Z "AmO' Am¡a "àVmn' _| {_bVm h¡Ÿ&^maVr` OZVm Ho$ gmW ñdV§ÌVm g§Kf© _| qhXr nÌH$m[aVm Zo ^mJ {b`m h¡Ÿ& ~rgdt eVr Ho$ àma§ _| gañdVrn{ÌH$m (1900), g_mbmoMH$ (1901), J‹T>dmb g_mMma (1904), g§JrVm_¥V àdmh (1905), Aä wX` àMma(1907), _`m©Xm (1913), nmQ>brnwÌ (1914), {dídm{_Ì (1918), _mYwar (1922), _Vdmbm (1923), gwYm(1927), {demb ^maV (1928), h§g (1930) Am{X nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$m àH$meZ hþAmŸ& BZ_| gm{hpË`H$,amOZr{VH$ MoVZm Ho$ gmW ñdV§ÌVm H$m ñda h¡Ÿ& 1947 Ho$ nyd© àH$m{eV `moJr, ZdepŠV, {díd^maVr, gwXe©Z,amîQ>g§Xoe Am{X n{ÌH$mAm| _| amOZr{VH$, gm_m{OH$, gm{hpË`H$ J{V{d{Y`m± o _w»` {df` aho h¢Ÿ&

1947 _| maV ñdV§Ì hþAmŸ& d¡km{ZH$ Am{dîH$mam| go nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$mo Z`mnZ àmßV hþAmŸ& ZE g_rH$aUm|Ho$ gmW qhXr nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a {dH$mg _| n[adV©Z Am`mŸ& n{ÌH$mAm| H$s gmOgÁOm, H$boda Am¡a _wÐUà{d{Y _| n`m©ßV {dH$mg hþAm h¡Ÿ& bmoH$ê${M Ho$ gmW nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ê$I _| n[adV©Z Am`m h¡Ÿ& ñdV§ÌVm H$o$ ~mXqhXr _| qhXr {_bmn (h¡Xam~mX), AmO (dmamUgr), A_a COmbm (AmJam), mñH$a (Pmgr), OmJaU (H$mZnwa),qhXwñWmZ ({Xëbr), Zd^maV Q>mBåg ({Xëbr), n§Om~ Ho$gar (Omb§Ya), bmoH$_mÝ` (H$bH$Îmm), ZB© Xw{Z`m(B§Xm¡a), M§~b (H$moQ>m) Am{X nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$m {Z_m©U hþAm h¡Ÿ& AmnmV²H$mb qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m R>hamd q~XwahmŸ& AmnmV²H$mb Ho$ Cnam§V nÌH$m[aVm _| ì`mdgm{`H$ H«$m§{V AmB©Ÿ& AZoH$ ZE joÌ nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {dH$mg H«$_ _|AmE h¢Ÿ; {OZ_| ñdmñÏ`, {M{H$Ëgm, Y_©, Xe©Z, {dkmZ, Iob, CX² moJ, {\$ë_, H¥${f, _{hbm, hmñ` ì §½` Am{XH$m g_mdoe hþAm h¡Ÿ&

2.3.22.3.22.3.22.3.22.3.2 g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVÎd - g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ : g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVÎd - g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ : g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVÎd - g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ : g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVÎd - g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ : g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ho$ _ybVÎd - g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ :

g_mMma nÌ H$m g_mMma boIZ EH$ H$bm Am¡a {dkmZ ^r h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| Ho$ à^mdembr `moJ go gw{ZpíMVn[aUm_ nmR>H$m| na hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma boIZ _| `WmW©Vm, g§{jßVVm, amoMH$Vm Am¡a bmoH${hV H$s ajm hmoZrMm{hEŸ& nmR>H$ KQ>Zm H$m {ddaU ghr g_Po, Bg{bE g_mMma _| gyMZmË_H$Vm Am¡a VÏ`m| H$m g§H$bZ hmoZm


(18)(18)(18)(18)(18)

Mm{hEŸ& g§dmXXmVm AnZm AZw d, nÌH$mar` VH$ZrH$ H$m à`moJ H$aHo$ g_mMma boIZ H$mo à^mdr Am¡a amoMH$~ZmVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE g§doXZerbVm, H$ënZmerbVm, ^md àdUVm, aMZmË_H$Vm Am¡a AÀN>r ê${M O¡go JwUm| H$mhmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

"g_mMma g§H$bZ Am¡a boIZ' Ho$ g§~§Y _| Z§X{H$emoaZ§X{H$emoaZ§X{H$emoaZ§X{H$emoaZ§X{H$emoa Or {bIVo h¢, ""g_mMma boIZ Z Vmo {Z~§Y boIZh¡, Z nwñVH$ boIZ H$s H$bm Ho$ g_mZ h¡ Am¡a Z hr gm_mÝ` S>mH$-nÌm| H$s VahŸ& BgH$s AnZr H$bm h¡Ÿ&'' CÝhm|Zog_mMma boIZ Ho$ nm±M Amdí`H$ VËËd _mZo h¢Ÿ& 1) gabVm, 2) gwñnîQ>Vm, 3) VmaVå`, 4) Š`m, H$hm±, H$~,H¡$go, Š`m| Am¡a H$m¡Z BZ "H$' H$mam| Ho$ CÎma, 5) Amdí`H$ n¥îR> y{_Ÿ&

S>m°. AOw©Z {VdmarS>m°. AOw©Z {VdmarS>m°. AOw©Z {VdmarS>m°. AOw©Z {VdmarS>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar Zo g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {bE {ZåZm§{H$V à{H«$`mAm| H$mo _hÎdnyU© _mZm h¡Ÿ-

1. g_J« VÏ`m| H$mo g§H${bV H$aZmŸ&

2. H$Wm H$s H$m`m H$s `moOZm ~ZmZm Am¡a {bIZmŸ&

3. Am_wI {bIZmŸ&

4. n[aÀN>oXm| H$m {ZYm©aU H$aZmŸ&

5. dŠVm Ho$ H$WZ H$mo A{dH$b ê$n _| àñVwV H$aZmŸ&

6. ñÌmoVm| Ho$ g§Ho$V XoZmŸ&

g_mMma g§H$bZ g_mMma g§H$bZ g_mMma g§H$bZ g_mMma g§H$bZ g_mMma g§H$bZ :- OJV² EH$ {demb a§J_§M h¡ Am¡a OrdZ EH$ {dñV¥V H«$sS>m-ñWb h¡Ÿ& `hm± ha {XZAZ{JZV J{V{d{Y`m± hmoVr ahVr h¢, {OÝh| EH$ g_mMma nÌ _| g_oQ>Zm Ag§ d hmoVm h¡Ÿ& OZ{hV, g_mMma nÌH$s Zr{V VWm nmR>H$m| H$s A{^ê${M Ho$ AZwHy$b g_mMma MwZZo _| nÌH$ma AnZr g_PXmar Am¡a {ddoH$ ~wX²{Y gog\$b hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s Zr{V g_mMmam| Ho$ M`Z, boIZ Am¡a àñVwVrH$aU _| EH$ {ZUm© H$ VÎd hmoVrh¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| H$m g§H$bZ H$aVo g_` AZoH$mZoH$ g_mMmam| _| go _hÎdnyU© g_mMmam| H$m M`Z g§dmXXmVm H$mo H$aZmnS>Vm h¡Ÿ& KQ>ZmñWb, _mZdr` gwê${M, AmË_r`Vm Am¡a gm_rß` BZ _mnX§S>m| na g_mMmam| H$mo H$gH$a àñVwVH$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Omo KQ>ZmE± nmR>H$ Ho$ {ZH$Q> Am¡a BX©-{JX© K{Q>V hmoVr h¢, do nmR>H$m| H$mo A{YH$ à^m{dV H$aVr h¢Ÿ&Bg{bE ñWmZr` _hÎd VWm g_rn Ho$ g_mMmam| H$mo MwZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& ñWmZr` g_mMmam| go nmR>H$m| H$mo Bg ~mV H$mnVm bJ OmVm h¡ {H$ AnZo {ZH$Q>V_ joÌ _| Š`m K{Q>V hmo ahm h¡, AmS>mog nS>mog _| H$m¡Zgr pñW{V h¡ Am¡a CÝh|H$m¡Zgr ~mV| à^m{dV H$a ahr h¢Ÿ& {OZ g_mMma nÌm| _| ñWmZr` ZJa AWdm BbmHo$, ì`dgm` Am¡a Q>oS> w{Z`Z Ed§{dX² mb` VWm g§ñWm Ho$ g_mMma AmVo h¢, CÝh| AnZm g_mMma _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& ñWmZr` g_mMmam| H$mo g§H${bVH$aZo dmbo g§dmXXmVm Ho$ à{V nmR>H$m| H$m {deof Ü`mZ Mbm OmVm h¡, CZH$s Amoa AmXa H$s ÑpîQ> go XoIm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

nmR>H$m| H$s gwê${M Ho$ AZwê$n g_mMma g§H${bV H$aZo Ho$ {bE g§dmXXmVm H$mo AnZr H$ënZm epŠV Am¡aeãX{eën H$s ghm`Vm boZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ g_mMma nmR>H$m| H$mo gwê${M nyU© bJo Eogm Zht hmo gH$VmŸ& bo{H$Z Omo{_bVo h¢, CZ g_mMmam| _| OrdZ Am¡a g§gma Ho$ gßV a§Jm| H$s N>Q>m hmoJr, Vmo CZgo {d{dYVm àñVwV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& BggonmR>H$ g_mMma nÌ H$mo AË`{YH$ {XbMñnr go n‹T>Vm h¡Ÿ& d`ñH$ Am¡a àm¡T> nmR>H$m| Ho$ A{V[aŠV ~ÀMo Am¡a wdmdJ©^r g_mMma nÌ n‹T>Vo ahVo h¢Ÿ& o gmao AnZr-AnZr gwê${M go g_mMma nÌm| H$s Amoa XoIVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& g_mMmam| _|


(19) (19) (19) (19) (19)

gm_{`H$Vm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& g_mMma nÌm| _| {b{IV KQ>ZmAm| H$m g§~§Y nmR>H$m| Ho$ OrdZ go hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& {OggonmR>H$ AZw d H$a gHo$ {H$ g_mMma CgH$s gw{dYm, gwê${M Am¡a CgHo$ {hV Am¡a bm^ Ho$ {bE {bIo JE h¢Ÿ&gm_{`H$Vm, gm_rß` Am¡a AmË_r`Vm BZ VrZ JwUm| go wŠV "dmVm©' H$mo g_mMma H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ ~mag_mMma-nÌ {~Zm g¡a-n¡a H$s I~a|, gñVr bmoH${n« Vm àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE N>mnVo h¢Ÿ& CZgo Z Vmo amîQ> {hV Ho$~mao _| gmoMm OmVm h¡, Z BZgo nmR>H$m| H$mo {H$gr àH$ma H$m bm^ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ A§VJ©V g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s gw{dYm Ho$ {bE g_mMmam| H$m dJuH$aU Bg àH$ma {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡ -

1. amOZr{VH$ - J«m_, ZJa, {Obm, amÁ`, amîQ> Am¡a Am§VaamîQ>r` ñVaŸ&

2. gm_m{OH$ - aMZmË_H$ {dH$mg, OZñdmñÏ`, OZH$ë`mU, g_mO-gwYma, IobHy$X-{ejm OJV² Am{XŸ&

3. Am{W©H$ - Am¡X² mo{JH$, H¥${f, ahZ-ghZ H$m ñVa, l{_H$m| H$s g_ñ`mE±, _wZm\$mImoar, H$mbm~mOma,H$a, VñH$ar Am{XŸ&

4. gm§ñH¥${VH$ - VrO-Ë`m¡hma, gm{hË`, H$bm, Z¥Ë`, g§JrV, Ym{_©H$ na§namE± Am{XŸ&

5. _mZdr` gwê${M - ZdrZVm, gm_{`H$Vm, gm_rß`, ñd{hV, AgmYmaUVm, _mZdr` JwUm| Ed§ Xw~©bVmAm|H$m CX«oH$, ào_, B©î`m©, ghmZw y{V, gmhg, ^`, Ë`mJ, ñdmW©, ZmQ>H$s`Vm, XwK©Q>ZmE±, {dkmZ H$s ZB© ImoO|,Am{dîH$ma, new-n§N>r, àH¥${V, pñÌ`m|-~ÀMm| go g§~§{YV amoMH$ g_mMma Am{XŸ&

g_mMmam| H$m g§H$bZ H$aVo g_` g§dmXXmVm H$mo h_oem gVH©$ ahZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& _hÎdnyU© KQ>Zm, amOH$s`ZoVm H$m dŠVì`, àXe©Zr, hS>Vmb BÝht KQ>ZmAm| H$s OmZH$mar nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ _hÎdnyU© bJVr h¡Ÿ&{OZgo g_mMma {_bZo H$s g§ mdZm hmoVr h¡, CZ {deof ñWmZ gyÌm| Ed§ A{YH$mar bmoJm| go g§dmXXmVm H$mo gXmg§nH©$ aIZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& O¡go - g_mMma nÌm| Ed§ g{_{V`m| Ho$ XâVa, nw{bg ñQ>oeZ, {ObmYre H$m`m©b`, ameZH$m`m©b`, AñnVmb, ñ_emZ, aoëdo ñQ>oeZ, ~g-ñQ>m°n, H$Mhar, gaH$mar XâVa, ~±H$ Ed§ ~r_m H§$n{Z`m±,{díd{dX² mb`, H$mboO, amOZr{VH$ Xb, Q>oS> w{Z`Z, gyMZm {d^mJ, n ©Q>Z H$m`m©b` Am{XŸ&

O~ g_mMma nmR>H$m| Ed§ lmoVmAm| VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡, V~ g_mMma g§H$bZ H$m CX²Xoí` nyam hmoVm h¡Ÿ&g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ A{V[aŠV g_mMma àgmaU Ho$ AÝ` gmYZm| Ho$ {bE g_mMma g§H${bV H$aZo H$m AZw d g§dmXXmVmH$mo hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& g_mMma nÌ, ao{S>`mo, Q>obrìhrOZ Am{X Ho$ {bE g_mMma g§H$bZ Am¡a [anmo{Q>ªJ EH$ O¡gr hmoVrh¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo gwZZo, Q>obrìhrOZ XoIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ {df` hmoZo go CZH$s H$m ©àUmbr Am¡a à{H«$`m AbJ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&g_mMma nÌ n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE _w{ÐV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm nw{bg WmZm, Ý`m`mb`, AñnVmb, gaH$mar {d^mJgmjmËH$ma, àog H$m°Ý\«|$g (g§dmXXmVm g§_obZ), àog {dkmnZ, àog H$å w{ZHo$eZ, h¢S>{~b, AZm{YH¥$V h¡S> AmD$Q>,àmoñnoŠQ>, g_mMma g{_{V`m±, {dYmZ_§S>b Am{X go g_mMma g§H${bV H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma g§H$bZ EH$ H$bmh¡Ÿ& CgHo$ {bE à{V^m, H$ënH$Vm, gmhg Am¡a H${R>Z n[al_ H$s Amdí`H$Vm ahVr h¡Ÿ&


(20)(20)(20)(20)(20)

2.3.32.3.32.3.32.3.32.3.3 g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {d{dY Am`m_ :g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {d{dY Am`m_ :g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {d{dY Am`m_ :g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {d{dY Am`m_ :g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {d{dY Am`m_ :

g§dmXXmVm {d{^ÝZ òmoVm| go g_mMmam| H$m Am¡a VÏ`m| H$m g§H$bZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& CZ_| go _hÎdnyU© g_mMmam|H$mo MwZH$a dh CZH$m {d{YdV boIZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| H$m boIZ H$aZm EH$ H$bm h¡Ÿ& àm`: g_mMma Xmo àH$mago {bIo OmVo h¢ Ÿ-

1. {dbmo_ñVynr 1. {dbmo_ñVynr 1. {dbmo_ñVynr 1. {dbmo_ñVynr 1. {dbmo_ñVynr :- Bg g_mMma boIZ Ho$ A§VJ©V g~go _hÎdnyU© VÏ` H$mo gd© àW_ {bIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$o$ ~mXKQ>Vo _hÎd Ho$ AmYma na AÝ` VÏ`m| Ho$ g_mMma {bIo OmVo h¢Ÿ&`hm± ahñ`moX²KmQ>Z Ho$ ~mX eof g_mMmam| H$s aMZm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&àma§{^H$ g_mMmam| H$mo n‹T>Zo na nmR>H$ g~Hw$N> OmZVm h¡Ÿ&{dbmo_ñVynr g_mMma boIZ nX²Y[V _| erf©H$ bJmZo Ed§ g§nmXZ_| gw{dYm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& ñWmZm^md _| {X g_mMma H$m A§{V_ n[aÀN>oXhQ>mZo na ^r g_mMma H$m _yë` H$_ Zht hmoVmŸ& Cgo "CëQ>mCëQ>mCëQ>mCëQ>mCëQ>m{nam{_S>{nam{_S>{nam{_S>{nam{_S>{nam{_S>' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| KQ>Zm H$m Ma_moËH$f© nhboAmVm h¡Ÿ& ~mX _| H$_ _hÎd dmbo {ddaU Am¡a A§V _| g~go H$__hÎd dmbm eof ^mJ àñVwV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

2. ñVynr g§aMZm 2. ñVynr g§aMZm 2. ñVynr g§aMZm 2. ñVynr g§aMZm 2. ñVynr g§aMZm :- Bg_| g_mMma H$m àma§ g~go H$_ _hÎddmbo {ddaU go hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ZrMo H$s Amoa H«$_e: g_mMma Ho$_hÎdnyU© A§e {bIo OmVo h¢Ÿ& g~ go ZrMo gdm©{YH$ _hÎdnyU©A§e AWm©V Ma_moËH$f© AmVm h¡Ÿ& ñWmZm^md Ho$ A§VJ©V {dñV¥Vg_mMma Ho$ A§{V_ n[aÀN>oX H$mo hQ>mZo na g_mMma AYyam ~ZOmVm h¡Ÿ& ñVynr g_mMma àUmbr ^mfU, IobHy$X, emo m-`mÌm,àXe©Z, g_mamoh Am{X Ho$ A§VJ©V gr{_V ah JB© h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_ :-

g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ Cnam§V g_mMma boIZ H$s à{H«$`m ewê$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma boIZ Ho$ {bE H$Wm H$sH$m`m H$s moOZm ~ZmB© OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| KQ>Zm H$s OmZH$mar, KQ>Zm H$m CX²Xoí`, KQ>Zm à{H«$`m, KQ>Zm H$s n¥îR> y{_Bg H«$_ go aIH$a ahñ`moX²KmQ>Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& H$Wm H$m`m Ho$ AmYma na C{MV erf©H$ XoH$a g_mMma boIZ {H$`mOmVm h¡Ÿ&

2.3.3.1 g_mMma H$m erf©H$2.3.3.1 g_mMma H$m erf©H$2.3.3.1 g_mMma H$m erf©H$2.3.3.1 g_mMma H$m erf©H$2.3.3.1 g_mMma H$m erf©H$ :-g_mMma H$mo erf©H$ XoZm ~wX²{Ygå_V Am¡a Aä`mgOÝ` H$bm h¡Ÿ& erf©H$g_mMmam| Ho$ àmU hmoVo h¢Ÿ& erf©H$ _| hr g_mMma-gma, KQ>Zm-n[aUm_ Am¡a pñW{V H$mo g_oQ>m OmVm h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$m| H$mÜ`mZ AmH${f©V H$aZm, ê${M Ho$ AZwgma g_mMma Ty>±‹T>Zo _| ghm`Vm H$aZm Ed§ g§jon _| g_mMma H$m _yb md OmZZmerf©H$ Ho$ CX²Xoí` aho h¢Ÿ& erf©H$ {bIVo g_` {ZåZm§{H$V ~mVm| H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoZm Mm{hE -

1. erf©H$ _| g_mMma H$m _yb^md {Z{hV hmoŸ&


Š`m

H$hm±

H$~

H¡$go

Š`mo

(21) (21) (21) (21) (21)

2. {deofU AWdm A{^_V àH$Q> Z hmoŸ&

3. erf©H$ g§{jßV, gmW©H$, amoMH$, AmH$f©H$, gab Ed§ ñnîQ> hmoŸ&

4. erf©H$ yVH$mb _| Zht {bIZm Mm{hEŸ&

5. erf©H$ X²d`W©H$ Z hmoŸ&

6. Ho$db gw{d»`mV ì`pŠV Ho$ "Zm_', "CnZm_' H$m à`moJ hmoŸ&

7. AH$_©H$ {H«$`m H$m à`moJ H$_ hmoŸ&

2.3.3.2 ñÌmoVmo§ëboI2.3.3.2 ñÌmoVmo§ëboI2.3.3.2 ñÌmoVmo§ëboI2.3.3.2 ñÌmoVmo§ëboI2.3.3.2 ñÌmoVmo§ëboI :- g_mMma àmpßV Ho$ òmoV H$m CëboI erf©H$ Ho$ Cnam§V Am OmVm h¡Ÿ& `h òmoV g_mMmag{_{V, Ý yO ã yamo, {deof g§dmXXmVm AWdm ì`pŠVJV g§dmXXmVm Ho$ ê$n _| Cëbo{IV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bggog_mMma H$s {dídgZr`Vm ~‹T>Zo _| ghm`Vm {_bVr h¡Ÿ&

2.3.3.3 Am_wI2.3.3.3 Am_wI2.3.3.3 Am_wI2.3.3.3 Am_wI2.3.3.3 Am_wI :- g_mMma H$m àW_ n[aÀN>oX Am_wI H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& erf©H$, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma H$m eof mJBZ VrZm| Ho$ A§VJ©V "Am_wI' H$m {deof _hÎd hmoVm h¡Ÿ& "Am_wI' _| g_mMma Ho$ N>h "H$' H$mam| - Š`m ? H$~ ?H$hm± ? H¡$go ? H$m¡Z ? Š`m| ? H$m n[aM` hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& bo{H$Z `h AË`mdí`H$ {Z`_ Zht h¡Ÿ& {\$a ^r Š`m ?H$hm±? H$~ ? BZ VrZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Am_wI _| Adí` hmoZo Mm{hEŸ& H$m¡Z? Š`m| ? H¡$go ? BZ VrZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎmaAmdí`H$VmZwgma AÝ` n[aÀN>oXm| _| Am gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& nyao g_mMma H$mo Hw$N> n§pŠV`m| _| g_oQ>H$a nhbo n[aÀN>oX _o§{bIZm brSbrSbrSbrSbrS> AWdm Am_wI H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& Am_wI nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE bm^Xm`H$ Ed§ g_` ~MmZo dmbm hmoVm h¡Ÿ&Cng§nmXH$ H$mo ^r Am_wI go `h nVm bJ OmVm h¡ {H$ g_mMma àH$meZ Ho$ `mo½` h¡ AWdm Zht h¡Ÿ&

{dbmo_ñVynr g_mMmam| Ho$ A§VJ©V nyam gma nhbo n[aÀN>oX _| ahZo go nmR>H$ Ho$ {bE n‹T>Zm gw{dYmOZH$hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma H$m Am_wI ~ZmZm Hw$eb g§dmXXmVm Ed§ nÌH$ma H$s H$bm na {Z ©a hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _mZdr` gwê${MHo$ g_mMmam| _| Am_wI ~ZmZm H${R>Z H$m © hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ Eogo g_mMmam| _| ewê$ go A§V VH$ gmam H$boda Am_wIH$s Vah amoMH$ Am¡a {XbMñn hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma Ho$ àW_ dmŠ` _| hr CgH$s AmË_m Ho$ Xe©Z hmoZo Mm{hEŸ& N>moQ>oAm¡a gab dmŠ`m| Ho$ A§VJ©V Am_wI gmanyU©, g§{jßV Am¡a R>mog hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& Am_wI _w»` VÏ` Ho$ AmYma na grYoH$WZ go, à^mdnyU© ‹T>§J go {bIm OmZm Mm{hE, {Oggo nmR>H$ g_mMma n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Am_wI`WmW©naH$, g_mMma H$m nydm© mg XoZo dmbm Am¡a g_mMma H$s _yb MoVZm H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo dmbm hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

Am_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$ma - AZoH$ {dX²dmZm| Zo Am_wI Ho$ AZoH$ àH$mam| H$m CëboI {H$`m h¡Ÿ& àdrU Xr{jVàdrU Xr{jVàdrU Xr{jVàdrU Xr{jVàdrU Xr{jV Zo{deofVm Am¡a ñdê$n Ho$ AmYma na 21 (BŠH$sg) oX _mZo h¢Ÿ& E_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_W Zo Am_wI Ho$ Zm¡ (9) àH$mam| H$mo_mZm h¡Ÿ& S>m°.ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°.ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°.ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°.ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°.ào_ZmW MVwd}Xr Zo Am_wI Ho$ à_wI Xmo àH$ma (1) ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI, (2) VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI _mZo h¢Ÿ&

1. ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI1. ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI1. ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI1. ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI1. ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI - ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI dh h¡, {Og_| KQ>ZmMH«$ Am¡a {dMma àYmZ g_mMmam| H$mXmohZ H$a {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZo AWdm CgHo$ {bE àoaUm XoZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s OmVr h¡&

2. VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI2. VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI2. VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI2. VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI2. VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI - VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡, {Og_| KQ>ZmMH«$ H$mo {~Zm bmJ-bnoQ> Ho$_hÎd {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& H$^r H$^r {H$gr VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI H$mo r mdZm H$m nwQ> XoH$a A{YH$ amoMH$ Am¡a à^mdembr~Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&


(22)(22)(22)(22)(22)

Am_wI Ho$ AÝ` à_wI àH$ma - 1) g§{jßV Am_wI, 2) H$maVyg Am_wI, 3) CX²YaU Am_wI 5) àíZAm_wIŸ&

2.3.3.42.3.3.42.3.3.42.3.3.42.3.3.4g_mMma H$s eof aMZm g_mMma H$s eof aMZm g_mMma H$s eof aMZm g_mMma H$s eof aMZm g_mMma H$s eof aMZm :- g_mMma H$s eof aMZm Ho$ A§VJ©V VÏ`m| H$m H«$_~X²Y ê$n go g_m`moOZ{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& eof aMZm H$mo H$Wm H$m eara _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| g_mMma Ho$ CVma-MT>md Ho$ gmW ZE VÏ`g§OmoE OmVo h¢Ÿ& eof g_mMma _| VÏ`m| H$mo Imobm OmVm h¡Ÿ& n[aÀN>oXm| H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m aIH$a EH$ n[aÀN>oX _| EH$hr {dMma {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZgo g_mMma H$s nR>Zr`Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡ Am¡a amoMH$Vm _| d¥X²{Y hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

2.3.3.5 g_mMma H$s ^mfm2.3.3.5 g_mMma H$s ^mfm2.3.3.5 g_mMma H$s ^mfm2.3.3.5 g_mMma H$s ^mfm2.3.3.5 g_mMma H$s ^mfm :- g_mMma boIZ _| ^mfm H$s Amoa ^r Ü`mZ XoZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma {bIVo dŠVN>moQ>o-N>moQ>o dmŠ`m| H$m à`moJ H$aHo$ àM{bV eãX g_yhm| H$mo ñWmZ XoZm Mm{hEŸ& AàM{bV eãX, nm§{S>Ë` àXe©Z H$sàd¥{Îm go ~MZm Mm{hEŸ& g_mMma nÌ H$s ^mfm H$_ go H$_ eãXm| _| A{YH$ go A{YH$ A{^ì`pŠV H$s _m§J H$aVrh¡Ÿ& Bg{bE g§dmXXmVm H$mo eãXm| H$m nmaIr Am¡a eãX-{eënr hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& Š`m|{H$ eãXm| H$m {ZaW©H$ à`moJg_mMmam| H$m _hÎd KQ>mVm h¡Ÿ& EH$ hr àH$ma Ho$ eãXm| Am¡a dmŠ`m§em| H$m à`moJ g_mMmam| _| ~ma-~ma Zht hmoZmMm{hEŸ& ~mZ Am§Xm~mZ Am§Xm~mZ Am§Xm~mZ Am§Xm~mZ Am§Xm Zo g_mMma nÌ H$s ^mfm Ho$ ~mao _| {bIm h¡ {H$, ""AmnH$mo AnZr ^mfm H$m Eogm kmZ hmoZmMm{hE O¡gm EH$ g§JrV Vk H$mo AnZo dmX² H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Amn JbV eãXm| H$mo Cgr VËnaVm go Ty>±T> bo, {Og Vahg§JrVVk EH$ JbV "ZmoQ>' H$mo nH$S> boVm h¡Ÿ& Amn ImoOo Zht H$ënZm H$a|Ÿ& `{X AmnHo$ nmg {H$gr gr_m VH$H$ënZm H$m Cnhma h¡, Vmo Amn AnZo (nÌH$ma) ì`dgm` H$mo gwemo{^V H$aZo Ho$ gd©Wm `mo½` h¢Ÿ&''g_mMma boIH$H$mo ^mfm H$m ì`mH$aU, dmŠ`aMZm, {dam_{Mh²Zm| VWm kmZ {dkmZ Ho$ joÌm| H$s eãXmdbr H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

2.3.3.6 g_mMma g§jonZ2.3.3.6 g_mMma g§jonZ2.3.3.6 g_mMma g§jonZ2.3.3.6 g_mMma g§jonZ2.3.3.6 g_mMma g§jonZ :- g_mMma boIZ _| CgH$m g§jonZ ^r A{Zdm © hmoVm h¡, {Oggo H$_ eãXm| _|gdm©{YH$ OmZH$mar nmR>H$m| VH$ nhþ±MmZo _| ghm`Vm {_bVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE {ZåZm§{H$V ~mVm| H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoZmMm{hEŸ -

1. _yb g_mMma H$mo ~ma ~ma nT>H$a CgH$s _w»` ~mV| g§J«{hV H$a br OmE±Ÿ&

2. AZmdí`H$ eãX hQ>mZmŸ&

3. {deofUm| H$m AË`ën à`moJ H$aZmŸ&

4. ^mfUm| Ho$ g§jonZ _| nwZê$pŠV na {deof Ü`mZ XoZmŸ&

5. H$_©dmÀ` Am¡a ZH$mamË_H$ dmŠ`m| H$m à`moJ Z hmoŸ&

6. {dMmam| H$s H«$_~X²YVm §J Z hmoŸ&

7. g§dmXXmVm H$m A{^_V hQ>m {X`m OmEŸ&

8. g§jonZ H$m A{^boI `Wmg§ d AÝ` nwéf _| hr V¡ ma {H$`m OmEŸ&

2.3.3.7 {ZîH$f© 2.3.3.7 {ZîH$f© 2.3.3.7 {ZîH$f© 2.3.3.7 {ZîH$f© 2.3.3.7 {ZîH$f© :- g_mMma Ho$ {ZîH$f© Ho$ A§VJ©V g_mMma boIH$ AWdm g§dmXXmVm nyao KQ>ZmMH«$ Ho$ g§X © _|AnZr {Q>ßnUr AWdm am` àX{e©V H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dh nydm©J«hJ«ñV Zht hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& ~{ëH$ dh AmZo dmbo à^mdm| H$mon[ab{jV H$aZo dmbr Ed§ g§ mdZmAm| H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aZo dmbr hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&


(23) (23) (23) (23) (23)


A) A) A) A) A) {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go C{MV n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go C{MV n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go C{MV n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go C{MV n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| {XE JE n`m© m| _| go C{MV n`m© MwZH$a dmŠ` {\$a go {cpIEŸ&

1. g_mMma-nÌ H$m g_mMma boIZ EH$ H$bm Am¡a .............. ^r h¡Ÿ&

H$) {dkmZ {dkmZ {dkmZ {dkmZ {dkmZ I) Vm{H©$H$Vm J) gmhg K) ì`mnma

2. ........... g_mMmam| H$mo g§H${bV H$aZo dmbo g§dmXXmVm Ho$ à{V nmR>H$m| H$m {deof Ü`mZ Mbm OmVm h¡,CZH$s Amoa AmXa H$s ÑpîQ> go XoIm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) {dXoer I) àm§Vr` J) ñWmZr`ñWmZr`ñWmZr`ñWmZr`ñWmZr` K) H«$sS>m

3. gm_{`H$Vm, gm_rß` Am¡a AmË_r`Vm BZ VrZ JwUm| go wŠV ............ H$mo g_mMma H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§dmXXmVm I) nÌ J) OmZH$mar K) dmVm©dmVm©dmVm©dmVm©dmVm©

4. O~ g_mMma nmR>H$m| Ed§ lmoVmAm| VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡, V~ g_mMma g§H$bZ H$m ........ nyam hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) H$m_ I) CX²Xoí`CX²Xoí`CX²Xoí`CX²Xoí`CX²Xoí` J) ñdê$n K) H$m ©

5. g_mMma H$mo erf©H$ XoZm ~wX²{Ygå_V Am¡a Aä`mgOÝ` ........... h¡Ÿ&

H$) H$m_ $$$$$ I) H$bmH$bmH$bmH$bmH$bm J) {dkmZ K) gmhg

6. _mZdr` ........ Ho$ g_mMmam| _| Am_wI ~ZmZm H${R>Z H$m © hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§doXZm I) gwê${Mgwê${Mgwê${Mgwê${Mgwê${M J) Amdí`H$Vm K) H$bm

7. ......... H$mo "CëQ>m {nam{_S>' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) Am_wI I) ñVynr J) {dbmo_ ñVynr{dbmo_ ñVynr{dbmo_ ñVynr{dbmo_ ñVynr{dbmo_ ñVynr K) BZgoQ>

8. {dbmo_ ñVynr g_mMma boIZ _| KQ>Zm H$m Ma_moËH$f© ........ AmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) A§V _| I) ~rM _| J) ~mX _| K) nhbonhbonhbonhbonhbo

9. g_mMmam| _| ......... hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

H$) H$bmË_Vm I) gm_{`H$Vmgm_{`H$Vmgm_{`H$Vmgm_{`H$Vmgm_{`H$Vm J) Am{W©H$Vm K) {dg§dmXVm

10. KQ>ZmMH«$ go g§~§{YV g§dmXXmVm H$s {Q>ßnUr .......... Zht hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

H$) nydm©J«hJ«ñVnydm©J«hJ«ñVnydm©J«hJ«ñVnydm©J«hJ«ñVnydm©J«hJ«ñV I) AmJ«hJ«ñV J) ~o{gan¡a H$s K) {H«$`mË_H$

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am) {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&{ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$-EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE Ÿ&

1. g_mMma nÌm| _| {b{IV KQ>Zm H$m g§~§Y {H$ggo hmoZm Mm{hE?

2. Z§X{H$emoa Zo g_mMma boIZ Ho$ H$m¡Zgo VÎd _mZo h¢?

3. g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ {bE {H$Z JwUm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡?


(24)(24)(24)(24)(24)

4. H$m¡Zgr g§aMZm _| g_mMma H$m àma§ g~ go H$_ _hÎd dmbo {ddaU go hmoVm h¡?

5. erf©H$ H$m _yb CX²Xoí` H$m¡Z-gm h¡?

6. Am_wI {H$go H$hVo h¢?

7. g_mMma Ho$ àW_ dmŠ` _| hr {H$gHo$ Xe©Z hmoZo Mm{hE?

8. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _| "ZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyV' {H$go H$hm OmVm h¡?

9. g§àofU H$s {d{eîQ>Vm {H$gH$o$ {ebmboIm| _| {_bVr h¡?

10. gZ 1826 _| H$bH$Îmm go H$m¡Zgm qhXr g_mMma nÌ àH$m{eV hþAm ?


CÝ_wŠVCÝ_wŠVCÝ_wŠVCÝ_wŠVCÝ_wŠV - Iwbm g¥OZg¥OZg¥OZg¥OZg¥OZ - aMZm H$aZo H$s {H«$`m

R>hamdR>hamdR>hamdR>hamdR>hamd - pñWaVm {M{H$Ëgm{M{H$Ëgm{M{H$Ëgm{M{H$Ëgm{M{H$Ëgm - BbmO, amoJ Xya H$aZo H$s à{H«$`m

ñdmñÏ`ñdmñÏ`ñdmñÏ`ñdmñÏ`ñdmñÏ` - Amamo½` A{^ê${M A{^ê${M A{^ê${M A{^ê${M A{^ê${M - àmH¥${VH$ ê$PmZ, ng§X

VmaVå`VmaVå`VmaVå`VmaVå`VmaVå` - Ý yZm{YŠ` A{dH$b A{dH$b A{dH$b A{dH$b A{dH$b - Á`m| H$m Ë`m|, {~Zm CbQ> \o$a H$m

B©î`m© B©î`m© B©î`m© B©î`m© B©î`m© - X²dof

nydm©J«hnydm©J«hnydm©J«hnydm©J«hnydm©J«h - nhbo go {H$gr Ho$ {df` _| ~Zm aIr JB© YmaUm


A)A)A)A)A)

1) {dkmZ 2) ñWmZr` 3) dmVm© 4) CX²Xoí` 5) H$bm

6) gwê${M 7) {dbmo_ ñVynr 8) nhbo 9) gm_{`H$Vm 10) nydm©J«hJ«ñV

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. g_mMma nÌm| _| {b{IV KQ>Zm H$m g§~§Y nmR>H$m| Ho$ OrdZ go hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

2. Z§X{H$emoa Zo g_mMma nÌ Ho$ nm±M VÎd _mZo h¢ - gabVm, gwñnîQ>Vm, VmaVå`, Š`m, H$hm±, H$~, H¡$go,Š`m|, H$m¡Z BZ "H$' H$mam| Ho$ CÎma Am¡a Amdí`H$ n¥îR> y{_Ÿ&

3. g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ {bE à{V^m, H$ënH$Vm, gmhg Am¡a H${R>Z n[al_ H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

4. ñVynr g§aMZm _| g_mMma H$m àma§ g~ go H$_ _hÎd dmbo {ddaU go hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

5. nmR>H$m| H$m Ü`mZ AmH${f©V H$aZm, ê${M Ho$ AZwgma g_mMma Ty>±T>Zo _| ghm`Vm H$aZm Am¡a g§jon _|g_mMma H$m _yb ê$n OmZZm erf©H$ Ho$ CX²Xoí` h¢Ÿ&

6. nyao g_mMma H$mo Hw$N> n§pŠV`m| _| g_oQ>H$a nhbo n[aÀN>oX _| {bIZm Am_wI H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&


(25) (25) (25) (25) (25)

7. g_mMma Ho$ àW_ dmŠ` _| hr CgH$s AmË_m Ho$ Xe©Z hmoZo Mm{hEŸ&

8. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _| "ZdOmJaU H$m AJ«XyV' ^maV|Xw h[aíM§Ð H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

9. g§àofU H$s {d{eîQ>Vm AemoH$ Ho$ {ebmboIm| _| {_bVr h¡Ÿ&

10. gZ 1826 _| H$bH$Îmm go "CXÝV> _mV©ÊS>' qhXr g_mMma nÌ àH$m{eV hþAmŸ&


1. ^maV _| OZg§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ ê$n _| g_mMma nÌ Am¡a n{ÌH$mAm| H$m à_wI ñWmZ ahm h¡Ÿ&

2. ^maV _| A{YH$m§e nÌ n{ÌH$mE± àma§ _| A§J«oOm| X²dmam {ZH$mbr h¢Ÿ&

3. ^maV|Xw h[aíM§Ð H$s n{ÌH$mAm| _| A yVnyd© XoZ h¡Ÿ&

4. g_mMma boIZ EH$ H$bm Am¡a {dkmZ ^r h¡Ÿ&

5. g§dmXXmVm amOZr{VH$, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ joÌ go _mZdr` gwê${M Ho$ AZwgma g_mMmam| H$mg§H$bZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

6. g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_m| _| erf©H$, ñÌmoVmo§ëboI, Am_wI, g_mMma H$s eof aMZm, g_mMma H$s^mfm, g_mMma g§jonZ Am{X H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


1. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg H$mo ñnîQ> H$s{OEŸ&

2. g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ _yb VÎdm| H$mo g_PmBEŸ&

3. g_mMma boIZ Ho$ _w»` Am`m_m| na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&


1. _amR>r nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg H$s H$hmZr {bIH$a qhXr Am¡a _amR>r Ho$ nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$sVwbZm H$s{OEŸ&

2. {d{^ÝZ g_mMma nÌm| H$mo nT>H$a CZH$s ^mfm Am¡a H$m¡eb H$m n[aM` àmßV H$s{OEŸ&

3. _mZdr gwê${M go g§~§{YV {d{dY _wX²Xm| H$m g§H$bZ H$s{OEŸ&







(26)(26)(26)(26)(26)










14. àgma ^maVr Am¡a àgmX Zr{V - gwYre nMm¡ar






-----•-----


(27) (27) (27) (27) (27)g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V


g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Verf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm VWm \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVmerf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm VWm \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVmerf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm VWm \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVmerf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm VWm \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVmerf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm VWm \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm

g_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoV




3.3.1 g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V - erf©H$sH$aU

3.3.2 g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg

3.3.3 g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V - Am_wI

3.3.4 g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V - g_mMma-nÌ H$s ì`dñWm

3.3.5 g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V - \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm

3.3.6 g_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoV









1. g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V Ho$ ê$n _| erf©H$sH$aU go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&

2. g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V Ho$ A§VJ©V n¥îR> {dÝ`mg H$s H$bm g_P gH|$JoŸ&

3. g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V Ho$ A§VJ©V Am_wI H$m n[aM` àmßV H$a|JoŸ&

4. g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V Ho$ A§VJ©V g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm à{H«$`m g_P OmE±JoŸ&

(28)(28)(28)(28)(28)

5. g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V Ho$ A§VJ©V \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ _hÎd go n[a{MV hmo OmE§JoŸ&

6. g_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVm| go n[aMV hmo OmE§JoŸ&


g_mMmam| H$m g§nmXZ EH$ H$bm h¡Ÿ& dh EH$ H${R>Z H$m_ h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ {bE n[al_, Aä`mg, {ZnwUVm H$sAmdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g§nmXZ H$m H$m_ CÎmaXm{`ËdnyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma ñWmZr`, àm§Vr`, amîQ>r` Ed§ A§Vam©îQ>r`hþAm H$aVo h¢, {OÝh| nT>H$a nmR>H$ K{Q>V KQ>ZmAm| go n[a{MV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$ àW_ n¥îR> go boH$a A§{V_ n¥îR> VH$g_mMma nÌ H$mo {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go gOmH$a noe H$aVm h¡, {OZ_| g_mMma à_wI hmoVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$s àñVw{V H$bmË_H$Vmgo hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vm| _| go Hw$N> Bg àH$ma aho h¢Ÿ -


3.3.13.3.13.3.13.3.13.3.1 erf©H$sH$aU :erf©H$sH$aU :erf©H$sH$aU :erf©H$sH$aU :erf©H$sH$aU :

g§dmXXmVm g_mMmam| H$m g§H$bZ H$aZo Ho$ Cnam§V g_mMmam| H$m boIZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma H$mo AmH$f©H$~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Cgo erf©H$ {XE OmVo h¢Ÿ& erf©H$ ñnîQ>, AW©nyU© Am¡a Ord§V hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g_mMma nT>Zo Ho$ nhbo erf©H$hr nmR>H$m| H$m Ü`mZ AmH${f©V H$aVo h¢Ÿ& erf©H g_mMma H$s AmË_m h¡, {Og_| g_mMma H$m gma, KQ>Zm n[aUm_Am¡a pñW{V H$m g§Ho$V ahVm h¡Ÿ& AmH$f©H$, gw~moY, n¡Zo, MQ>nQ>o Ed§ {dídgZr` erf©H$ g_mMma go g§~§{YV ^mdAm¡a VÏ` H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZo H$s j_Vm aIVo h¢Ÿ& AmH$medmUr Am¡a XyaXe©Z go àH$m{eV g_mMma ^r erf©H$ H$m_hÎd ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢Ÿ& erf©H$ nmR>H$m| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aVo h¢Ÿ& erf©H$ g_mMma nÌ Ho$ {dkmnZ ~ZH$a nmR>H$m| H$mog_mMma nÌ IarXZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` H$aVo h¢Ÿ& n[aUm_V: g_mMmam| H$m erf©H$sH$aU H$aVo dŠV {ZåZm§{H$V ~mVm|H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoZm Mm{hEŸ&

1. erf©H$ N>moQ>m hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

2. erf©H$ gmW©H$ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

3. erf©H$ gab Ed§ ñnîQ> hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

4. erf©H$ _| g§nyU© g_mMma H$m ^md~moY H$amZo H$s j_Vm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

5. erf©H$ amoMH$ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

6. erf©H$ boIZ _| yVH$mb H$m à`moJ Zht H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

7. erf©H$ g§{jßV Ed§ gOrd hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

8. erf©H$ Ed§ g_mMma _| gm_§Oñ` hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

9. erf©H$ _| {deofU AWdm A{^_V ì`ŠV Zht hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

10. erf©H$ _| g_mMma H$m ~moY H$amZo H$s j_Vm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

11. erf©H$ ñdV:nyU© hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vg§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§V

(29) (29) (29) (29) (29)

12. erf©H$ _|$ g_mMma-nÌ H$s n¥îR> gÁOm H$s gm_Ï © hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

13. erf©H$ Ho$ Aja ~S>o, M_H$sbo Q>mBn Ho$ hmoZo Mm{hEŸ&

14. erf©H$ _| gw{d»`mV ì`pŠV Ho$ Zm_, CnZm_ H$m à`moJ hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

15. erf©H$ X²d`mW©H$ Zht hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

16. erf©H$ _| Am{lV CndmŠ`m| H$mo {H$gr g§ moOH$ Ho$ X²dmam Z OmoS>H$a AY© {dam_ {Mh²Zm| H$m à`moJ H$aZmMm{hEŸ&

17. erf©H$ _| AH$_©H$ {H«$`m H$m `Wmg§ d H$_ à`moJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

g_mMma nÌm| _| erf©H$ {Z_m©U H$s {deof à{H«$`m AnZmB© OmVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| _| {ZåZm§{H$V erf©H$ga§MZmAm| H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& H«$mg bmB©Z erf©H$, S>m°n bmB©Z erf©H$, {dbmo_ gmonmZr erf©H$, nyU©nmVr erf©H$,âbe b¡âQ> erf©H$, {dbmo_ ñVynr erf©H$, h¢qJJ B§S>oeZ erf©H$, ñŠdm`a B§S>oeZ erf©H$, H${Q> erf©H$, H$nmbrerf©H$, nVmH$m erf©H$, JJZaoIm erf©H$, ñQ>on cmB©Z erf©H$, ~obZmH$ma erf©H$, ñàoS> erf©H$ Am{XŸ&BZ_| go Amdí`H$VmZwgma erf©H$ H$m M`Z H$aHo$ g_mMma H$mo C{MV erf©H$ {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

àW_ ÑpîQ> _| hr g_mMma H$m _yb ^md ~VmZm, ê${M Ho$ AZwHy$b g_mMma ImoOZo _| ghm`Vm H$aZm,g_mMma H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZm, nÌ Ho$ ì`pŠVËd H$mo C^maZm, nmR>H$m| H$s g§»`m _| d¥X²{Y H$aZm Am{X g_mMma Ho$erf©H$m| Ho$ CX²Xoí` aho h¢Ÿ&

3.3.23.3.23.3.23.3.23.3.2 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg :n¥îR> {dÝ`mg :n¥îR> {dÝ`mg :n¥îR> {dÝ`mg :n¥îR> {dÝ`mg :

AmO Ho$ d¡km{ZH$ à{V`mo{JVm wJ H$m à^md g_mMmam| na ^r nS>m h¡Ÿ& à{VñnYm© Ho$ H$maU g_mMmam| H$mo{dídgZr`Vm Am¡a AmH$f©H$ àñVwVrH$aU H$s ÑpîQ> go _hÎdnyU© H$m © H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& gw§Xa {XIZo H$s MoîQ>m hrn¥îR> {dÝ`mg h¡Ÿ& Bg_|o H$m¡Zgo g_mMma H$hm±, H¡$go àH$m{eV hmo, H$m¡Zgo n¥îR> a§JrV hmo BZ na {dMma {H$`m OmVmh¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ àH$meZ Ho$ nyd© CgH$m {S>OmBZ, n¥îR>m| H$s nyar g§aMZm, g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ, CgH$m bo AmD$Q>Am{X H$mo boH$a {ZåZm§{H$V VÏ`m| na {dMma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ-

1. g_mMmam| Am¡a CZHo$ {d{^ÝZ ñV§ m| H$mo Ano{jV AmH$ma Am¡a ñWmZ XoZmŸ&

2. nÌ H$mo ZE a§J-ê$n XoH$a AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZmŸ&

3. g_mMmam| H$mo `WmH«$_ àñVw{V àXmZ H$a AZwHy$b g_mMma H$mo ImoOZo _| gh`moJ XoZmŸ&

4. g_mMma Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| H$mo loUr~X²Y H$a n¥îR> {ZYm©[aV H$aZmŸ&

3.3.2.1 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ H$maH$3.3.2.1 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ H$maH$3.3.2.1 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ H$maH$3.3.2.1 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ H$maH$3.3.2.1 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ H$maH$ :- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg H$mo g_mMma nÌ H$m dmñVwemñÌ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| H$bm{d^mJ, g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ Am¡a _wÐU {d^mJ H$m _hÎdnyU© gh`moJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s gm_J«r gwê${MnyU©~ZmZm n¥îR> {dÝ`mg H$m _yb CX²Xoí` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE {ZåZm§{H$V VÎdm| H$m Ü`mZ aIZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ -


(30)(30)(30)(30)(30)

3.3.2.1.1 g§VwbZ (3.3.2.1.1 g§VwbZ (3.3.2.1.1 g§VwbZ (3.3.2.1.1 g§VwbZ (3.3.2.1.1 g§VwbZ (Balance))))) :- erf©H$, {dkmnZ Am¡a {MÌ AmZwnm{VH$ ê$n _| ì`dpñWV H$aZo go g_mMmanÌ _| J§ raVm Am¡a {dídgZr`Vm ahVr h¡Ÿ&

3.3.2.1.2 {damoYm^mg (3.3.2.1.2 {damoYm^mg (3.3.2.1.2 {damoYm^mg (3.3.2.1.2 {damoYm^mg (3.3.2.1.2 {damoYm^mg (Contrast) ) ) ) ) :- {d{dY àH$ma H$s Q>mBn goqQ>J VWm {damoYm^mgr àñVwVrH$aU gog_mMma nÌm| H$mo AmH${f©V {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& g~go AbJ {XIZo H$s àd¥{Îm Bg_| {dX² _mZ ahVr h¡Ÿ&

3.3.2.1.3 \$moH$g q~Xw (3.3.2.1.3 \$moH$g q~Xw (3.3.2.1.3 \$moH$g q~Xw (3.3.2.1.3 \$moH$g q~Xw (3.3.2.1.3 \$moH$g q~Xw (Focus Point) ) ) ) ) :- g_mMmam| H$s Amoa nmR>H$m| H$m {deof Ü`mZ AmH${f©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE\$moH$g q~Xw nÌ Ho$ ~mB© Amoa Ho$ D$nar {hñgo _| àñVwV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AÝ` n¥îR>m| Ho$ _hÎdnyU© g_mMmam| H$o$g§Ho$V BggoàmßV hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

3.3.2.1.4 J{V (3.3.2.1.4 J{V (3.3.2.1.4 J{V (3.3.2.1.4 J{V (3.3.2.1.4 J{V (Movement) ) ) ) ) :- BgH$m AmYma _Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$ g_mMmam| H$mo gagar {ZJmhm| goXoIVm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ ZoÌm| H$s J{V H$mo Hw$N> _hÎdnyU© g_mMma nH$S>Vo h¢& n¥îR> {dÝ`mg g_mMma nT>Zo H$o${bE nmR>H$H$mo ~mÜ` H$a XoVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.2.1.5 g§J{V (3.3.2.1.5 g§J{V (3.3.2.1.5 g§J{V (3.3.2.1.5 g§J{V (3.3.2.1.5 g§J{V (Harmony))))) :- Cn w©ŠV Mmam| _| Vmb_ob {~R>mZm g§J{V h¡Ÿ&

3.3.2.23.3.2.23.3.2.23.3.2.23.3.2.2 n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ àH$ma :- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ àH$ma :- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ àH$ma :- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ àH$ma :- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ àH$ma :-

3.3.2.2.1 gaH$g gmO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.1 gaH$g gmO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.1 gaH$g gmO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.1 gaH$g gmO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.1 gaH$g gmO {dÝ`mg :- n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {Z`_m| H$s AdhobZm H$aHo$ _Z_mZo T>§J go bo AmCQ> àñVwVH$aHo$ {damoYm^mg H$mo _hÎd XoZm gaH$g gmO {dÝ`mg _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.2.2.2 ~«oHo$Z noO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.2 ~«oHo$Z noO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.2 ~«oHo$Z noO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.2 ~«oHo$Z noO {dÝ`mg3.3.2.2.2 ~«oHo$Z noO {dÝ`mg :- Bg_| g§VwbZ H$s Cnojm H$aHo$ nyam n¥îR> AZoH$ I§S>m| _| ~m±Q>H$a g_mMma EH$ hrnX²Y{V go àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&

3.3.2.2.3 Q>o~ëdm`S> _oH$An3.3.2.2.3 Q>o~ëdm`S> _oH$An3.3.2.2.3 Q>o~ëdm`S> _oH$An3.3.2.2.3 Q>o~ëdm`S> _oH$An3.3.2.2.3 Q>o~ëdm`S> _oH$An :- N>moQ>o AmH$ma dmbo nÌ Q>o~ëdm`S> H$ho OmVo h¢Ÿ& Bg_| gZgZrIoO g_mMma hmoVoh¢Ÿ&

n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© ~mV| -n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© ~mV| -n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© ~mV| -n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© ~mV| -n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© ~mV| -

1. _hÎdnyU© g_mMma, ñWmZr` g_mMma, àXoe, Xoe, ~mOma, Iob, _{hbm, g§nmXH$s`, AJ«boI, ~mbOJV², {\$ë_ Am{X Ho$ {bE n¥îR>m§o H$m {d^mOZŸ&

2. _hÎdnyU© g_mMma àW_ n¥îR> na g~ go D$naŸ&

3. _hÎd Ho$ AmYma na Q>mBn H$m AmH$maŸ&

4. erf©H$m| _| g§VwbZ hmoŸ&

5. ~mŠg g_mMma {dkmnZ `m {MÌ go gQ>m hþAm Z hmoŸ&

6. Q>mBnmoJ«m\$s Am¡a bo-AmCQ> H$m nyam kmZ aIm OmEŸ& Q>mBn gmBO _| AmH$f©H$ g_m`moOZ, CnbãY g_mMmam|,aoIm§H$Zm| Am¡a {MÌm| Am{X Ho$ ghr {dÝ`mg go noO H$mo gOmZm Mm{hEŸ&

7. _¡Q>a _| H$moB© Xmof Z ah OmE, Bg{bE n¥îR> {dÝ`mg H$m àma§ H$aZo go nyd© g_mMmam| H$m A§{V_ ày\$ XoIZmMm{hEŸ&


(31) (31) (31) (31) (31)

8. g_mMmam| H$m àmê$n nhbo go V¡ ma H$aHo$ n¥îR> {dÝ`mg Ho$ {bE n¥îR> H$s nopñQ>J H$s OmEŸ&

9. erf©H$ goqQ>J _| _moQ>o Am¡a nVbo erf©H$m| H$m g_Ýd` ~Zm ahoŸ&

10. g_mMma nÌ _| {ZMbo {hñgo _| {dkmnZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg{bE {MÌ gm_mÝ`V`m n¥îR> Ho$ D$nar {hñgo na {XEOmEŸ& {MÌ Aàmg§{JH$ Zht hmoZo Mm{hEŸ&

11. BZgoQ> g_mMma H$m erf©H$ _w»` g_mMma erf©H$ go ~S>m Zht hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

12. _hÎdnyU© g_mMma n¥îR> Ho$ D$na AmVo h¢Ÿ& AÝ`Ì ^r amoMH$Vm ~Zr aho, Bg{bE {deof g_mMma hmoZoMm{hEŸ&

13. H$mbo erf©H$ EH$ hr H«$_ go Z AmEŸ& BZgo ~mo{PbVm ~T>Vr h¡Ÿ&

14. {dñV¥V g_mMmam| Ho$ eofm§e AJbo n¥îR> na hmoVo h¢Ÿ& eofm§e ZE n¡ao go àma§ H$aZo Ho$ ~Xbo AYyao dmŠ` goVmoS>o OmE±Ÿ&

15. {OZ g_mMmam| Ho$ {bE n¥îR> {ZYm©[aV {H$E h¢, dhr g_mMma Cg n¥îR> na hmoŸ&

16. n¥îR> {dÝ`mg _| g§nmXH$s` Zr{V H$m nmbZ {H$`m OmEŸ&

~mŠg~mŠg~mŠg~mŠg~mŠg - nhbo ~mŠg _| Ho$db _Zmoa§OH$ g_mMma {XE OmVo WoŸ& AmO g_mMma \$moH$g H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go^r ~mŠg aIo OmVo h¢Ÿ& n¥îR> {dÝ`mg H$s ÑpîQ> go ~mŠg EH$ A{Zdm © VÎd Ho$ ê$n _| ahVm h¡Ÿ&

BZgoQ>BZgoQ>BZgoQ>BZgoQ>BZgoQ> - _w»` g_mMma Ho$ nyaH$ {ddaU Ho$ gmW BZgoQ> g_mMma AmVm h¡Ÿ& `h H$^r Iwbo ê$n _| OwS>Vmh¡, Vmo H$^r ~mŠg ê$n _| OwS>Vm h¡Ÿ& BZgoQ> H$m AmH$ma _yb g_mMma go N>moQ>m Am¡a erf©H$ ^r EH$ n§pŠV H$m hmoVmh¡Ÿ& BZgoQ> go _w»` g_mMma H$m _hÎd ~T> OmVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.33.3.33.3.33.3.33.3.3 Am_wI :Am_wI :Am_wI :Am_wI :Am_wI :

erf©H$ Ho$ Cnam§V nmR>H$m| H$m Ü`mZ grYo Am_wI na nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Am_wI H$mo CXy© Ho$ nÌH$ma _wIS>m_wIS>m_wIS>m_wIS>m_wIS>m H$hVo h¢Ÿ&Am_wI H$mo g_mMma H$m àdoe X²dma ^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Am_wI H$s g\$bVm CgH$s g§{jßVVm na {Z ©a hmoVr h¡Ÿ&H$_ eãXm| _| A{YH$ g§Xoe XoZm Am_wI H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s nR>Zr`Vm à^mdnyU© ~ZmZo _| Am_wIH$s ghm`Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Am_wI H$m CX²Xoí` H$_ g_` _| nmR>H$m| H$mo g§nyU© g_mMma go AdJV H$amZo H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ&_mZdr` nj H$mo Am_wI _| {deof _hÎd {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma H$m àW_ n[aÀN>oX Am_wI H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& erf©H$, Am_wI Am¡a g_mMma H$m eof ^mJ BZ VrZm|Ho$ A§VJ©V "Am_wI' H$m {deof _hÎd hmoVm h¡Ÿ& "Am_wI' _| g_mMma Ho$ N>h "H$' H$mam| - Š`m? H$~? H$hm±? H¡$go?H$m¡Z? Š`m|? H$m n[aM` hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& bo{H$Z `h AË`mdí`H$ {Z`_ Zht h¡Ÿ& {\$a ^r Š`m? H$hm±? H$~? BZVrZm| Ho$ CÎma Am_wI _| Adí` hmoZo Mm{hEŸ& H$m¡Z? Š`m|? H¡$go? BZ VrZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Amdí`H$VmZwgma AÝ`n[aÀN>oXm| _| Am gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& nyao g_mMma H$mo Hw$N> n§pŠV`m| _| g_oQ>H$a nhbo n[aÀN>oX _| {bIZm Am_wI H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&Am_wI nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE bm^Xm`H$ Ed§ g_` ~MmZo dmbm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Cng§nmXH$ H$mo$ r Am_wI go h nVm bJ OmVmh¡ {H$ g_mMma àH$meZ Ho$ `mo½` h¡ AWdm Zht h¡Ÿ&


(32)(32)(32)(32)(32)

{dbmo_ñVynr g_mMmam| Ho$ A§VJ©V nyam gma nhbo n[aÀN>oX _| ahZo go nmR>H$ Ho$ {bE nT>Zm gw{dYmOZH$hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma H$m Am_wI ~ZmZm Hw$eb g§dmXXmVm Ed§ nÌH$ma H$s H$bm na {Z ©a hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _mZdr` gwê${MHo$ g_mMmam| _| Am_wI ~ZmZm H${R>Z H$m © hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ Eogo g_mMmam| _| ewê$ go A§V VH$ gmam H$boda Am_wIH$s Vah amoMH$ Am¡a {XbMñn hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma Ho$ àW_ dmŠ` _| hr CgH$s AmË_m Ho$ Xe©Z hmoZo Mm{hEŸ& N>moQ>oAm¡a gab dmŠ`m| Ho$ A§VJ©V Am_wI gmanyU©, g§{jßV Am¡a R>mog hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& Am_wI _w»` VÏ` Ho$ AmYma na grYoH$WZ go, à^mdnyU© T>§J go {bIm OmZm Mm{hE ; {Oggo nmR>H$ g_mMma nT>Zo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Am_wI`WmW© naH$, g_mMma H$m nydm© mg XoZo dmbm Am¡a g_mMma H$s _yb MoVZm H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo dmbm hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

3.3.33.3.33.3.33.3.33.3.3 Am_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$maAm_wI Ho$ àH$ma :- AZoH$ {dX²dmZm| Zo Am_wI Ho$ AZoH$ àH$mam| H$m CëboI {H$`m h¡Ÿ& àdrU Xr{jV àdrU Xr{jV àdrU Xr{jV àdrU Xr{jV àdrU Xr{jV Zo{deofVm Am¡a ñdê$n Ho$ AmYma na BŠH$sg (21) oX _mZo h¢Ÿ& E_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_WE_². ~r. H$m_W Zo Am_wI Ho$ Zm¡ (9) àH$mam| H$mo_mZm h¡Ÿ& S>m°. ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°. ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°. ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°. ào_ZmW MVwd}XrS>m°. ào_ZmW MVwd}Xr Zo Am_wI Ho$ à_wI Xmo àH$ma 1) ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI, 2) VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI _mZo h¢Ÿ&

3.3.3.1 ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.1 ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.1 ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.1 ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.1 ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI :- ^mdmË_H$ Am_wI dh h¡, {Og_| KQ>ZmMH«$ Am¡a {dMmaàYmZ g_mMmam| H$m XmohZH$a {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZo AWdm CgHo$ {bE àoaUm XoZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&

3.3.3.2 VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.2 VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.2 VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.2 VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI3.3.3.2 VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI :- VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡, {Og_| KQ>ZmMH«$ H$mo {~Zm bmJ-bnoQ> Ho$_hÎd {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& H$^r H$^r {H$gr VÏ`mË_H$ Am_wI H$mo r mdZm H$m nwQ> XoH$a A{YH$ amoMH$ Am¡a à^mdembr~Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

Am_wI Ho$ AÝ` àH$mam| H$mo$ Bg Vah {JZm`m Om gH$Vm h¢ - gmam§e Am_wI, {dñV¥V Am_wI, XwK©Q>ZmAm_wI, CX²YaU Am_wI, gypŠV Am_wI, n§M Am_wI, àíZmW©H$ Am_wI, Cnm»`mZ Am_wI, Amb§H$m[aH$ Am_wI,H$maVyg Am_wI, AmO Am_wI, {Zbpå~V A{^ê${M Am_wI, AZwg§YmZ Am_wI, ì`m»`mË_H$ Am_wI, Amn-_¢ Am¡ah_ Am_wI, {dñ_`H$mar Am_wI, VwbZmË_H$ Am_wI, H$b AmO Am¡a H$b Am_wI, ahñ`amo_m§M Am_wI, Am{lVdmŠ`m§e Am_wI, ~hþH$mb_r Am_wI Am{XŸ&

3.3.43.3.43.3.43.3.43.3.4 g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWmg_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWmg_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWmg_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWmg_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm :- {H$gr ^r H$m`m©b`, g§ñWm Am{X H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bEA{YH$m[a`m|, godH$m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& H$m_ H$aZo dmbo bmoJm| H$s g§»`m H$m ©{dñVma VWm g§ñWm H$sAm{W©H$ pñW{V Ho$ AZwgma H$_-A{YH$ hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ A§VJ©V nÌ H$m _m{bH$, g§nmXH$Am¡a àH$meH$ BZ VrZm| H$m hmoZm AË §V Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& N>moQ>o Jm§dm| Am¡a H$ñ~m| _| g_mMma nÌm| _| EH$ hr ì`pŠVH$m EH$m{YH$ma hmoVm h¡Ÿ& EH$ hr AmX_r _m{bH$, g§nmXH$ VWm àH$meH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& dh ñd § nÌ Ho$ àgma, àMmaAm¡a {dkmnZ H$m H$m_ g§ mbVm h¡Ÿ& EH$mY Xygao g§dmXXmVm AWdm H$_©Mm[a`m| H$s {Z wpŠV H$s OmVr h¡ Am¡a H$m_H$s nyV©Vm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& _Ü`_ VWm ~‹S>o g_mMma nÌm| _| {d^mJm|, A{YH$m[a`m| VWm H$_©Mm[a`m| H$s g§»`m A{YH$hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {dñVma H$m © dmbo g_mMma nÌm| H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE g_mMma nÌm| H$s ì`dñWm àemgH$s`{d^mJ, {dËV {d^mJ, H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ, g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ, ày\$ emoYZ {d^mJ, H$ånmoqOJ {d^mJ, {dkmnZ{d^mJ, N>nmB© {d^mJ, {~H«$s AWdm {dVaU {d^mJ Am{X {d^mJm| _| {d^m{OV H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&


(33) (33) (33) (33) (33)

3.3.4.1 àemgH$s` {d^mJ3.3.4.1 àemgH$s` {d^mJ3.3.4.1 àemgH$s` {d^mJ3.3.4.1 àemgH$s` {d^mJ3.3.4.1 àemgH$s` {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Administrative Department))))) :- Bg {d^mJ H$m à_wI _hmà~§YH$AWdm à~§YH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `h {d^mJ g_mMma nÌ Ho$ _m{bH$m| H$s Zr{V H$m AZwnmbZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$àH$meZ Ho$ {bE gmYZ Ed§ gw{dYm OwQ>mZo H$m H$V©ì` {Z^mVm h¡Ÿ& {dñVma H$m © Ho$ AZwgma EH$ AWdm EH$ go A{YH$àemgH$s` à~§YH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& {d^mJr` H$m`m] H$mo nyam H$aZo H$s {Oå_oXmar BZ na hmoZo go AÝ` H$_©Mm[a`m| Ho${Z wpŠV H$s {Oå_oXmar BZ na hmoVr h¡Ÿ& à_wI à~§YH$ àemgH$s` {Oå_oXmar {Z^mVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.2 H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ3.3.4.2 H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ3.3.4.2 H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ3.3.4.2 H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ3.3.4.2 H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Establishment Department))))) :- Bg {d^mJ Ho$ A§VJ©V H$_©Mm[a`m| H$mgpìh©g [aH$mS>© AmVm h¡Ÿ& H$_©Mm[a`m| H$s nXmoÝZ{V, doVZd¥X²{Y, Nw>{Q²>Q>`m±, godm g§~§Yr {Z`_ Am{X H$s {Oå_oXmarBg {d^mJ na hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.3 {dÎm {d^mJ3.3.4.3 {dÎm {d^mJ3.3.4.3 {dÎm {d^mJ3.3.4.3 {dÎm {d^mJ3.3.4.3 {dÎm {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Finance Department) ) ) ) ) :- Bg {d^mJ H$m à_wI H$m_ H$m`m©b` Ed§ nÌ H$sAm{W©H$ pñW{V gwÑT> ~ZmZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ Ho$ X²dmam A{YH$m[a`m| H$mo Am{W©H$ pñW{V go AdJV H$am`m OmVmh¡Ÿ& Am`-ì`` _| g§VwbZ aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ (3.3.4.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ (3.3.4.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ (3.3.4.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ (3.3.4.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ (Editorial Department))))) :- g_mMma nÌ H$m g~ go _w»` {d^mJ g§nmXH$s`{d^mJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ Ho$ à_wI H$mo _w»` g§nmXH$ AWdm g§nmXH$ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& EH$ hr g_mMma nÌ EH$ goA{YH$ amÁ`m| go àH$m{eV hmoVm hmo, Vmo àË oH$ amÁ` _| EH$ ñWmZr` g§nmXH$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a do _w»` g§nmXH$ H$m_mJ©Xe©Z nmVo h¢Ÿ& Xygao ñWmZ na _hÎdnyU© A{YH$mar Ho$ ê$n _| g_mMma g§nmXH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ A§VJ©V EH$_w»` Cng§nmXH$ Am¡a EH$ `m EH$ go A{YH$ AÝ` Cng§nmXH$ H$m_ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm go àmßV g_mMmam| H$moCn wŠVVm Ho$ AZwgma n¥îR> na ñWmZ XoZo H$m n«_wI H$m © Cng§nmXH$ H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& dh g_mMmam| H$mo g§emo{YV H$aHo$CÝh| erf©H$ XoVm h¡ Am¡a CnbãY ñWmZ Ho$ AZwgma CÝh| g§nm{XV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$m JR>Z g_mMma nÌH$m ñdê$n Am¡a Am{W©H$ ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na hmoVm h¡Ÿ& N>moQ>o ñVa na àH$m{eV g_mMma nÌ _| EH$ hr ì`pŠV_m{bH$, g§nmXH$, g_mMma g§nmXH$, _w»` Cng§nmXH$, _w»` g§dmXXmVm, {dkmnZ A{YH$mar, àH$meH$ Ed§ àgmaUA{YH$mar Am{X g^r {Oå_oXm[a`m| H$mo {Z^mVm h¡Ÿ& _Ü`_ Am¡a CÀM loUr Ho$ g_mMma nÌm| _| g_mMma nÌ H$s Zr{VAm¡a Am{W©H$ pñW{V Ho$ AmYma na nXm| H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ ñWmZm| go àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbo ~S>o g_mMmanÌm| Ho$ g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ _| _w»` g§nmXH$, H$m ©H$mar g§nmXH$, à~§YH$ g§nmXH$, g§nmXH$, ghm`H$ g§nmXH$,ñWmZr` g§nmXH$, g_mMma g§nmXH$, Cn g_mMma g§nmXH$, _w»` g§dmXXmVm, g§dmXXmVm, {deof g§dmXXmVm,H$ñ~m| Ho$ g§dmXXmVm, N>m`m{MÌH$ma, ì §½`H$ma Am{X H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.53.3.4.53.3.4.53.3.4.53.3.4.5ày\$[aqS>J {d^mJày\$[aqS>J {d^mJày\$[aqS>J {d^mJày\$[aqS>J {d^mJày\$[aqS>J {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Proof Reading Department))))) :- g_mMma nÌ _| ày\$[aqS>J H$m _hÎdnyU©ñWmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ g_mMma H$mo àH$m{eV hmoZo go nyd© ày\$[aqS>J H$s VrZ AdñWmAm| _| go (nhbm àw\ , noO ày\$,_erZ ày\$) JwOaZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma Ho$ àH$meZm| _| dmŠ`{dÝ`mg AWdm eãX _| H$moB© Ìw{Q> Z hmo, Bg{bE `h{d^mJ H§$nmoÁS> g_mMma nÌm| H$m {ZarjU H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.6 {dkmnZ {d^mJ3.3.4.6 {dkmnZ {d^mJ3.3.4.6 {dkmnZ {d^mJ3.3.4.6 {dkmnZ {d^mJ3.3.4.6 {dkmnZ {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Advertisement Department) ) ) ) ) :- g_mMma nÌ _| àH$m{eV {dkmnZm| H$mg§~§Y Am{W©H$ pñW{V go h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s AW© ì`dñWm Cg_| àH$m{eV {dkmnZm| na {Z ©a hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJH$m H$m © g_mMma nÌ Ho$ {bE {dkmnZ àmßV H$aZm Ed§ wJVmZ àmßV H$aZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


(34)(34)(34)(34)(34)

3.3.4.7 H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ3.3.4.7 H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ3.3.4.7 H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ3.3.4.7 H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ3.3.4.7 H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Composing Department))))) :- g§JUH$ Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Ho$ nhbo g_mMmahñV{b{IV AWdm Q>mBn H$s JB© _¡Q>a go H§$nmoO {H$`m OmVm WmŸ& AmO bJ^J g^r g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _|`h H$m_ g§JUH$ go {H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.83.3.4.83.3.4.83.3.4.83.3.4.8 N>nmB© {d^mJ N>nmB© {d^mJ N>nmB© {d^mJ N>nmB© {d^mJ N>nmB© {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Printing Department))))) :-H§$nmoqOJ Am¡a N>nmB© _| H$ht H$moB© yb Z ah OmE,Bg{bE A§{V_ ày\$ [aqS>>J Ho$ ~mX g§nmXH$ g_mMma nÌ H$s N>nmB© H$m H$m © N>nmB© {d^mJ H$mo gm¢nVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.4.9 àgma {d^mJ3.3.4.9 àgma {d^mJ3.3.4.9 àgma {d^mJ3.3.4.9 àgma {d^mJ3.3.4.9 àgma {d^mJ ( ( ( ( (Circulation Department))))):- g_mMma nÌ Ho$ àgma H$mo ~T>mZo Ed§ Cgo pñWaaIZo H$m H$m © àgma {d^mJ na ahVm h¡Ÿ& gm_mÝ` H$_©Mm[a`m| Ho$ gmW Bg {d^mJ _| Amdí`H$VmZwgma EH$_hmà~§YH$ Am¡a EH$ à~§YH$ {Z wŠV {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

3.3.53.3.53.3.53.3.53.3.5 \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm\$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm\$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm\$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm\$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm :- g_mMma H$s àm_m{UH$Vm \$moQ>mo go A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {MÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go

^mdZmAm| H$s A{^ì`pŠV geŠV, ñnîQ> Ed§ gmaJ«mhr hmoVr h¡Ÿ& bH$S>r Ho$ R>ßnmo§, ZŠH$mer, aoIm {MÌm| Am{X H$mà`moJ yamon Ho$ g_mMma nÌm|, O_©Zr, Am°pñQ>`m, ZoXac±S>, BQ>br, ñdrS>oZ Am{X Xoem| Ho$ g_mMma nÌm| _| 19 dteVmãXr Ho$ _Ü` VH$ àM{bV ahmŸ& \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm go g_mMma nÌ amoMH$ ~ZVm h¡Ÿ& \$moQ>moJ«m\$s H$m Am{dîH$mahmoZo na aoIm {MÌm| H$m wJ g_mßV hþAm Am¡a g_mMma nÌm| _| \$moQ>mo N>nZo bJoŸ& gZ 1842 _| "{X BboñQ>oS>oQ> b§XZÝ yO' gmßVm{hH$ n{ÌH$m _| \$moQ>mo àH$m{eV H$aZo H$m g\$b à`mg {H$`m J`mŸ& ~rgdt eVmãXr Ho$ Ama§ _|g_mMma nÌ Am¡a n{ÌH$mAm| _| {MÌ àH$m{eV {H$E OmZo bJoŸ&

^maVr` g_mMma nÌm| _| ~rgdt eVmãXr Ho$ àma§ go hr \$moQ>mo Ho$ gmW g_mMma H$mo _hÎd {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ&Bg joÌ _| _{hbm nÌH$mam| Zo ^r _hÎdnyU© `moJXmZ {X`m h¡Ÿ& AmO nÌH$ma "½bmo~b pìhboO' H$s H$ënZm H$mogmH$ma H$aZo _| \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm H$s ghm`Vm go _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m {Z^m aho h¢Ÿ& {MÌ ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ApñVËd H$mo ~ZmE aIVo h¢; Š`m|{H$ do gË`Vm H$mo Á`m| H$m Ë`m| A{^ì`ŠV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Bg{bE \$moQ>mo nÌH$ma H$mo AnZr{dYm _| Xj, J{VdmZ, gmhgr Am¡a H$m © Ho$ à{V gOJ Am¡a B©_mZXma hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ AÀN>o \$moQ>mo_| {ZåZm§{H$V JwU hmoZo Mm{hE -

1. \$moQ>mo _| g_mMma VÎd H$m àH$meZ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

2. Ý yO qàQ> àH$meZ hoVw \$moQ>mo JwUdÎmmnyU© hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

3. pñWa H$s Anojm J{Verb Am¡a {H«$`merb \$moQ>m| H$m à`moJ A{YH$ hmoŸ&

4. \$moQ>m| _| g_mMma dñVw na {deof àH$me S>mbm J`m hmoŸ&

5. \$moQ>mo Ho$ a§J Am¡a Q>moZ _| {damoYm^mg Zht hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

6. \$moQ>mo àmg§{JH$ Am¡a {dídgZr` hmoZo Mm{hEŸ&

\$moQ>mo g§nmXH$ H$s J§ raVm H$s ê${M n¡Xm H$aZo dmbm, à{V^m H$m g¥OZ Am¡a `eñdr ì`pŠV`m| H$m gmWrhmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ \$moQ>mo J«m\$a H$mo Amdí`H$ g_mMmam| Ho$ \$moQ>mo bmZo H$m {ZX}e {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& \$moQ>mog§nmXH$ Ho$ Xm{`Ëd Bg àH$ma h¢ - 1) ñdñW Am¡a à^mdr {MÌm| H$m M`Z H$aZmŸ& 2) g_mMmam| Am¡a KQ>ZmAm| H$s nyU©


(35) (35) (35) (35) (35)

OmZH$mar XoZo dmbo {MÌm| H$m àH$meZ H$aZmŸ& 3) {MÌ H$s _hÎmm XoIVo hþE n¥îR> Am¡a ñWmZ H$m {ZYm©aU H$aZmŸ& 4)nmR>H$m| H$s ê${M Ho$ AZwgma \$moQ>mo H$m M`Z H$aZmŸ& 5) g§doXZerb \$moQ>mo Ho$ àH$meZ _| {deof gVH©$Vm ~aVZmŸ&6) \$moQ>mo H$mo C{MV erf©H$ XoZmŸ&

{MÌ ê$nH$ {Z_m©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE \$moQ>moJ«m\$a H$mo KQ>Zm g§~§Yr àË oH$ VÏ` H$s OmZH$mar aIZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ&BgHo$ A^md _| \$moQ>mo VmaVå`Vm _| A^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a g§Xoe nmR>H$m| VH$ nhþ±M Zht nmVmŸ& gOrd \$moQ>mo boVo dŠVAZoH$ \$moQ>mo {ZH$mbZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE ZdrZ AmH$f©U n¡Xm H$aZo Ho$ {bE J«m{\$Šg Am¡a aoIm{MÌm| H$m à`moJ{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& J«m{\$Šg EH$ AWdm AZoH$ a§Jm| _| ~ZmE OmVo h¢Ÿ& AmO g§JUH$ H$s ghm`Vm go AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$J«m{\$Šg {d{dY a§Jm| _| {Z_m©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE ghm`Vm {_b ahr h¡Ÿ&

ì §½` {MÌm| H$m _hÎd ^r g_mMma nÌm| _| hmoVm h¡Ÿ& amOZ¡{VH$, gm_m{OH$, gm_{`H$ KQ>Zm na ì §½`{MÌm| H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& H$mQ>y©Z Zo ^r nÌH$m[aVm H$mo ZE Am`m_m| VH$ nhþ±Mm {X`m h¡Ÿ&

3.3.63.3.63.3.63.3.63.3.6 g_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVg_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoV :- g_mMmam| _| ha {XZ {ZË` ZE g_mMma àgm[aV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& nmR>H$ AnZr

A{^ê${M Ho$ AZwgma g_mMmam| H$mo nT>Vm ahVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ _| N>no g_mMma ñWmZr`, àm§Vr`, amîQ>r` Ed§A§Vam©îQ>r` ñVa Ho$ hþAm H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BZ g_mMmam| H$mo nmZm, BH$Q>²>R>m H$aZm, CgH$m boIZ H$aZm EH$ XwîH$a H$m_hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$mo o g_mMma g§dmXXmVm go àmßV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H${R>Z n[al_ H$aHo$ AZoH$mZoH$òmoVm| go {d{^ÝZ gm_J«r OwQ>mVm h¡Ÿ& AmO H$m wJ OZg§Mma H$m wJ h¡Ÿ& g§Mma H«$m§{V Ho$ Bg wJ _| g§dmXXmVm àË oH$_hÎdnyU© KQ>Zm na n¡Zr {ZJmh aIVm h¡Ÿ& dh AnamY g_mMma, amOZr{VH$ g_mMma, gm{hpË`H$ g_mMma,gm§ñH¥${VH$ g_mMma, gm_m{OH$ g_mMma O¡gm {d^mOZ H$aHo$ OZê${M Ho$ AZwgma g_mMmam| H$mo nmZo H$s H$mo{eeH$aVm h¡Ÿ& CnbãYVm Ho$ AZwgma g_mMma òmoV {ZåZm§{H$V h¢Ÿ-

3.3.6.13.3.6.13.3.6.13.3.6.13.3.6.1 àË`m{eV òmoV àË`m{eV òmoV àË`m{eV òmoV àË`m{eV òmoV àË`m{eV òmoV :- nw{bg, àemgZ, Ý`m`mb`, emgZ go Ow‹S>o bmoJ, àog dmVm©E±, gmjmËH$ma, àog{dkpßV`m± Am{X n«Ë`m{eV òmoV h¢Ÿ&

3.3.6.23.3.6.23.3.6.23.3.6.23.3.6.2 nydm©Zw_m{ZV òmoV nydm©Zw_m{ZV òmoV nydm©Zw_m{ZV òmoV nydm©Zw_m{ZV òmoV nydm©Zw_m{ZV òmoV :- {d{^ÝZ ñWbm| na nhbo go {H$gr g_mMma H$s Anojm H$a H$moB© ImoOnyU© g_mMmaàmßV H$aZm nydm©Zw_m{ZV ñÌmoV h¡Ÿ&

3.3.6.33.3.6.33.3.6.33.3.6.33.3.6.3 AàË`m{eV òmoV AàË`m{eV òmoV AàË`m{eV òmoV AàË`m{eV òmoV AàË`m{eV òmoV :- H$moB© JwßV aMZm, AMmZH$ hþB© XwK©Q>Zm AWdm AàË`j ê$n go H$moB© {ddaU n«mßVhmoZm AàË`m{eV òmoV Ho$ A§VJ©V AmVm h¡Ÿ&

g§dmXXmVm Cn w©µŠV òmoVm| go VWm {d{^ÝZ Xoem| Ed§ g§dmX g{_{V`m| go g_mMma nÌ Ho$ {cE g_mMmaOwQ>mVo h¢Ÿ&

3.3.6.43.3.6.43.3.6.43.3.6.43.3.6.4 g§dmXXmVm g§dmXXmVm g§dmXXmVm g§dmXXmVm g§dmXXmVm :- g_mMma nÌ H$m _w»` g§Mma àñVmoVm g§dmXXmVm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& OZnX go boH$a {dXoerg_mMmam| H$s OmZH$mar àmßV H$aZo dmbo {d{^ÝZ g§dmXXmVm hmoVo h¢Ÿ& loUr Ho$ AZwgma CZHo$ Zm_ Bg àH$ma hmoVoh¢-


(36)(36)(36)(36)(36)

1. H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm

2. {deof g§dmXXmVm

3. {dXoe g§dmXXmVm

4. {d{^ÝZ ñV§ m| go OwS>o g§dmXXmVm O¡go -{ejm g§dmXXmVm, AnamY g§dmXXmVm Am{XŸ&

3.3.6.53.3.6.53.3.6.53.3.6.53.3.6.5 g§dmX g{_{V`m± g§dmX g{_{V`m± g§dmX g{_{V`m± g§dmX g{_{V`m± g§dmX g{_{V`m± :- CÝZrgdt gXr Ho$ àma§ _| nm`{Z`a, ñQ>oQ²>g_¡Z, B§p½be _¡Z Am¡a B§{S>`Z S>obrÝ yO o Mma A§J«oOr nÌ àH$m{eV hmoVo WoŸ& {OZgo Egmo{gEQ>oS> àog Am°\$ B§{S>`m (E. nr. AmB©.) Ho$ Zm_ go gZ 1905_| g_mMma g{_{V H$s ñWmnZm hþB©Ÿ& nÌH$ma Ho$edM§Ð am`Ho$edM§Ð am`Ho$edM§Ð am`Ho$edM§Ð am`Ho$edM§Ð am` H$mo "g_mMma g{_{V`m| H$m OZH$' _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&1927 _| gXmZ§XgXmZ§XgXmZ§XgXmZ§XgXmZ§X Zo "\«$s àog EOoÝgr Am\$ B§{S>`m' H$m {Z_m©U {H$`mŸ& 1933 _| H$cH$Îmm _| ~r. goZ JwßVm~r. goZ JwßVm~r. goZ JwßVm~r. goZ JwßVm~r. goZ JwßVm Zo

yZmBQ>oS> àog Am°\$ B§{S>`m H$s ñWmnZm H$sŸ&

3.3.6.5.1 àog Q´>ñQ> Am°\$ B§{S>`m (nr. Q>r. AmB©.)3.3.6.5.1 àog Q´>ñQ> Am°\$ B§{S>`m (nr. Q>r. AmB©.)3.3.6.5.1 àog Q´>ñQ> Am°\$ B§{S>`m (nr. Q>r. AmB©.)3.3.6.5.1 àog Q´>ñQ> Am°\$ B§{S>`m (nr. Q>r. AmB©.)3.3.6.5.1 àog Q´>ñQ> Am°\$ B§{S>`m (nr. Q>r. AmB©.) :- BgH$m _w»` H$m`m©b` ~§~B© _| h¡Ÿ& `h E{e`m H$s g~go~S>r g_mMma g{_{V h¡Ÿ& nr. Q>r. AmB©. Zo {díd Ho$ 11 _hÎdnyU© eham| _| g_mMma Ho$ {bE nyU©H$mbrZ {dXoer-H$m`m©b` ñWm{nV {H$E h¢Ÿ&

3.3.6.5.2 wZmBQ>oS> Ý yO Am°\$ B§{S>`m ( y. EZ². AmB©.)3.3.6.5.2 wZmBQ>oS> Ý yO Am°\$ B§{S>`m ( y. EZ². AmB©.)3.3.6.5.2 wZmBQ>oS> Ý yO Am°\$ B§{S>`m ( y. EZ². AmB©.)3.3.6.5.2 wZmBQ>oS> Ý yO Am°\$ B§{S>`m ( y. EZ². AmB©.)3.3.6.5.2 wZmBQ>oS> Ý yO Am°\$ B§{S>`m ( y. EZ². AmB©.) :- BgH$m _w»` H$m`m©b` ZB© {Xëbr _| h¡Ÿ& g_mMmag§H$bZ, {dVaU H$s ì`dñWm, ñVa, {eën Am¡a VH$ZrH$s Am{X _| gwYma H$s ~mV gmoMH$a gZ 1961 _| BgH$s{Z{_©{V hþB© WrŸ&

3.3.6.5.3 yZrdmVm© ( ydm) 3.3.6.5.3 yZrdmVm© ( ydm) 3.3.6.5.3 yZrdmVm© ( ydm) 3.3.6.5.3 yZrdmVm© ( ydm) 3.3.6.5.3 yZrdmVm© ( ydm) :- `h qhXr Am¡a ^maVr` ^mfm-^mfr nÌm| H$s ghm`Vm hoVw 1982 _| ~ZmB© JB©g{_{V h¡Ÿ& Bggo amîQ>r`, A§Vam©îQ>r`, àmXo{eH$, amOZr{VH$, gm_m{OH$, IobHy$X, ì`mnma, _Zmoa§OZ Am{X Ho$g_mMma CnbãY hmo aho h¢Ÿ&

3.3.6.5.4 qhXwñWmZ g_mMma3.3.6.5.4 qhXwñWmZ g_mMma3.3.6.5.4 qhXwñWmZ g_mMma3.3.6.5.4 qhXwñWmZ g_mMma3.3.6.5.4 qhXwñWmZ g_mMma :- BgH$m H$m`m©b` ZB© {Xëbr _| h¡Ÿ& h g_mMma EOoÝgr 1957 _| gaH$mar g{_{VHo$ ê$n _| n[ad{V©V hþB©Ÿ& `h g{_{V ^maV H$s {d{^ÝZ ^mfmAm| _| g_mMma XoVr h¡Ÿ&

3.3.6.5.5 g_mMma ^maVr 3.3.6.5.5 g_mMma ^maVr 3.3.6.5.5 g_mMma ^maVr 3.3.6.5.5 g_mMma ^maVr 3.3.6.5.5 g_mMma ^maVr :-BgH$m _w»` H$m`m©b` ZB© {Xëbr _| h¡& BgH$s ñWmnZm 1966 _| hþB© h¡Ÿ& `h ^maVr`^mfmAm| Ho$ {bE ~S>r g{_{V h¡& g_mMma ^maVr "Xoe Am¡a y{Z`Z' Zm_ go EH$ dm{f©H$ ^r àXmZ H$aVr h¡&

3.3.6.5.6 g_mMma 3.3.6.5.6 g_mMma 3.3.6.5.6 g_mMma 3.3.6.5.6 g_mMma 3.3.6.5.6 g_mMma :- AmnmV²H$mb Ho$ g_` nr. Q>r. Am ²., y. EZ². AmB©., qhXwñVmZ g_mMma Am¡a g_mMma^maVr H$m {db` H$aHo$ "g_mMmag_mMmag_mMmag_mMmag_mMma' Zm_ go g{_{V ~ZmB© WrŸ& \$adar 1976 go BgH$s à~§Y g{_{V Zo H$m_ H$aZmewê$ {H$`m WmŸ& 1977 Ho$ gËVm n[adV©Z Ho$ Cnam§V 14-4-1978 H$mo {\$a go BgH$m {dKQ>Z {H$`m J`mŸ&

àog BZ B§{S>`m Ho$ AZwgma AmO maV _| H$m ©aV g_mMma g{_{V`m± Am¡a {dXoer g_mMma g{_{V`m±, Ý yOM°Zob, B§Q>aZoQ> Am{X g_mMma òmoV Ho$ gmYZ ~Zo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm BÝht go g_mMma àmßV H$aHo$ g_mMmam| H$s Amny{V©H$aVm h¡Ÿ&


(37) (37) (37) (37) (37)



1. .......... H$mo g_mMma nÌ H$m dmñVwemñÌ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) Am_wI I) \$moQ>mo J) erf©H$ K) n¥îR> {dÝ`mgn¥îR> {dÝ`mgn¥îR> {dÝ`mgn¥îR> {dÝ`mgn¥îR> {dÝ`mg

2. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ A§{V_ {hñgo _| .......... hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) {dkmnZ {dkmnZ {dkmnZ {dkmnZ {dkmnZ I) \$moQ>mo J) J«m{\$Šg K) _w»` g_mMma

3. ......... go _w»` g_mMma H$m _hÎd ~T> OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) ~m°Šg I) BZgoQ>BZgoQ>BZgoQ>BZgoQ>BZgoQ> J) n¥îR> g§»`m K) {~H«$s

4. g_mMma H$m àW_ n[aÀN>oX ....... H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) erf©H$ I) BZgoQ> J) Am_wIAm_wIAm_wIAm_wIAm_wI K) n¥îR> {dÝ`mg

5. g_mMma nÌm| _| àH$m{eV ......... H$m g§~§Y Am{W©H$ pñW{V go hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) {dkmnZm|{dkmnZm|{dkmnZm|{dkmnZm|{dkmnZm| I) g_mMmam| J) \$moQ>mo K) KQ>ZmAm|

6. qhXwñWmZ g_mMma H$m H$m`m©b` .......... _| h¡Ÿ&

H$) MoÝZB© I) _w§~B© J) H$bH$Îmm K) ZB© {XëbrZB© {XëbrZB© {XëbrZB© {XëbrZB© {Xëbr

7. _w»` g_mMma Ho$ nyaH$ {ddaU Ho$ gmW ........... g_mMma AmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) nyaH$ I) BZgoQBZgoQBZgoQBZgoQBZgoQ> J) Jm¡U K) ñWmZr`

8. g§dmXXmVm go àmßV g_mMmam| H$mo Cn wŠVVm Ho$ AZwgma n¥îR> na ñWmZ XoZo H$m à_wI H$m © ........ H$mhmoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) H§$nmoOa I) ày\$arS>a J) Cng§nmXHCng§nmXHCng§nmXHCng§nmXHCng§nmXH$ K) {dVaH$

9. ......... nÌH$m[aVm go g_mMma nÌ amoMH$ ~ZVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) \$moQ>m\$moQ>m\$moQ>m\$moQ>m\$moQ>mo I) nrV J) {dXoer K) H$mQy>©Z

10. AmnmV²H$mb Ho$ g_` nr. Q>r. Am`., y. EZ. AmB©., qhXwñWmZ g_mMma Am¡a g_mMma ^maVr H$m {db`H$aHo$ ........ Zm_ go g{_{V ~ZmB© WrŸ&

H$) qhXwñWmZ ^maVr I) g_mMmag_mMmag_mMmag_mMmag_mMma J) Ý yO B§{S>`m K) nr. Q>r. Am`.


1. CXy© Ho$ nÌH$ma _wIS>m {H$go H$hVo h¢?

2. g_mMmam| H$mo erf©H$ Š`m| {XE OmVo h¢?


(38)(38)(38)(38)(38)

3. Am_wI H$m CX²Xoí` H$m¡Zgm hmoVm h¡?

4. g_mMma nÌ H$s à_wI {Oå_oXmar H$m¡Z {Z^mVm h¡?

5. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$_©Mm[a`m| H$m gpìh©g aoH$m°S>© H$m¡Zgo {d^mJ _| AmVm h¡?

6. g_mMma nÌ H$m g~ go _w»` {d^mJ H$m¡Zgm hmoVm h¡?

7. g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ àgma {d^mJ H$m H$m © H$m¡Zgm hmoVm h¡?

8. g_mMma H$s àm_m{UH$Vm {H$ggo A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡?

9. g_mMma g{_{V`m| H$m OZH$ {H$go _mZm OmVm h¡?

10. yZrdmVm© ( ydm) g{_Vr H$~ ~ZmB© JB© ?


g§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVm - g_mMmam| H$m g§H$bZ H$aZo dmbm n¥îR>n¥îR>n¥îR>n¥îR>n¥îR> - noO

{ZJmh{ZJmh{ZJmh{ZJmh{ZJmh - ÑpîQ> àmê$nàmê$nàmê$nàmê$nàmê$n- T>m±Mm

X²dmaX²dmaX²dmaX²dmaX²dma - XadmOm gwMmê$gwMmê$gwMmê$gwMmê$gwMmê$ - ì`dpñWV

H$_©MmarH$_©MmarH$_©MmarH$_©MmarH$_©Mmar - godH$ {Oå_oXmar{Oå_oXmar{Oå_oXmar{Oå_oXmar{Oå_oXmar - CÎmaXm{`Ëd

{dËV{dËV{dËV{dËV{dËV - YZ, AW©, g§n{Îm B©_mZXmaB©_mZXmaB©_mZXmaB©_mZXmaB©_mZXma - {dídgZr`

{db`{db`{db`{db`{db` - brZ hmoZm, g_m OmZm


A)A)A)A)A)

1) n¥îR> {dÝ`mg 2) {dkmnZ 3) BZgoQ> 4) Am_wI 5) {dkmnZm|

6) ZB© {Xëbr 7) BZgoQ> 8) Cng§nmXH$ 9) \$moQ>mo 10) g_mMma

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. CXy© Ho$ nÌH$ma Am_wI H$mo _wIS>m H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

2. g_mMmam| H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE erf©H$ {XE OmVo h¢Ÿ&

3. H$_ g_` _| nmR>H$ H$mo g§nyU© g_mMma go AdJV H$aZm Am_wI H$m CX²Xoí` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

4. à_wI g§nmXH$ g_mMma nÌ H$s {Oå_oXmar {Z^mVm h¡Ÿ&

5. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$_©Mm[a`m| H$m gpìh©g aoH$m°S>© H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ _| AmVm h¡Ÿ&

6. g_mMma nÌ H$m g~ go _w»` {d^mJ g§nmXH$s` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


(39) (39) (39) (39) (39)

7. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ àgma H$mo ~T>mZm Am¡a Cgo pñWa aIZo H$m H$m_ g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ àgma {d^mJ H$m hmoVmh¡Ÿ&

8. g_mMma nÌ H$s àm_m{UH$Vm \$moQ>mo go A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

9. Ho$edM§X« am` H$mo g_mMma g{_{V`m| H$m OZH$ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

10. B©. g. 1982 _| yZrdmVm© ( ydm) g{_Vr ~ZmB© JB©Ÿ&


1. erf©H$ go nmR>H$ g_mMma H$s Amoa AmH${f©V hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo AZwHy$b g_mMma ImoOZo _| ghm`Vm{_bVr h¡Ÿ&

2. n¥îR> {dÝ`mg go g_mMma nÌ AmH$f©H$ ~ZVm h¡ Am¡a dh g_mMma nT>Zo Ho$ {bE nmR>H$m| H$mo ~mÜ` H$aVmh¡Ÿ& ~mŠg Ed§ BZgoQ> go Cg_| AmH$f©U$ ~T>Vm h¡Ÿ&

3. Am_wI go H$_ g_` _| g_mMma H$s gdm©{YH$ OmZH$mar {_bVr h¡Ÿ& Am_wI nT>H$a CgHo$ àH$meZ H$m{ZU© Cng§nmXH$ boVm h¡Ÿ&

4. g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ _w»` A§J àemgH$s` {d^mJ, H$m{_©H$ {d^mJ, {dÎm {d^mJ, g§nmXH$s`{d^mJ, ày\$ [aqS>J {d^mJ, {dkmnZ {d^mJ, H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ, N>nmB© {d^mJ, àgma {d^mJ h¢Ÿ&

5. \$moQ>o go g_mMma H$s {dídgZr`Vm ~T>Vr h¡ Am¡a g_mMma Ho$ à{V AmH$f©U {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

6. g§dmXXmVm {d{^ÝZ òmoVm| O¡go - nw{bg, àemgZ, Ý`m`mb`, AñnVmb, emgZ go OwS>o bmoJ, àog dmVm©E±,gmjmËH$ma, àog {dkmpßV`m±, {d{dY g§dmX g§{_{V`m± Am{X go g_mMma OwQ>mVm h¡Ÿ&


1. g_mMma nÌ H$s g§nmXZ H$bm Ho$ gm_mÝ` {gX²Ym§Vm| H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

2. g_mMma Ho$ {d{^ÝZ òmoVm| na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

3. {Q>ßn{U`m± {b{IE - erf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI, g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm, \$moQ>mo nÌH$m[aVm,g_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVŸ&


1. {H$gr g§dmXXmVm go {_bH$a g_mMma Ho$ {d{dY òmoVm| go n[a{MV hmo OmBEŸ&

2. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` go g_mMma nÌ H$s ì`dñWm H$m n[aM` br{OEŸ&

3. ñWmZr` Ed§ amîQ>r` g_mMma nÌm| H$mo boH$a erf©H$sH$aU, n¥îR> {dÝ`mg, Am_wI Am{X H$s VwbZm H$s{OEŸ&

4. {H$gr ~‹S>o g_mamoh H$m g_mMma \$moQ>mo g{hV {b{IEŸ&


(40)(40)(40)(40)(40)















14. àgma ^maVr Am¡a àgma Zr{V - gwYre nMm¡ar






-----•-----


(41) (41) (41) (41) (41)

BH$mB© - 4 I§S> (I)BH$mB© - 4 I§S> (I)BH$mB© - 4 I§S> (I)BH$mB© - 4 I§S> (I)BH$mB© - 4 I§S> (I)

nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZg§Mma _mÜ`_ : oX-{d oXZŸ&g§Mma _mÜ`_ : oX-{d oXZŸ&g§Mma _mÜ`_ : oX-{d oXZŸ&g§Mma _mÜ`_ : oX-{d oXZŸ&g§Mma _mÜ`_ : oX-{d oXZŸ&

nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ - g§nmXH$s`, \$sMa, [anmoVm©O, gmjmËH$ma, {dkmnZ, ImoOrnÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ - g§nmXH$s`, \$sMa, [anmoVm©O, gmjmËH$ma, {dkmnZ, ImoOrnÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ - g§nmXH$s`, \$sMa, [anmoVm©O, gmjmËH$ma, {dkmnZ, ImoOrnÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ - g§nmXH$s`, \$sMa, [anmoVm©O, gmjmËH$ma, {dkmnZ, ImoOrnÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ - g§nmXH$s`, \$sMa, [anmoVm©O, gmjmËH$ma, {dkmnZ, ImoOrg_mMma, AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) Am{X H$s à{d{Yg_mMma, AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) Am{X H$s à{d{Yg_mMma, AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) Am{X H$s à{d{Yg_mMma, AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) Am{X H$s à{d{Yg_mMma, AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) Am{X H$s à{d{Y




4.3.1 g§Mma _mÜ`_ : oX-{d oXZ

4.3.1.1 _w{ÐV _mÜ`_

4.3.1.2 BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_

4.3.1.2.1 ao{S>`mo

4.3.1.2.2 XyaXe©Z

4.3.2 nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ

4.3.2.1 g§nmXH$s`

4.3.2.2 \$sMa

4.3.2.3 [anmoVm©O

4.3.2.4 gmjmËH$ma

4.3.2.5 {dkmnZ

4.3.2.6 ImoOr g_mMma

4.3.2.7 AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn)








nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)

(42)(42)(42)(42)(42)

4.14.14.14.14.1 CX²Xoí` :CX²Xoí` :CX²Xoí` :CX²Xoí` :CX²Xoí` :àñVwV BH$mB© n‹T>Zo Ho$ CnamÝV Amn -

1. g§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$ oX-{d oXZ go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&

2. g§nmXH$s` boIZ H$m _hËËd Am¡a AmXe© g§nmXH$s` Ho$ JwUm| H$s OmZH$mar bo nmE±JoŸ&

3. \$sMa boIZ H$s OmZH$mar bo nmE±JoŸ&

4. [anmoVm©O boIZ H$s à{d{Y go n[a{MV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

5. gmjmËH$ma H$m CX²Xoí`, à{H«$`m Am¡a àH$mam| go AdJV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

6. {dkmnZ boIZ H$s à{d{Y go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&

7. ImoOr g_mMma H$s boIZ nX²Y{V Am¡a àH$mam| H$mo AdJV H$a nmE±JoŸ&

8. AZwdV©Z boIZ H$s à{d{Y go n[a{MV hmo OmE±JoŸ&


à~§YZ H$m gd©_mÝ` AW© `hr h¡ {H$ g§JR>Z _| H$m © H$a aho AWdm H$aZo dmco ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ à`mgm| H$mo{Z`mo{OV, {ZX}{eV VWm g_pÝdV H$aZmŸ& dV©_mZ H$mb _| nÌH$m[aVm Zo ì`mdgm{`H$Vm H$m daU H$a {b`m h¡Ÿ&Bg{bE g_mMma nÌ OJV² Ho$ {bE à~§YZ H$m _hËËd AÝ` CX² moJm| H$s ^m±{V hr ~‹T> ahm h¡Ÿ& Ama§{^H$ H$mb _|g_mMma nÌ _mÌ d¡Mm[aH$ {dH$mg Am¡a à{V~X²YVm H$mo boH$a ^maVr` OZ-g_mO Ho$ _Ü` AdV[aV hþE WoŸ& V~nÌH$m[aVm H$m EH$ {ZpíMV bú` Wm, Xoe^pŠV H$s mdZm H$mo OZ-_Z _| OmJ¥V H$aZm, Cgo {dH${gV H$aZm Am¡añWm{`Ëd XoZmŸ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m `h H$m © {ZVm§V ^mdZmË_H$ WmŸ& Xoeào_ EH$ Eogm {H«$`mË_H$ bú` h¡, {OgH$m_hËËd H$^r H$_ Zht hmo gH$Vm; bo{H$Z OrdZ _| ì`dgm` H$_© ^r AnZr AbJ _hËVm aIVm h¡Ÿ& dñVwV: bú`Am¡a ì`dgm` OrdZ Ho$ Xmo n{hE h¢Ÿ& BZ n{h`m| H$s J{VerbVm Ho$ {bE à~§YZ A{Zdm © ~Z MwH$m h¡Ÿ&

à~§YZ H$m g§Hw${MV AW© H$_©Mm[a`m| go H$m_ H$amZo H$s H$bm H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& à~§YZ EH$ AË §V_hËËdnyU© H$bm Ed§ {dkmZ h¡ Am¡a Zr{V-{ZYm©aU, g§JR>Z, {Z`moOZ, {ZX}eZ, {Z §ÌU Am{X {H«$`mAm| Ho$ g_Ýd`VH$ ì`mnH$ h¡Ÿ& à~§YZ H$m à_wI CX²Xoí` h¡, H$_ go H$_ à`mg _| A{YH$-go-A{YH$ n[aUm_ àmßV H$aZmŸ&nÌH$m[aVm à~§YZ _| ^r Bg VÏ` H$m _hËËd A{Zdm © h¡Ÿ&

g§Mma _mZd OrdZ H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ& g§Mma EH$ à{H«$`m h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ _mÜ`_ go bmoJm| H$mo gyMZm, {ZU©Am¡a {ZX}e {XE OmVo h¢Ÿ& g§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$mo _w»` ê$n go Xmo ^mJm| _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡ - (1) _w{ÐV _mÜ`_,(2) BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_Ÿ& _w{ÐV _mÜ`_m| H$m n[aM` bmoJm| H$mo H$[a~Z 500 gmbm| go ahm h¡, O~{H$ BboŠQ>m°{ZH$_mÜ`_ ~rgdt gXr H$s XoZ h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Ho$ gmW hr g§Mma Ho$ joÌ _| A yVnyd© J{V AmB©h¡Ÿ& g§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$m CX²Xoí` _Zmoa§OZ, {ejm VWm bmoJm| H$s ê${M`m| H$s V¥pßV H$aZm ahm h¡Ÿ& Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$g_ñ`mAm| H$mo bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmZm Am¡a BZ g_ñ`mAm| na g~H$mo gmoMZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` H$aZm ^r BZH$m _hËËdnyU©CX²Xoí` ahm h¡Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm H$mo {H$gr EH$ {ZpíMV gr_m _| Zht ~m§Ym Om gH$VmŸ& _mZd g§gma H$s g^r


(43) (43) (43) (43) (43)

KQ>ZmE± {H$Ýht {deofVmAm| Ho$ gmW K{Q>V hmoVr h¢Ÿ& dV©_mZ g_` _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m \$bH$ BVZm ì`mnH$ hmo J`mh¡ {H$ Bgo {H$gr EH$ {df` _| ~m§YZm H${R>Z hmo J`m h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm {g\©$ g_mMma XoZo dmbr _mÌ ì`dñWm Zhtahr, ~pëH$ Bggo g§~§{YV AZoH$ {df`m| H$s MMm© A~ BgHo$ A§VJ©V hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s`, \$sMa, [anmoVm©O,gmjmËH$ma, {dkmnZ, ImoOr g_mMma, AZwdV©Z Am{X AZoH$ boIZ àH$ma nÌH$m[aVm H$mo g_¥X²Y ~ZmZo _| _hËËdnyU©

y{_H$m {Z^mVo h¢Ÿ&


4.3.14.3.14.3.14.3.14.3.1 g§Mma _mÜ`_ oX-{d oXZ :g§Mma _mÜ`_ oX-{d oXZ :g§Mma _mÜ`_ oX-{d oXZ :g§Mma _mÜ`_ oX-{d oXZ :g§Mma _mÜ`_ oX-{d oXZ :

OZg§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$m {d oXZ h_ Xmo ê$nm| _| H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ- "_w{X«V _mÜ`_' Am¡a "BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_'&

4.3.1.14.3.1.14.3.1.14.3.1.14.3.1.1_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ :_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ :_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ :_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ :_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ : ( ( ( ( (Print Media))))) :- _w{ÐV _mÜ`_m| H$m Am{dîH$ma Xw{Z`m Ho$ {bE EH$ daXmZ _mZmOmVm h¡Ÿ& gZ 1450 _| O_©Zr Ho$ Omohm§g JwQ>oZ~J© Ho$ _wÐU Am{dîH$ma Zo gmja dJ© H$mo Amng _| Omo‹S>Zo H$m_hËËdnyU© H$m © {H$`mŸ& AmO _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ _| g_mMma nÌ h_mao OrdZ H$m A{Zdm © {hñgm ~Z JE h¢Ÿ& ^maV _|AR>madt gXr Ho$ A§V _| AWm©V 1780 _| g_mMma nÌm| H$m nXmn©U hþAmŸ& AmO Xoe Ho$ ha àm§V, joÌ Am¡a ^mfm _|X¡{ZH$, gmßVm{hH$ Am¡a _m{gH$ nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$m àH$meZ VoOr go hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ go H$moB© ^r {dMmaA{YH$ go A{YH$ bmoJm| VH$ H$_ go H$_ g_` _| nhþ±M OmVm h¡Ÿ& gmja bmoJm| H$s ~‹T>Vr OZg§»`m Ho$ H$maU `h_mÜ`_ bmoJm| Ho$ H$m\$s H$ar~ nhþ±MmŸ h¡Ÿ& AmO BZ nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$m ê$n ~Xb ahm h¡Ÿ& AmH$f©H$ bo-AmD$Q>,gwê${MnyU© gmO-gÁOm Am¡a loîR> _wÐU Ho$ H$maU BZHo$ à{V bmoJm| H$m AmH$f©U ^r ~‹T>Vm Om ahm h¡Ÿ& A{YH$ goA{YH$ OmZH$mar hm{gb H$aZo Ho$ CX²Xoí` go g_mMma-nÌ ^r ha dJ© Ho$ {bE CZH$s ê${M`m| Ho$ AZwê$n gm_J«r_w{ÐV H$a aho h¢Ÿ& Iob, {\$ë_, H$bm, ~mOma^md, amOZ¡{VH$ ~mV| VWm OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ Ho$ g_mMma, g_mMmanÌm| Ho$ X²dmam àH$m{eV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&

_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ _mÌ g_mMmam| H$mo hr bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmVo h¢ Eogr ~mV Zht h¡, O~{H$ g_mMma nÌm| _|àH$m{eV {dkmnZ ^r g§Mma H$m A§J h¡, Omo {d{^ÝZ CËnmXm| Ho$ g§~§Y _| OmZH$m[a`m± XoVo h¢Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ {dkmnZm|X²dmam> OmZH$mar XoZm, bmoJm| H$m _mJ©Xe©Z H$aZm, OmJê$H$Vm H$m g§Xoe XoZm Am{X H$m © ^r {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& OZ_VH$s geŠVVm, gm§ñH¥${VH$ MoVZm Am¡a g_mO _| _yë`m| H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo _| _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ ~‹S>o ghm`H$ {gX²Y hþEh¢Ÿ& Xoe Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ _| ^r BZH$s à_wI y{_H$m ahr h¢Ÿ&

_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ ^bo hr g§Mma H$m nwamZm Am¡a _hËËdnyU© _mÜ`_ ahm hmo, {\$a ^r BgH$s AnZr Hw$N>gr_mE± r h¢Ÿ& _w{ÐV _mÜ`_m| H$m g§Xoe {Zaja bmoJm| VH$ Zht nhþ±M nmVmŸ& Jm±d, nd©V, nhm{‹S>`m| _|, XyaXamO VH$_w{ÐV _mÜ`_m| H$m g§Xoe nhþ±MmZm g§ d Zht h¡Ÿ&

4.3.1.2 BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_4.3.1.2 BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_4.3.1.2 BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_4.3.1.2 BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_4.3.1.2 BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ :- H$_ g_` _| A{YH$ go A{YH$ bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m _mÜ`_ h¡ - BboŠQ>m°{ZH$_mÜ`_Ÿ& d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aUm| Am¡a dm wVa§Jm| H$s ghm`Vm go bmoJm| H$mo g§nH©$ H$aZo H$m _mÜ`_ h¡ BboŠQ>m°{ZH$_mÜ`_Ÿ& BZ CnH$aUm| _| _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ go A{YH$ Vrd«Vm go Am¡a XyaXamO VH$ g§Xoe nhþ±MmZo H$s epŠV h¡Ÿ& BZCnH$aUm| _| à_wI h¢ -


(44)(44)(44)(44)(44)

4.3.1.2.1 ao{S>`mo (4.3.1.2.1 ao{S>`mo (4.3.1.2.1 ao{S>`mo (4.3.1.2.1 ao{S>`mo (4.3.1.2.1 ao{S>`mo (Radio))))) :- BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ CnH$aUm| _| g~go gñVm Am¡a ghO CnH$aU h¡ ao{S>`moŸ& CÝZrgdtgXr Ho$ A§V _| _mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr X²dmam hþE Bg Am{dîH$ma go g§Mma Ho$ joÌ _| H«$m§{V hmo JB©Ÿ& g_mMma, JrV, g§JrV, ZmQ>H$Am{X X²dmam bmoJ ao{S>`mo go OwS> JE h¢& BgH$s g~go ~‹S>r gw{dYm `h h¡ {H$ BgH$o {bE lmoVmAm| H$mo gmja hmoZo H$sAmdí`H$Vm Zht h¡ Am¡a bmoJ AnZm H$m_ H$aVo-H$aVo Bgo gwZ gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ^maV _| ao{S>`mo H$m àdoe 1926 Ho$Amgnmg hþAm Am¡a 1930 _| Bgo "Am°b B§{S>`m ao{S>`moAm°b B§{S>`m ao{S>`moAm°b B§{S>`m ao{S>`moAm°b B§{S>`m ao{S>`moAm°b B§{S>`m ao{S>`mo' H$s g§km Xr JB©Ÿ& AmµOmXr Ho$ g_` Xoe _| Ho$db 6 ao{S>`moñQ>oeZ Wo, bo{H$Z A~ o g¡H$‹S>m| H$m Am±H$‹S>m nma H$a MwHo$ h¢& ^maV H$s g^r ^mfmAm| Am¡a H$ar~ ‹T>mB© gm¡ ~mo{b`m|_§o AmH$medmUr go àgmaU hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Xoe Ho$ 90 à{VeV joÌ _| Am¡a 95 à{VeV OZVm VH$ ao{S> mo go g§ånH©$ g§ d h¡&

Ho$db EH$ g_` _| EH$ hr H|$Ð go àgmaU gwZ gH$Zm, àgmaU ~rM _| amoH$H$a Xw~mam gwZ nmZo H$màmdYmZ Z hmoZm o ~mV| ao{S>`mo H$s gr_mE± h¢Ÿ& ao{S>`mo H$m g§Mma BH$ham (One way) ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

4.3.1.2.2 XyaXe©Z (4.3.1.2.2 XyaXe©Z (4.3.1.2.2 XyaXe©Z (4.3.1.2.2 XyaXe©Z (4.3.1.2.2 XyaXe©Z (Television))))) :- BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ _| ÑH$-lmì` _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| XyaXe©Z H$m _hËËdAbJ h¡Ÿ& AmO g§Mma _mÜ`_ _| go à_wI _mÜ`_, {OgHo$ X²dmam _mZdr` g§doXZmE± g§gma Ho$ EH$ H$moZo go Xygao H$moZoVH$ nhþ±MmB© Om gH$Vr h¢, dh h¡ - XyaXe©ZŸ& XyaXe©Z _rbm| Xya ~¡R>o {H$gr ì`pŠV, KQ>Zm, Ñí` `m dñVw H$m hÿ~hÿXe©Z H$amVm h¡Ÿ& XyaXe©Z X²dmam lmoVm `m Xe©H$ g_mMma `m {H$gr KQ>Zm {doeof H$s OmZH$mar Am¡a n¥îR> y{_g_PZo Ho$ {bE ldU Ho$ gmW Ñí` H$m ^r bm^ àmßV H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ao{S>`mo H$s Hw$N> H${_`m± XyaXe©Z Ho$ Am{dîH$mago Xya hþB© h¢Ÿ&

ao{S>`mo Am¡a XyaXe©Z XmoZm| ^r {Zaja ì`pŠV`m| VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE A{VCÎm_ gmYZ {gX²Y hþE h¢& ao{S>`moVmo g§Mma H$m H$m\$s gñVm gmYZ {gX²Y hþAm h¡Ÿ& CgH$s AÝ` {deofVm CgH$m {dX² wV a{hV joÌ _| gwZm Om gH$Zmh¡Ÿ& O~{H$ XyaXe©Z Ho$ {bE _±hJo CnH$aU Am¡a {dX² wV gm_J«r hmoZm A{Zdm © h¡Ÿ& {\$a ^r AmO "X¥H$-lmì`'_mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| XyaXe©Z H$s bmoH${à`Vm A{YH$ h¡Ÿ&

4.3.24.3.24.3.24.3.24.3.2 nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ :nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ :nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ :nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ :nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ :

4.3.2.1 g§nmXH$s`4.3.2.1 g§nmXH$s`4.3.2.1 g§nmXH$s`4.3.2.1 g§nmXH$s`4.3.2.1 g§nmXH$s` :- g_mMma nÌm| _| g§nmXH$s` H$m AnZm _hËËd hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` Ho$ {~Zm g_mMma nÌAYyam h¡Ÿ& g_ñV g_mMma-nÌ H$s Zr{V "g§nmXH$s`' hmoVr h¡Ÿ& gånyU© g_mMma-nÌ H$m AmYmañV§ VWm CgH$m{ZMmo‹S> hr g§nmXH$s` h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` _| Amgnmg H$s VmOm KQ>ZmAm| na g§nmXH$ `m ghg§nmXH$ AnZr am` {bIVmh¡Ÿ& dh am` nyao g_mMma-nÌ H$s am` _mZr OmVr h¡Ÿ& ^bo hr g_mMma-nÌ _| g§nmXH$s` H$m _hËËd {deof hmo,bo{H$Z h AZw_mZ bJm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ Hw$b nmR>H$ dJ© Ho$ Ho$db N>h à{VeV nmR>H$ g§nmXH$s` n‹T>Vo h¢Ÿ& bo{H$Z h_hËËdnyU© dJ© h¡, {OZ_| {MÝVH$, ~wX²{YOrdr Am¡a à~wX²Y nmR>H$ AmVo h¢Ÿ&

g§nmXH$s` g_mMma nÌ H$m dh {hñgm h¡, {Ogo Am_ nmR>H$ A§V _| n‹T>Vm h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$m| _| Bg boIZ H$sê${M H$_ hr hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AWm©V² BgHo$ AZoH$ H$maU r h¢, O¡go Bg {df` _| Omo {bIm OmVm h¡, dh Am¡gV nmR>H$m| H$moÜ`mZ _| aIH$a Zht {bIm OmVmŸ& g§nmXH$s` Bg Vah {bIm OmVm h¡,$ Omo OZ_V Ho$ {Z_m©VmAm| Am¡a CZ ì`pŠV`m|H$mo à^m{dV H$a gHo$, Omo {H$ Zr{V Ho$ g§X © _| dmñV{dH$ AWm] _| _hËËdnyU© hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` {bIVo g_`g§nmXH$ à^mdembr nmR>H$m|, g_mO Ho$ _hËËdnyU© ì`pŠV`m| O¡go ~‹S>o-~‹S>o CX² moJn{V`m|, S>m°ŠQ>am|, dH$sbm|,


(45) (45) (45) (45) (45)

ì`mnm[a`m|, {ejH$m| VWm AÝ` ì`pŠV`m| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo h¢& g§nmXH$ g§nmXH$s` X²dmam g_H$mbrZ KQ>ZmAm| H$m{díbofU H$aHo$ Am¡a CZHo$ _hËËd na àH$me ‹S>mbH$a Am_ OZVm H$mo gË` VWm AgË` go AdJV H$amVo h¢Ÿ&g§nmXH$s` boIm| Ho$ A§VJ©V ñWmZr` KQ>ZmAm| go boH$a g§ wŠV amîQ> g§K Ho$ ~mao _| M{M©V ~mVm| na ^r àH$me S>mcmOmVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` boI {dMmam| H$s A{^ì`pŠV Am¡a g_H$mbrZ KQ>ZmAm| _| {Z{hV J§ ra AW© H$s ì`m»`m H$aZoH$m à`mg H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

g§nmXH$s` boIZ H$m _hËËdg§nmXH$s` boIZ H$m _hËËdg§nmXH$s` boIZ H$m _hËËdg§nmXH$s` boIZ H$m _hËËdg§nmXH$s` boIZ H$m _hËËd :- g§nmXH$s` {bIZm ghO H$m © Zht h¡Ÿ& EH$ AÀN>o g§nmXH$s` boIZ Ho$ {bE{df`kmZ, Xoe-H$mb-dmVmdaU H$m kmZ, {dídgZr`Vm, g_gm_{`H$ KQ>ZmAm| H$m kmZ, {ZînjVm, VWm {df`{ddoMZ H$s j_Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` boIZ H$aVo g_` {ZåZ ~mVm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIZm Amdí`H$hmoVm h¡ -

1. g§nmXH$s` boI g_mO Ho$ {bE _mJ©Xe©H$ H$s y{_H$m {Z^mVo h¢Ÿ& o boI EH$ Amoa OZ_V {Z_m©U H$m H$m ©H$aVo h¢, VWm Xygar Amoa g_mO _| H$m_ H$aZo dmbo ZoVmAm| H$mo CZHo$ CÎmaXm{`Ëd H$m Am^mg ^r H$amVoh¢Ÿ&

2. g§nmXH$s` boIZ _| B©_mZXmar VWm {dídgZr`Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& K{Q>V KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mao _| Omo VÏ`àñVwV {H$E OmE, do {dídZr` hmoZo Amdí`H$ h¢Ÿ& JbV OmZH$mar XoH$a bmoJm| H$mo nW «îQ> H$aZo H$mà`mg Z H$a|Ÿ&

3. g§nmXH$s` boI g_mMma nÌ H$s Zr{V`m| Am¡a A{^ê${M`m| Ho$ n[aMm`H$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg Zr{V Ho$ AZwgma hr{H$gr ^r KQ>Zm H$m {díbofU {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

4. g§nmXH$s` boIH$ AnZo ì`pŠVJV ñdmW© go h_oem Xya ah|Ÿ& dh nyd©J«h Xy{fV Z hmoŸ& {H$gr KQ>Zm Ho$ VÏ`m|H$mo àñVwV H$aVo g_` {ZH$mbo JE {ZîH$f© h_oem {Zînj hmoZo Amdí`H$ h¢Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` H$m H$m © g_mOH$mo ‹S>H$mZm, yar- yar àe§gm H$aZm VWm {H$gr H$m PyR>m g_W©Z H$aZm Zht h¡Ÿ&

5. g§nmXH$s` boIZ Ho$ {bE nhbo {df` H$m MwZmd {H$`m OmVm h¡, ~mX _| VÏ`m| H$mo {ZH$mbm OmVm h¡ Am¡a{\$a {ZîH$f© àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& g\$b g§nmXH$s` boIZ Ho$ {bE JhZ AÜ``Z Am¡a {ddoMZ H$sAmdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

6. g§nmXH$s` boIZ gm_mÝ`V: VrZ {d^mJm| _| àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡ - Am{X, _Ü` Am¡a A§VŸ& VrZm| I§S>EH$-Xygao na {Q>Ho$ hm|Ÿ& A§{V_ I§S> g§nmXH$s` H$m {ZîH$f© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ àW_ I§S> _| g_ñ`m H$m H$WZ,Xygao I§S> _| CgH$m {díbofU VWm Vrgao I§S> _| Cg na {Q>ßnUr hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

7. g§nmXH$s` boI gm_{`H$ VWm g§{jßV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg_| {eîQ> ^mfm Am¡a Jwê$ e¡br H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& oboI g_mMma nÌ H$s Zr{V`m| Ho$ Xn©U hmoVo h¢ VWm gm_mÝ`V: nÌ Ho$ _Ü` n¥îR> na àH$m{eV {H$E OmVoh¢Ÿ&


(46)(46)(46)(46)(46)

AmXe© g§nmXH$s` Ho$ JwU AmXe© g§nmXH$s` Ho$ JwU AmXe© g§nmXH$s` Ho$ JwU AmXe© g§nmXH$s` Ho$ JwU AmXe© g§nmXH$s` Ho$ JwU :-

1. g§nmXH$s` boIZ _| gm{hpË`H$Vm H$m nwQ hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& ^mfm _| ghOVm hmo Am¡a nmR>H$m| H$mo n‹T>ZoAm¡a g_PZo _| dh ghO hmoŸ& BZ boIm| H$m g§{jßV Am¡a gm_{`H$ hmoZm ^r Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

2. g§nmXH$s` boIm| _| ì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZm H$mo ñWmZ Zht {X`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ& o boI H$^r bmnadmhr go Z{bIo OmE±Ÿ& Bg_| gmdYmZr ~aVZr Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

3. g§nmXH$s` _| Omo {bIm J`m h¡ dh VH©$g§JV hmoŸ& g§ V, g§ {_V Am¡a gab ^mfm Bg boIZ H$m {deofJwU h¡Ÿ& {df` Am¡a Cggo g§~§{YV g_ñV gyú_Vm H$m kmZ g§nmXH$s` boIH$ H$mo hmoŸ&

4. g§nmXH$s` boIm| _| VÏ`m| H$mo gwê${MnyU© ê$n go àñVwV {H$`m OmE& BZH$m CX²Xoí` _Zmoa§OZ, {dMmam| H$mg¥OZ Am¡a g§àofU VWm {H$gr _hËËdnyU© g_mMma H$m Eogm ^mî` àñVwV H$aZm hmo, {Oggo nmR>H$ CgH$m_hËËd g_P gHo$Ÿ&

gmam§e, g§nmXH$s` {Z`{_V {bIm OmZo dmbm boI h¡Ÿ& `h àm`: g§nmXH$ {bIVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` _|gm_{`H$ KQ>ZmAm| `m {deof g_mMma na g§nmXH$ H$s {Q>ßnUr hþAm H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| g_mMma go g§~§{YV VÏ`,g_mMma H$s n¥îR> y{_, g_mMma H$m XyaJm_r à^md, KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ H$maUm| H$s ì`m»`m, AmbmoMZm Ed§ gwPmd Am{Xna ~b {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

Z°eZb H$mÝ\«o$Ýg Am¡a ES>rQ>mo[a`b amBQ>g©, A_o[aH$m 1949 X²dmam g§nmXH$s` boIZ Ho$ {bE {XE JEgwPmd g§{jßV ê$n go {ZåZmZwgma h¢ -

(1) g§nmXH$s` boIH$ VÏ` Ho$ AmYma na {bIo, Bg_| {ZînjVm hmoŸ& (2) g§nmXH$s` VÏ` AY©-gË`VÏ`m| na Z {bIo OmE±Ÿ& (3) nmR>H$m| H$mo {H$gr n[apñW{V _| Jw_amh H$aZo H$m à`mg Z H$a|Ÿ& (4) g§nmXH$s` boIH$AnZo {ZOr {hVm| go boI H$mo à^m{dV Z H$a|Ÿ& (5) g§nmXH$s` boIH$ AnZo boI H$m ñd § nwZarjU H$a Cgo àH$meZhoVw àñVwV H$a|Ÿ& (6) g§nmXH$s` boIH$ AnZr AÝVam©Ë_m Ho$ {déX²Y Hw$N> Z {bI|Ÿ& (7) g§nmXH$s` boIH$ AnZo{damo{Y`m| Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo ^r boIm| _| ñWmZ X| VWm ñd § H$mo gdm}n[a Z g_PoŸ&

4.3.3.24.3.3.24.3.3.24.3.3.24.3.3.2\$sMa\$sMa\$sMa\$sMa\$sMa :- nÌH$m[aVm _| \$sMa H$m _hËËd AZÝ`gmYmaU h¡Ÿ& d¡go XoIm OmE Vmo `h nÌH$m[aVm H$m hrEH$ {hñgm h¡; bo{H$Z BgH$m boIZ, g_mMma Ho$ boIZ go {~ëHw$b AbJ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma, VmËH$m{bH$KQ>ZmAm| H$m WmVÏ` A{^boI hmoVm h¡, Am¡a \$sMa AmH$ñ_mV K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr KQ>ZmAm| na m g_mMma Am{X na{H$`m hþAm H$bmË_H$ qMVZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE g_` H$s H$moB© nm~§Xr Zht hmoVr, AnZr BÀN>m Ho$ AZwgmaàg§JmZwHy$b {bIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& H$moB© ^r {deof `m àYmZ boI, Omo {H$gr nÌ-n{ÌH$m _| {H$gr AbJ {df` naàH$m{eV hmoVm h¡, Cgo \$sMa (ê$nH$) H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& qhXr _| \$sMa Ho$ {bE "ê$nH$ê$nH$ê$nH$ê$nH$ê$nH$' eãX àM{bV h¡, bo{H$ZAmO H$b qhXr nÌH$m[aVm _| \$sMa Zm_ hr A{YH$ àM{bV h¡Ÿ&

nÌH$m[aVm _| \$sMa EH$ Eogr aMZm h¡, {OgHo$ _mÜ`_ go g§nmXH$ `m boIH$, nmR>H$ H$mo AnZo AZw dAm¡a AnZo go {^ÝZ ì`mnH$ OZ-g_yh H$s ^mdZm go n[a{MV H$amVm h¡Ÿ& ñWmZr` ~mVm| H$s PbH$ Cg_| hmoVr h¡Am¡a {OZ AZw y{V`m| H$mo CgZo AmË_gmV {H$`m h¡, CÝh| dh Cgr gKZVm go A{^ì`ŠV H$aVm h¡, {Og gKZVm Ho$


(47) (47) (47) (47) (47)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)

gmW CgZo CZ AZw y{V`m| H$m AZw d {H$`m h¡Ÿ& {dX²dmZm| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ _mZd H$s ^mdZmAm| VWm _Z H$moCËào[aV H$aZo dmbm boI hr \$sMa h¡Ÿ& _mZd _Z _| ào_, H$ê$Um, K¥Um, ^` Am{X AZoH$ _mZdr` ^mdZmE± hmoVrh¢, Am¡a \$sMa Ho$ {df` BÝht _mZdr` ^mdZmAm| Ho$ BX©-{JX© Ky_Vo h¢Ÿ& g_mO _| H$moB© {deof KQ>Zm K{Q>V hmoVr h¡,Vmo \$sMa Bg ~mV na {Q>ßnUr H$aVo h¢ {H$ dh KQ>Zm Š`m| KQ>r VWm CgH$m n[aUm_ Š`m hmoJmŸ& gmam§e _§o \$sMag_mMma nÌm| _| àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbo {H$gr {deof KQ>Zm, ì`pŠV, Ord-OÝVw, ñWmZ `m n[adoe go g§~§{YV dh{d{eîQ> AmboI h¡, Omo H$ënZmerbVm Am¡a g¥OZmË_H$ H$m¡eb Ho$ gmW _Zmoa§OH$ Am¡a AmH$f©H$ e¡br _| àñVwV{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma Am¡a \$sMa _| oX g_mMma Am¡a \$sMa _| oX g_mMma Am¡a \$sMa _| oX g_mMma Am¡a \$sMa _| oX g_mMma Am¡a \$sMa _| oX :- g_mMma Am¡a \$sMa Xmo AbJ-AbJ ~mV| h¢Ÿ& BZ_| à_wI A§Va `h h¡ {H$ g_mMma_| _mÌ VÏ`mË_H$ [anmoQ>© hmoVo h¢Ÿ& KQ>Zm K{Q>V hmoZo Ho$ ~mX N>: H$H$mam| (Š`m, H$~, H$hm±, Š`m|, H$m¡Z Am¡a H¡$go)H$m CÎma g_mMma _| {_bVm h¡Ÿ& \$sMa Bggo {^ÝZ h¡, `h VÏ`m| H$mo ^mdmË_H$ e¡br _| àñVwV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$s^mfm b{bV Am¡a e¡br d¡ pŠVH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& \$sMa {H$gr gdmb H$m Odm~ Zht hmoVmŸ& g_mMma Ho$ g_mZ dhg§{jßV Zht hmoVm, ~pëH$ CgH$m AmH$ma boIH$ `m g§nmXH$ H$s e¡brJV {d{eîQ>VmAm| na Adb§{~V hmoVm h¡Ÿ&g_mMma _ybV: VÏ`naH$ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ \$sMa _| VÏ`m| Ho$ {dñVma Ho$ gmW {díbofUmË_H$ nj na A{YH$ ~b{X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& \$sMa H$s mfm A{YH$ MwñV Am¡a gm{hpË`H$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& \$sMa _| boIH$ AnZr mdZmAm|, YmaUmAm|Am¡a {dMmam| H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñdV§Ì hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ g_mMma _| Eogm Zht {H$`m Om gH$VmŸ&

boI Am¡a \$sMa _| A§VaboI Am¡a \$sMa _| A§VaboI Am¡a \$sMa _| A§VaboI Am¡a \$sMa _| A§VaboI Am¡a \$sMa _| A§Va :- boI Am¡a \$sMa _| H$m\$s _mÌm _| g_mZVm hr hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {\$a ^r BZ XmoZm| _| A§Va h¡Ÿ&BZ XmoZm| _| EH$ g_mZVm `h hmoVr h¡ {H$ XmoZm| H$s boIZ e¡br g_mMma Ho$ boIZ go nyU©V`m {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& boIVÏ` Am¡a Am±H$‹S>m| Ho$ AmYma na {dMma àdU hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg_| `WmW© _ybH$Vm hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ \$sMa boIZ Ho$ {bE{deof Vm¡a na AZw y{V`m|, ^mdZmAm|, AdbmoH$Z VWm H$ënZmerbVm H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& \$sMa boIZ H$mH$m © AË`{YH$ H$bmË_H$ Am¡a H${R>Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ& boI {bIZo _| nm§{S>Ë`nyU© e¡br R>rH$ hmo gH$Vr h¡, bo{H$Z \$sMa Ho${bE Bg e¡br go H$m_ Zht Mb gH$VmŸ& \$sMa H$s e¡br gab Am¡a ghO hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

boI {bIZo Ho$ {bE g§X © J«§Wm| H$s, {H$Vm~m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ \$sMa boIZ Ho$ {bEAZw y{V`m| Am¡a ^mdZmAm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& \$sMa Am¡a boI XmoZm| H$s {df`dñVw Vmo EH$ hmo gH$Vr h¡,bo{H$Z CZH$m à{VnmXZ Am¡a CX²Xoí` {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& boI {H$gr {df` H$mo J§ raVm go n«ñVwV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z\$sMa _OoXma, {XbMñn Am¡a {XbnH$‹S> hmoVo h¢, {Oggo nmRH$> H$mo kmZ ^r {_bVm h¡ Am¡a AmZ§X H$s àmpßV ^rhmoVr h¡Ÿ&

H$hmZr Am¡a \$sMa _| A§Va H$hmZr Am¡a \$sMa _| A§Va H$hmZr Am¡a \$sMa _| A§Va H$hmZr Am¡a \$sMa _| A§Va H$hmZr Am¡a \$sMa _| A§Va :- \$sMa Am¡a H$hmZr _| Hw$N> ~w{Z`mXr A§Va hmoVm h¡, Omo H$m\$s ñnîQ> ê$n go {XIVmh¡Ÿ& H$hmZr H$m nyam H$Ï` H$ënZm Ho$ AmYma na aMm OmVm h¡, O~{H$ \$sMa Mmho ì`pŠVàYmZ hmo `m KQ>ZmàYmZ,CgH$s aMZm VÏ`m| Ho$ BX©-{JX© hmoVr h¡Ÿ& H$hmZr _| VÏ` Zht hmoVoŸ& Cg_| H$hmZrH$ma AnZr H$ënZm Ho$ ~b naEH$ AbJ g§gma hr aMVm h¡, {Oggo nmR>H$ nb a AmZ§X nmVm h¡Ÿ& \$sMa _| VÏ` Vmo hmoVo hr h¢, bo{H$Z VÏ`m| H$moBg àH$ma àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ Cg_| H$Wm-ag H$m ^r g_mdoe hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&

(48)(48)(48)(48)(48) nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ (1)

\$sMa Ho$ àH$ma\$sMa Ho$ àH$ma\$sMa Ho$ àH$ma\$sMa Ho$ àH$ma\$sMa Ho$ àH$ma :- g_mO _| K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr g^r KQ>ZmE± \$sMa H$m {df` ~Z gH$Vr h¢Ÿ& dmñVd _| \$sMa Ho${df` AZoH$ h¢Ÿ& O~ h_ \$sMa Ho$ àH$mam| Ho$ ~mao _| gmoMVo h¢, Vmo nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ \$sMa _| `m Vmo {H$gr KQ>ZmHo$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm§o na àH$me S>mbVo hþE CgH$m VÏ`mË_H$ {MÌU `m {díbofU {H$`m OmVm h¡ AWdm ì`pŠV`m|,ñWmZm|, Am{X H$s {deofVmAm| na àH$me S>mbm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$N> \$sMa {ddaUmË_H$ `m {díbofUmË_H$ Z hmoH$a{MÝVZ àYmZ ^r hmoVo h¢Ÿ& àd¥{Îm Ho$ AmYma na \$rMa H$mo {ZåZ àH$mam| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ -

1.1.1.1.1. KQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMaKQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMaKQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMaKQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMaKQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMa :- KQ>ZmË_H$ \$sMa H$mo g_mMma-\$rMag_mMma-\$rMag_mMma-\$rMag_mMma-\$rMag_mMma-\$rMa ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ àË oH$g_mMma Ho$ _yb _| H$moB© Z H$moB© KQ>Zm Adí` hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {H$gr g_mMma H$mo XoIH$a g§dmXXmVm `m boIH$ O~ `hAZw d H$aVm h¡ {H$ Bg g_mMma Ho$ Hw$N> Eogo _mZdr` nhbw h¢, {OÝh| \$sMa H$m ê$n {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡, Vmo dhAnZo {eën H$m¡eb X²dmam KQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMa V¡ ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& KQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMa H$m boIH$ g_mMma nÌm| H$m ~‹S>mgyú_ {ZarjU H$aVm h¡ Am¡a dh CZ g_mMmam| H$s Vbme _| ahVm h¡, {Og_| Cgo \$sMa Ho$ ~rO àmßV hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&Cgr ~rO H$mo A§Hw$[aV H$a dh Cgo KQ>Zm_ybH$ \$sMa Ho$ ê$n _| {dñVm[aV H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$^r-H$^r EH$ g_mZ AZoH$ g_mMmam| H$mo XoIH$a `m n‹T>H$a \$sMa boIH$ CZ g^r KQ>ZmAm| _| go EH$VÏ` H$s ImoO H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo H$bmË_H$ ê$n go H$ënZmerbVm Ho$ ghmao \$sMa boIZ Ho$ {eën Ho$ _mÜ`_ goàñVwV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Eogr KQ>ZmAm| _| g_mMma H$s VwbZm _| \$sMa H$s J«møVm Am¡a ñdrH$m ©Vm H$B© JwZm ~‹T> OmVr h¡Ÿ&

2.2.2.2.2. {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa :- Hw$N> {d{eîQ> ~mV| AnZr {deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU {deof Adgam| Am¡a {deofñWmZm| na Eogm ñdê$n J«hU H$a boVr h¢ {H$ nmR>H$ CZHo$ ~mao _| A{YH$m{YH$ OmZH$mar amoMH$ ‹T>§J go àmßV H$aZmMmhVm h¡Ÿ& Eogo {df`m| na {bIo JE \$sMa {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& {d{^ÝZ joÌm| _| AZoH$ ì`pŠV`m| ZoAnZo H$_© go AnZr AbJ nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡Ÿ& g_mO-godm, amOZr{V, H$bm, gm{hË`, ì`mnma Ed§ CX² moJ Am{X{d{^ÝZ joÌm| _| AZoH$ d¡ pŠVH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU Hw$N> bmoJ AnZm {d{eîQ> ñWmZ ~ZmVo h¢, {OÝh| {d{eîQ>m_ybH$\$sMa _| àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$N> gmYmaU bmoJ r AnZo AgmYmaU H$_© go AMmZH$ MMm© _| Am OmVo h¢Ÿ& BgHo$Abmdm d¡km{ZH$ VWm AZwg§YmZ Ho$ joÌ _| ^r {ZV ZB© ImoO hmoVr ahVr h¡Ÿ& Hw$N> {Ibm‹S>r amVmo-amV "{hamo' ~ZOmVo h¢Ÿ& Eogo AZoH$ àg§J, ì`pŠV `m KQ>Zm {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa Ho$ H$Wm ~rO ~Z OmVo h¢Ÿ&

Xw{Z`m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ eha, Eo{Vhm{gH$ ñWb, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Yamoha Am¡a àmH¥${VH$ KQ>ZmE± r g_`-g_` na{H$gr Z {H$gr H$maU go M{M©V ahVr h¢Ÿ& nmR>H$ BZ g~Ho$ ~mao _| OmZZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ& BZ g^r {df`dñVw Ho$ AmYmana {bIo OmZo dmbo \$sMa {d{eîQ>m_ybH$ \$sMa H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& {df`dñVw Ho$ AmYma na Bg àH$ma Ho$ \$sMam| H$mo VrZ^mJm| _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡ - ì`pŠV-naH$ \$sMa, ñWmZ-naH$ \$sMa Am¡a dñVw-naH$ \$sMaŸ& (g§X © J«§W -nÌH$m[aVm hoVw boIZ - S>m°. {Zem§V qgh, AM©Zm àH$meZ, ZB© {Xëbr)

3.3.3.3.3. {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa :- g_mO _| K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr AZoH$ {d{MÌ, AgmYmaU, M_ËH$m[aH$ KQ>ZmAm|Ho$ AmYma na {bIo OmZo dmbo \$rMa {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& {díd {d{dYVmAm| go ^am hþAm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$dñVw, ì`pŠV Ed§ KQ>ZmE± Eogr h¢, Á`mo gm_mÝ` go hQ>H$a h¢Ÿ& Hw$N> bmoJm| H$s AgmYmaU j_Vm, AgmYmaU ñ_aU-epŠV, Amhma j_Vm, ~wX²{Y H$m¡eb, gm_m{OH$ AmMaU Am{X {df` na \$sMa Ho$ H$Wm ~rO ~ZVo h¢Ÿ& nwZO©Ý_


H$s H$WmE±, {H$gr _Zwî` Ho$ gmW K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr AZhmoZr, {d{^ÝZ OZOm{V`m| Ho$ ar{V-[admO, àWmE± VWmAgmYmaU _mZdr` ì`dhmam| H$mo {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa _| àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

`{X {H$gr ì`pŠV Zo AnZo ~mb m ZmIyZ ~‹T>mE, Vmo h {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMa H$m {df` ~Z gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&CgZo Eogm Š`m| {H$`m ? CgH$m CX²Xoí`, àoaUm Am¡a CgHo$ n[aUm_ H$mo CgH$m gmjmËH$ma boVo hþE \$sMa _| ñnîQ>{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {d{MÌVm_ybH$ \$sMam| H$s g_mMma nÌm| _| AÀN>r InV h¡Ÿ&

4.4.4.4.4. {MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa{MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa{MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa{MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa{MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa :- {MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa _w»`V: Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& EH$ {OZ_| {H$gr KQ>Zm-MH«$H$s Jhar N>mZ~rZ Am¡a CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$m Vm{ËËdH$ {díbofU H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$m Cng§hma nmR>H$ H$s{MÝVZ-epŠV H$mo PH$PmoaZo Ho$ {~ÝXw na {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Xygao àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa do hmoVo h¢, Omo {H$gr{deof n[apñW{V, àg§J AWdm dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V \$sMa boIH$ Ho$ {MÝVZ Am¡a _ZZ H$mo àñVwV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `hàñVwVrH$aU Hw$N> Eogm hmoVm h¡ {H$ nmR>H$ Ho$ gmW CgH$m gmYmaUrH$aU hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh AZw d H$aZo bJVmh¡ {H$ Omo Hw$N> boIH$ H$h ahm h¡, dh em`X Cgr Ho$ _Zmo mdm| H$s A{^ì`pŠV h¡Ÿ&

àW_ àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa H$s aMZm Cg KQ>Zm Ho$ Amgnmg hmoVr h¡, Omo gm_mÝ` nmR>H$m| H$sê${M H$m {df` hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma \$sMa _| {dídgZr`Vm _hËËdnyU© hmoVr h¡, Bg{bE Hw$N> VÏ`m|, CXmhaUm| H$mo^r àñVwV H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Xygao àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa {deof _Z:pñW{V`m|, n[apñW{V`m| Am¡a Hw$N> àg§Jm|Ho$ à{V CX² yV _mZ{gH$ à{V{H«$`mAm| H$mo {M{ÌV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ \$sMa boIZ hoVw boIH$ _| CÀM H$mo{Q> H$sg¥OZmË_H$ à{V^m H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

CnamoŠV àH$mam| Ho$ Abmdm {df` H$s {d{dYVm Am¡a CgHo$ {dñVma H$s ÑpîQ> go \$sMa Ho$ Hw$N> Am¡a àH$ma^r hmo gH$Vo h¢ Omo g§{jßV _| {ZåZmZwgma h¡ -

1) g_mMmam| na AmYm[aV \$sMa, 2) gm§ñH¥${VH$ \$sMa, 3) {d{eîQ> KQ>ZmAm| na AmYm[aV \$sMa,4) amOZr{VH$ KQ>ZmAm| na AmYm[aV \$sMa, 5) gm_m{OH$ KQ>ZmAm| na AmYm[aV \$sMa, 6) dmX{ddmX g§~§Yr{MÝVm_ybH$ \$sMa, 7) Am±M{bH$ \$sMa, 8) ì`pŠV {deof na AmYm[aV \$sMa Am{XŸ&

\$sMa H$s g§aMZm\$sMa H$s g§aMZm\$sMa H$s g§aMZm\$sMa H$s g§aMZm\$sMa H$s g§aMZm :- g_mMma nÌm| _| \$sMa H$s g§aMZm {ZpíMV H$s JB© h¡Ÿ& Mmho \$sMa {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m Š`m|Z hmo, CgH$s g§aMZm _| CgHo$ Mma ^mJ Adí` hmoVo h¢Ÿ& ha \$sMa BZ Mma A§Jm| go gmH$ma hmoVm h¡ ; O¡go -1) erf©H$, 2) AJ«m§e, 3) H$boda, 4) Cng§hmaŸ& BZ Mma ^mJm| H$s MMm© h_ {dñVma go H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

1.1.1.1.1. erf©H$ erf©H$ erf©H$ erf©H$ erf©H$ :- \$sMa H$m erf©H$ AË §V _hËËdnyU© hmoVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ Bgr H$mo XoIH$a nmR>H$, nyam \$sMa n‹T>ZoH$mo CËgwH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& erf©H$ H$m CX²Xoí` _mÌ {df` H$m n[aM` XoZm Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ& erf©H$ AmH$f©H$ r hmoZm Mm{hEAm¡a Cg_| nmR>H$ H$m Ü`mZ AnZr Amoa AmH${f©V H$aZo H$s j_Vm r hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& erf©H$ àVrH$mË_H$, g§Ho$VmË_H$`m {\$a gab ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& erf©H$ {OVZm MwñV, VmOm Am¡a M_ËH$manyU© hmoVm h¡, CVZm hr dh aMZm H$s AmoaÜ`mZ AmH¥$îQ> H$aZo _| g_W© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& N>moQ>o, gab qH$Vw Amb§H$m[aH$ erf©H$ A{YH$ AmH$f©H$ _mZo OmVo h¢Ÿ& erf©H$H$s gmW©H$Vm Bgr_| h¡ {H$ dh nmR>H$ H$mo \$sMa n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` H$a|, ào[aV H$a§oŸ&


2.2.2.2.2. AJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§e :- \$sMa H$m AJ«m§e AWm©V àma§ , Bgo A§J«oOr _| "B§Q´>moB§Q´>moB§Q´>moB§Q´>moB§Q´>mo' H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& \$sMa H$m AJ«m§e AbJ-AbJ àH$ma go {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& KQ>ZmË_H$ \$sMa _| {H$gr KQ>Zm H$m àma§ Eogo eãXm| AWdm dmŠ`{dÝ`mgm| go {H$`mOmVm h¡, {Oggo AmJo H$m KQ>ZmH«$_ OmZZo H$s CËgwH$Vm nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z _| OJoŸ& H$^r-H$^r AJ«m§e _| H$moB© àíZCnpñWV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m Odm~ AmJo Ho$ n[aÀN>oXm| _| {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$N> boIH$ Ama§ _| H$moB© àmg§{JH$CX²YaU XoVo h¢ Am¡a Cgr H$m {dñVma AmJo H$aVo h¢, {Oggo nyam \$sMa n‹T>Zo _| nmR>H$m| H$mo ê${M bJVr h¡Ÿ& H$^r-H$^r AJ«m§e _| \$sMa H$Wm H$m gdm©{YH$ _hËËdnyU© VÏ` EH$ cKwdmŠ` _| {X`m OmVm h¡, Bgo bKw-dmŠ`m§e B§Q´>mobKw-dmŠ`m§e B§Q´>mobKw-dmŠ`m§e B§Q´>mobKw-dmŠ`m§e B§Q´>mobKw-dmŠ`m§e B§Q´>mo^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

{damoYm^mg AJ«m§e{damoYm^mg AJ«m§e{damoYm^mg AJ«m§e{damoYm^mg AJ«m§e{damoYm^mg AJ«m§e _| nañna {damoYr Xmo pñW{V`m| H$m {MÌU H$aHo$ `m {ddaU XoH$a EH$ Eogm M_ËH$man¡Xm {H$`m OmVm h¡, Omo \$sMa H$Wm Ho$ {bE àmg§{JH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gmÑí`_ybH$ AJ«m§egmÑí`_ybH$ AJ«m§egmÑí`_ybH$ AJ«m§egmÑí`_ybH$ AJ«m§egmÑí`_ybH$ AJ«m§e _| {damoYm^mg AJ«m§e Ho$ R>rH${dnarV, \$sMa Ho$ _w»` VÏ` H$s {H$gr n[a{MV VÏ` go gmÑí`Vm ~VmH$a H$WZ H$mo à^mdr ~Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&H$^r-H$^r AJ«m§e _| AmH$f©H$ eãX-{dÝ`mg Ho$ X²dmam {H$gr ì`pŠV, KQ>Zm H$m {MÌmË_H$ dU©Z ^r àñVwV {H$`mOmVm h¡, {Ogo {MÌmË_H$ AJ«m§e{MÌmË_H$ AJ«m§e{MÌmË_H$ AJ«m§e{MÌmË_H$ AJ«m§e{MÌmË_H$ AJ«m§e ^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.3.3.3. H$bodaH$bodaH$bodaH$bodaH$boda :- AJ«m§e H$m AmJo {dñVma H$aZm hr Cg \$sMa H$m H$boda H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| H$Wm {dñVma `m{dH$mg nmR>H$ H$s Cg AmH$m§jm Ho$ AZwê$n hmoZm Ano{jV h¡, {Ogo AJ«m§e _| OmJ¥V {H$`m WmŸ& àma§ _| H$ht JB©~mV `m CR>mE JE àíZ H$m g_mYmZ AmJo H$boda _| {dñVma go hmoVm h¡Ÿ& H$Wm H$m {dH$mg hr \$sMa H$m H$boda h¡,{Og_| boIH$ AnZr ~mV H$mo H$bmË_H$Vm go ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡Ÿ& \$sMa H$s nyar H$WmdñVw Bg_| gå_r{bV hmoVr h¡Ÿ&\$sMa H$m `ht {hñgm nmR>H$ H$mo {df`dñVw H$s OmZH$mar XoVm h¡ Am¡a AmZ§X ^rŸ&

4.4.4.4.4. Cng§hmaCng§hmaCng§hmaCng§hmaCng§hma :- \$sMa H$m A§{V_ AZwÀN>oX CgH$m Cng§hma H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& Cng§hma H$m ñdê$n \$sMa H$Wm Ho${eën na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡Ÿ& H$^r dh nmR>H$ H$mo Cg {Xem _| gmoMZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$ qMVZ H$mo àoaUm XoVm h¡Ÿ& H$^r dhCgo hmñ`{dZmoX AWdm H$ê$Um H$s ^md- y{_ _| ^r bmH$a N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡Ÿ& AWm©V² \$sMa H$m Cng§hma ^r CVZm hrAmH$f©H$ hmoŸ&

g\$c \$sMa boIZg\$c \$sMa boIZg\$c \$sMa boIZg\$c \$sMa boIZg\$c \$sMa boIZ :- {H$gr \$sMa H$mo g\$b Am¡a ñdrH$m © ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$m Ü`mZ aIZmMm{hE; O¡go - 1) ñdmÜ`m`, 2) g§X ©, 3) g§nÝZ eãX ^m§S>ma, 4) gab boIZ, 5) gå_mohH$ àñVw{V, 6) gmW©H${MÌ-gÁOm, 7) g{H«$` g§nH©$ Am{XŸ&

4.3.2.34.3.2.34.3.2.34.3.2.34.3.2.3 [anmoVm©O [anmoVm©O [anmoVm©O [anmoVm©O [anmoVm©O :- {H$gr KQ>Zm `m ì`pŠV H$m {ddaU OZ{hV _| àñVwV `m àH$m{eV H$aZm "[anmoVm©O'H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& qhXr _| Bgo anQ> boIZ anQ> boIZ anQ> boIZ anQ> boIZ anQ> boIZ ^r H$hVo h¢Ÿ& [anmoVm©O H$moB© ewîH$ g_mMma Zht hmoVm, ~pëH$ Cg_| gm_{`H$KQ>Zm, d¥Îmm§V, VÏ`, {dMma Am¡a ZdrZV_² VWm amoMH$ OmZH$mar ^r hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| {H$gr KQ>Zm H$m {ddaUàñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

"[anmoQ>© boIZ[anmoQ>© boIZ[anmoQ>© boIZ[anmoQ>© boIZ[anmoQ>© boIZ' Am¡a "[anmoVm©O[anmoVm©O[anmoVm©O[anmoVm©O[anmoVm©O'^bo hr g_mZ AW© go XoIo OmVo hm|, qH$Vw BZ_| gyú_ A§Va ^r nm`m OmVmh¡Ÿ& [anmoQ>© boIZ _ybV: KQ>Zm àYmZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cg_| boIH$ H$mo AnZr à{V{H«$`m XoZo H$s ñdV§ÌVm Zht hmoVrŸ&AnZr Amoa go boIH$ Cg_| H$moB© ZB© ~mV Zht Omo‹S> gH$VmŸ& Bgo g_` Am¡a gr_m _| ^r ~m§Ym OmVm h¡Ÿ& [anmoQ>© _| Omo


KQ>Zm O¡gr KQ>r h¡, CgHo$ g§~§Yr g_ñV Amdí`H$ VÏ`m| H$mo H«$_~X²Y ê$n go aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& AZmdí`H$ VÏ`m| H$modhm± ñWmZ Zht {X`m OmVmŸ& H$_ eãXm| _| {deof à^md N>mo‹S>Zo dmbr [anmoQ>© hr g\$b [anmoQ>© _mZr OmVr h¡Ÿ&[anmoVm©O boIZ _| AZoH$ ~mVo§ [anmoQ>© H$s VH$ZrH$ go AbJ nmB© OmVr h¢Ÿ& Bg_| [anmoQ>© g§~§Yr AZoH$ {Z`_m| Am¡a{gX²Ym§Vm| H$mo AZXoIm H$a {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& [anmoVm©O _| boIH$ VQ>ñW Zht ah gH$VoŸ& CÝh| AnZo {dMma _wŠV ê$n goA{^ì`ŠV H$aZo H$s nyar Ny>Q> hmoVr h¡Ÿ& `hm± boIH$ nÌH$ma Ho$ gmW-gmW g§doXZerb gm{hË`H$ma H$s ^r y{_H$m{Z^mVm h¡Ÿ& [anmoVm©µO boIZ H$m CX²Xoí` hr _mZdr` ^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& K{Q>V KQ>ZmAm| H$m_mÌ d¥ËVm§V H$WZ H$a boIH$ AnZm H$m_ nyam Zht H$a gH$Vm, ~pëH$ Cg KQ>Zm H$m _mZdr` ñVa na dh {díbofU^r H$aVm h¡Ÿ& [anmoVm©O {H$gr {ZpíMV g_` na hr {bIm OmE±, Eogm H$moB© ~§YZ Zht hmoVmŸ& AWm©V² h H$mb gr_m_§o Am~X²Y Zht h¡Ÿ& [anmoVm©O KQ>Zm Ho$ Vwa§V ~mX AWdm Hw$N> g_` ~mX ^r àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡; bo{H$Z BgH$m_hËËd XrK©H$m{bH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

4.3.2.44.3.2.44.3.2.44.3.2.44.3.2.4 gmjmËH$ma gmjmËH$ma gmjmËH$ma gmjmËH$ma gmjmËH$ma :- gmjmËH$ma nÌH$m[aVm H$s AË §V _hËËdnyU© {dYm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma àmßV H$aZo Ho$ _hËËdnyU©ñÌmoV Ho$ ê$n _| Bg {dYm H$m _hËËd h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m Ho$ Bg wJ _| gmjmËH$ma H$m _hËËd Am¡a A{YH$ ~‹T>J`m h¡Ÿ& AI~mam| Ho$ {bE gmjmËH$ma boVo g_` g§dmXXmVm, gmjmËH$maXmVm go ~mVMrV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg ~mVMrVHo$ AmYma na gmjmËH$ma {bIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {dnarV BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m _| gmjmËH$ma H$Vm© H$mo gmjmV H¡$_aoHo$ gm_Zo {~R>mH$a Cggo gdmc-Odm~ {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& gmjmËH$ma boZo H$s H$B© VH$ZrH|$ h¢Ÿ& {H$gr {d{eîQ> ì`pŠVH$mo àíZmdbr oOH$a Cggo Odm~ r _±JdmE OmVo h¢ Am¡a {\$a CgHo$ Odm~m| Ho$ AmYma na gmjmËH$ma {bIm OmVmh¡Ÿ& AmOH$b H$s ^mJXm¡‹S> dmbr qOXJr _| g^r Ho$ nmg g_` H$s ^mar H$_r h¡, {Og H$maU AmOH$b "Q>o{b\$mo{ZH$B§Q>aì y' r H$m\$s àMbZ _| h¡& nÌH$m[aVm Mmho qàQ> H$s hmo m BboŠQ>m°{ZH$, gmjmËH$ma H$m _hËËd Bg_| {deof h¡&

n[a^mfmn[a^mfmn[a^mfmn[a^mfmn[a^mfm :- "gmjmËH$ma' A§J«oOr Ho$ eãX B§Q>aì y (B§Q>aì y (B§Q>aì y (B§Q>aì y (B§Q>aì y (Interview))))) H$m qhXr n`m© h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡ - "^rVaPm§H$Zm'Ÿ& gmjmËH$ma Ho$ O[aE nÌH$ma gm_Zo dmbo ì`pŠV Ho$ ^rVa Pm§H$H$a hr _hËËdynU© ~mVm| H$m nVm bJmVmh¡Ÿ& ""gmjmËH$ma dh {d{Y h¡, {OgHo$ _mÜ`_ go {H$gr Am¡nMm[aH$ {df` na Am_Zo-gm_Zo hmoH$a ~mVMrV H$sOmVr h¡Ÿ&'' gab eãXm| _| gmjmËH$ma EH$ {deof àH$ma H$s ~mVMrV h¡Ÿ& AmOH$b ì`pŠVJV g§nH©$ Ho$ AbmdmXya^mf X²dmam ^r Bg à{H«$`m H$mo g§nÝZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& dmñVd _| gË` H$s Vh VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m _mÜ`_ gmjmËH$mah¡Ÿ& dmñVd _| `h EH$ H$bm h¡Ÿ&

""^m¡{VH$ ê$n go XoIm OmE Vmo CX²Xoí`nyU© ~mVMrV hr gmjmËH$ma h¡Ÿ&'' gmjmËH$ma, nÌH$m[aVm H$s EH$AZyR>r Am¡a {deof {dYm h¡, {Og_| nÌH$ma H$s Hw$ebVm {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& gmjmËH$ma Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& nhbm,A{V-{d{eîQ> `m _hËËdnyU© ì`pŠV go gmjmËH$ma, Omo g_mMma H$s ÑpîQ> go AË §V _hËËdnyU© hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Xygao àH$ma_| AZOmZ ì`pŠV`m| m ~hþV H$_ à{gX²Y ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ gmjmËH$ma AmVo h¢, Omo AnZo g_mMma _yë` Ho$ H$maU Zht;~pëH$ Hw$N> AZmoIr KQ>Zm Ho$ H$maU g_mMma nÌm| _| ñWmZ nmVo h¢Ÿ& gmjmËH$ma H$s à{H«$`m _| g§dmXXmVm H$mì`pŠVËd H$m\$s _hËËdnyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ g^r VarH$m| Am¡a ñÌm|Vm| _| gmjmËH$ma H$mo g~go A{YH$à^mdembr _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&


gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí`gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí`gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí`gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí`gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí` :- CX²Xoí`nyU© ~mVMrV H$mo gmjmËH$ma H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& AWm©V gmjmËH$ma Ho$ H$B© CX²Xoí` hmogH$Vo h¢, {OZ_| go Hw$N> _hËËdnyU© CX²Xoí` {ZåZmZwgma h¢ -

1. gmjmËH$ma H$m àmW{_H$ CX²Xoí` CÎmaXmVm Ho$ gm_Zo àñVwV hmoZm Am¡a CgHo$ ì`pŠVËd go g§~§{YVOmZH$mar àmßV H$aZmŸhmoVm h¡& Cg ì`pŠV H$s g\$bVm, CgH$m H$m ©, ^{dî` H$s `moOZmE± VWm AÝ`~mVm| Ho$ ~mao _| OmZZm Am¡a `h OmZH$mar bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo àH$Q> H$aZm ^r gmjmËH$ma H$m CX²Xoí` hmoVmh¡Ÿ&

2. H$moB© gm_mÝ` ì`pŠV {H$gr ~‹S>r XwK©Q>Zm H$m$ àË`jXeu hmoVm h¡, Eogo ì`pŠV go àË`j XoIr JB© XwK©Q>Zm Ho$~mao _| OmZH$mar àmßV H$aZm ^r gmjmËH$ma H$m CX²Xoí` hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {H$gr ~‹S>r aob XwK©Q>Zm `mAp½ZH$m§S> Ho$ àË`jXeu, {H$gr XwK©Q>Zm go AmhV ì`pŠV`m| go gmjmËH$ma Bg loUr _| AmVo h¢Ÿ& EogogmjmËH$ma g_mMma H$mo à^mdnyU© Am¡a gOrd ~ZmVo h¢Ÿ&

3. {H$gr gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo COmJa H$aZm ^r gmjmËH$ma H$m _hËËdnyU© CX²Xoí` h¡Ÿ&Eogr g_ñ`mAm| _| AQ>Ho$ hþE bmoJm| H$m gmjmËH$ma boZm, CZH$s "Amn~rVr' OZVm Ho$ gm_Zo bmZm Am¡aCg g_ñ`m H$s J§ raVm na àH$me S>mbZmŸ& {H$gr gm_m{OH$ KQ>Zm `m Hw$ar{V Ho$ nrN>o {N>no H$maUm| H$mo^r gmjmËH$ma X²dmam dmUr Xr Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

4. amîQ>r` `m Am§V©amîQ>r` KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mao _| `m {H$gr {deof ~mV H$mo boH$a {deofk ì`pŠV go gmjmËH$maX²dmam OmZH$mar br OmVr h¡Ÿ& amîQ> H$m ~OQ> Kmo{fV hmoZo na AW©emñÌ Ho$ {dX²dmZm|, gy ©J«hU n‹S>Zo naIJmoc{dkmZr, yH§$n AmZo na y-d¡km{ZH$ Am{X go KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mao _| nyN>m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$gmjmËH$mam| X²dmam AZoH$ Ame§H$mAm| H$m g_mYmZ ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

5. {H$gr ~‹S>o amOZr{Vk go gm_m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ _gbm| na MMm© H$a Cg {df` na CZHo$ {dMmam| H$moOZVm Ho$ gm_Zo gmjmËH$ma X²dmam hr nhþ±Mm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& gaH$ma Zr{V na nj-{dnj Ho$ ZoVmAm| go H$sOmZo dmbr ~mVMrV X²dmam AZoH$ VÏ`m| H$mo COmJa {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ZoVmAm| Ho$ gmjmËH$mam| go OZVm H$mo{H$gr {ZU© VH$ nhþ±MZo Am¡a OZ_V H$m {Z_m©U H$aZo _| ghm`Vm {_bVr h¡Ÿ&

6. {H$gr Am_ gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m H$mo boH$a Am_ AmX_r Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo ^r CZHo$ gmjmËH$ma X²dmam OmZZmgab hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _±hJmB©, Xoe H$m H$mZyZ, amOZoVmAm| H$s Zr{V Am{X g_ñ`mAm| Ho$ ~mao _| OZVm go àË`jgmjmËH$ma H$a OZ_V OmZZm ^r gmjmËH$ma H$m CX²Xoí` ahm h¡Ÿ&

gmam§e, CnamoŠV CX²Xoí`m| go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gmjmËH$ma X²dmam CÎmaXmVm Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo OmZZo,g_PZo _| ghm`Vm hmoVr h¡, KQ>Zm-XwK©Q>Zm H$m {dñV¥V {ddaU VWm à{H«$`m H$m nVm MbVm h¡ Am¡a {deofkm| X²dmamnam_e© {_bVm h¡Ÿ&

gmjmËH$ma H$s à{H«$`m gmjmËH$ma H$s à{H«$`m gmjmËH$ma H$s à{H«$`m gmjmËH$ma H$s à{H«$`m gmjmËH$ma H$s à{H«$`m :- gmjmËH$ma `h EH$ H$bm h¡ Am¡a dh nañna hmoZo dmbr à{H«$`m ^r h¡Ÿ& BgH$m Ama§Yrao-Yrao hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a {dH${gV hmoH$a ñdm^m{dH$ ‹T>§J go dh g_mßV hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& Bg nyar à{H«$`m H$mo VrZ{d^mJm| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ -


1.1.1.1.1. CÎmaXmVm H$m M`ZCÎmaXmVm H$m M`ZCÎmaXmVm H$m M`ZCÎmaXmVm H$m M`ZCÎmaXmVm H$m M`Z :- gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo gd©àW_ h {ZU© H$aZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {df`-{deof na {H$gì`pŠV H$m gmjmËH$ma {H$`m OmEŸ& CÎmaXmVm Eogm ì`pŠV hmoZm Mm{hE, {Ogo g_ñ`m `m KQ>Zm H$s nyarOmZH$mar hmo Am¡a Cggo àmßV hmoZo dmbr gyMZmE± àm_m{UH$ Ed§ {dídgZr` hm|Ÿ&

2.2.2.2.2. gmjmËH$ma Ho$ {bE g_` H$m {ZYm©aUgmjmËH$ma Ho$ {bE g_` H$m {ZYm©aUgmjmËH$ma Ho$ {bE g_` H$m {ZYm©aUgmjmËH$ma Ho$ {bE g_` H$m {ZYm©aUgmjmËH$ma Ho$ {bE g_` H$m {ZYm©aU :- gmjmËH$ma {H$E OmZo dmbo ì`pŠV H$m M`Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Cgì`pŠV go gmjmËH$ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE g_` _m±Jm OmVm h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ ì`pŠV AmË_gå_mZ aIVm h¡ Am¡a MmhVmh¡ {H$ bmoJ Cgo _hËËdnyU© g_PoŸ& Bg{bE Cg ì`pŠV H$s gw{dYmZwgma hr g_` Am¡a ñWmZ H$m {ZYm©aUH$a|Ÿ& AMmZH$ {H$gr ì`pŠV Ho$ Ka `m H$m`m©b` nhþ±MH$a gmjmËH$ma H$m AZwamoY H$aZm C{MV Zht h¡Ÿ&Bg{bE Q>o{b\$moZ X²dmam `m ì`pŠVJV ê$n go ñd § {_bH$a nhbo go hr g_` bo boZm C{MV ahVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.3.3.3. Amdí`H$ pñW{VAmdí`H$ pñW{VAmdí`H$ pñW{VAmdí`H$ pñW{VAmdí`H$ pñW{V :- gmjmËH$ma H$m g_`, ñWmZ Am¡a dmVmdaU gmjmËH$ma boZo Am¡a XoZo dmbo XmoZm|ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ {bE gw{dYmOZH$ hmoZo Mm{hE, Vm{H$ AmË_r` _mhm¡b _| AÀN>r ~mVMrV hmo gHo$Ÿ&

gmjmËH$ma H$s ì`mdgm{`H$ Hw$ebVm Bgr _| h¡ {H$ dh ~‹S>o ghO ‹T>§J go gmjmËH$ma àma§ H$aoŸ& àma§ _|hr CÎmaXmVm go AmË_r`Vm Am¡a K{ZîR>Vm ñWm{nV H$a boZm, gmjmËH$ma H$Vm© H$s A{Zdm © mo½`Vm _mZr OmVr h¡Ÿ&CÎmaXmVm H$mo gX¡d ~mobZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a Cgo ~rM _| Q>moH$Zm Zht Mm{hEŸ& `{X CÎmaXmVm{df` go ^Q>H$ ahm hmo, Vmo Vwa§V j_m _m±JVo hþE Cgo ght {Xem _| ~mobZo H$m AmJ«h H$a boZm Mm{hEŸ& gmjmËH$maHo$ g_` gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo {ZåZ{c{IV ~mVm| H$m Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE -

1. gmjmËH$ma Ho$ àma§ Ho$ nyd© hr AnZm nyam n[aM` VWm AnZo g_mMma nÌ `m n{ÌH$m H$m n[aM` X|Ÿ&gmjmËH$ma H$m CX²Xoí` ~VmE Am¡a àH$meZ `m àgmaU H$s Ad{Y ~VmEŸ&

2. A{^dmXZ Ho$ ~mX Vwa§V àíZm| H$m Ama§ Z H$a| ~pëH$ àma§ _| Hw$N> hcH$s-\w$cH$s ~mV| H$a|, {\$a Yrao-Yrao gmjmËH$ma Ho$ {df` na Ü`mZ H|${ÐV H$a|Ÿ&

3. gmjmËH$ma _| CÎmaXmVm go {ddaU-_ybH$ e¡br _| àíZ nyN>Zo Mm{hEŸ& àíZm| H$m EH$ H«$_ hmo, Vm{H$Cg_| VmaVå` ñWm{nV {H$`m Om gHo$Ÿ&

4. àíZ AmH«$_H$ VarHo$ go Zht nyN>Zo Mm{hEŸ& Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$, dmX-{ddmX go ~MZm Mm{hEŸ&

5. CÎmaXmVm H$mo ZrMm {XImZo H$m à`mg H$^r Zht H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& AnZo H$mo CÎmaXmVm go A{YH$ ~wX²{Y_mZ`m loîR> {gX²Y H$aZo H$m à`mg H$^r Z H$a|Ÿ&

6. gmjmËH$ma Ho$ g_` ghOVm àXe©Z hmo Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ ‹T>§J go gmjmËH$ma g_mßV hmoŸ& CÎmaXmVm H$mogh`moJ Ho$ {bE YÝ`dmX X| Am¡a A{^dmXZ Ho$ gmW {dXm b|Ÿ&

7. gmjmËH$ma àH$m{eV hmoZo na g§~§{YV nÌ-n{ÌH$m H$m A§H$, CÎmaXmVm VH$ nhþ±MmZm gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mZ¡{VH$ Xm{`Ëd h¡Ÿ& Cgo Adí` {Z^mEŸ&

gmjmËH$ma Ho$ àH$magmjmËH$ma Ho$ àH$magmjmËH$ma Ho$ àH$magmjmËH$ma Ho$ àH$magmjmËH$ma Ho$ àH$ma :- gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí`m| Am¡a CÎmaXmVm Ho$ AmYma na gmjmËH$ma Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma {H$EOmVo h¢Ÿ& Hw$N> à_wI àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma {ZåZmZwgma h¢ -


1.1.1.1.1. ì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$maì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$maì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$maì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$maì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$ma :- O~ {H$gr ì`pŠV-{deof go AHo$bo _| gmjmËH$ma {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo dhì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$ma H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma A{YH$Va amOZoVmAm|, {\$ë_r A{^ZoVmAm|A{^Zo{Ì`m|, à»`mV nÌH$mam| VWm AÝ` à{gX²Y ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ gmW {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&

2.2.2.2.2. gm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$magm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$magm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$magm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$magm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$ma :- O~ EH$ gmW H$B© ì`pŠV`m| go gmjmËH$ma {H$`m OmE, Vmo dh gm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$maH$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& {H$gr EH$ g_ñ`m na {H$gr g_yh go ~mVMrV H$aZm m {H$gr ~‹S>r XwK©Q>Zm Ho$ àË`jX{e© m|go KQ>Zm Ho$ g§~§Y _| gmjmËH$ma H$aZm Bg loUr _| AmVm h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ AZwg§YmZ _| o H$m\$s _hËËdnyU©hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

3.3.3.3.3. CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma :- Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma H$mo {M{H$Ëgm_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma{M{H$Ëgm_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma{M{H$Ëgm_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma{M{H$Ëgm_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma{M{H$Ëgm_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma ^r H$hVo h¢Ÿ&_Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xem OmZZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma H$m gmjmËH$ma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bggo nr{‹S>V ì`pŠV gog_ñ`m Ho$ H$maU Am¡a {ZdmaU Ho$ Cnm` OmZZo Ho$ à`mg {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& {H$gr gm_m{OH$ KQ>Zm `mXwK©Q>Zm Ho$ H$maU OmZZo Ho$ {bE r Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg gmjmËH$ma H$s{deofVm `h hmoVr h¡ {H$ Bg_| CÎmaXmVm H$mo AnZo AZw d ~VmZo H$s nyar Ny>Q> Xr OmVr h¡Ÿ&

4.4.4.4.4. {Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma :- {Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma {H$gr CX²Xoí`-{deof Ho$ {bE hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg_| nyN>o OmZo dmboàíZm| H$s EH$ "àíZmdbr' V¡ ma H$a br OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg àíZmdbr _| àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {dH$ën Ho$ ê$n _| {XEOmVo h¢Ÿ& CÎmaXmVm H$mo BZ {dH$ënm| _| go hr AnZm CÎma Ty>±‹T>Zm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma _| àíZAm¡a CÎma nhbo go hr {ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢&

5.5.5.5.5. A{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$maA{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$maA{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$maA{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$maA{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma :- Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma _| {df` Vmo {ZYm©[aV hmoVm h¡; bo{H$Z Z Vmo àíZnyd©{ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Z hr CZHo$ CÎmaŸ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmjmËH$ma _| CÎmaXmVm H$mo AnZr ~mV H$hZoH$s nyar N>yQ> hmoVr h¡, gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$moB© amoH$-Q>moH$ Zht H$aVmŸ& A{Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma H$m bm^ `h h¡{H$ Bggo {dñV¥V {ddaU VWm gyMZmE± àmßV H$s Om gH$Vr h¢Ÿ&

6.6.6.6.6. Amd¥{Îm_ybH$ gmjmËH$maAmd¥{Îm_ybH$ gmjmËH$maAmd¥{Îm_ybH$ gmjmËH$maAmd¥{Îm_ybH$ gmjmËH$maAmd¥{Îm_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma :- {H$gr KQ>Zm Ho$ g§~§Y _| nyar OmZH$mar àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amd¥{Îm_ybH$gmjmËH$ma H$s ghm`Vm br OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| KQ>Zm H$mo H$B© mJm| _| {d^m{OV H$a, àË oH$ mJ na {dñV¥VOmZH$mar àmßV H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& MwZmd-A{^`mZ VWm CgH$m _VXmVm na à^md OmZZo Ho$ {bE {H$E OmZodmbo gmjmËH$ma Am¡a MwZmdnyd© gd}jU Bg loUr _| AmVo h¢Ÿ&

gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$ Amdí`H$ JwU gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$ Amdí`H$ JwU gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$ Amdí`H$ JwU gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$ Amdí`H$ JwU gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$ Amdí`H$ JwU :- gmjmËH$ma EH$ H$bm h¡Ÿ& {Og àH$ma {MÌH$ma Ho$ {bE H$ënZmerb hmoZm,{H$gr Jm`H$ Ho$ {bE CgH$m H§$R> gwarbm hmoZm Am¡a {H$gr ZV©H$s Ho$ {bE N>aham hmoZm, _hËËdnyU© Am¡a Amdí`H$hmoVm h¡, R>rH$ Cgr àH$ma gmjmËH$maH$Vm© _| ^r Hw$N> {deof JwUm| H$m hmoZm AË §V Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$Amdí`H$ JwU {ZåZmZwgma h¢ -

1.1.1.1.1. {df` H$m kmZ{df` H$m kmZ{df` H$m kmZ{df` H$m kmZ{df` H$m kmZ :- {Og àH$ma gmjmËH$ma Ho$ {bE CÎmaXmVm H$mo n`m©ßV V¡ mar H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡, CgràH$ma gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo ^r Cg {df` H$m n`m©ßV kmZ hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& {Og {df` na gmjmËH$ma_| àíZ nyN>Zo h¢, Cg {df` H$m AÜ``Z Adí` H$a boZm Mm{hEŸ& BgHo$ Abmdm gmjmËH$ma go ZB©-ZB©


~mV| {ZH$mbZo _| r g§dmXXmVm H$mo Hw$eb hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& {X gmjmËH$ma H$Vm© H$mo {df` H$m n`m©ßV kmZhmoVm h¡, Vmo CÎmaXmVm go dh nyaH$ àíZ ^r nyN> gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

2.2.2.2.2. AmË_r`VmAmË_r`VmAmË_r`VmAmË_r`VmAmË_r`Vm :- CÎmaXmVm Am¡a gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Ho$ ~rM AmË_r`Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& `{XgmjmËH$maH$Vm© CÎmaXmVm Ho$ gmW AmË_r` g§~§Y ~Zm gHo$, Vmo g_PZm Mm{hE {H$ AmYr c‹S>mB© dh OrVJ`mŸ& `{X gmjmËH$ma Ho$ Xm¡amZ gmjmËH$maXmVm© CÎmaXmVm Ho$ ~MnZ H$s Hw$N> KQ>ZmAm| `m CgHo$ {ZOrOrdZ H$s Hw$N> ~mVm| H$m nhbo go hr nVm bJm gHo$ Am¡a gmjmËH$ma Ho$ g_` CZH$m CëboI H$a|, Vmo{Z{íMV ê$n go n[adoe _| AmË_r`Vm Am OmVr h¡ Am¡a gmjmËH$ma XmoZm| Ho$ {bE ghO ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ&

3.3.3.3.3. XyaX{e©Vm Ed§ AÝVaÑpîQ> XyaX{e©Vm Ed§ AÝVaÑpîQ> XyaX{e©Vm Ed§ AÝVaÑpîQ> XyaX{e©Vm Ed§ AÝVaÑpîQ> XyaX{e©Vm Ed§ AÝVaÑpîQ> :- gmjmËH$maH$Vm© _| n`m©ßV _mÌm _| XyaX{e©Vm hmoZr Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$sA§VaÑpîQ> AË §V n¡Zr hmoZr Mm{hE; Vm{H$ dh CÎmaXmVm Ho$ _Z Ho$ ^mdm| H$mo Vwa§V g_P gHo$Ÿ& `{XgmjmËH$maH$Vm© XyaXer© hmoJm, Vmo dh nyaH$ àíZ r nyN> gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo h r nVm hmoZmMm{hE {H$ {H$Z ~mVm| go CÎmaXmVm Ho$ _Z H$mo MmoQ> nhw±M gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-H$m¡Zgr ~mV| CÎmaXmVm H$moàgÝZ H$a XoJr ?

4.4.4.4.4. ñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVm :- gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo AnZo {dMmam| H$mo CÎmaXmVm na bmXZm Zht Mm{hEŸ& `{X Eogm hmoVm h¡,Vmo gmjmËH$ma Ho$ {ZîH$f© JbV Am¡a XmofnyU© hm|JoŸ& CÎmaXmVm H$mo BVZr ñdV§Ìm hmoZr Mm{hE {H$ dhAnZr ~mVm| H$mo ^br-^m±{V àH$Q> H$a gHo$Ÿ& H$^r-H$^r Eogm hmoVm h¡ {H$ gmjmËH$maH$Vm©, CÎmaXmVm Ho${df` _| nhbo go hr Hw$N> {dMma ~ZmH$a AmVm h¡Ÿ& gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$m nydm©J«h go J«{gV hmoZm JbV h¡Ÿ&hmo gH$Vm h¡ CÎmaXmVm go CgHo$ {dMma _ob Z ImVo hmo§, Eogo g_` {dMmam| Ho$ Q>H$amd go ~MZm Mm{hEŸ&

5.5.5.5.5. g§doXZerbVm g§doXZerbVm g§doXZerbVm g§doXZerbVm g§doXZerbVm :- gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo n`m©ßV _mÌm _| g§doXZerb r hmoZm Mm{hE; Vm{H$ dh CÎmaXmVmHo$ ^mdm| H$mo g_P gHo$, _wImH¥${V Am¡a emar[aH$ _wÐmAm| H$m dmñV{dH$ AW© bJm gHo$Ÿ& BZ ~mVm| go Z~mobVo hþE ^r ~hþV Hw$N> OmZm `m g_Pm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& CÎmaXmVm Ho$ emar[aH$ g§Ho$Vm| H$mo g_PH$aCgH$s Am§V[aH$ pñW{V H$m A§XmOm bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

6.6.6.6.6. K{ZîR>Vm Am¡a {_ÌdV ì`dhmaK{ZîR>Vm Am¡a {_ÌdV ì`dhmaK{ZîR>Vm Am¡a {_ÌdV ì`dhmaK{ZîR>Vm Am¡a {_ÌdV ì`dhmaK{ZîR>Vm Am¡a {_ÌdV ì`dhma :- gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Am¡a CÎmaXmVm _| n`m©ßV K{ZîR>Vm hmoZr Mm{hE;Vm{H$ CÎmaXmVm, gmjmËH$ma Ho$ CX²Xoí` H$mo g_P H$a gh`moJ H$a|Ÿ& daZm gmjmËH$maH$Vm© Am¡a CÎmaXmVm_| {^ÝZVm H$m ^md CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& K{ZîR>Vm ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m AmgmZ-gm VarH$m `hr h¡ {H$ghmZw y{Vnyd©H$, nyao _Zmo moJ go Xygao H$s ~mV gwZr OmEŸ&

4.3.2.54.3.2.54.3.2.54.3.2.54.3.2.5 {dkmnZ :- {dkmnZ :- {dkmnZ :- {dkmnZ :- {dkmnZ :-

{dkmnZ H$m AW© {dkmnZ H$m AW© {dkmnZ H$m AW© {dkmnZ H$m AW© {dkmnZ H$m AW© :- dV©_mZ g_` _| dñVwAm| H$m CËnmXZ H$aZm gab Am¡a ghO ~Z J`m h¡, bo{H$Z CËnm{XVdñVwAm| H$mo ~oMZm H${R>Z hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ ~«±S>Zo_ MrOm| _| go bmoJ AnZr hr MrO MwZo Am¡a Cgo IarX bo§, BgHo${bE CËnmXH$m| H$mo {dkmnZ H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo, XyaXe©Z, nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm|, nmoñQ>g©, h¢S>{~b, gmBZ~moS>© Am{X _mÜ`_m| X²dmam Bg à{H«$`m H$mo g§nÝZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&


""{dkmnZ Ho$ A§VJ©V dh H$m © gpå_{bV h¡, {Og_| {dH«$` `mo½` dñVwAm| Am¡a godmAm| Ho$ {dH«$` H$moàmoËgmhZ XoZo hoVw gyMZm H$m àgma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&'' AWm©V² g§{jßV ê$n go h_ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$, ""{H$gr dñVw Ho${dH«$` AWdm {H$gr godm Ho$ àgma hoVw _yë` MwH$m H$a H$s JB© KmofUm hr {dkmnZ h¡Ÿ&''CËnm{XV dñVw H$mo bmoH${à`~ZmZm VWm H§$nZr Ho$ Zm_ H$mo OZVm Ho$ _Z-_pñVîH$ _| {~R>mZo H$m H$m © {dkmnZ X²dmam {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

{dkmnZ H$m H$m © {dkmnZ H$m H$m © {dkmnZ H$m H$m © {dkmnZ H$m H$m © {dkmnZ H$m H$m © :- {dkmnZ dñVwAm| AWdm godmAm| H$s {dH«$s H$m _hËËdnyU© gmYZ h¡Ÿ& BgH$m à_wI H$m © h¡,gyMZm XoZmŸ& gyMZm XoZo _| ^r EH$ àH$ma H$s àoaUm hmoVr h¡, {Oggo {dkm{nV dñVw `m godm H$mo IarXZo Ho$ {bEJ«mhH$ ào[aV hmoŸ& ~‹T>Vo CËnmXZ Ho$ gmW hr gmW Cgo erK« ~oMZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm ^r ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg H$m © _|{dkmnZ H$m _hËËdnyU© `moJXmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& O~ {H$gr Cn^moŠVm Ho$ _Z _| {H$gr dñVw H$mo IarXZo H$s à~b BÀN>mhmoVr h¡, V^r dh Cgo IarXZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg pñW{V _| {dkmnZ ~hþV ghm`Vm H$aVo h¢Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm|_| àH$m{eV {H$E JE {dkmnZm| H$m H$m © Bg _m_bo _| AË`{YH$ _hÎËdnyU© _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZ X²dmam{ZåZ{b{IV H$m © {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢ -

1. J«mhH$m| H$mo ZB© dñVwAm| Am¡a godmAm| H$s gyMZm XoZmŸ&

2. dñVwAm| H$s Cn`mo{JVm ~VmH$a dñVw H$s Amoa J«mhH$m| H$m Ü`mZ AmH${f©V H$aZmŸ&

3. J«mhH$m| Ho$ _Z _| dñVw Ho$ à{V ê${M Ed§ {dídmg OJmZmŸ&

4. _yë`, _yë` n[adV©Z, Ny>Q> Am{X H$s OmZH$mar XoZmŸ&

5. dñVw H$mo IarXZo Am¡a Cgo AnZmZo H$s àoaUm XoZmŸ&

{dkmnZ Ho$ JwU {dkmnZ Ho$ JwU {dkmnZ Ho$ JwU {dkmnZ Ho$ JwU {dkmnZ Ho$ JwU :- g_mMma nÌm| _| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ {dkmnZ àH$m{eV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& CZ_| go Hw$N> {dkmnZ J«mhH$m| Ho$_Z na N>m OmVo h¢, Vmo Hw$N> à^mdhrZ ~Z OmVo h¢Ÿ& à^mdnyU© {dkmnZm| Ho$ JwU {ZåZmZwgma _mZo Om gH$Vo h¢ -

1. {dkmnZ _| Ü`mZ AmH${f©V H$aZo H$s j_Vm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

2. àH$m{eV {dkmnZm| _| AbJ Ed§ _m¡{bH$ gmO-gÁOm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

3. {dkm{nV dñVw H$s _w»` {deofVm na ~b {X`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ&

4. g^r dJ© Ho$ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE {dkmnZ gw~moY hmoZo Mm{hEŸ&

5. {dkmnZ _| J{VerbVm hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

6. {dkmnZ _| VÏ`m| H$s OmZH$mar ghr hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

7. {dkmnZ Bg Hw$ebVm go àñVwV {H$`m OmE {H$ dh ê${MH$a Am¡a _Zmoa§OH$ cJo VWm ~ma-~ma J«mhH$m| H$sñ_¥{V H$mo à^m{dV H$a gHo$Ÿ&

8. {dkmnZ {MÌ, {b{IV VÏ`, Q>oS> _mH©$ Am¡a CgH$m erf©H$ Am{X _| g_Ýd` hmoZm Mm{hE, {OgH$m {_bm-Owbm Aga nmR>H$m| Am¡a Xe©H$m| na n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ&


{dkmnZ Ho$ àH$ma{dkmnZ Ho$ àH$ma{dkmnZ Ho$ àH$ma{dkmnZ Ho$ àH$ma{dkmnZ Ho$ àH$ma :- g_mMma nÌm| _| àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbo {dkmnZm| H$mo _w»` ê$n go {ZåZ mJm| _| {d^m{OV {H$`mOm gH$Vm h¢ -

1.1.1.1.1. ñWmZr` {dkmnZñWmZr` {dkmnZñWmZr` {dkmnZñWmZr` {dkmnZñWmZr` {dkmnZ :- {Og ñWmZ go g_mMma nÌ H$m àH$meZ {H$`m OmVm h¡, Cg ñWmZ VWm eha Ho$ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo ñWmZr` {dkmnZm| X²dmam g§Xoe nhþ±Mm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ {dkmnZm| Ho$ A§VJ©V {gZo_m, hmoQ>b,_Zmoa§OZ Am¡a X¡{ZH$ à`moJ H$s dñVwAm| H$s$ XwH$mZ| Am{X go g§~§{YV OmZH$m[a`m| H$mo gpå_{bV {H$`mOmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ {dkmnZm| H$mo [a`m`Vr Xam| na N>mnm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

2.2.2.2.2. amîQ´>r` {dkmnZamîQ´>r` {dkmnZamîQ´>r` {dkmnZamîQ´>r` {dkmnZamîQ´>r` {dkmnZ :- Eogo {dkmnZ g§nyU© amîQ> Ho$ ~mOmam| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a Am_ OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmEOmVo h¢Ÿ& BZ {dkmnZm| H$m AÜ``Z d¡km{ZH$ VarHo$ go {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ {dkmnZm| Ho$ X²dmam ~‹S>r-~‹S>rH§$n{Z`m| X²dmam CËnm{XV dñVwAm| H$s OmZH$mar noe H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& Eogo {dkmnZm| H$m AmboI V¡ ma H$aZoHo$ {bE amîQ>r` ^mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AË`{YH$ bmoH${à` VWm àgma H$s ÑpîQ> go AJ«Urg_mMma nÌ hr BZ {dkmnZm| H$mo àmßV H$a nmVo h¢Ÿ& Eogo {dkmnZm| H$s Xa| ^r A{YH$ hmoVr h¢&

3.3.3.3.3. àXe©Z {dkmnZàXe©Z {dkmnZàXe©Z {dkmnZàXe©Z {dkmnZàXe©Z {dkmnZ :- {H$gr {gX²Ym§V Zr{V, H$m ©H«$_, g§ñWm Ed§ g§JR>Z Ho$ àMma H$m g§Xoe Bg àH$ma Ho${dkmnZm| X²dmam àgm[aV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& amîQ> H$s ^mdmË_H$ EH$Vm, Aën~MV, n[adma {Z`moOZ,ñdÀN>Vm A{^`mZ, d¥jmamonU H$mo g\$b ~ZmZo hoVw Bg àH$ma Ho$ {dkmnZ àm`: g_mMma nÌm| _| àH$m{eV{H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& ~‹S>r H$ån{Z`m| Ed§ g_mOgodr g§ñWmAm| H$s à{VîR>m Ed§ gaH$ma X²dmam MbmB© JB© Zr{V`m|H$s g\$bVm H$m {OH«$ BZ {dkmnZm| X²dmam {H$`m OmVm h¡,Omo Bg {Xem _| AnZr Ah_² y{_H$m {Z^mVo h¢Ÿ&

4.4.4.4.4. dJuH¥$V {dkmnZdJuH¥$V {dkmnZdJuH¥$V {dkmnZdJuH¥$V {dkmnZdJuH¥$V {dkmnZ :- àË oH$ g_mMma nÌ _| dJuH¥$V {dkmnZ àH$m{eV {H$E OmVo h¢, Mmho dh àmV:H$mbrZX¡{ZH$ hmo `m gm§Ü` X¡{ZH$Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {dkmnZm| Ho$ {bE àË oH$ g_mMma nÌ H$s AnZr AbJ-AbJXa| hmoVr h¢Ÿ& o Xa| àm`: g_mMma nÌ H$s à{VîR>m Ed§ {dH«$` g§»`m Am{X Ho$ AmYma na {ZYm©[aV H$sOmVr h¢Ÿ&

5.5.5.5.5. n¡Zb n¡Zb n¡Zb n¡Zb n¡Zb :- àm`: X¡{ZH$ g_mMma nÌm| _| g_mMma nÌ Ho$ nVmH$m erf©H$ (g_mMma nÌ H$m Zm_) Ho$ XmoZm|{H$Zmam| na {dkmnZ dJm©H$ma AWdm Am`VmH$ma ~m°Šg Ho$ A§Xa àH$m{eV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& BÝht {dkmnZm|H$mo n¡Zb Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ n¡Zb g_mMma nÌ _| Hw$N> A{YH$ g_` VH$ àH$m{eV{H$E OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {dkmnZm| H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Xa| ^r Hw$N> A{YH$ hmoVr h¢Ÿ& o {dkmnZnmR>H$m| H$m Ü`mZ AnZr Amoa EH$X_ AmH${f©V H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

{dkmnZ {dH$mg H$m H$m © {dkmnZ {dH$mg H$m H$m © {dkmnZ {dH$mg H$m H$m © {dkmnZ {dH$mg H$m H$m © {dkmnZ {dH$mg H$m H$m © :- {dkmZ EH$ àH$ma H$s H$bm h¡, gmW hr dh ì`mnma H$s AmË_m h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ H$mH$m © gwMmê$ ‹T§J go H$aZo Ho$ {bE Bg_| EH$ àH$ma H$s ì`dñWm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ _| gm_mÝ`V: {ZåZ nX hmoVo h¢-

{dkmnZ à~ÝYH${dkmnZ à~ÝYH${dkmnZ à~ÝYH${dkmnZ à~ÝYH${dkmnZ à~ÝYH$ - {dkmnZ {d^mJ H$m gdm}ÀM A{YH$mar {dkmnZ-à~ÝYH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZ gog§~§{YV gmar Zr{V`m| H$m {ZYm©aU {dkmnZ-à~ÝYH$ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dh AnZo joÌ H$m Hw$eb Am¡a AZw dr ì`pŠVhmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ go g§nH©$ H$a {dkmnZ-à~ÝYH$ AbJ-AbJ Ë`m¡hma, ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg, OÝ_{XdgVWm {H$gr g§ñWm Am{X H$m ew ma§ VWm AÝ` Adga {deof na {dkmnZ Ho$ {bE Zr{V {ZYm©aU H$aVm h¡Ÿ&


ghm`H$ à~ÝYH$ ghm`H$ à~ÝYH$ ghm`H$ à~ÝYH$ ghm`H$ à~ÝYH$ ghm`H$ à~ÝYH$ :- {dkmnZ-à~ÝYH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V _| g§~§{YV H$m`m] H$mo ghm`H$ à~ÝYH$ XoIVmh¡Ÿ& dh ñWmZr` {dkmnZ, àXe©Z {dkmnZ Am{X Ho$ H$m © XoIVm h¡Ÿ& dh {dkmnZ-à~ÝYH$ Ho$ {ZX}eZ na H$m ©H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo AYrZñW H$_©Mm[a`m| go H$m © H$admVm h¡Ÿ&

{~b {b{nH${~b {b{nH${~b {b{nH${~b {b{nH${~b {b{nH$ :- {OZ-{OZ ì`pŠV`m| AWdm g§KQ>Zm| H$m nÌ _| {dkmnZ àH$m{eV hmoVm h¡, CZ {dkmnZm|Ho$ H$VaZm| Ho$ gmW {~b ~ZmH$a oOZo H$m H$m_ {~b {b{nH$ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg Vah go dh {~b-dmCMa H$m gmamboIm-OmoIm ì`dpñWV ê$n _| aIVm h¡Ÿ&

{dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y {dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y {dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y {dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y {dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y - {dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ -

1. _mÝ` à{V{Z{Y_mÝ` à{V{Z{Y_mÝ` à{V{Z{Y_mÝ` à{V{Z{Y_mÝ` à{V{Z{Y - _mÝ` à{V{Z{Y do hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| g_mMma nÌm| H$s g§ñWmAm| Zo _mÝ`Vm XrhmoVr h¢Ÿ& BÝh| AÝ`m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ AÀN>r eV} AWdm [a`m`V| {_bVr h¢Ÿ& o àm`: ñWmZr` {dkmnZm| H$mo EH$Ì

H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

2. A_mÝ` à{V{Z{YA_mÝ` à{V{Z{YA_mÝ` à{V{Z{YA_mÝ` à{V{Z{YA_mÝ` à{V{Z{Y - o à{V{Z{Y ñWmZr` {dkmnZm| VWm Ohm± Ho$ o {Zdmgr h¢, dhm± Ho$ {dkmnZEH$Ì H$aVo h¢Ÿ& d¡go o A{YH$ {dídgZr` Zht hmoVoŸ& o {H$gr EH$ nÌ Ho$ {bE {dkmnZ EH$Ì Zht H$aVoŸ& o bmoJ

H$_reZ Ho$ AmYma na H$m_ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

gmam§e, {dkmnZ H$mo nÌH$m[aVm H$m _oê$X§S> _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ& A{YH$m§e g_mMma-nÌ Am¡a n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$nmg R>mog Am¡a ~hwg§»`H$ J«mhH$ Zht hmoVo, Bg{bE do {dkmnZ Ho$ ~b na hr Or{dV ahVo h¢Ÿ& {dkmnZ Ho$ {~Zm

CËnmXH$m| H$s àJ{V ^r Ag§ d h¡, AV: nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a CËnmXH$m| Ho$ {dkmnZ H$s Amdí`H$Vm g_mZ ê$n go_hgyg hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

4.3.2.64.3.2.64.3.2.64.3.2.64.3.2.6 ImoOr g_mMma ImoOr g_mMma ImoOr g_mMma ImoOr g_mMma ImoOr g_mMma - n[a^mfm - n[a^mfm - n[a^mfm - n[a^mfm - n[a^mfm :- nÌH$m[aVm H$m AmYma hr "ImoO' h¡Ÿ& nÌH$ma MtQ>r H$s Vah {Za§Va

I~am| H$s ImoO _| ahVm h¡Ÿ& AÀN>r nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {bE h EH$ Amdí`H$ JwU _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ& h nÌH$m[aVm {OVZrAmH$f©H$ h¡, CVZr hr H${R>Z ^rŸ& Bg_| _pñVîH$ Am¡a à{V^m H$s {OVZr Amdí`H$Vm h¡, Cggo H$ht A{YH$Amdí`H$Vm h¡, _ohZV Am¡a g_` H$sŸ& ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm _| _[ñVîH$ Ho$ gmW-gmW eara Am¡a _Z r _O~yV hmoZm

Mm{hEŸ& JbV bmoJm| Am¡a JbV ~mVm| H$m nXm©\$me H$aZo H$s j_Vm ImoOr g_mMmam| _| hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m Ho$ H$m ©H«$_m| _| AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _| {à§Q> _r{S>`m Ho$ gm_Zo EH${ZpíMV Ad{Y _| ImoOnyU© I~a XoZo H$s H$moB© ~mÜ`Vm Zht h¡Ÿ& dhr BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m H$mo Bg X~md _| ahH$a

H$m_ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& "ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm' H$mo "AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm'"AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm'"AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm'"AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm'"AÝdofUmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ_| ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm H$m EH$ AbJ hr AmH$f©U h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ ì`pŠV Omo g_mMma _| ê${M aIVm h¡, dh ImoOnyU©g_mMmam| H$mo n‹T>Zm MmhVm h¡Ÿ&

dmñVd _| BÝdopñQ>JoQ> (Investigate) eãX H$s ì wËnpËV b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ "doñQ>r{O`_' eãX go hþB© h¡&BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ "nX {Mh²Z'Ÿ& ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm _| AnZr Z¡{VH$Vm Am¡a B©_mZXmar na Am±M Z AmZo XoVo hþE,gmar JmonZr`VmAm| H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma H$s nÌH$m[aVm _| bJo nÌH$ma embrZ, g§ _r, gmhgr,


gOJ Am¡a g§H$ënr hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Eogr nÌH$m[aVm H$aVo g_` {H$gr EH$ gyÌ na ^amogm H$aHo$ Zht Mbm Om gH$VmŸ&

gH$mamË_H$ Am¡a ZH$mamË_H$ XmoZm| njm| na MMm© H$aZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {H$gr r Vah Ho$ ~hH$mdo VWm àbmo Z_| nS>Zo go ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm H$m CX²Xoí` hr ZîQ> hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| nÌH$ma "VH©$' Am¡a "VÏ`' H$mo àYmZVm XoVm h¡Ÿ&

ImoOrŸ g_mMma Ho$ àH$maImoOrŸ g_mMma Ho$ àH$maImoOrŸ g_mMma Ho$ àH$maImoOrŸ g_mMma Ho$ àH$maImoOrŸ g_mMma Ho$ àH$ma :- ImoOr g_mMma Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢; O¡go - 1) dh _hËËdnyU© gm_J«r, {Ogo H$moB©{N>nmZm Mmho, 2) g§dmXXmVm H$s ñd § H$s ANy>Vr ImoOŸ&

AZoH$ g§ñWmE± VWm AbJ-AbJ H$m`m©b` Am{X _| AZoH$ ~mV| Eogr hmoVr h¢, Omo bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo ZhtAmVr§, `m H${hE {H$ Hw$N> bmoJ Cg OmZH$mar H$mo {N>nmZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ& Eogr OmZH$mar go g_mO Ho$ EH$ ~‹S>o dJ© H$m^bm hmo gH$Vm h¡, `m JwZhJmam| H$m nXm©\$me hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm _| AnZm AbJ à^md ~ZmZo Ho$ {bEnÌH$ma Ho$ nmg Xya-ÑpîQ> hmoZr Mm{hE& gaH$mar V§Ìm| H$s EH$-EH$ ~mV H$s Cgo I~a hmoZr Mm{hE&Cgo ZJa,{Obm, amÁ` VWm Xoe-{dXoe H$m gå`H$ kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ {bE ImoOr nÌH$ma H$mo OmJê$H$Vm aIZr nS>Vr h¡&

ImoOnyU© g_mMma H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo _| {H$gr r àH$ma H$s erK«Vm Z H$a|Ÿ& {H$gr ImoOr g_mMma Ho$ ny{V©Ho$ {bE H$ar~Z gmb `m Xmo gmb ^r bJ gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ImoOr n{ÌH$m H$m AmYma "ñÌmoV' Am¡a "ñÌmoV H$s JmonZr`Vm'h¡Ÿ& AnZo ñÌmoVm| H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE nÌH$mam| H$mo Hy$Q>Zr{V H$m ghmam boZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& ImoOr nÌH$ma `{XgaH$mar ñWmZm| AWdm gaH$mar nXm| dmbo ñÌmoVm| go g§~§{YV hmo, Vmo Bg nhMmZ H$mo nyU©V: ~ZmE aIZm hmoJmŸ& {Xdh EH$ ~ma AnZo ñÌmoV H$mo ZîQ> H$a Xo, Vmo CgHo$ A§VJ©V H$s g^r H${‹S>`m± ZîQ> hmo OmE§Jr Am¡a dh ImoO H$s àW_gr‹T>r VH$ r Zht nhþ±M nmEJmŸ& g\$b ImoOr nÌH$ma dht h¡, Omo A{YH$ go A{YH$ ì`pŠV`m| H$mo OmZo, Cg_| {Xem{ZX}eZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

gmam§e, ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm EH$ AÝdofUmË_H$ VWm AZwg§YmZmË_H$ nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ X²dmam g_mOH$s C{MV ê$n go godm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ X²dmam g_mO _| ì`mßV «îQ>mMma g§~§Yr ~mVm| na {Z §ÌU {H$`m OmVmh¡Ÿ& A_o[aH$m _| AmO Bg nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ X²dmam AZoH$ amO Imobo Om ah| h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ X²dmam g_gm_{`H$ {df`m|,KQ>ZmAm|, J{V{d{Y`m|, pñW{V`m| Ed§ VÏ`m| Ho$ H«$_~X²Y gyú_ gd}jU, AÜ``Z Am¡a AZwg§YmZ Ho$ AmYma na{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢Ÿ&

4.3.2.74.3.2.74.3.2.74.3.2.74.3.2.7 AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) AZwdV©Z (\$mbmoAn) :- "AZwdV©Z' AWm©V² nwZ:H$WZnwZ:H$WZnwZ:H$WZnwZ:H$WZnwZ:H$WZŸ& bo{H$Z `h nwZ:H$WZ EH$ hr ~mV H$m Zht,~pëH$ EH$ {df` _| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z, {dH$mg `m ImoO H$s g_mMma Ho$ ê$n _| OmZH$mar XoZm h¡Ÿ& _ybV: g_mMmaXmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢, EH$ do g_mMma h¢, Omo EH$ {XZ N>nH$a AnZm ApñVËd N>moS> XoVo h¢Ÿ& H$moB© g_mamoh, KQ>Zm VWmAm_ I~a EH$ ~ma àH$m{eV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Xygao {XZ dhm± Am¡a Š`m hþAm, `h OmZZo H$s bmoJm| _| CËgwH$Vm Zht hmoVrŸ&BZ g_mMmam| Ho$ g§~§Y _| A{YH$ Om±M nS>Vmb H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht hmoVrŸ& o g_mMma Aënm w hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

Xygao àH$ma Ho$ g_mMma XrK©Ordr hmoVo h¢Ÿ& do K{Q>V Ed§ àH$m{eV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r AnZo g§~§Y _| AZoH$Eogo àíZ N>moS> OmVo h¢, {OZH$s Om±M-nS>Vmb H$aZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& KQ>Zm H$s I~a Vmo AmVr h¡, AWm©V² Š`mhþAm Bg àíZ H$m Odm~ Vmo {_b OmVm h¡; bo{H$Z Š`m| ?, H¡$go ?, H$~ ? Am{X àíZm| Ho$ CÎma \$m¡aZ Zht {_bVoŸ&V~ g§dmXXmVm BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎmam|o H$mo ImoOVo ahVm h¡ Am¡a O¡go-O¡go Cgo ZE-ZE VÏ` àmßV hmoVo h¢, d¡go CÝh|


H«$_e: dh àH$m{eV H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& Eogr KQ>Zm Ho$ AZwÎm[aV àíZm| H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$ {bE g§dmXXmVm nyar KQ>Zm H$mgyú_Vm go AÜ``Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a àmßV VÏ`m| H$mo AnZo g_mMma nÌ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo n«ñVwV H$aVm h¡Ÿ&KQ>Zm H$s Om±M H$m h H«$_ EH$-Xmo {XZ go EH$ gßVmh, EH$ _mh VH$ r Omar ahVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma {H$gr g_mMma{deof go g§~§{YV {ZË` ZE VÏ`m| H$mo COmJa H$aZm AZwdV©Z `m \$mbmoAn H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&

AZwdV©Z à{H«$`m _| g§dmXXmVm H$mo Bg ~mV H$m {deof Ü`mZ aIZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ KQ>Zm Ho$ _yb VÏ`,{OZH$m CX²KmQ>Z àW_ {XZ hmo MwH$m h¡, Xmo~mam XmohamE Z OmE§Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$m à`mg hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ O~ VH$Cgo KQ>Zm Ho$ g§~§Y _| ZE VÏ` {_bVo aho§, dh CZH$m AZwdV©Z H$a§oŸ& ZE VÏ`m| Ho$ {_b nmZo H$s g§ mdZm Ho$ jrUhmoVo hr dh Cg KQ>Zm Ho$ g§~§Y _| {bIZm ~§X H$a XoŸ&

AZwdV©Z _| H$^r r VÏ`m| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Zht hmoZr Mm{hE, A{nVw KQ>Zm go Ow‹S>o AZoH$ nhbwAm| na [anmoQ>©àH$m{eV H$s OmZr Mm{hEŸ& Š`m§o{H$ {H$gr ^r ~‹S>r KQ>Zm H$s g§nyU© OmZH$mar `m Cggo Ow‹S>o g^r nhbwAm| H$mg_mdoe EH$ {XZ H$s [anmoQ>© _| g§ d Zht hmoVmŸ& KQ>Zm go Ow‹S>o ZE VÏ`m| Ho$ g_mßV hmo OmZo na AZwdV©Z r g_mßVhmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma AÝ` ~‹S>r KQ>ZmE± ; O¡go àmH¥${VH$ AmnXmE±, Q>oZ, OhmO VWm AÝ` XwK©Q>ZmE±, hË`m,AmV§H$s h_bm, gyIm, ~m‹T>, wX²Y, ~‹S>o KmoQ>mb|, MwZmd VWm AÝ` AZoH$ Eogr KQ>ZmE± {ZpíMV ê$n go AZwdV©Z Ho${bE Cn wŠV hmoVr h¢Ÿ& BZ KQ>ZmAm| H$m à^md ì`mnH$ Am¡a XyaJm_r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& XrK©H$mb VH$ do _mZd _pñVîH$ naN>mB© ahVr h¢ Am¡a BZgo Ow‹S>o V_m_ VÏ`m| H$mo OmZZo H$s CËgwH$Vm bmoJm| _| ~Zr ahVr h¡Ÿ&

g§dmXXmVm H$mo Bg ~mV na ^r Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ ZE VÏ`m| Ho$ A^md _| Ho$db AZwdV©Z `m _mÌH$mb_ ^aZo Ho$ CX²Xoí` go {H$gr KQ>Zm H$m Hw$N> g_` VH$ {Z`{_V àH$meZ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE C~mD$ hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&nmR>H$ Ho$ {bE {H$gr ^r g_mMma _| ZyVZVm H$m g_mdoe hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

AZwdV©Z _| g_mMma nÌ H$m H$moB© AnZm ñdmW© Z hmoŸ& AZwdV©Z go Eogm ^r àVrV Z hmo {H$ g_mMma nÌ{H$gr EH$ nj H$m g_W©Z `m {damoY H$a ahm h¡Ÿ& AZwdV©Z H$m CX²Xoí` nyam g_mMma bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmZm, ^mdrI~am| go gmdYmZ H$aZm VWm nyao VÏ`m| H$mo nmR>H$m| Ho$ gm_Zo àñVwV H$aZm hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&



1. OZg§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$ à_wIV: ........ oX h¢Ÿ&

H$) 22222 I) 4 J) 6 K) 8

2. .......... _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ&

H$) ao{S>`mo I) Mb{MÌ J) ZmQ>H$ K) g_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌ

3. ao{S>`mo H$m Am{dîH$ma ........... Zo {H$`mŸ&

H$) J«±h_ ~ob I) _mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr_mH$m}Zr J) Ý yQ>Z K) ãbo S>©


4. Am°b B§{S>`m ao{S>`mo H$mo hr .......... H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) AmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUr I) XyaXe©Z J) E\$. E_. K) ndU dmUr

5. ^maV _| ao{S>`mo H$m n«doe ............. _| hþAmŸ&

H$) 1925 I) 1926 1926 1926 1926 1926 J) 1927 K) 1928

6. g§nmXH$s` boIZ ........... H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) Am_ g§dmXXmVm I) nmR>H$ J) g§nmXH g§nmXH g§nmXH g§nmXH g§nmXH$ K) à~§YH$

7. g_mMma nÌ _| g§nmXH$s` H$m _hËËd ........... Ho$ ê$n _| h¡Ÿ&

H$) {ZMmoS{ZMmoS{ZMmoS{ZMmoS{ZMmoS> I) g_mMma J) KQ>ZmdU©Z K) _Zmoa§OZ

8. g§nmXH$s` boI ha g_mMma nÌ H$s ............ Ho$ n[aMm`H$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) H$s_V I) Zr{V`mZr{V`mZr{V`mZr{V`mZr{V`m| J) _w»` I~a> K) ì`pŠVJV nhMmZ

9. g§nmXH$s` boIm| _| .......... H$mo ñWmZ Zht {X`m OmVmŸ&

H$) gm_m{OH$ AmbmoMZm I) amOZr{VH$ AmbmoMZm

J) ì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZmì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZmì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZmì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZmì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZm K) Ym{_©H$ AmbmoMZm

10. \$sMa Ho$ àma§ H$mo ......... H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) erf©H$ I) AJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§e J) H$boda K) Cng§hma

11. qhXr _| \$sMa H$mo ........... ^r H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) ê$nH$ê$nH$ê$nH$ê$nH$ê$nH$ I) g§nmXH$s` J) AZwdV©Z K) {dkmnZ

12. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ erf©H$ Ho$ XmoZm| {H$Zmam| na àH$m{eV {dkmnZ H$mo ........... H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) àXe©Z I) ñWmZr` {dkmnZ J) n¡Zbn¡Zbn¡Zbn¡Zbn¡Zb K) amîQ>r` {dkmnZ

13. {dkmnZ n«{V{Z{Y ........... àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) 3 I) 4 J) 22222 K) 5

14. {dkmnZ H$m gdm}ÀM A{YH$mar ............ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) {~b {b{nH$ I) ghm. n«~§YH$ J) {dkmnZ à{V{Z{Y K) {dkmnZ à~§YH${dkmnZ à~§YH${dkmnZ à~§YH${dkmnZ à~§YH${dkmnZ à~§YH$

15. ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm H$m AmYma ............. Zht h¡Ÿ&

H$) AZw_mZ I) VH©$ J) nyd©J«hnyd©J«hnyd©J«hnyd©J«hnyd©J«h K) VÏ`

16. .......... g_mMmam| Ho$ {bE AZwdV©Z H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ&

H$) XrK©OrdrXrK©OrdrXrK©OrdrXrK©OrdrXrK©Ordr I) g§{jßV J) ì`pŠVJV K) {dkmnZ

(62)(62)(62)(62)(62)

17. _Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xem OmZZo Ho$ {bE {H$E JE gmjmËH$ma H$mo ......... H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) gm_y{hH$ gmjmËH$ma I) CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$maCnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$maCnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$maCnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$maCnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma

J) ì`pŠVJV gmjmËH$ma K) {Z §{ÌV gmjmËH$ma


1. _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ H$m H$m © ~VmBE ?

2. ÑH$-lmì` _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| H$m¡Zgm _mÜ`_ bmoH${à` h¡?

3. g§nmXH$s` boIZ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgo JwU Amdí`H$ h¢?

4. g_mMma boIZ _| H$m¡Zgo N>: H$H$mam| H$m CÎma {_bZm Mm{hE?

5. [anmoVm©O boIZ H$m CX²Xoí` ~VmBEŸ&

6. g_mMma g§H$bZ _| H$m¡Zgm ñÌmoV _hËËdnyU© _mZm OmVm h¡?

7. {dkmnZ à~§YH$ H$m H$m © ~VmBE&

8. AZwdV©Z H$m AW© ~VmBE&

9. ImoOr g_mMma Ho$ {H$VZo àH$ma h¢?

10. ^maV _| g_mMma-nÌm| H$m nXm©nU H$~ hþAm?


g§Mmag§Mmag§Mmag§Mmag§Mma : "g§Mma' eãX g§ñH¥$V Ho$ "Ma' YmVw go ~Zm h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡ "MbZm'Ÿ& {Za§Va AmJo ~‹T>Zodmbr {H«$`m g§MaU H$hbmVr h¡Ÿ& AWm©V² gyMZmAm| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

_mÜ`__mÜ`__mÜ`__mÜ`__mÜ`_ : EH$ {dMma H$mo A{YH$ bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m gmYZ _mÜ`_ H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&

g§nmXH$s`g§nmXH$s`g§nmXH$s`g§nmXH$s`g§nmXH$s` : g§nmXH$ X²dmam {H$gr KQ>Zm `m g_mMma na {H$`m J`m qMVZmË_H$ boIZŸ&

Jw_amhJw_amhJw_amhJw_amhJw_amh : JbV ~mV ~VmH$a amh go ^Q>H$m XoZmŸ&

\$sMa\$sMa\$sMa\$sMa\$sMa : {H$gr KQ>Zm na {H$`m hþAm H$bmË_H$ qMVZŸ&

AJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§eAJ«m§e : \$sMa boIZ H$m àma§ (B§Q>mo)

H$bodaH$bodaH$bodaH$bodaH$boda : T>m±Mm

gmjmËH$magmjmËH$magmjmËH$magmjmËH$magmjmËH$ma : {H$gr ì`pŠV go H$s JB© CX²Xoí`nyU© ~mVMrVŸ&

{dkmnZ{dkmnZ{dkmnZ{dkmnZ{dkmnZ : {H$gr dñVw Ho$ {dH«$` AWdm {H$gr godm Ho$ àgma hoVw _yë` MwH$mH$a H$s JB© KmofUmŸ&

AZwdV©ZAZwdV©ZAZwdV©ZAZwdV©ZAZwdV©Z : {H$gr EH$ g_mMma _| amoO ZE {_µbZo dmbo VÏ`m| H$mo àH$m{eV H$aVo ahZmŸ&




A)A)A)A)A) 1) 2 2) g_mMma-nÌ 3) _mH$m}Zr

4) AmH$medmUr 5) 1926 6) g§nmXH$

7) {ZMmoS> 8) Zr{V`m| 9) ì`pŠVJV AmbmoMZm

10) AJ«m§e 11) ê$nH$ 12) n¡Zb

13) 2 14) {dkmnZ à~§YH$ 15) nyd©J«h

16) XrK©Ordr 17) CnMma_ybH$ gmjmËH$ma

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. H$_ g_` _| A{YH$ go A{YH$ OmZH$mar bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m H$m © _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

2. ÑH$-lmì` _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| XyaXe©Z A{YH$ bmoH${à` _mÜ`_ ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ&

3. g§nmXH$s` boIZ Ho$ {bE {df`kmZ, Xoe-H$mb-dmVmdaU H$m kmZ, {dídgZr`Vm, g_gm_{`H$ KQ>ZmAm|H$m kmZ, {ZînjVm VWm {df` {díbofU H$s j_Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

4. g_mMma boIZ _| Š`m, H$~, H$hm±, Š`m|, H$m¡Z Am¡a H¡$go BZ N>: H$H$mam| H$m CÎma {_bZm Mm{hEŸ&

5. [anmoVm©O boIZ H$m CX²Xoí` _mZdr` ^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZm h¡Ÿ&

6. g_mMma g§H$bZ _| gmjmËH$ma H$mo _hËËdnyU© ñÌmoV _mZm OmVm h¡&

7. {dkmnZ go g§~§{YV gmar Zr{V`m| H$m {ZYm©aU {dkmnZ à~§YH$ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

8. AZwdV©Z H$m AW© nwZ:H$WZ h¡Ÿ&

9. ImoOr g_mMma Ho$ Xmo àH$ma h¢Ÿ&

10. ^maV _| g_mMma-nÌm| H$m nXmn©U B©. g. 1780 _| hþAmŸ&


OZg§Mma _mÜ`_ ha g_mO H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡; AV: H$hZm Am¡a gwZZm _mZd n«mUr H$s {ddeVm h¡Ÿ&Bgr {ddeVm H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE _mÜ`_m| H$m {Z_m©U hþAmŸ& _mÜ`_ Ho$ Xmo à_wI oXm| _| go EH$ _w{ÐV _mÜ`_, Omo{e{jV Am¡a {H$gr EH$ {deof dJ© VH$ hr gr{_V ahm, bo{H$Z Xygam oX BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ g_mO Ho$ ha dJ© VH$nhþ±M J`mŸ& Xw{Z`m Ho$ EH$ H$moZo go Xygao H$moZo VH$ {dMmam| H$mo nhþ±MmZo H$m Xm{`Ëd BZ _mÜ`_m| Zo ñdrH$ma {b`m h¡Ÿ&d¡pídH$sH$aU _| BZ Xmo oXm| H$m ñWmZ _hËËdnyU© ahm h¡Ÿ&

nÌH$m[aVm H$m H$m_ {g\©$ I~ao§ XoZm Zht h¡, ~pëH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$s OmZH$mar Ho$ gmW-gmW nmR>H$m| H$moAbJ-AbJ {df`m| na {dñVma go OmZH$mar XoZm ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV boIZ H$m H$m\$s_hËËd hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` boIZ g_mMma nÌ H$s AmË_m hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AWm©V² qMVZerb nmR>H$ dJ© Ho$ {bE `h EH$


g§X © m§S>ma r gm{~V hmoVm h¡Ÿ& \$sMa boIZ _| b{bV gm{hË` H$s hr AmZ§X àmpßV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& h boIZ g_mMma,H$hmZr VWm KQ>Zm dU©Z go r AnZo Amn _| AbJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gmW hr [anmoVm©O Am¡a gmjmËH$ma Ho$ X²dmam nmR>H$m| H$modh OmZH$mar àmßV hmoVr h¡, Omo _mÌ Am_ g_mMma go Hw$N> A{YH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZ Ho$ {bE O¡go g_mMma nÌ H$sAmdí`H$Vm h¡, d¡go hr nmR>H$m| H$s ^r Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZm| X²dmam CËnmXH$ Am¡a J«mhH$ XmoZm| H$mo Omo‹S>Zo H$mH$m_ g_mMma-nÌ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& AWm©V² g_mMmam| Am¡a AÝ` I~am| go EH$ g_¥X²Y VWm g§nyU© g_mMma nÌ H$m {Z_m©UZht hmoVm, CgHo$ {bE CŠV boIZ H$s ^r Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ&


1. g§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$ oX-{d oXZ na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

2. g§nmXH$s` boIZ H$s à{d{Y g_PmBEŸ&

3. \$sMa Ho$ àH$ma ~VmBEŸ&

4. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&

5. ImoOr g_mMma Am¡a AZwdV©Z H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

6. [anmoVm©O Š`m h¡, ñnîQ> H$s{OEŸ&

7. {dkmnZ H$m _hËËd ~VmH$a CgHo$ JwU Am¡a àH$mam| na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&


1. {ejm joÌ _| H$m ©aV {H$gr ì`pŠV H$m gmjmËH$ma br{OEŸ&

2. AnZo _hm{dX² mb` _| g§nÝZ hþE {H$gr g_mamoh H$s [anmoQ>© {b{IEŸ&


1. à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr - S>m°. bú_rH$m§V nmÊS>o , S>m°. à{_bm AdñWr







8. AmYw{ZH$ nÌH$m[aVm - S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar

9. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V - ZdrZ M§Ð n§V

-----•-----



nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ* BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m : ao{S>`mo, Q>r. dr. Ho$~b, _ëQ>r _r{S>`m, Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVmŸ&* BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m : ao{S>`mo, Q>r. dr. Ho$~b, _ëQ>r _r{S>`m, Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVmŸ&* BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m : ao{S>`mo, Q>r. dr. Ho$~b, _ëQ>r _r{S>`m, Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVmŸ&* BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m : ao{S>`mo, Q>r. dr. Ho$~b, _ëQ>r _r{S>`m, Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVmŸ&* BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m : ao{S>`mo, Q>r. dr. Ho$~b, _ëQ>r _r{S>`m, Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVmŸ&

* qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐUH$bm, ày\$ emoYZ, bo AmCQ>, n¥îR> gÁOmŸ&* qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐUH$bm, ày\$ emoYZ, bo AmCQ>, n¥îR> gÁOmŸ&* qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐUH$bm, ày\$ emoYZ, bo AmCQ>, n¥îR> gÁOmŸ&* qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐUH$bm, ày\$ emoYZ, bo AmCQ>, n¥îR> gÁOmŸ&* qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐUH$bm, ày\$ emoYZ, bo AmCQ>, n¥îR> gÁOmŸ&




5.3.1 BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m

5.3.1.1 ao{S>`mo

5.3.1.2 Q>r. dr.

5.3.1.3 Ho$~b

5.3.1.4 _ëQ>r _r{S>`m

5.3.1.5 B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm

5.3.2 qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐUH$bm

5.3.3 ày\$ emoYZ

5.3.4 bo AmCQ>

5.3.5 n¥îR> gÁOm









1. BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m : ao{S>`mo, Q>r. dr. Ho$~b, _ëQ>r _r{S>`m Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> go n[a{MV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

2. qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm H$m n[aM` b|JoŸ&

(66)(66)(66)(66)(66)

3. _wÐUH$bm go AdJV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

4. ày\$ g§emoYZ {Mh²Zm| H$m kmZ bo nmE±JoŸ&

5. g_mMma-nÌ _| bo AmCQ> H$m _hËËd g_P gH|$JoŸ&

6. n¥îR> gÁOm go g§~§{YV Amdí`H$ OmZH$mar b|JoŸ&


{dkmZ H$s àJ{V Ho$ gmW-gmW, g_mO _| AZoH$ n[adV©Z AmE h¢Ÿ& BZ n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maU nÌH$m[aVm Ho$joÌ _| ^r Hw$N> _yb yV n[adV©Z hþE h¢Ÿ& BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m {dkmZ H$s hr XoZ h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m ZonÌH$m[aVm H$mo EH$ Z`m Am`m_ {X`m h¡Ÿ& AmO ao{S>`mo, XyaXe©Z, dr{S>`mo Am¡a {\$ë_ nÌH$m[aVm OJV² Ho$ geŠVAmYma ~Z JE h¢Ÿ&

^maV H$s 63.77 à{VeV OZg§»`m {Zaja hmoZo Ho$ H$maU maVr` OZg§»`m H$m A{YH$m§e mJ g_mMma-nÌm| VWm AÝ` _w{ÐV _mÜ`_m| go àË`j ê$n go Zht Ow‹S> nmVmŸ& AV: BZ nma§n[aH$ _mÜ`_m| H$m bm^ BZ bmoJm| H$moZht {_b nmVm, qH$Vw ao{S>`mo Am¡a XyaXe©Z O¡go BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ OZg§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$s _XX go {Zaja Am¡a gmja XmoZm|hr dJ© Bg Ymam _| em{_b hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

^maV O¡go Xoe _|, Ohm± Xoe H$s 80 à{VeV OZg§»`m Jm±dm| _| ~gVr h¡, ao{S>`mo Am¡a XyaXe©Z X²dmam{_bZo dmbr OmZH$mar AË §V à^mdH$mar {gX²Y hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m go OZgmYmaU H$mo Xoe-{dXoe gog§~§{YV _hÎdnyU© OmZH$mar {_bVr h¡Ÿ& gmW hr _Zmoa§OZ Am¡a {ejm joÌ _| ^r BZH$m _hÎdnyU© `moJXmZ h¡&BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m go bmoJm| H$mo KQ>Zm H$s dmñV{dH$Vm _mby_ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AmO Ho$ OrdZ H$mo à{Vq~{~V H$aZo H$mH$m_ BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m go hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


5.3.15.3.15.3.15.3.15.3.1 BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m :BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m :BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m :BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m :BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m :

{ejm Ed§ {dkmZ Ho$ {dH$mg go _mZd Zo àH¥${V _| ì`mßV {dX² wV Va§Jm| H$s Anma epŠV H$mo ImoOmŸ&{dX² wV Va§Jm| Ho$ Bg gd©ì`mnr ñÌmoV H$m Cn`moJ CgZo OZg§Mma Ho$ {d{dY _mÜ`_m| H$s ImoO _| {H$`m& Bgo hrBboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

Bg _mÜ`_ H$s nhþ±M Agr{_V h¡Ÿ& Xya-Xya VH$ Ohm± mVm`mV Ho$ H$moB© gmYZ CnbãY Zht h¢, dhm± BZH$snhþ±M g§ d h¡Ÿ& `h _mÜ`_ M_ËH$ma H$a ahm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ X²dmam h_ Mm±X H$s g¡a H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& _§Jb J«h H$sOmZH$mar àmßV H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ~¡R>o-~¡R>o ~‹S>o-go-~‹S>o §Ìm| H$m g§MmbZ H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& §Ì _| H$hm± J‹S>~‹S>r h¡, CgH$sOmZH$mar bo gH$Vo h¢ VWm Cg_| gwYma H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& Q>obr\$moZ, {\$ë_, AmH$medmUr (ao{S>`mo), Q>obr{dOZ(XyaXe©Z) Ho$ Abmdm Bg _mÜ`_ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma h¢, CZH$mo g§Mm{bV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {deof CnH$aUm| H$sAmdí`H$Vm A{Zdm © h¡Ÿ&


(67) (67) (67) (67) (67)

5.3.1.15.3.1.15.3.1.15.3.1.15.3.1.1 ao{S>`mo ao{S>`mo ao{S>`mo ao{S>`mo ao{S>`mo :- g§Mma Ho$ gmYZm| H$m Am{dîH$ma, ì`pŠV H$s A{^ì`pŠV Am¡a gyMZm Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ H$mogab ~ZmZo H$s à{H«$`m _| hþAmŸ& AmO g§Mma Ho$ AZoH$ ZE gmYZ h_mao gm_Zo h¢, {Oggo h_mao OrdZ _| H$m\$sn[adV©Z hþE h¢Ÿ& h_mao Xoe Ho$ AZoH$ Jm±d Eogo h¢, Omo AË §V XwJ©_ joÌm| _| ~go h¢Ÿ& Eogo ñWmZm| na ~go hþE bmoJm| Ho${bE ao{S>`mo àgmaU EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>r ImoO h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo EH$ Eogm _mÜ`_ h¡, {OgH$s nhþ±M gdm©{YH$ h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`monÌH$m[aVm EH$ {d{eîQ> H$bm h¡, `h nÌH$m[aVm H$s EH$ {d{eîQ> {dYm h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm, _wÐU nÌH$m[aVmAm¡a Q>obr{dOZ nÌH$m[aVm go H$m\$s {^ÝZ h¡Ÿ&

ao{S>`mo _mÜ`_ Üd{Z na AmYm[aV h¡, g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ {bE {Og e¡br H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, Cggoao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm H$s e¡br {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo EH$ lì` _mÜ`_ h¡ Am¡a Cgo g_PZo Ho$ {bE ì`pŠV H$m {e{jVhmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo go àmßV kmZ, lw{V kmZ h¡Ÿ& Bg H$maU ao{S>`mo Ho$ {bE {bIo JE g_mMma `m dmVm©_| EH$ {deof àH$ma H$s ^mfm-e¡br Amdí`H$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

O~ OZg§Mma Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ CnH$aUm| H$m {dH$mg Zht hþAm Wm, V~ _Zwî` nwH$ma H$a g§Xoe XoVm WmŸ&AnZo Mmam| Amoa EH${ÌV ì`pŠV`m| H$s N>moQ>r g^m H$mo g§~mo{YV H$a XoVm WmŸ& o na§namJV VarHo$ AmO ^r àM{bVh¢Ÿ& na§Vw BZ VarH$m| go Xya pñWV {demb OZg§»`m VH$ nhþ±M nmZm g§ d Zht WmŸ& AnZo g§Xoe H$mo {demb OZg§»`mVH$ nhþ±MmZo Ho$ {bE _Zwî` Zo h_oem à`mg {H$E, {Oggo _wÐU H$bm H$m OÝ_ hþAmŸ& bo{H$Z Bgo OmZZo Ho$ {bE_Zwî` H$m n‹T>m-{bIm hmoZm Amdí`H$ Wm& gmW hr XwJ©_ {hñgm| _| _w{ÐV H$mJO nhþ±MmZm ^r H${R>Z WmŸ& Bgrg_ñ`m H$m hb ao{S>`mo Ho$ Am{dîH$ma go hþAmŸ&

ao{S>`mo, Üd{Z-Va§Jm| Ho$ X²dmam gwXya Jm§dm|, KZo O§Jbm|, nhmS>m| Am¡a ao{JñVmZr joÌm| VH$ AnZr Üd{Znhþ±MmZo _| g_W© h¡Ÿ& Bgo gwZZo Am¡a g_PZo Ho$ {bE {e{jV hmoZo H$s ^r Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡Ÿ& g¡å wAb _mg©g¡å wAb _mg©g¡å wAb _mg©g¡å wAb _mg©g¡å wAb _mg© X²dmamQ>obrJ«m\$ (1844), Ac|ŠO|S>a J«mh_ ~obAc|ŠO|S>a J«mh_ ~obAc|ŠO|S>a J«mh_ ~obAc|ŠO|S>a J«mh_ ~obAc|ŠO|S>a J«mh_ ~ob X²dmam Q>obr\$moZ (1876) Am¡a E{S>gZE{S>gZE{S>gZE{S>gZE{S>gZ X²dmam ~ë~ H$s ImoO Ho$ ~mXXw{Z`m Zo "{dX² wV wJ' _| àdoe {H$`mŸ& {dX² wV wJ Zo g§Mma H$mo ^r AnZo àdmh Ho$ g_mZ Vrd« J{V XoZo H$m H$m_{H$`mŸ& gZ 1890 _| Jwp½b`m| _mH$m}ZrJwp½b`m| _mH$m}ZrJwp½b`m| _mH$m}ZrJwp½b`m| _mH$m}ZrJwp½b`m| _mH$m}Zr Zo EH$ Eogo {d{Y H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$`m, {Oggo ~J¡a Vma (dmàbog)Ho$ g_wÐ_o§ OhmOm| Am¡a Zm¡H$mAm| _| g§Xoe oOZm g§ d hmoZo bJmŸ& BgHo$ ~mX _mH$m}Zr dmàbog àUmbr_mH$m}Zr dmàbog àUmbr_mH$m}Zr dmàbog àUmbr_mH$m}Zr dmàbog àUmbr_mH$m}Zr dmàbog àUmbr _| {Za§Va ZE-ZEAm{dîH$ma Ow‹S>Vo JEŸ& gZ 1906 _| br S>o \$m°aoñQbr S>o \$m°aoñQbr S>o \$m°aoñQbr S>o \$m°aoñQbr S>o \$m°aoñQ> X²dmam ao{S>`mo Ho$ {bE Cn`moJr dm w a{hV Zbr (d¡Š y_ Q>çy~)~ZmB© JB©, {Oggo AmdmO H$m àgmaU g§ d hmo nm`mŸ& Yrao-Yrao ao{S>`mo g§Mma {dH${gV hmoVm J`mŸ&

^maV _| ao{S>`mo -àgmaU H$m nhbm à`mg "~m°å~o ao{S>`mo Šb~' X²dmam OyZ 1923 _| {H$`m J`mŸ& 1930_| ^maV gaH$ma Zo _w§~B© Am¡a H$bH$Îmm _| Xmo {ZOr Q>m§g_rQ>am| H$m A{YJ«hU H$a Ho$ "^maVr` àgmaU godm^maVr` àgmaU godm^maVr` àgmaU godm^maVr` àgmaU godm^maVr` àgmaU godm' H$sñWmnZm H$sŸ& 1936 _| BgH$m Zm_ ~XbH$a "AmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUr' hmo J`mŸ& ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ g_`, 1947 _| "ao{S>`mo ñQ>oeZ'{g\©$ _w§~B©, {Xëbr, MoÝZB©, bIZD$ Am¡a M§S>rJ‹T> _| Wo, Omo AmO ~‹T>H$a 205 ~Z JE h¢Ÿ& 1956 VH$ ^maV _|"ao{S>`mo grbmoZao{S>`mo grbmoZao{S>`mo grbmoZao{S>`mo grbmoZao{S>`mo grbmoZ' H$m\$s à{gX²Y Wm, bo{H$Z 1956 _| "{d{dY ^maVr{d{dY ^maVr{d{dY ^maVr{d{dY ^maVr{d{dY ^maVr' Ho$ AmJ_Z na ^maVr` lmoVmAm| H$s ao{S>`mogrbmoZ Ho$ à{V ê${M H$_ hmo JB©Ÿ& Bg g_` "AmH$medmUr' H$s nhþ±M 92 à{VeV ^maVr` y-^mJ Am¡a 98à{VeV OZg§»`m VH$ h¡Ÿ& eham| H$s Anojm Jm§dm| _| ao{S>`mo A{YH$ gwZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& maV gaH$ma Zo ao{S>`mo H$s _hÎmmH$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE "AmH$medmUr' H$mo AbJ {d^mJ Ho$ ê$n _| J{R>V H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ& AmO gyMZm Am¡a àgmaU_§Ìmb` Ho$ g^r {d^mJm| _| "AmH$medmUr'{d^mJ g~go ~‹S>m h¡&


(68)(68)(68)(68)(68)

***** ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm :- ao{S>`mo AnZo {dñVma Am¡a A{VerK« g§Xoe àgm[aV H$aZo H$s j_Vm Ho$ H$maUOZVm VH$ g_mMma nhþ±MmZo H$m _hÎdnyU© _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ& ^maV _| A{e{jV `m AY©{e{jV bmoJm| H$s g§»`m A{YH$hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ao{S>`mo H$s _hÎmm Hw$N> Am¡a A{YH$ ~‹T> OmVr h¡Ÿ& ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm AnZo Amn _| EH$ ñdV§Ì Am¡a_hÎdnyU© {dYm h¡, Š`m|{H$ ao{S>`mo na g§JrV Ho$ Abmdm Omo Hw$N> ^r àgm[aV {H$`m OmVm h¡, Cg_| H$ht Z H$htnÌH$m[aVm hmoVr hr h¡Ÿ& {d{^ÝZ {df`m| na dmVm©E±, gmjmËH$ma, \$sMa, g_mMma Xe©Z Am{X _| nÌH$m[aVm H$mkmZ Amdí`H$ hr h¡Ÿ& gm_mÝ`V: g_mMma nÌ H$s nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ _yb yV {gX²Ym§V EH$g_mZ hr h¢, bo{H$Z BZ_| g~go ~‹S>m A§Va hmoVm h¡ boIZ e¡br Am¡a àñVwVrH$aU H$mŸ& ao{S>`mo Ho$db lì`-_mÜ`_h¡, CgHo$ g_mMma Ho$db "gwZo' Om gH$Vo h¢, XoIo `m n‹T>| Zht Om gH$VoŸ& ao{S>`mo na àgmaU H$m g_` ^r {ZpíMVhmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE ao{S>`mo na g_mMmam| H$mo Bg àH$ma {bIm Am¡a àñVwV {H$`m OmVm {H$ g_mMma _| nyU©Vm H$m ^md^r hmo Am¡a dh lmoVmAm| H$s g_P _| ^r AmgmZr go Am OmEŸ&

ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm H$m g~go _hÎdnyU© nj "g_`' Am¡a "g§{jßVVm' h¡Ÿ& àmßV g_mMmam| H$mo CZHo$_hÎd Ho$ AmYma na Bg àH$ma boIZ ~X²Y {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ g_mMma-dmMH$ CÝh| {ZYm©[aV Ad{Y _| hr n‹T> gHo$Ÿ&àË oH$ n‹T>o JE dmŠ` H$mo Xygao dmŠ` go AbJ H$aVo hþE Eogr b` _| g_mMma dmMZ {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ g^r g_mMmaAmgmZr go lmoVmAm| H$s g_P _| Am OmE§Ÿ& g_` gr{_V hmoVm h¡; Bg{bE ao{S>`mo g_mMma _| ì`m»`m `m [dñV¥V{ddaU Zht hmoVmŸ& AV: g_` Am¡a g§{jßVVm Ho$ JwUm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&

***** ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {d{dY ê$n ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {d{dY ê$n ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {d{dY ê$n ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {d{dY ê$n ao{S>`mo-nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {d{dY ê$n :- ao{S>`mo na nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV H$B© H$m ©H«$_, g^m-g_mMma-Xe©Z, g_mMma-~wbo{Q>Z, gmjmËH$ma, \$sMa Am{X àgm[aV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ BZ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm|Ho$ CX²Xoí` Am¡a boIZ H$s e¡br ^r AbJ-AbJ hmoVr h¢Ÿ& ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ Xmo ê$nm|, g_mMma - ~wbo{Q>Z Am¡ag_mMma-Xe©Z H$m CëboI Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

1) g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z 1) g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z 1) g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z 1) g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z 1) g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z :- ao{S>`mo na àgm[aV g_mMma, ao{S>`mo H$r ^mfm _| "~wbo{Q>Z' H$hbmVo h¢& ~wbo{Q>Z_| g_mMmam| H$mo CZH$s _hÎmm Ho$ AmYma na H«$_~X²Y H$aHo$ àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ~wbo{Q>Z _| g_mMmam| H$mo Am_~mobMmb H$s gab ^mfm _| {bIm OmVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ g^r lmoVm {e{jV Zht hmoVo h¢Ÿ& ~mobMmb H$s ^mfm _| H$_eãXm| H$m à`moJ H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ ~wbo{Q>Z Ho$ àgmaU Ho$ g_` lmoVm {H$gr eãX H$mo nb^a hr gwZ nmVm h¡Ÿ&nwZ:ldU ao{S>`mo na Zht hmoVmŸ& ~wbo{Q>Z Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ -

1) Xoer lmoVmAm| Ho$ {bE - gmd©Xo{eH$ ~wbo{Q>Z (amîQ>r`)

àmXo{eH$ ~wbo{Q>Z ( amÁ` ñVar`)

2) {dXoer lmoVmAm| Ho$ {bE -{dewX²Y {dXoer lmoVmAm| Ho$ {bE ~wbo{Q>Z

àdmgr ^maVr`m| Ho$ {bE ~wbo{Q>Z

2) g_mMma Xe©Z (Ý yO arb)2) g_mMma Xe©Z (Ý yO arb)2) g_mMma Xe©Z (Ý yO arb)2) g_mMma Xe©Z (Ý yO arb)2) g_mMma Xe©Z (Ý yO arb) - Bg_| g_mMmam| H$mo A{YH$ amoMH$Vm Ho$ gmW àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&{H$gr Iob à{V`mo{JVm m XwK©Q>Zm ñWb go Am±Im|-XoIm hmb, gmjmËH$ma Ho$ A§e, ì`m»`mZ Am¡a amoMH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$mdU©Z, g_mMma Xe©Z H$s {df`dñVw hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g_mMma Xe©Z Am¡a g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z _| EH$ _mÌ A§Va BVZm hr h¡ {H$


(69) (69) (69) (69) (69)

nyam g_mMma ~wbo{Q>Z EH$ hr g_mMma dmMH$ H$s AmdmO _| àgm[aV hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ g_mMma Xe©Z _| aoH$m°{S>ªJ Ho$A§e ^r àgm[aV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&

g_mMma Xe©Z _| ñWb [aH$m{S>ªJ A{V-Amdí`H$ h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ g§nmXZ Am{X Ho$ {bE VH$ZrH$s gmYZ ^rAmdí`H$ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& gmW hr g_mMma Xe©Z Ho$ {bE nÌH$ma H$mo AmYw{ZH$ gw{dYm Am¡a VoO n[adhZ gmYZm| H$sAmdí`H$Vm nS>Vr h¡Ÿ& Bgr{bE g_mMma-Xe©Z AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ IMr©bm h¡Ÿ& d¡go XoIm OmE, Vmo g_mMma Xe©Z,g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ \$sMa O¡gm hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

5.3.1.2 Q>r. dr. (XyaXe©Z)5.3.1.2 Q>r. dr. (XyaXe©Z)5.3.1.2 Q>r. dr. (XyaXe©Z)5.3.1.2 Q>r. dr. (XyaXe©Z)5.3.1.2 Q>r. dr. (XyaXe©Z) :- g_-gm_{`H$ amîQ>r`-AÝVam©îQ>r` kmZ, {dH$mg-H$m ©, {Z_m©U-H$m ©, gwajmg_mMma, {d{dY kmZ-{dkmZ Am¡a _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ {bE XyaXe©Z EH$ _hÎdnyU© gmYZ h¡Ÿ& g§Xoe VWm {dMma g§àofUH$m geŠV _mÜ`_ XyaXe©Z ahm h¡Ÿ& XyaXe©Z Ho$ Am{dîH$ma go nÌH$m[aVm joÌ _| EH$ Z`m Am`m_ Ow‹S> J`m h¡Ÿ&XyaXe©Z _rbm| Xya ~¡R>o {H$gr Ñí`, KQ>Zm `m dñVw H$m hÿ~hÿ Xe©Z H$admVm h¡Ÿ& lmoVm, Xe©H$ g_mMma `m {H$grKQ>Zm {deof H$s OmZH$mar Am¡a n¥îR> y{_ g_PZo Ho$ {bE ldU Ho$ gmW Ñí` gw{dYm H$m bm^ ^r XyaXe©Z X²dmamàmßV H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ao{S>`mo H$s Hw$N> H${_`m± Am¡a gr_mE± XyaXe©Z Ho$ Am{dîH$ma go Xya hmo JB©Ÿ&

1920 B©. _| {MÌ H$mo dmUr XoZo _| d¡km{ZH$ g\$b hþEŸ& gZ 1925 _| A_o[aH$m Ho$ Oo{H$ÝgZrO Oo{H$ÝgZrO Oo{H$ÝgZrO Oo{H$ÝgZrO Oo{H$ÝgZrO Zo `m§{ÌH$XyaXe©Z H$m àXe©Z {H$`mŸ& Ý y mH©$ Am¡a dm°qe½Q>Z Ho$ _Ü` ~ob Q>obr\$moZ bo~moaoQ>arO~ob Q>obr\$moZ bo~moaoQ>arO~ob Q>obr\$moZ bo~moaoQ>arO~ob Q>obr\$moZ bo~moaoQ>arO~ob Q>obr\$moZ bo~moaoQ>arO X²dmam Vma Ho$ _mÜ`_ goXyaXe©Z H$m ©H«$_ gZ 1927 _| oOm J`mŸ& Bg_| AZoH$ gwYma {H$E JE Am¡a gZ 1937 _| gd©àW_ XyaXe©Z Ho${Z`{_V H$m ©H«$_ H$mo ~r. ~r. gr.~r. ~r. gr.~r. ~r. gr.~r. ~r. gr.~r. ~r. gr. Zo àma§ {H$`mŸ& gZ 1939 _| Ý y mH©$ _| bJo {díd _obo _| OZVm Zo XyaXe©Z naH$m ©H«$_ XoImŸ& ^maV _| XyaXe©Z H$s {dH$mg `mÌm gZ 1964 go àma§ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& 15 AJñV 1965 go ^maV _|{Z`{_V ê$n go EH$ K§Q>o H$m XyaXe©Z H$m ©H«$_ àma§ hþAmŸ&

* XyaXe©Z Ho$ bú`* XyaXe©Z Ho$ bú`* XyaXe©Z Ho$ bú`* XyaXe©Z Ho$ bú`* XyaXe©Z Ho$ bú` : - 1 Aà¡b 1976 H$mo gyMZm Ed§ àgmaU _§Ìmb` Zo XyaXe©Z Ho$ {bE Hw$N> bú` {ZYm©[aV{H$E, Omo {ZåZmZwgma h¢ -

1. gm_m{OH$ n[adV©Z _| àoaH$ y{_H$m {Z^mZmŸ&

2. amîQ>r` EH$Vm H$mo àmoËgmhZ XoZmŸ&

3. OZgm_mÝ` _| d¡km{ZH$ MoVZm H$m {dH$mg H$aZmŸ&

4. n[adma H$ë`mU Am¡a OZg§»`m {Z §ÌU Ho$ g§Xoe H$mo àgm[aV H$aZmŸ&

5. H¥${f-CËnmXZ àmoËgm{hV H$a, h[aV-H«$m§{V Am¡a newnmbZ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoH$a "IoV-H«$m§{V' Ho$ joÌ _|àoaUm XoZmŸ&

6. n`m©daU g§VwbZ ~ZmE aIZmŸ&

7. Jar~ Am¡a {Z~©b dJm] hoVw gm_m{OH$ H$ë`mU Ho$ Cnm`m| na ~b XoZmŸ&

8. IobHy$X _| bmoJm| H$s ê${M ~‹T>mZmŸ&


(70)(70)(70)(70)(70)

9. amîQ> _| gm_m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ {dH$mg H$s n«{H«$`m _| ghm`H$ hmoZm Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo {ejm, gyMZm VWm_Zmoa§OZ àXmZ H$aZmŸ&

10. ^maV H$s H$bm Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ J[a_m Ho$ à{V OmJê$H$Vm n¡Xm H$aZmŸ&

XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm :-XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm :-XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm :-XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm :-XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm :- XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm _| g§H$bZ, boIZ Ed§ àñVwVrH$aU g§~§Yr {deof kmZ H$s Amdí`H$VmhmoVr h¡Ÿ& XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm _| AmboI, g§Ho$V-nQ²[Q>H$m, J«m\$ {bIZo Am¡a V¡ ma H$aZo dmbo H$mo boIH$ _mZm OmVmh¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| Ho$ {bE {MÌ A§{H$V H$aZo dmbo, dr{S>`mo Q>on[aH$m{S>ªJ H$m H$m © H$aZo dmbo ^r boIH$ h¢Ÿ& d¥Îm boIZXyaXe©Z H$m _hÎdnyU© {hñgm h¡, Omo H$_-go-H$_ eãXm| _| ~hþV Hw$N> H$h XoVm h¡Ÿ& XyaXe©Z _| H$m ©aV nÌH$mam| H$moboIZ, eãX, Üd{Z Ho$ gmW dr{S>`mo VH$ZrH$, Üd{Z VH$ZrH$ Ed§ {\$ë_ VH$ZrH$ _| {ZnwU hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

XyaXe©Z Ho$ nÌH$ma Ho$ {bE _mBH«$mo\$moZ, dr{S>`mo, Q>on[aH$m{S>ªJ, {\$ë_, Am°{S>`mo Q>on[aH$m°{S>ªJ, \$moZmoJ«m\$go g§X{ ©V Üd{Z ñÌm|Vm| H$mo àXe©Zr` ~ZmZo _| XyaXe©Z H$m nÌH$ma _m{ha hmoVm h¡Ÿ& XyaXe©Z Ho$ nÌH$ma _| _ybV:"{dH$mg' Am¡a "n[adV©Z' H$s mdZm H$m_ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& AnZo _Z Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo dh Cgr ê$n _| ~XbVm h¡; {Og ê$n_| ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU _| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& AW©ì`dñWm, g_mOZr{V, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a {dkmZ H$s ~mVm| H$mo XyaXe©ZH$m nÌH$ma Bg ê$n _| àX{e©V H$aVm h¡ {H$ gmYmaU ì`pŠV ^r Cggo ào[aV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

XyaXe©Z g_mMmaXyaXe©Z g_mMmaXyaXe©Z g_mMmaXyaXe©Z g_mMmaXyaXe©Z g_mMma :- XyaXe©Z EH$ Ñí`-lmì` _mÜ`_ h¡; AV: Bg_| g_mMmam| H$m ñdê$n ^r AbJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&XyaXe©Z na g_mMma dmMH$ Xe©H$m| H$mo {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& h g§Ho$V h¡ {H$ dmMH$ H$m Moham H$_-go-H$_ {XIm`m OmEAm¡a H¡$_am H$daoO A{YH$ go A{YH$ hmoŸ& XyaXe©Z _| ZmQ>H$s` VÎd H$s A{Zdm ©Vm h¡Ÿ& `hm± KQ>Zm H«$_ H$mo XoIZmhr g_mMma H$s {dídgZr`Vm H$mo ~‹T>mZm h¡Ÿ& {MÌmË_H$Vm `m Ñí`mË_H$Vm XyaXe©Z g_mMma H$m àmUVÎd h¡Ÿ& EH${MÌ hOmam| eãXm| Ho$ ~am~a hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AWm©V² hOma eãXm| go {Og pñW{V, md m KQ>Zm H$s A{^ì`pŠV g§ d Zhthmo nmVr, Cgo h_ {MÌ X²dmam ñnîQ> H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& XyaXe©Z g_mMma Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na Ü`mZ XoZmMm{hE -

1. g_mMma g§{jßV hmo, H$_ go H$_ eãXm| H$m à`moJ hmoŸ&

2. dmŠ` aMZm gab hmo, N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o dmŠ` hmo, eãX ^r gab, {Man[a{MV VWm gmW©H$ hmoŸ&

3. g_mMmam| _| ZmQ>H$s`Vm Am¡a H«$_~X²YVm hmoŸ&

4. ~rM-~rM _| g_mMma go g§~§{YV Ñí` Adí` {XImE OmEŸ&

5. g_mMma dmMH$ H$m Moham H$_ go H$_ {XImB© XoŸ& g_mMma H$mo A{YH$ Ñí`mË_H$ ~Zm`m OmEŸ&

BgHo$ Abmdm XyaXe©Z na g_mMma àñVw{V ^r EH$ _hÎdnyU© H$bm h¡Ÿ& XyaXe©Z H$m g_mMma dmMH$ _mÌdmMH$ Zht hmoVm, dh EH$ H$bmH$ma ^r hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& {deofV: dmUr H$m H$bmH$ma, g_mMma H$m CVma-M‹T>md,g_mMma H$s {df`-dñVw Ho$ AZwê$n ^md- §{J_m Ho$ gmW Cgo Ñí`_mZ ~ZmZm Mm{hEŸ&

OZg§Mma _| XyaXe©Z H$s y{_H$m BVZr _hÎdnyU© h¡ {H$ BgHo$ {~Zm AmO H$s qOXJr _| gyZmnZ h¡Ÿ&OZg§Mma Ho$ {d{dY _mÜ`_m| _| XyaXe©Z H$m H$moB© _wH$m~bm Zht h¡Ÿ& `h AnZo OZg§nH©$ A{^`mZ _| gd©{à` h¡Ÿ&


(71) (71) (71) (71) (71)

AmO XyaXe©Z H$mo ZB© H$m ©-nX²Y{V _| ~XbZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡, {Oggo dh AÀN>o VarHo$ go OZg§nH©$ A{^`mZ H$moZB© {Xem Xo gHo$Ÿ&

5.3.1.3.3.1.3.3.1.3.3.1.3.3.1.3Ho$~bHo$~bHo$~bHo$~bHo$~b :- Añgr Ho$ XeH$ _| XyaXe©Z Ho$ A°ÊQ>oZm Am{X go AmJo Ho$~b H$m O_mZm Am J`m, {Oggo_Zmoa§OZ Am¡a gyMZmE± bmoJm| H$mo A{YH$ _mÌm _| àmßV hmoZo cJr§Ÿ& ha {df` na AmYm[aV ZB©-ZB© {g[a`ëg² VWmAbJ-AbJ M¡Zëg X²dmam Kam| _| _mZmo gyMZmE§ Am¡a _Zmoa§OZ H$m ñÌmoV hr ~hZo bJmŸ& _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ joÌ _| `hEH$ AZyR>r CnbpãY WrŸ& _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmW-gmW Ý yO M¡Zëg H$s g§»`m ^r ~‹T> JB© Am¡a Mm¡~rgm| K§Q>o g_mMma XoZodmbo M¡Zb Ho$~b Ho$ O[aE Kam| _| Am JEŸ& BZ g_mMmam| Zo bmoJm| Ho$ _Z _| {dídgZr`Vm n¡Xm H$sŸ& MwZmd, Iob,~mµOma, ì`mnma Am{X joÌm| H$s OmZH$mar VWm CZH$s g_rjm BZ M¡Zbm| na h_|em hmoZo bJrŸ&

A§Vam©îQ>r` M¡Zbm| Ho$ AmJ_Z Zo g§Mma Ho$ X²dma Vrd«Vm go ImoboŸ& "½bmo~b-{dboO' H$s N>{d {dH${gVH$aZo _| BZ M¡Zbm| H$s y{_H$m Ah_² h¡Ÿ& Ho$~b Ho$ X²dmam Ka ~¡R>o {díd Ho$ {H$gr ^r H$moZo _| KQ>r KQ>Zm H$màË`jXeu ~Zm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& g§Mma Ho$ BZ {dH${gV gmYZm| Zo bmoJm| H$s OrdZ-e¡br, ì`dhma, gmoM _| ^mar~Xbmd bm {X`m h¡Ÿ&

5.3.1.45.3.1.45.3.1.45.3.1.45.3.1.4 _ëQ>r _r{S>`m _ëQ>r _r{S>`m _ëQ>r _r{S>`m _ëQ>r _r{S>`m _ëQ>r _r{S>`m :- {dkmZ, VH$ZrH$s X²dmam OZg§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$mo geŠV ~ZmZo _| ~‹S>r ghm`Vm {_brh¡Ÿ& Bb¡ŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ Zo Vmo g§Mma H«$m§{V H$aVo hþE {díd H$mo "d¡pídH$ J«m_' ~Zm`m h¡Ÿ& {dkmZ Ho$ H$maU hr g§Xoeg§àofU H$mo àH$me H$s J{V {_b JB© h¡Ÿ& àma§ _| _w{X«V _mÜ`_ Ho$ X²dmam hmoZo dmbm `h OZg§Mma {dkmZ H$sghm`Vm go BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| {dH${gV hþAm h¡Ÿ& gyMZmAm| Ho$ OZ-{dVaU H$m H$m_ g_mMma nÌ AmO^r ~Iy~r {Z^m aho h¢; bo{H$Z d¡km{ZH$ Am{dîH$mam| Zo OZg§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ J{VàdU ~Zm`m h¡Ÿ&AmO {dX² wV Mw§~H$s` Va§Jm| Ho$ gmW-gmW {S>ñH$ Am¡a {g{bH$m°Z {Mßg Zo g§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$s N>{d hr ~Xb Xr h¡Ÿ&_mÜ`_m| H$m `hr ê$n ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (Multi-media))))) H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&

* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ (Multi-Media) Š`m h¡ ? ) Š`m h¡ ? ) Š`m h¡ ? ) Š`m h¡ ? ) Š`m h¡ ? :- àma§ _| _Zwî` {eën, {MÌ, nm§Sw>{b{n Am¡a CgHo$ ~mX_wX«U, ao{S>`mo, XyaXe©Z Am{X CnH$aUm| X²dmam g§Xoem| H$m g§àofU H$aVm ahm, AmO g§JUH$ H$s VH$ZrH$ Ho$ ghmaoAnZr H$ënZm, N>{d`m| Am¡a {dMmam| H$mo gmH$ma H$aZo H$m geŠV _mÜ`_ h¡ - ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_Ÿ&

~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ {df` (VÏ`), Amao{IH$s (J«m{\$H$ H$bm) Üd{Z`m|, gOrd Amao{IH$s {MÌU, EZr_oeZAm¡a Ñí` VÎdm| H$m g_pÝdV ê$n h¡Ÿ& Bg_| g^r àH$ma H$s OmZH$mar, Am±H$S>o VWm {d{dY àmê$nm| H$mo J«hU H$a CgOmZH$mar H$mo AbJ-AbJ g§~§Ym| Ho$ AZwgma Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cn`moJ H$Vm© Ho$ {ZX}emZwgma CÝh| àX{e©V H$am`mOmVm h¡Ÿ& "~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_' Ho$ ê$n _| àmoJ«m_ H$m gm°âQ>do a, g§JUH$ `m Q>obr{dOZ ñH«$sZ na àX{e©V hmoZo dmboVÏ` `m {df` {_b H$a Ñí`-lì` N>{d H$m Eogm g_m`moOZ V¡ ma H$aVo h¢, Omo g§Mma Ho$ g^r A§Jm| go wŠV hmoVmh¡Ÿ& g§JUH$ H$s ^mfm EM. Q>r. E_. Ec. `m S>r. EM. Q>r, E_. Ec. _| V¡ ma H$s JB© do~gmBQ>g² ^r ~hþg§Mma_mÜ`_ H$m A§J h¡Ÿ&

~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$s ~‹T>Vr bmoH${à`Vm Zo Cgo dm{UÁ`, {dkmnZ, {ejm, amOZr{V Am¡a _Zmoa§OZ Ho$joÌ _| A{V bmoH${à` ~Zm {X`m h¡Ÿ& Bg _mÜ`_ go nwñVH|$, {\$ë_|, I~a|, {dX²dmZm| Ho$ ì`m»`mZ Ka ~¡R>o hr CnbãY


(72)(72)(72)(72)(72)

hmo gH|$JoŸ& {H$gr eha Ho$ {bE `m{Ì`m| Ho$ Amdmg VWm ^moOZ, ñWmZ Ho$ ZŠeo, ^mfmAm| H$s OmZH$mar {_bZm `hg~ ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$m hr M_ËH$ma h¡Ÿ&

* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$s Cn`mo{JVm -* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$s Cn`mo{JVm -* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$s Cn`mo{JVm -* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$s Cn`mo{JVm -* ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ H$s Cn`mo{JVm -

1. {H$gr ^r joÌ _| O~ BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ go gyMZm `m g§Xoe àmßV H$aZm hmo, Vmo dhm± ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_H$s ghm`Vm br OmVr h¡Ÿ&

2. nma§n[aH$ g§Mma H$mo ^r A{YH$ amoMH$ Am¡a g§àofUr` ~ZmZo H$s j_Vm ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_ _| h¡Ÿ& `hA{YH$ amoMH$ ^r {gX²Y hþAm h¡Ÿ&

3. lì` _mÜ`_m| H$s ñ_aU epŠV YmaUm go Ñí`-lmì` _mÜ`_m| H$s ñ_aU j_Vm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

5.3.1.5 B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm5.3.1.5 B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm5.3.1.5 B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm5.3.1.5 B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm5.3.1.5 B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm :- g_mO Ho$ {dMmam| Am¡a gm{hË` H$mo dhZ H$aZo dmbo _mÜ`_ H$mo nÌH$m[aVmH$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& {dkmZ Zo ~‹S>r VoOr go O_mZo Ho$ ê$n H$mo ~Xb {X`m h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm joÌ Bg à^md go ANy>Vm ahVmVmo AmíM © hmoVmŸ& AmO H$s nÌH$m[aVm Zo r AnZo Amn _| nyam n[adV©Z H$a {b`m h¡Ÿ& AmO B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVmEH$ AbJ ê$n _| ñWm{nV hmo MwH$s h¡Ÿ&

* B§Q>aZoQ> Š`m h¡ ?* B§Q>aZoQ> Š`m h¡ ?* B§Q>aZoQ> Š`m h¡ ?* B§Q>aZoQ> Š`m h¡ ?* B§Q>aZoQ> Š`m h¡ ? :- B§Q>aZoQ> H$m AW© h¡ - "B§Q>aZoQ> dH©$' mZr Am§V[aH$ g§OmbAm§V[aH$ g§OmbAm§V[aH$ g§OmbAm§V[aH$ g§OmbAm§V[aH$ g§OmbŸ& B§Q>aZoQ> dH©$ {gñQ>_ H$m g§{jßVZm_ h¡ "B§Q>aZoQ>'Ÿ& `hm± {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s AZoH$ ZoQ>dH©$ àUm{b`m± CnbãY h¢, {OZH$m bm^ B§Q>aZoQ> Ho$ X²dmamAmgmZr go CR>m`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& `h EH$ Eogr àm¡X² mo{JH$s h¡, {Og_| H$amoS>m| H$åß yQ>a EH$ ZoQ>dH©$ go OwS>o hmoVo h¢Ÿ&`h {S>{OQ>b ñÌmoV Am¡a [agrda H$mo OmoS>Zo H$s à{H«$`m h¡Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> H$mo gm_mÝ` Vm¡a na H$åß yQ>am| Ho$ {dídì`mnrZoQ>dH©$ Ho$ ê$n _| n[a^m{fV H$a gH$Vo h¢, Omo EH$ àmoQ>moH$mob (gyMZm Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ g§~§Yr {Z`_) Ho$ AmYma nag§Mma H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ _mÜ`_ go gdm©{YH$ {d{dY ñÌm|Vm| go gyMZmAm| VH$ nhþ±Mm OmVm h¡, {Og_| ì`pŠV Am¡a {dídâ Ho$ g§JR>Zm| H$m `moJXmZ hmoVm h¡, Bgo ZoQ>dH©$ Am°\$ gd©g© (godH$m| H$m ZoQ>dH©$) H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

B§Q>aZoQ> H$m EH$ "dëS>© dmB©S> do~dëS>© dmB©S> do~dëS>© dmB©S> do~dëS>© dmB©S> do~dëS>© dmB©S> do~' (w. w. w.) h¡, {OgH$m bKwZm_ "do~do~do~do~do~' h¡Ÿ& Omo {d{^ÝZ g§JR>Z,Am¡X² mo{JH$ VWm e¡{jH$ à{VîR>mZ, dm{UÁ`, Am_ ì`pŠV `m g_yh X²dmam ~ZmE JE hOmam| gd©am| H$mo Amng _|OmoS>Vm h¡Ÿ& gd©g© na âo JE "do~' n¥îR>m| _| AZoH$ àH$ma H$s OmZH$mar CnbãY hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bgo àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bEgm_mÝ` ewëH$ XoZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& H$^r-H$^r {~Zm ewëH$ wJVmZ {H$E hr OmZH$mar CnbãY hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& "do~' n¥îR>mo§§go "B©-_ob', BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ npãbHo$eÝg O¡gr godmE± Am¡a AÝ` gw{dYmE± ^r CnbãY hmoVr h¢Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> nmR> gm_J«rAWdm gyMZm H$mo {díd â _| EH$ ñWmZ go Xygao ñWmZ na nhþ±MmZo H$m EH$ ZdrZ _mÜ`_ h¡, Omo erK«Vm Ho$ gmWAën ì`` _| gwJ_Vmnyd©H$ g§Mma H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

ZoQ> Ho$ A§VJ©V gyMZm B§Q>a_r{S>EQ> ZmoS²>g Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ñÌmoV go bú` VH$ nhþ±MVr h¡Ÿ& {H$gr r OmZH$marH$mo bú` VH$ nhþ±MmVo g_` B§Q>aZoQ> AmYm[aV g^r àUm{b`m| H$mo {Z`_m| Am¡a à{H«$`mAm| Ho$ g_mZ g_yh H$m nmbZH$aZm nS>Vm h¡, {OÝh| àmoQ>moH$m°b H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ {Z`_m| Am¡a à{H«$`mAm| H$mo Q>m§g{_eZ H$§Q>moc àmoQ>moH$moc Am¡aB§Q>aZoQ> àmoQ>moH$mob Ho$ ê$n _| OmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&


(73) (73) (73) (73) (73)

5.3.25.3.25.3.25.3.25.3.2 qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm :qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm :qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm :qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm :qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm :

A§J«oOr eãX OZ©{bÁ_ (Journalism) H$m hr AZwdmX nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ& OZ©{bÁ_ eãX "OZ©b' go ~Zmh¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡ "X¡{ZH$'Ÿ& àma§ _| gaH$mar H$m`m] Ho$ {bE OZ©b àH$m{eV hmoVo WoŸ& AmJo Hw$N> gm_m{OH$,amOZr{VH$ {dX²dÎmmnyU© boIm| H$mo gmd©O{ZH$ ê$n go àH$m{eV {H$`m OmZo bJmŸ& AmJo AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo bmoJm| VH${b{IV ê$n _| nhþ±MmZo H$m gmYZ Bg ÑpîQ> go nÌH$m[aVm H$s Amoa XoIm OmZo bJmŸ& Bg g§X © _| M¡å~a Am°\$ Ý ydo~ñQ>g© {S>ŠeZar _| {bIm h¡ {H$ -

“Journalism : The occupation of conducting a news medium including

publishing, editing, writing or boradcasting.”

AWm©V ""g_mMmam| Ho$ àH$meZ, boIZ, g§nmXZ H$m ì`dgm` hr nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ&''

qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm AWm©V _w{ÐV nÌH$m[aVmŸ& hñV{b{IV go AmJo ~‹T>H$a _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg hþAm, EH${ZpíMV Q>mBn Ho$ dU© ~ZmH$a dUm] go eãX Am¡a dmŠ` ~ZmH$a n¥îR> na Cgo _w{ÐV {H$`m OmZo bJm, `h nÌH$m[aVmqàQ> nÌH$m[aVm `m _w{ÐV nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ê$n _| nhMmZr OmVr h¡Ÿ& AmO _wÐU H$bm Ho$ {dH$mg go hr kmZ H$m àMmaVWm àgma gd©Xya hmo nm`m h¡& AV: _wÐU H$bm VWm Bggo g§~§{YV Amdí`H$ ~mVm| H$m AÜ``Z H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

_w{X«V nÌH$m[aVm H$m g§~§Y _wÐU H$bm go Cgr Vah h¡, {Og Vah EH$ {MÌ H$m g§~§Y {MÌH$bm go hmoVmh¡Ÿ& _Zwî` dmUr X²dmam AnZo {dMmam| H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z `h {dMma Üd{Z Ho$ X²dmam A{YH$ g_` VH$_Zwî` Ho$ AmJo Zht ah nmVoŸ& BZ {dMmamË_H$ A{^ì`pŠV H$mo Xygao bmoJm| VH$ XrK©H$mbrZ ê$n _| nhþ±MmZo Ho$ {bEAW© `m Üd{Z H$mo {b{n~X²Y H$aZo H$m H$m_ _Zwî` Zo {H$`mŸ& _w{ÐV nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {bE {b{n H$m hmoZm ~hþV hrAmdí`H$ WmŸ& AWm©V² {b{n go hr _w{X«V nÌH$m[aVm H$m OÝ_ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Am{X_ H$mb _| O~ boIZ H$mAm{dîH$ma Zht hþAm Wm, V~ {dMmam| H$mo ñ_¥{V _| gwa{jV aIZm nS>Vm Wm Am¡a CZH$m g§àofU EH$ nr‹T>r go Xygarnr‹T>r VH$ {H$`m OmVm WmŸ& H$mbm§Va _| {b{n H$m Am{dîH$ma hþAm Am¡a {dMmam| H$mo {bIm OmZo bJmŸ& qH$Vw Xygar à{VV¡ ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~hþV l_ H$aZm n‹S>Vm WmŸ& _wÐU Ho$ Am{dîH$ma go {H$gr ^r boI H$s AZoH$ à{V`m± {ZH$mbZmg§ d hþAm Am¡a àgma _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$mo BgH$m H$m\$s bm^ hþAmŸ&

_wÐU àVrH$m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {dMmam| H$s A{^ì`pŠV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& qH$Vw AÀN>m _wÐU {dMmam| H$s A{^ì`pŠVHo$ gmW-gmW nmR>H$m| H$mo ^r AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bgr dOh go _wÐU H$mo H$bm Ho$ én _| XoIm OmZo bJm h¡Ÿ& `{Xg_mMma-nÌ `m nÌH$m[aVm H$mo XwëhZ _mZm OmE, Vmo _wÐU CgHo$ n[aYmZ _mZo OmE§JoŸ& AÀN>o {dMmam| H$moH$bmË_H$Vm go àñVwV H$aZo H$m H$m_ _wÐU H$bm H$aVr h¡Ÿ&

_wÐU H$bm H$m B{Vhmg_wÐU H$bm H$m B{Vhmg_wÐU H$bm H$m B{Vhmg_wÐU H$bm H$m B{Vhmg_wÐU H$bm H$m B{Vhmg :- gm{hË` H$mo {b{n~X²Y H$aZo Ho$ B{Vhmg _| do J«§W àW_ AmVo h¢, Omo ^moO nÌm| na {bIoJE h¢Ÿ& bo{H$Z `h _mÜ`_ H${R>Z VWm _`m©{XV hr WmŸ& AmJo H$mJO Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Zo gwboI X²dmam J«§Wm| H$m àgma~‹T>mZo _| ghm`Vm {_brŸ& bo{H$Z _wÐU Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Zo kmZ g§àofU Ho$ joÌ _| EH$ H«$m§{V CnpñWV H$rŸ& Bggo{dMmam| H$mo erK«Vm go N>mnZm VWm H$_ g_` _| A{YH$m{YH$ à{V`m| H$mo ~ZmZm g§ d hþAmŸ& _wÐU H$s hr g\$bVmh¡ {H$ nÌH$m[aVm H$mo {b{n Ho$ ê$n _| _yH$ dmUr {_b JB©Ÿ& BgHo$ \$bñdê$n hr n{ÌH$mE± Am¡a g_mMma nÌ àH$m{eVhmoZo bJo Am¡a kmZ-àgma ì`mnH$ ê$n go hmo gH$mŸ&


(74)(74)(74)(74)(74)

_mZm OmVm h¡ _wÐU H$m Ama§ MrZ _| hþAmŸ& ~m¡X²Y Y_© Ho$ àMma Ho$ CX²Xoí` go Ym{_©H$ gm{hË` H$sà{V{b{n`m± A{YH$ g§»`m _| àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE _wÐU H$m à`moJ MrZ _| nhbr ~ma hþAmŸ& MrZ H$s ghñÌ ~wX²YJw\$mAm| _| ""hraH$ gyÌhraH$ gyÌhraH$ gyÌhraH$ gyÌhraH$ gyÌ'' Zm_H$ {_br {H$Vm~ H$mo hr g§gma H$s gd©àW_ _w{X«V {H$Vm~ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| ‹T>mB©\y$Q> bå~o Am¡a EH$ \y$Q> Mm¡‹S>o N>: n¥îR> h¢, Omo gmao Ho$ gmao gmobh \y$Q> b§~o EH$ H$mJO na {MnHo$ hþE h¢Ÿ& `h _wÐUãbmH$ Ho$ ê$n _| hþAm h¡Ÿ&

MrZ _| hr {MZr {_Q²>Q>r Ho$ Q>mB©n 1041 B©. _| Ho$ nr e¢JHo$ nr e¢JHo$ nr e¢JHo$ nr e¢JHo$ nr e¢J Zo ~ZmE, ~mX _| CÝhm|Zo hr Q>rZ Ho$ Q>mB©n ^r~ZmEŸ& qH$Vw BZ gmYZm| H$m n[aUm_ CVZm g\$b Zht ahmŸ& 1314 B©. _| dm§J Mm§Jdm§J Mm§Jdm§J Mm§Jdm§J Mm§Jdm§J Mm§J Zo bH$‹S>r Ho$ Q>mB©n ^r ~ZmEWoŸ& MrZ go `h _wÐU H$bm OmnmZ VWm H$mo[a`m JB©Ÿ& H$mo[a`m Ho$ amOm OZab WrOZab WrOZab WrOZab WrOZab Wr Zo BZ YmVw Ho$ Q>mBnm| H$s \$mCÊS>r~ZdmB© WrŸ& ~m¡X²Y {^jwAm| Ho$ à`mgm| go dU©_mbm dmbr {b{n H$m à`moJ Ama§ hþAm Am¡a CgHo$ {bE Q>mBn r ~Zo,{OZHo$ AmYma na EH$ nwñVH$ ^r àH$m{eV H$s JB©Ÿ& AZoH$ {dX²dmZm| H$m _mZZm h¡ {H$ _wÐU H$bm nyd© go hr npíM_JB©Ÿ& yamon _| Bg H$bm H$m ñdV§Ì ê$n go {dH$mg hþAmŸ& gm_mÝ`V: nyao yamon _| _wÐU H$bm H$m àgma 15 dt eVr_| hþAm; O¡go BQ>br (1456 B©.), \«$m§g (1470 B©.), ñnoZ (1474 B©.), B§½b¡ÊS> (1478 B©.), S>oÝ_mH©$ (1482 B©.),nwV©Jmb (1494 B©.) VWm ê$g (1553 B©.)& AmJo Am¡X² mo{JH$ H«$m§{V Zo _wÐU H$bm na ^r AnZm A_rQ> à^md N>moS>mŸ&

* ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg* ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg* ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg* ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg* ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg :- ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm 16 dr§ eVr _| AmB©Ÿ& BgHo$ nyd© ^maVr` g§ñH¥${V _|doXm| H$mo g~go àmMrZ J«§W _mZm OmVm WmŸ& ^maVr` Y_© gm{hË` A{YH$Va ê$n _| Jwê$_wI go gwZH$a VWm Cgoñ_aU H$a EH$ nr‹T>r gr Xygar nr‹T>r VH$ nhþ±Mm`m J`mŸ& {b{IV ê$n _| Bg gm{hË` H$mo H$B© e{V`m| ~mX moOnÌ na{bIm nm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& H$mJO Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Ho$ ~mX AZoH$ hñV{b{IV ê$n nmE OmZo bJoŸ& _wÐU H$bm VWm _w{ÐVgm{hË` H$m ^maV _| AmJ_Z 1556 B©. go _mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh nwV©Jmb H$s XoZ h¡Ÿ& ^maV _| 6 {gV§~a, 1556 _|nhbm àog Am J`mŸ& d¡go Vmo `h àog nwV©Jmb go A~rgr{Z`m oOm Om ahm Wm, bo{H$Z amñVo _| Cgo Jmodm _| amoH$mJ`m Am¡a A~rgr{Z`m OmZo dmbm `h àog Jmodm Ho$ JdZ©a Ho$ AmJ«h na Jmodm _| hr aIm J`mŸ& 1557 B©. _| ^maV _|g|Q> O¡{dàg|Q> O¡{dàg|Q> O¡{dàg|Q> O¡{dàg|Q> O¡{dà Zo "Xm¡H$ÌrZm {H«$ñVmAm|Xm¡H$ÌrZm {H«$ñVmAm|Xm¡H$ÌrZm {H«$ñVmAm|Xm¡H$ÌrZm {H«$ñVmAm|Xm¡H$ÌrZm {H«$ñVmAm|' Zm_ H$s {H$Vm~ gd©àW_ N>ndmB©Ÿ& AmJo B©gmB© {_eZ[a`m| X²dmam {d{^ÝZàH$ma H$s Y_© àMmaH$ {H$Vm~| N>ndmH$a Bg H$bm H$m Am¡a A{YH$ {dH$mg hþAmŸ&

^maV _| Xygam àog B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZr H$s ghm`Vm go Ama§ hþAmŸ& JwOamV Ho$ ^r_Or nmaoI^r_Or nmaoI^r_Or nmaoI^r_Or nmaoI^r_Or nmaoI Zo BgHo$ {bEà`mg {H$`mŸ& _amR>r VWm AÝ` àmXo{eH$ mfm _| _wÐU H$a B©gmB© Y_© àMma H$aZo hoVw H§$nZr X²dmam h àog bJm`mJ`mŸ& 1712 B©. _| _Ðmg _| Vrgam àog ñWm{nV {H$`m J`mŸ& S>o{Ze {_eZar ~Wm©bå`m| OrJoZ~bJ~Wm©bå`m| OrJoZ~bJ~Wm©bå`m| OrJoZ~bJ~Wm©bå`m| OrJoZ~bJ~Wm©bå`m| OrJoZ~bJ X²dmam àmoQ>oñQ>¡ÊQ>B©gmB© Y_© àgma Ho$ hoVw `h bJm`m J`mŸ& ~§Jmc _| ì`mnH$ ê$n go _wÐU H$bm H$m {dH$mg hþAmŸ& gmW hr 1816 B©._| A_[aH$s B©gmB© {_eZ[a`m| X²dmam _§w~B© _| ^r BgH$m ì`mnH$ {dñVma hþAm Ÿ&

g§jon _| XoIm OmE Vmo maV _| _wÐU H$bm B©gmB© {_eZ[a`m| X²dmam Y_©àgma VWm A§J«oOm| X²dmam amOZr{VH$H$maUm| Ho$ {bE hr ñWm{nV hþB©Ÿ&

* _wÐU {d{Y`m± Am¡a qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm* _wÐU {d{Y`m± Am¡a qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm* _wÐU {d{Y`m± Am¡a qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm* _wÐU {d{Y`m± Am¡a qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm* _wÐU {d{Y`m± Am¡a qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm :- qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm _| _wÐU H$bm H$m ñWmZ _hÎdnyU© h¡Ÿ& qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm_wÐU H$s AbJ-AbJ {d{Y`m| X²dmam hr bmoJm| Ho$ A{YH$ H$ar~ nhþ±Mr h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ g§nmXH$ H$mo _wÐU H$bmHo$ {d{dY A§Jm| H$m kmZ hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& _wÐU {d^mJ _yb ê$n go §Ì àYmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gm_mÝ` _wÐU §Ìm| na


(75) (75) (75) (75) (75)

_wÐU H$Vm© Am¡a CgHo$ ghm`H$ B§H$_¡Z Am¡a nona _¡Z hmoVo h¢Ÿ& N>moQ>o Q>o{S>b na àm`: EH$ ì`pŠVX²dmam H$m_ MbgH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z ~‹S>r _erZm| na A{YH$ ì`pŠV`m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ _| H$ånmo{OQ>a ^r H$m_H$aVm h¡, Omo _wÐU à{H«$`m _| {Z_m©U hmoZo dmbr Ìw{Q>`m± Am{X H$mo gwYmaZo H$m H$m_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ {bEg§J«{hV gm_J«r H$mo H«$_~X²Y ê$n _| aIH$a n¥îR> {Z_m©U H$aZm Am¡a ày\$ emoYZ {d^mJ go Cg gm_J«r H$mnwZamdbmoH$Z H$a _wÐU Ama§ H$aZo H$s Xwhar {Oå_oXmar Bg {d^mJ na hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

_mZd l_ X²dmam Am¡a ñd §M{bV §Ìm| X²dmam _wÐU H$m H$m_ Mb ahm h¡, bo{H$Z AmO {dkmZ H$sghm`Vm go Bg {d{Y _| H$m\$s {dH$mg hþAm h¡Ÿ& AbJ-AbJ {dH${gV _erZm| X²dmam nwñVH$m| H$s Anojm g_mMmanÌ, n{ÌH$mE± erK«Vm go ~‹S>r g§»`m _| _w{X«V hmo aht h¢Ÿ& A~ Vmo Am°\$goQ> N>nmB© Ho$ H$maU Aja _wÐU _| Am¡a A{YH$gwYma bmZm g§ d hþAm h¡Ÿ& H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ _| AbJ-AbJ YmVw Ho$ Q>mBn H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm Wm, bo{H$Z AmO_wÐU Q>¡ŠZmobm°Or _| hþB© H«$m§{V Zo Q>mBnm| H$mo r AZmdí`H$ R>ham`m h¡Ÿ& A~ H$åß yQ>a H$s ghm`Vm go \$moQ>mo H§$nmoqOJVWm boOa Q>mBn goqQ>J X²dmam EH$ {\$ë_ na hr H§$nmoO hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cg {\$ë_ go nyam n¥îR> V¡ ma H$aHo$ Am°\$goQ>_wÐU H$a {X`m OmVm h¡, {Oggo H§$nmoqOJ erK«Vm go VWm gñVo _| hmoZo bJm h¡Ÿ& A~ àog Ho$ {bE nyao H§$nmoqOJ{d^mJ H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht ah JB©Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ _wÐU _| CnJ«h, g¡Q>obmB©Q> Ho$ à`moJ Zo Am¡a ^r H«$m§{VH$marn[adV©Z bm`m h¡Ÿ& A~ EH$ hr ñWmZ na g§nm{XV, H§$nmoO hþE g_mMma nÌ _| nyao n¥îR>m| H$mo AZoH$ ñWmZm| na oO{X`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a dh g_mMma nÌ AZoH$ ZJam| _| N>nH$a {dVarV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& A~ ha ZJa _|H§$nmoqOJ H$s ì`dñWm aIZo H$s Oê$aV hr Zht ahrŸ&

5.3.35.3.35.3.35.3.35.3.3 ày\$ emoYZ :ày\$ emoYZ :ày\$ emoYZ :ày\$ emoYZ :ày\$ emoYZ :

g_mMma nÌ `m n{ÌH$m _| Omo nmR²>` gm_J«r àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡, `{X dh dmŠ`{dÝ`mg Amj[aH$,ì`mH$a{UH$ Am¡a mdmË_H$ ê$n go Ìw{Q>nyU© h¡, Vmo AW© H$m AZW© hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& h Z hmo Am¡a {b{IV mfm H$s Ìw{Q>`m±Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE ày\$ emoYZ H$m _hÎd Ag§{X½Y h¡Ÿ& h H$m © ày\$ arS>a X²dmam {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ày\$ arS>a H$m n`m©ßVê$n go `mo½` hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& Cgo eãXm| H$m Am¡a ^mfm H$m ght-ghr kmZ hmo, V^r dh AnZo H$m © H$mo R>rH$-R>rH$ A§Om_ Xo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

H$åß yQ>a - wJ go nyd© H$mb _| Am¡a AmO r BgH$m ~‹S>m _hÎd h¡Ÿ& AmO H$b H$åß yQ>a na noO V¡ ma H$aHo$CgH$m nyam qàQ> bo {b`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a ày\$ arS>a Cg_| Ty>±‹T>-Ty±‹T>H$a Xmofm| H$m {ZdmaU H$aVm h¡Ÿ& àW_ ày\$ H$m nR>ZEd§ g§emoYZ AË §V _hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ewX²Y {H$E qàQ> H$s Ìw{Q>`m± R>rH$ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX, nwZ: Z`m qàQ> boH$a n‹T>mOmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Xygam Am¡a Vrgam ày\$ n‹T>m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Ìw{Q>hrZ noO H$mo N>nmB© Ho$ {bE oO {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

* àw\ arS>a H$m H$m © * àw\ arS>a H$m H$m © * àw\ arS>a H$m H$m © * àw\ arS>a H$m H$m © * àw\ arS>a H$m H$m © :- ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ì`mdgm{`H$ à{VîR>mZm| _| VrZ `m Mma ñVar` àw\ arS>a {Z wŠV {H$E OmVo h¢,O~{H$ bKw g§ñWmAm| _| EH$ go hr H$m_ Mbm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& àw\ arS>a H$mo eãX Am¡a ^mfm H$s n`m©ßV OmZH$mar hmoZmAmdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& dh Omo g§emoYZ H$aVm h¡, dh _yb à{V Ho$ AZwgma hr hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& _yb n«{V _| hr `{X H$htÌw{Q> h¡, Vmo Cgo g§nmXH$ H$s OmZH$mar _| bmH$a R>rH$ H$amZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg H$m © Ho$ {bE ày\$ arS>a g§emoYZ _|àíZdmMH$ {Mh²Z H$m Cn`moJ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Bg {Mh²Z H$mo XoIH$a g§nmXH$ g_P OmVm h¡ {H$ _yb à{V _| Xmof ah J`mh¡Ÿ& V~ dh Cg Xmof H$m {ZdmaU H$amVm h¡ AWdm ñd § H$aVm h¡Ÿ&


(76)(76)(76)(76)(76)

ày\$ g§emoYZ H$s EH$ gm§Ho${VH$ ^mfm hmoVr h¡, Bgo g_PZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§emoYZ Ho$ {bE àm`:Vrg go A{YH$ {Mh²Z ì`dhma _| bmE JE h¢Ÿ& ày\$ arS>a H$mo BZ g^r g§Ho$V {Mh²Zm| Ho$ AWm] H$s OmZH$mar hmoZmbm^Xm`H$ h¡Ÿ&

* ày\$ g§emoYZ Ho$ {Mh²Z Am¡a CZHo$ AW© :* ày\$ g§emoYZ Ho$ {Mh²Z Am¡a CZHo$ AW© :* ày\$ g§emoYZ Ho$ {Mh²Z Am¡a CZHo$ AW© :* ày\$ g§emoYZ Ho$ {Mh²Z Am¡a CZHo$ AW© :* ày\$ g§emoYZ Ho$ {Mh²Z Am¡a CZHo$ AW© :

&&&&& \w$b ñQ>m°n ( nyU© {dam_)

,,,,, H$m¡_m bJmE± ( H$mo_m)

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cape ~‹S>m Aja bJmE± ( H¡$nrQ>ëg )

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le N>moQ>m Aja bJmE± ( bmoAa Ho$g b¡Q>a )


(77) (77) (77) (77) (77)

sc N>moQ>m H¡${nQ>b Aja bJmE± (ñ_m°b H¡${nQ>ëg)

AZwÀN>oX Zht Mm{hE Ÿ& ( Zmo n¡amJ«m\$)

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1-1 EH$ E_ H$m S>¡g bJmE± ( dZ E_ S>¡g )

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c copy _yb à{V XoIo ( gr H$m°nr )

rom grYm Q>mBn bJmE± ( amo_Z)

CnamoŠV gm§Ho${VH$ {Mh²Zm| Ho$ ñWmZ na AmO H$b AW© ñnîQ> H$aHo$ ^r g§emoYZ {H$E OmZo bJo h¢Ÿ& AW©{bIH$a Ìw{Q> H$s Amoa Ü`mZ AmH¥$îQ> H$aZo dmbm g§emoYZ àm`: nwñVH$s` ày\$ nR>Z _| nwñVH$ boIH$m| X²dmam hr {H$`mOmVm h¡Ÿ&

5.3.45.3.45.3.45.3.45.3.4 co AmCQ> :co AmCQ> :co AmCQ> :co AmCQ> :co AmCQ> :

""bo AmCQ> H$m AW© h¡, àmê$n AWdm AmH$bZàmê$n AWdm AmH$bZàmê$n AWdm AmH$bZàmê$n AWdm AmH$bZàmê$n AWdm AmH$bZ''Ÿ& bo AmCQ> dh àmê$n hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma n¥îR> H$m{Z_m©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ EH$ S>_r ~ZmH$a H$ånmoqOJ {d^mJ H$mo XoVm h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma n¥îR> H$m{Z_m©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ& nÌ H$m Zm_, g_mMma, boI, H$mQy©Z, {dkmnZ Ed§ ãbm°H$ Am{X {H$g ñWmZ na XoZo h¢, erf©H$m| Ho$Q>mBn H¡$go hm|Jo, g_mMma H$s àW_ VWm X²{dVr` brS> H$m¡Z-gr hmoJr VWm {H$g àH$ma go CÝh| àñVwV {H$`m OmEJmAm{X {dMma BgHo$ A§VJ©V {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&

bo AmCQ> H$aVo g_` Bg ~mV H$m Ü`mZ hmo {H$ nmR>H$ g_mMma nÌ n‹T>Vm H¡$go h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ AnZoAm±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo nH$S>Vo g_` dh Cg nÌ H$mo H$hm± _moS>Vm h¡Ÿ& AWm©V AmYo na dh g_mMma nÌ H$mo _moS>o ~J¡a Rr>H$Vah go Zht n‹T> nmVmŸ& Bg{bE g_mMma nÌ Ho$ EH$ n¥îR> Ho$ ^r Xmo {hñgo bo AmCQ> _| hr {ZpíMV H$aZm Amdí`H$h¡, {Oggo _moS> na H$moB© {MÌ `m g_mMma Z Am OmE Am¡a nmR>H$m| H$mo dh n‹T>Zo _| H${R>ZVm Z hmoŸ&

bo AmCQ> _| {MÌm| H$m n¥îR> na {ZYm©aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$bmË_H$ ÑpîQ> H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡Ÿ& EH$ n¥îR> na`{X Xmo `m A{YH$ {MÌ boZo h¢, Vmo bo AmCQ> _| hr CZH$m ñWmZ {ZYm©aU {H$`m OmEŸ& EH$ go A{YH$ {MÌ hmo, Vmonyao n¥îR> _| {MÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go g§VwbZ ~ZmZm hmoVm h¡, Am¡a `{X EH$ hr, {MÌ hmo, Vmo {MÌ H$m g§VwbZ _moQ>o Q>mBnHo$ ~‹S>o erf©H$ X²dmam H$aZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `{X Xmo {MÌ hmo, Vmo `h gX¡d Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ AI~ma Ohm± ~rM _|go _moS>m OmVm h¡, {MÌ Cg _moS> Ho$ gmW _wS>o ZhtŸ& AJa Eogm hmoVm h¡, Vmo {MÌ H$m nmR>H$ na à^md Zht ahVm Am¡a_moS> H$s aJS> go {MÌ H$m gm¢X © ^r ZîQ> hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&


(78)(78)(78)(78)(78)

bo AmCQ> H$aVo g_` AnZo AmR> H$m°b_ H$m EH$ {ZpíMV àmê$n ~Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ AmR> H$m°b_m| _|g_mMma `m {MÌ Am{X XoZo Ho$ ~hþV go {dH$ën ahVo h¢Ÿ& Bg bo AmCQ> H$s H$moB© {ZpíMV Zr{V Zht hmoVrŸ& ha Cng§nmXH$ AnZr H$ënZm Ho$ AmYma na nmR>H$m| H$s ê${M H$m Ü`mZ aIVo hþE Bg_| n[adV©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {\$a r hag_mMma-nÌ H$s bo AmCQ> H$s AnZr {ZpíM{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& BgH$m à^md nmR>H$m| na BVZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {H$grg§X ©hrZ g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ Qw>H$S>o H$mo XoIH$a à~wX²Y nmR>H$ nhMmZ boVm h¡ {H$ h H$mJO H$m Qw>H$S>m {H$g g_mMma-nÌ H$mh¡Ÿ&

g_mMma nÌ _| AmR>m| H$m°b_m| _o§ 72 ßdmBªQ> _moQ>m erf©H$ ~¡Za bmB©Z H$hbmVm h¡, Omo ~hþV hr _hÎdnyU©g_mMma hmoZo na {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AÝ`Wm VrZ `m Mma H$m°b_ H$m erf©H$ 48 ßdmBªQ> _| XoH$a hr g~go à_wI g_mMmaH$mo àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bgo àW_ br‹S> `m br‹S> ñQ>moar H$hVo h¢Ÿ& _hÎd Ho$ AZwgma Xygao g_mMma H$mo g¡H|$S> brS>H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& n¥îR> Ho$ g§VwbZ Ho$ {bE H$^r-H$^r ZrMo Ho$ H$m°b_m| _| "[a\$boŠQ>a' erf©H$ {X`m OmVm h¡, Omo àm`:VrZ, Mma `m nm±M H$m°b_mo §H$m 48 ßdmBªQ> H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& bo AmCQ> _| {ZåZ ~mVm| H$s Amoa A{YH$ Ü`mZ {X`m OmVmh¡ -

1. AI~ma H$m bo AmCQ> H$aVo g_` n¥îR> g§VwbZ H$mo A{YH$ _hÎd XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$ AI~ma n‹T>Vog_` Cgo AmYm _moS> XoVm h¡ `m H$^r AI~ma H$mo Mm¡n{V`m _mo‹S>H$a n‹T>Vm h¡, {Oggo EH$ g_` _| n¥îR>H$m Mm¡WmB© ^mJ hr gm_Zo ahVm h¡Ÿ& Eogr pñW{V _| n¥îR> Ho$ ha Mm¡WmB© {hñgo H$m g§VwbZ ghr hmoŸ&

2. bo AmCQ> H$aVo g_` {MÌm| H$m _hÎd ^r CVZm hr hmoVm h¡, {OVZm eãXm| H$mŸ& EH$ {MÌ hOma eãXm| H$modmUr XoVm h¡Ÿ& Bgr{bE n¥îR> na {MÌm| H$m g§VwbZ ^r g_mZ ê$n go hmoŸ&

3. Bg_| {MÌ M`Z H$mo ^r XoIZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& {MÌ _mÌ OJh ^aZo H$m `m Mohao {XImZo H$m _mÜ`_ hr Zhmo, ~pëH$ Cggo Hw$N> H$hm ^r OmEŸ& Bg{bE gnmQ> Vñdram| H$s OJh J{Verb Vñdra| (EŠeZ {nŠMa)A{YH$ AÀN>r g_Pr OmVr h¢&

4. bo AmCQ> H$aVo g_` {OVZm Ü`mZ _wIn¥îR> na {X`m OmVm h¡, CVZm _hÎd A§{V_ n¥îR> na ^r XoZmAmdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& _wIn¥îR> Ho$ gmW-gmW nmR>H$ àW_ A§{V_ n¥îR> H$mo hr XoIVm h¡Ÿ& {Og H$ënH$Vm Am¡aJ§ raVm go àW_ n¥îR> H$mo gOm`m OmVm h¡, CVZr hr J§ raVm go A§{V_ n¥îR> H$mo ^r gOm`m OmEŸ&

5. _wIn¥îR> Ho$ g_mMmam| Ho$ eofm§e {Og n¥îR> na {XE OmE, dh ^r AmH$f©H$ S>~b H$m°b_ ~ZmH$a Iy~r gon¥îR>gÁOm H$m EH$ A§J ~Z OmE±Ÿ& g^r eofm§e {H$gr EH$ hr n¥îR> na {XE OmE±Ÿ&

6. {dMma-n«ofU H$s ÑpîQ> go g§nmXH$s` n¥îR> nÌ H$s AmË_m hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE {dMmaerb nmR>H$ H$m Ü`mZBgH$s Amoa ^r OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg n¥îR> Ho$ bo AmCQ> na ^r AbJ go {dMma hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

7. g§nmXH$s` n¥îR> na hr EH$ {dMmamoÎmoOH$ boI, nmR>H$ Ho$ nÌ `m AÝ` ñV§ ^r ahVo h¢Ÿ& Bg n¥îR> H$moZragVm go ~MmZo Ho$ {bE boI g§~§{YV {MÌ `m nmR>H$m| Ho$ nÌm| go d{U©V {H$gr {df` na H$mQy>©Z ^r {XEOm gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&


(79) (79) (79) (79) (79)

8. ñV§ m| Ho$ erf©H$m| Ho$ ãbm°H$ ~ZmH$a XoZo go ^r Bg n¥îR> H$s gÁOm gwYmar Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& {d^mOZ aoImAm{X go g§nmXH$s` n¥îR> Ho$ nyao d¥Îmm§V H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

9. dm{UÁ` ì`dgm` VWm N>moQ>o {dkmnZ H$m n¥îR> AZoH$ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE ^bo hr ~oH$ma hmo, bo{H$Z dh ^rg_mMma nÌ H$m _hÎdnyU© {hñgm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: Bg n¥îR> H$m bo AmCQ> r Eogm hmo {H$ gm_mÝ` nmR>H$ rCg na AnZr gagar ZOa {\$amEŸ&

gmam§e, g_mMma-nÌ H$m bo AmCQ> AnZo Amn _| g§nyU© hmoŸ& ha {XZ H$m g_mMma-nÌ AnZo àñVwVrH$aU_| AbJ hmo VWm bmoJm| H$s ZOa| CgH$s Amoa AmH¥$îQ> hmo, BVZm geŠV CgH$m bo AmCQ> hmoŸ&

5.3.55.3.55.3.55.3.55.3.5 n¥îR> gÁOm :n¥îR> gÁOm :n¥îR> gÁOm :n¥îR> gÁOm :n¥îR> gÁOm :

{Og Vah gm{hË` _| ^md nj Ho$ gmW-gmW H$bm nj ^r _hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡, d¡go hr nÌH$m[aVm _| ^rg_mMmam| Ho$ VÏ` Ho$ gmW-gmW CgHo$ n¥îR>m| H$s gmO-gÁOm H$m ^r _hÎd h¡Ÿ& AmO H$b Š`m ~oMZm h¡, BgHo$gmW-gmW H¡$go ~oMZm h¡, CgH$s Amoa ^r A{YH$ Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& ^bo hr Ho$db gmO-gÁOm Ho$ ~b nag_mMma nÌ Zht Mbm`m OmVm, g_mMma Am¡a {dMma hr g_mMma-nÌ _| _hÎdnyU© h¢; bo{H$Z BZ g_mMmam| H$moEH$ H$bmË_H$Vm Ho$ gmW n¥îR> na àñVwV H$aZm ^r A{Zdm © hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| _| _hÎdnyU© Am¡a AgmYmaUg_mMmam| H$mo EH$ hr ñWmZ na Bg Vah àñVwV {H$`m OmE± {H$ do nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z, ~wX²{Y Am¡a Am±I| VrZm| H$mo V¥ßV H$agHo$, Bgr _| g_mMma-nÌ H$s g\$bVm h¡Ÿ& h H$m © g_mMma nÌ H$s gmO-gÁOm Ho$ {~Zm à^mdembr ê$n go Zht{H$`m Om gH$VmŸ& A_o[aH$m Ho$ à{gX²Y gm{hË`H$ma _mH©$ Q²>doZ_mH©$ Q²>doZ_mH©$ Q²>doZ_mH©$ Q²>doZ_mH©$ Q²>doZ Zo H$hm h¡, ""g_mMma-nÌ H$m nhbm H$V©ì` h¡ {H$dh gw§Xa {XIo, Xygam `h {H$ gM ~moboŸ&'' AWm©V `hm± ^mdnj (VÏ`) Am¡a H$bmnj (àñVwVrH$aU) XmoZm| H$mog_mZê$n go _hÎd {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

n¥îR> gÁOm _| ha n¥îR> H$m _hÎd AbJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| H$m JR>Z H$aZo g_` EH$ Vmo `h XoIm OmVmh¡ {H$ {H$Z g_mMmam| H$mo A{YH$ _hÎd XoZm h¡, {H$Z g_mMmam| H$mo C^maZm h¡ ? Xygar _hÎdnyU© ~mV `h {H$nmR>H$m| H$s ZOa _| nyao n¥îR> H$m dOZ EH$ g_mZ hmo, n¥îR> H$m EH$ H$moZm hr dOZXma VWm AmH$f©H$ Am¡a Xygam H$moZm{Z~©b VWm Cno{jV ah OmE, Vmo gmO-gÁOm {~JS> OmVr h¡Ÿ&

n¥îR> H$s gmO-gÁOm Ho$ {bE VrZ ~mVm| H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡ -

1. {S>OmB©Z (Design)

2. _oH$An (Make-up)

3. co AmCQ> (Lay-out)

1. {S>OmB©Z {S>OmB©Z {S>OmB©Z {S>OmB©Z {S>OmB©Z :- {H$gr ^r {Z_m©U Ho$ nyd© {Z_m©U H$Vm© H$ënZm Ho$ ê$n _| Cg dñVw H$m EH$ nyam {MÌ AWm©V²{S>OmB©Z AnZo _Z _| {Z_m©U H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ ~mao _| ^r `hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§H${bV g_mMmam| H$moH$hm±, H¡$go Am¡a {H$g n¥îR> na àñVwV H$a| ?, g_mMmam| Ho$ erf©H$ H¡$go hm|Jo ?, eãXm| H$m Q>mBn VWm \$m°ÊQ>Š`m hmo ? _wIn¥îR> na AmE g_mMmam| H$m eofm§e AÝ` {H$g n¥îR> na {X`m OmE ? {dkmnZ H$hm± {XE OmE


(80)(80)(80)(80)(80)

Am¡a do AmH$f©H$ H¡$go bJo ? H$ba n¥îR> na {H$Z g_mMmam| H$mo {b`m OmE ? VWm {MÌ H$hm± àñVwV H$a|?Am{X g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {S>OmB©Z ~ZmVo g_` h_| ImoOZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& {S>OmB©Z _| nyao g_mMma nÌ H$m Zjmhr Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

2. _oH$An_oH$An_oH$An_oH$An_oH$An :- BgHo$ A§VJ©V ha n¥îR> H$s aMZm na AbJ go {dMma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| g_mMmam| H$m_hÎd, \$moQ>mo VWm CgH$m d¥Îmm§V Am{X H$mo n¥îR> na EH$ AmH$f©H$ ê$n go gOm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| Ho$erf©H$m| H$mo AmH$f©H$ Q>mBn _| Bg àH$ma {bIm OmVm h¡ {H$ Cgo XoIH$a Am¡a n‹T>H$a nmR>H$ g_mMma nÌ H$sAmoa AmH¥$îR> hmo OmEŸ& _oH$-An Ho$ A§VJ©V \$moQ>mo H$m _hÎd A{YH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _mÌ \$moQ>mo H$mo XoIH$a ^rH$^r-H$^r nmR>H$ g_mMma n‹T>Vo h¢& AV: EH$ n¥¥îR> na {H$VZo \$moQ>mo {XE OmE `h ^r {ZpíMV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&n¥îR> na g_mMma, boI, \$moQ>mo, H$mQy>©Z VWm {dkmnZ Am{X H$m EH$ gmW Eogm à^md {Z_m©U hmoZmAmdí`H$ h¡ {H$ nmR>H$m| H$m nyam Ü`mZ Cg na H|${ÐV hmo OmEŸ&

3. bo AmCQ>bo AmCQ>bo AmCQ>bo AmCQ>bo AmCQ> :- bo AmCQ> Ho$ ê$n _| g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ nyao ê$n H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV H$bmË_H$Vm go àñVwV {H$`mOmVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m AW© h¡ "àmê$n VWm AmH$bZ'Ÿ& bo AmCQ> Ho$ AZwgma hr n¥îR> H$m {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ&g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ X²dmam Bg àmê$n H$mo ~ZmH$a CgH$s S>_r H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ H$mo Xr OmVr h¡Ÿ& h {d^mJCg na H$bmË_H$ g§ñH$ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$m Zm_, boIH$, \$moQ>mo, H$mQy>©Z, {dkmnZ Am{X H$mñWmZ {ZpíMV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& eãXm| Ho$ \$m°ÊQ> go boH$a erf©H$, brS>, Am{X Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU Ho$ g§~§Y _|`hm± ~hþV J§ raVm go gmoMm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V :- n¥îR> gÁOm H$m _yb CX²Xoí` hmoVm h¡, g_mMma-nÌ H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZmŸ&g_mMma-nÌ nR>Zr` hmoZm Amdí`H$ hr h¡, gmW hr dh Xe©Zr` hmo, `h ^r CVZm hr _hÎdnyU© h¡Ÿ& ha n¥îR>g§Vw{bV hmo, BVZm hr Zht, ha n¥îR> H$m ha H$moZm g_mZ ê$n go dOZXma hmoŸ& nmR>H$m| H$mo g_mMma nÌ n‹T>Vo g_`CZH$s Am±Im| na AZmdí`H$ X~md Z nS>o, BgH$m Ü`mZ n¥îR>gÁOmH$ma H$mo aIZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE {ZåZ_yb yV ~mVm| H$mo AYmoao{IV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ -

1. nmR>H$ H$s ÑpîQ> H$mo ItMZo H$s g_W©Vm g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ n¥îR> _| hmoZr Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE {MÌ,a§Jg§JVr VWm eãXm| Ho$ Q>mBn Am¡a \$m°ÊQ> H$m AÜ``Z hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& Hw$N> a§J Eogo h¢, Omo _Zwî` H$sAm±Im| H$mo AnZr Amoa XoIZo Ho$ {bE {dde H$aVo h¢, Bg _Zmod¡km{ZH$Vm H$m Ü`mZ n¥îR>gÁOmH$ma H$moaIZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

2. g_mMmam| Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU _| ^r EH$ H«$_~X²YVm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¢Ÿ& ^bo hr EH$ n¥îR> na AbJ-AbJ {df` Ho$ g_mMma hmoVo h¢, {\$a ^r g_mMma nÌ {IM‹S>r Z bJo, {Oggo nmR>H$ C~ OmEŸ& hag_mMma n‹T>Zo Ho$ ~mX CgH$m à^md nmR>H$ Ho$ _Z na ~Zm ah|, BgH$m Ü`mZ ^r aIm OmEŸ& _wIn¥îR> naAYyao aho g^r g_mMmam| Ho$ eofm§e AJbo {H$gr EH$ hr n¥îR> na {XE OmE±, {Oggo nmR>H$m| H$mo eofm§eImoOZo _| H${R>ZVm Z hmoŸ&


(81) (81) (81) (81) (81)

3. g_mMma-nÌ H$s gmO-gÁOm _| amoO Z`mnZ hmoŸ& H$b H$s gmO-gÁOm AmO hmo, Vmo AmO H$m g_mMmahmoZo na ^r dh H$b H$m hr bJVm h¡Ÿ& gmO-gÁOm Ho$ n[adV©Z go nÌ H$m AmH$f©U Am¡a ~‹T>Vm h¡Ÿ& n¥îR>H$s aMZm _| {H$`m J`m n[adV©Z BVZm AmH$f©H$ hmo {H$ nmR>H$ H$b H$m g_MmanÌ H¡$gm hmoJm, BgH$sCËgwH$Vm go amh XoIoŸ&

4. n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ ^ma go H$ht g_mMma X~ Z OmE Am¡a g_mMma-nÌ nmoñQ>a Z ~Z OmE, BgH$s Amoa ^rgÁOmH$ma H$mo Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& BZ_| g_mMmam| H$s Cnojm Z hmoŸ& {MÌm|, H$mQy>©Zm| VWm {dkmnZm| goAJa nyam n¥îR> gOm {X`m OmE, Vmo ~wX²{Y_mZ nmR>H$ ZmamO hmo OmEJmŸ& _wIn¥îR> na `{X ~S>m Am¡a ^bohr AmH$f©H$ {dkmnZ N>nm hmo, Vmo ^r g_mMmam| Ho$ A^md _| d gÁOm {d\$b _mZr OmEJrŸ& nÌ _|{dkmnZm| H$s ^a_ma BVZr ^r Z hmo {H$ dh g_mMma nÌ Ho$ ~Xbo {dkmnZ nÌ H$hbm`m OmEŸ&

5. n¥îR> H$s gmO-gÁOm H$m CX²Xoí` _mÌ g_mMma-nÌ H$mo gOmZm Am¡a AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZm ht Zht hmoVm,~pëH$ H$_ OJh _| A{YH$ g_mMma gwMmê$ ê$n go {~R>mZm ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ñWmZ H$s ~MV Am¡a g§nmXH$s`VWm H§$nmoqOJ {d^mJ _| g_` H$s ^r ~MV hmo, BgH$m ^r Ü`mZ aIm OmEŸ&

n¥îR> gÁOm g_mMma-nÌ H$m H$bmnj h¡Ÿ& `h nj hr g~Hw$N> h¡ Eogr ~mV Zht h¡; bo{H$Z BgH$s Cnojmgo g_mMma nÌ aghrZ ~Z gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$m| H$mo AnZr Amoa AmH¥$îR>> H$aZo H$s j_Vm Bg gmO-gÁOm _| hmoVr h¡,nmR>H$ O~ AmH¥$îR>> hmo OmE§Jo, V^r g_mMma nT>|JoŸ& Bg{bE Bg nj H$m _hÎd g_mMmam| Ho$ _hÎd Ho$ g_mZ hrhmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& àñVwVrH$aU H$m ‹T>§J Iam~ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU H$B© MrO| ñQ>m°b na hr n‹S>r ahVr h¢, Mmho CZH$m_hÎd D±$Mm hmoŸ& bo{H$Z H$^r-H$^r AÀN>r gmO-gÁOm go _hÎdhrZ ~mV| ^r XoIVo hr XoIVo ~oM Xr OmVr h¢&



1. ao{S>`mo ............ _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ&

H$) Ñí` I) lì`lì`lì`lì`lì` J) Ñí`-lì` K) nR>Zr`

2. ao{S>`mo H$mo ............. H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) àgma^maVr I) ~mb^maVr J) XoddmUr K) AmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUrAmH$medmUr

3. _mH$m}Zr Zo ............. H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$`mŸ&

H$) ao{S>`moao{S>`moao{S>`moao{S>`moao{S>`mo I) Q>r. dr. J) Q>obr\$moZ K) H$åß yQ>a

4. XyaXe©Z .............. _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ&

H$) nR>Zr` I) ÑH$-lmì`ÑH$-lmì`ÑH$-lmì`ÑH$-lmì`ÑH$-lmì` J) lì` K) Ñí`

5. OmZH$mar H$m _hmOmb ............ H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) ao{S>`mo I) XyaXe©Z J) Ho$~b K) B§Q>aZoQ>B§Q>aZoQ>B§Q>aZoQ>B§Q>aZoQ>B§Q>aZoQ>


(82)(82)(82)(82)(82)

6. w. w. w. H$m AW© h¡ ............. Ÿ&

H$) dëS>© dmB©ëS> dëS>© I) dëS>© dmB©S> do~ dëS>© dmB©S> do~ dëS>© dmB©S> do~ dëS>© dmB©S> do~ dëS>© dmB©S> do~ J) dmB©ëS> do~ dëS>© K) dS>© do~ dmB©S>

7. ................. `h ^mî` _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ&

H$) XyaXe©Z I) B§Q>aZoQ> J) ao{S>`moao{S>`moao{S>`moao{S>`moao{S>`mo K) g_mMma nÌ

8. ............. ÑH$-lmì` _mÜ`_ Zht h¡Ÿ&

H$) g_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌg_mMma-nÌ I) XyaXe©Z J) {\$ë_ K) Ho$~b

9. ao{S>`mo _mÜ`_ ............. na AmYm[aV h¡Ÿ&

H$) {MÌ I) Üd{ZÜd{ZÜd{ZÜd{ZÜd{Z J) àH$me K) nmUr

10. AcoŠO|S>a J«mh_ ~ob Zo ............... H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$`mŸ&

H$) ao{S>`mo I) XyaXe©Z J) Q>obr\$moZQ>obr\$moZQ>obr\$moZQ>obr\$moZQ>obr\$moZ K) H$åß yQ>a

11. ^maV _| XyaXe©Z H$s {dH$mg `mÌm ............. _| ewê$ hþB©Ÿ&

H$) 19641964196419641964 I) 1965 J) 1966 K) 1962

12. _ëQ>r _r{S`m H$mo qhXr _| ............. H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) ~hþ{dMma _mÜ`_ I) ~hþg\$a _mÜ`_ J) ~hþ_mÜ`_ K) ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_

13. B§Q>aZoQ> Ho$ dëS>© dmB©S> do~ H$m bKwZm_ ............... h¡Ÿ&

H$) doQ> I) do~do~do~do~do~ J) _r{S`m K) ZoQ>

14. _mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ _wÐU H$m Ama§ ......... _| hþAmŸ&

H$) MrZMrZMrZMrZMrZ I) ^maV J) B§½b¡S> K) A_[aH$m

15. g§gma H$s gd©àW_ _w{ÐV {H$Vm~ ......... _mZr OmVr h¡Ÿ&

H$) gm_doX I) hraH$gyÌhraH$gyÌhraH$gyÌhraH$gyÌhraH$gyÌ J) H$m_gyÌ K) `moJgyÌ

16. yamon _| _wÐU H$bm H$m àgma ........... dr§ eVt _| hþAmŸ&

H$) 13 dr§ I) 15 dr§15 dr§15 dr§15 dr§15 dr§ J) 14 dr§ K) 16 dr§

17. _wÐU H$bm H$m AmJ_Z ^maV _| .............. _| hþAmŸ&

H$) 1555 B©. I) 1565 B©. J) 1557 B©. K) 1556 B©.1556 B©.1556 B©.1556 B©.1556 B©.

18. ^maV _| nhbm àog ............ _| bJmŸ&

H$) JmodmJmodmJmodmJmodmJmodm I) _Ðmg J) _w§~B© K) H$cH$Îmm


(83) (83) (83) (83) (83)

19. ày\$ g§emoYZ _| .............. {Mh²Z H$m AW© h¡ - hmB\$Z bJmE±Ÿ&

H$) , I) = J) ----- K) •

20. "_yb à{V XoIo' BgHo$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡ .............. Ÿ&

H$) rom I) c copy J) spout K) itel

21. bo AmCQ H$m AW© h¡ ............. Ÿ&

H$) gÁOm I) _oH$ An J) àmê$nàmê$nàmê$nàmê$nàmê$n K) _wÐU


1. ^maV _| ao{S>`mo àgmaU H$m nhbm à`mg H$~ hþAm ?

2. ao{S>`mo na àgm[aV g_mMmam| H$mo ao{S>`mo H$s ^mfm _| Š`m H$hm OmVm h¡?

3. XyaXe©Z Ho$ H$moB© Xmo bú` ~VmBEŸ&

4. kmZ Ho$ àMma Am¡a àgma _| {H$gH$m A{YH$ `moJXmZ h¡ ?

5. ^maV _| Vrgao àog H$s ñWmnZm H$~ hþB© ?

6. ày\$ emoYZ H$m H$m © H$m¡Z H$aVm h¡ ?

7. ày\$ emoYZ Ho$ # Bg {Mh²Z H$m AW© Š`m h¡ ?

8. bo AmCQ> H$aVo hþE g_mMma nÌ Ho$ _wIn¥îR> Ho$ gmW AÝ` H$m¡Zgo n¥îR> H$m _hÎd hmoVm h¡?

9. n¥îR> H$s gmO-gÁOm H$aVo hþE H$m¡Zgr VrZ _hÎdnyU© ~mVm| H$m Ü`mZ aIm OmVm h¡?

10. gyMZm H$mo {díd^a _| EH$ g_` _| nhþ±MmZo dmbm ZdrZ _mÜ`_ H$m¡Zgm h¡?


àmoQ>moH$m°bàmoQ>moH$m°bàmoQ>moH$m°bàmoQ>moH$m°bàmoQ>moH$m°b : gyMZm Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ g§~§Yr {Z`_

gd©agd©agd©agd©agd©a : godH$, _oO~mZ `m hmoñQ> H$åß yQ>a

_r{S>`m_r{S>`m_r{S>`m_r{S>`m_r{S>`m : _mÜ`_

~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z : {H$gr gmd©O{ZH$ ~mV `m {df` go g§~§Y aIZo dmbm dh g§{jßV gyMZm nÌ, Omo{H$gr H$s Amoa go Am{YH$m[aH$ ê$n go àH$m{eV {H$`m J`m hmoŸ&

~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z~wbo{Q>Z : AmH$medmUr na n‹T>m OmZo dmbm g_mMma-nÌ Ÿ&

Ý yO arbÝ yO arbÝ yO arbÝ yO arbÝ yO arb : g_mMma Xe©Z

_ëQ>r _r{S>`m_ëQ>r _r{S>`m_ëQ>r _r{S>`m_ëQ>r _r{S>`m_ëQ>r _r{S>`m : ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_

pñQ>H$pñQ>H$pñQ>H$pñQ>H$pñQ>H$ : nrVb, BñnmV H$m dh gmYZ, {Oggo H$ånmo{OQ>a Aja Ho$g go CR>mH$a n§pŠV _|Omo‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ&


(84)(84)(84)(84)(84)

boS>boS>boS>boS>boS> : {gŠHo$ VWm bH$‹S>r H$s dh nÎmr, Omo EH$ go Mma ßdmB§Q> VH$ _moQ>r hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

ñnogñnogñnogñnogñnog : EH$ Aja go Xygao Aja H$mo AbJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñnog H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$m°b_H$m°b_H$m°b_H$m°b_H$m°b_ : g_mMma nÌm| _| N>nr n§pŠV`m±, gm_mÝ`V: H$m°b_ H$s _mÝ` Mm¡‹S>mB© gmS>o ½`mha "E_'hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

JobrJobrJobrJobrJobr : Jobr bmoho H$m dh boIm nmÌ h¡, {Og_| _°Q>a AbJ-AbJ {hgm~ go aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

ìhmBQ> ñnogìhmBQ> ñnogìhmBQ> ñnogìhmBQ> ñnogìhmBQ> ñnog : g_mMma nÌ H$m A_w{ÐV ^mJŸ&

ES>rQ>aES>rQ>aES>rQ>aES>rQ>aES>rQ>a : g_mMma nÌ _| àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbr àË oH$ MrO Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm`r hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

ñQ>m°n àogñQ>m°n àogñQ>m°n àogñQ>m°n àogñQ>m°n àog : g_mMma nÌ H$m dh mJ Omo OmZ-~yPH$a Imbr aIm OmVm h¡ Am¡a {Og_| AmH$pñ_VAmE g_mMma N>ndmE§ OmVo h¢Ÿ&

5.65.65.65.65.6 ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :ñd § AÜ``Z Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :

A)A)A)A)A)

1) l_ 2) AmH$medmUr 3) ao{S>`mo

4) ÑH$-lmì` 5) B§Q>aZoQ> 6) dëS>© dmB©S> do~

7) ao{S>`mo 8) g_mMma nÌ 9) Üd{Z

10) Q>obr\$moZ 11) 1964 12) ~hþg§Mma _mÜ`_

13) do~ 14) MrZ 15) hraH$gyÌ

16) 15 dr§ 17) 1556 B©. 18) Jmodm

19) - 20) c copy 21) àmê$n

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. ^maV _| ao{S>`mo àgmaU H$m nhbm à`mg "~m°å~o ao{S>`mo Šb~' X²dmam OyZ 1923 B©. _| {H$`m J`mŸ&

2. ao{S>`mo na àgm[aV gm_mMma ao{S>`mo H$s ^mfm _| "~wbo{Q>Z' H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ&

3. amîQ>r` EH$Vm H$mo àmoËgmhZ XoZm Am¡a n`m©daU g§VwbZ ~ZmE aIZmŸ&

4. kmZ Ho$ àMma Am¡a àgma _| _wÐU H$bm H$m A{YH$ `moJXmZ h¡Ÿ&

5. _Ðmg _| Vrgam àog 1712 B©. _| ñWm{nV {H$`m J`mŸ&

6. ày\$ emoYZ H$m H$m © ày\$ arS>a X²dmam {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

7. ày\$ emoYZ Ho # Bg {Mh²Z H$m AW© OJh N>moS>o (BÝgQ>© ñnog) h¡Ÿ&

8. bo AmCQ> H$aVo g_` g_mMma nÌ Ho$ _wIn¥îR> Ho$ gmW A§{V_ n¥îR> H$m ^r _hÎd hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


(85) (85) (85) (85) (85)

9. n¥îR> H$s gmO-gÁOm H$aVo hþE {S>OmB©Z, _oH$An Am¡a bo AmCQ> H$m {deof Ü`mZ aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

10. B§Q>aZoQ> Ho$ _mÜ`_ go gyMZm H$mo {díd^a _| EH$ g_` _| nhþ±Mm`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&


_w{ÐV _mÜ`_ H$s VwbZm _| AmO BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ AnZm AbJ à^md {Z_m©U H$aZo _| g\$b hmo ahoh¢Ÿ& H$_ go H$_ g_` _| bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MZm VWm Ñí` Am¡a lì` ê$n _| AnZr {dídgZr`Vm H$mo ~ZmE aIZm Am¡aghOVm go àmßV hmoZm BZ H$maUm| go BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ AmO g_mO _| Am_ hmo JE h¢Ÿ& OmZH$mar, gyMZm Ho$gmW-gmW "_Zmoa§OZ' `h Bg _mÜ`_ H$s Am¡a EH$ {deofVm ahr h¡Ÿ& gw~h H$m g_mMma nÌ í`m_ VH$ nwamZm hmoOmVm h¡; bo{H$Z Mm¡~rgm| K§Q>o OmZH$mar XoZo dmbo g_mMma M¡Zëg, ao{S>`mo VWm Ho$~b bmoJm| H$mo VmµOm OmZH$mar XoVooh¢Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm Zo Vmo AmO amÁ` VWm amîQ> H$s gr_mAm| H$mo ^r bm±K {X`m h¡, `hr dOh h¡ {H$BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m Ho$ H$maU AmO {díd EH$ XohmV Ho$ ê$n _| ZOa Am ahm h¡Ÿ&

g§Mma _mÜ`_ _| à_wIV: Xmo oX h¢, qàQ> _mÜ`_ VWm BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_Ÿ& {dkmZ Ho$ à^md go AmOBboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ H$m {dH$mg H$m\$s VoOr go hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& {dH$mg H$s Bg J{V Zo nyao {díd H$mo OmoS> {X`m h¡ Am¡a h{díd A~ "½bmo~b pìhboO' ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ g§Mma _mÜ`_ H$m ÐþVJ{V àgma hmoVm XoIH$a Eogo bJVm h¡{H$ {à§Q> g§Mma _mÜ`_ Cno{jV ah OmE§JoŸ& àma§ _| ao{S>`mo Zo Am_ lmoVmAm| na AnZm ^mar à^md {Z_m©U {H$`mŸ&AZn‹T>, XohmVr OZ ^r ao{S>`mo H$s gyMZm VWm _Zmoa§OZ H$m bm^ CR>mZo bJoŸ& H$_ go H$_ g_` _| A{YH$ go A{YH$OZg§nH©$ Ho$ à_wI _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| AmJo CgH$m {dH$mg hþAmŸ&

{dkmZ Ho$ ZE-ZE Am{dîH$ma Zo BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ g_¥X²Y {H$`mŸ& XyaXe©Z Bg joÌ _|_hÎdnyU© H$X_ WmŸ& ÑH$-lmì` _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n Zo g§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$s n[a^mfm hr ~Xb XrŸ& A§V[aj go XyaXe©Z H$mnyao {díd _| àgmaU hmoZo bJm Am¡a nyar Xw{Z`m _| MbZo dmbr MMm©E§ A~ ha Ka _| hmoZo bJr§Ÿ& Ho$~b Ho$ Am OmZogo _mZmo gyMZm Am¡a _Zmoa§OZ H$s EH$ ~m‹T>-gr Am JB©Ÿ& AmO H$b B§Q>aZoQ> Zo nyao {díd H$mo Omo‹S> {X`m h¡Ÿ& BboŠQ>m°{ZH$_mÜ`_ _| hmoZo dmbm `h {dH$mg _mZd OrdZ _| H$m\$s Hw$N> n[adV©Z bmZo _| g\$b ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ&

qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm H$m g§~§Y H$m\$s H$ar~r h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m OÝ_ hr _wÐU Ho$ X²dmam hþAmh¡, Eogm H$hm OmE Vmo JbV Zht hmoJmŸ& _wÐU EH$ àH$ma H$s H$bm h¡, Omo nÌH$m[aVm _| EH$ {ZIma bmVr h¡Ÿ&g_mMma nÌ X²dmam nmR>H$ VH$ Omo g_mMma nhþ±MmE§ OmVo h¢, do AmH$f©H$ hmoZm Amdí`H$ hr h¡Ÿ& A_o[aH$m Ho$à{gX²Y gm{hË`H$ma _mH©$ Q>²doZ_mH©$ Q>²doZ_mH©$ Q>²doZ_mH©$ Q>²doZ_mH©$ Q>²doZ Zo H$hm Wm {H$, ""g_mMma-nÌ H$m nhbm H$V©ì` h¡ {H$ dh gw§Xa {XIo, Xygam `h{H$ gM ~moboŸ&'' AWm©V² gM H$mo AmH$f©H$ ê$n _| ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m H$m_ _wÐUH$bm H$aVr h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm _|g§J«{hV g_mMmam| H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV H«$_ _| gOm`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a g_mMma nÌ _| Cgo àH$m{eV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&àH$meZ Ho$ nyd© ày\$ g§emoYZ, boAmCQ>, n¥îR> gÁOm Am{X g§ñH$mam| go g_mMma nÌ H$mo JwOaZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma nÌ N>nZo Ho$ nyd© g§nmXH$ Ho$ _Z _| AnZo nÌ H$m bo AmCQ> V¡ ma hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§J«{hV g_mMmam| H$mày\$ arS>a X²dmam dh g§emoYZ H$admVm h¡ Am¡a Cgr gm_J«r H$mo AmH${f©V ê$n _| g_mMma nÌ na gOmVm h¡Ÿ& n¥îR>gÁOm ~‹S>r H$bmË_H$ Am¡a _Zmod¡km{ZH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$ n‹T>Vm H¡$go h¡ ? {H$Z a§Jm| H$s Amoa CgH$m Ü`mZ AmH¥$îR>


(86)(86)(86)(86)(86)

hmoVm h¡ ? {H$Z g_mMmam| H$mo dh nhbo n‹T>oJm ? BZ g^r àíZm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a g§nmXH$ AnZo nÌ H$s n¥îR> gÁOmH$aVm h¡Ÿ& n¥îR> gÁOm Ho$ {bE H$bmË_H$ ÑpîQ> H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& bo AmCQ> g_mMma nÌ H$m T>m±Mm hmoVm h¡,{OgHo$ X²dmam g_mMma nÌ Ho$ ha n¥îR> H$m g§VwbZ ~ZmE aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& AWm©V qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm _| g_mMma `hnÌH$m[aVm H$m ^mdnj hmoVm h¡, Vmo _wÐU H$bm CgH$m H$bmnj _mZm OmEJmŸ&


1. qàQ> nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a _wÐU H$bm Ho$ g§~§Y H$mo ñnîQ> H$s{OEŸ&

2. _wÐUH$bm H$m B{Vhmg ~VmVo hþE ^maV _| _wÐU H$bm Ho$ Ama§ H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&

3. g_mMma nÌ _| n¥îR> gÁOm VWm bo AmCQ> Ho$ _hÎd H$mo g_PmBEŸ&

4. àw\ emoYZ Ho$ {Mh²Zm| H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

5. BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ H$s Cn`mo{JVm na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

6. ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm Š`m h¡, CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

7. XyaXe©Z Ho$ bú` ~VmH$a XyaXe©Z nÌH$m[aVm na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

8. _ëQ>r _r{S>`m Am¡a B§Q>aZoQ> H$s nÌH$m[aVm H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&

9. ao{S>`mo nÌH$m[aVm na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&


1. AmH$medmUr H|$Ð H$s |Q> H$s{OE Am¡a dhm± Ho$ H$m_H$mO H$m {ZarjU H$s{OEŸ&

2. qàqQ>J àog H$s |Q> H$s{OE Am¡a g_mMma nÌ {Z{_©{V à{H«$`m H$s OmZH$mar br{OEŸ&


1. nÌH$m[aVm : {d{dY {dYmE± - S>m°. amOHw$_mar amZr

2. g§Mma Am¡a g§Mma _mÜ`_ - S>m°. M§ÐàH$me {_l

3. OZg§Mma Ed§ nÌH$m[aVm - àm. a_oe O¡Z

4. OZg§Mma H$b, AmO Am¡a H$b - àmo. M§ÐH$m§V gaXmZm, àmo. H¥$. {e. _ohVm

5. _r{S>`m boIZ Ed§ g§nmXZ H$bm - S>m°. JmoqdX àgmX, AZwn_ nmÊSo

6. OZg§Mma, OZg§nH©$ Ed§ {dkmnZ - S>m°. gwOmVm d_m© / Or. nr. d_m©

-----•-----




nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZnÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ* g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`Vm, loUr Ed§ H$m © nX²Y{VŸ&* g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`Vm, loUr Ed§ H$m © nX²Y{VŸ&* g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`Vm, loUr Ed§ H$m © nX²Y{VŸ&* g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`Vm, loUr Ed§ H$m © nX²Y{VŸ&* g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`Vm, loUr Ed§ H$m © nX²Y{VŸ&

* nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ - àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm, {dH«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWmŸ&* nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ - àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm, {dH«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWmŸ&* nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ - àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm, {dH«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWmŸ&* nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ - àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm, {dH«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWmŸ&* nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ - àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm, {dH«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWmŸ&




6.3.1 g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm

6.3.2 g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`Vm

6.3.3 g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m±

6.3.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$s H$m © nX²Y{V

6.3.5 g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V

6.3.6 nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ

6.3.6.1 àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm

6.3.6.2 {dH«$s ì`dñWm

6.3.6.3 {dVaU ì`dñWm









1. g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s `mo½`VmAm| go n[a{MV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

2. g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m| go AdJV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

(88)(88)(88)(88)(88)

3. g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V H$m n[aM` bo gH|$JoŸ&

4. nÌH$m[aVm à~§YZ H$m kmZ bo gH|$JoŸ&

5. nÌH$m[aVm à~§YZ : àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm go n[a{MV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

6. g_mMma nÌm| H$s {~H«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWm H$m n[aM` bo nmE±JoŸ&


g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ {dH$mg _| {XZmo{XZ A{^d¥X²{Y hmo ahr h¡, BgHo$ {bE nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ gwMmê$ ê$ngo H$aZm AË §V _hÎdnyU© h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm _| g§nmXH$ VWm g§dmXXmVm, {dkmnZ, _wÐU, à~§YZ, {~H«$s VWm{dVaU Am{X AbJ-AbJ {d^mJ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& BZ {d^mJm| Ho$ Amngr _ob go hr g\$b g_mMma n{ÌH$m H$m {Z_m©UhmoVm h¡Ÿ& O~ g_mMma nÌm| H$m g§MmbZ {dñVma go {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo dh EH$ Am¡X² mo{JH$ BH$mB© Ho$ ê$n _|à{VpîR>V hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg à~§YZ _| H$B© KQ>H$ hmoVo h¢, {OZ_| à_wI h¢ - ny±Or, {Z §ÌU, ñWmZ Am¡a gw{ZpíMVZr{V`m±Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$mo gwJ{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ {d^mJ _hÎdnyU© h¢-

1. àH$meZ {d^mJ, 2. {dkmnZ {d^mJ, 3. g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ, 4. {dVaU {d^mJ, 5. _wÐU {d^mJ

g_mMma nÌ H$s g^r nmR²>` gm_J«r Ho$db {dkmnZ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ _| OmVr h¡Ÿ& ~‹S>o-~‹S>og_mMma-nÌm| _| g_mMma g§J«h hoVw H$B© Cn{d^mJ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ _| g§nmXH$ H$m H$m_ _hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


6.3.16.3.16.3.16.3.16.3.1 g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm :g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm :g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm :g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm :g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm :

g§nmXH$ dh ì`pŠV h¡, Omo {H$gr àH$m{eV g_mMma nÌ _| g^r {Oå_oXm[a`m| H$m H$m © ma ñdrH$ma boVmh¡ Am¡a n{ÌH$m H$m g§nmXZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ _| N>nZo dmbo g_mMmam| H$m M`Z Am¡a àH$meZ g§nmXH$ H$mH$m ©joÌ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& dh g_mMma-nÌ H$s Zr{V`m| H$m {ZYm©aU H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {H$gr n¥îR> na H$m¡ZH$m¡Z go g_mMma OmE§Jo, g_mMmam| Ho$ erf©H$ hbHo$-\w$bHo$ hmoZo Mm{hE `m Am¡nMm[aH$, g_mMmam| H$s ^mfm Am¡ae¡br H¡$gr hmoZr Mm{hE, {MÌm|, H$mQy>©Zm| Am{X H$m à`moJ hmoZm Mm{hE `m Zht BZ g~ ~mVm| H$m \¡$gbm g§nmXH$H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `h dh d[aîR> nÌH$ma hmoVm h¡, Omo g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ àH$meZ joÌ, nmR>H$, g_wXm`, {dkmnZXmVmAm|Am{X Ho$ {dMmam| go nyU© ê$n go n[a{MV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& "àog EÊS> a{OñQ>oeZ Am°\$ ~wŠg EŠQ>' Ho$ AZwgma g_mMma nÌ_| Omo Hw$N> N>nVm h¡, CgH$m {ZíM` H$aZo dmbm ì`pŠV g§nmXH$ H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s AmË_m g§nmXH$ hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

g§nmXH$ ñWmZr`, àmXo{eH$, amîQ>r` VWm Am§Vam©îQ>r` ñVa na H$m_ H$aZo dmbo g^r g§dmXXmVmAm| Am¡ag_mMma g{_{V`m| VWm AÝ` gyÌm| go àmßV hmoZo dmbo g_mMmam| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aVm ahVm h¡; Vm{H$ CZ_| H$moB©Ag§J{V Z aho& g§nmXH$ g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ Ho$ g^r gXñ`m| H$mo g_`-g_` na AmXoe XoVm h¡ {H$ g_mMmam| Ho$g§X ©, erf©H$ boIZ Ho$ ~mao _| Š`m Zr{V AnZmB© OmEŸ& g§nmXH$ ì`mnma, IobHy$X Am¡a _m¡g_ Am{X {d{eîQ> joÌm|Ho$ g_mMmam| Ho$ {Z`{_V àH$meZ H$s ^r ì`dñWm H$aVm h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ {bE g^r gyÌm| go CgH$m g§nH©$ ~Zm ahZmAmdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&


(89) (89) (89) (89) (89)

H$^r-H$^r gm_{`H$ g_ñ`mE± Xoeì`mnr ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¢, O¡go _h±JmB© m «îQ>mMma, OrdZmon`moJrdñVwAm| H$m H$mbm ~mOma Am{XŸ& Eogr pñW{V _| g§nmXH$ ñWmZr` g§dmXmVmAm| H$mo OZVm Ho$ AZw d {bIZo Ho$ {ZX}eXoVm h¡Ÿ& ñWmZ-ñWmZ go àmßV hþE g_mMmam| H$mo g§H${bV H$aHo$ g§nmXH$ H$s "ñQ>moar' V¡ ma H$admVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$\$sMam| Am¡a g{MÌ boIm| H$m ^r à~§Y H$aVm h¡, Omo g_mMmam| na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g§nmXH$ Ho$ hmW _| AnZog_mMma-nÌ H$s g\$bVm H$s Hw§$Or ahVr h¡Ÿ& Xoe-{dXoe Ho$ Omo g_mMma Q>obrqàQ>a VWm AÝ` _mÜ`_m| go àmßVhmoVo h¢, CZH$m A{db§~ Cn wŠV à`moJ H$aZm, nÌ Ho$ àË oH$ g§ñH$aU _| ZdrZVm Am¡a AmH$f©U ~ZmE aIZm Am¡aH$X_-H$X_ na noe AmZo dmbr H$mZyZr CbPZm| go AnZo g_mMma nÌ H$mo ~MmE aIZm g§nmXH$ H$s {Oå_oXmar _mZrOmVr h¡Ÿ&

g§nmXH$ H$mo à~§Y {d^mJ go ^r Vmb_ob aIZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Am¡a `h OmZZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {dkmnZXmVmAm|H$s {deof _m±J `m Amdí`H$Vm Š`m h¡, Am¡a {H$g-{H$g joÌ Ho$ àgma _| H¡$go ghm`Vm hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$_ybV: EH$ nÌH$ma hmoVm h¡ Am¡a nÌH$ma àm`: H$m`m©b` ì`dñWm _| CbPZm ng§X Zht H$aVoŸ& \$mBbm| na ZmoQ>{bIZm m b§~o Mm¡S>o nÌ ì`dhma H$s H$m`m©b` à{V{b{n`m| H$s \$mBb| ~ZmVo ahZm m H$mamo~mar, ì`mnmar mfm H$mà`moJ, o ~mVo§ gm_mÝ`V: CgHo$ {bE ê${MH$a Zht hmoVr§; VWm{n nÌH$ma hmoVo hþE ^r dh `mo½` ì`dñWmnH$ Am¡aàemgH$ H$s Vah H$m_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

gmam§e, AmXe© g§nmXH$ AnZo g_mMma nÌ Ho$ Zm`H$, {ZîR>mdmZ AZwJm_r, AnZo gh`moJr g§dmXXmVmAm|Am¡a Cng§nmXH$m| H$s Q>r_ H$m g\$b H¡$ßQ>Z Am¡a g_mMma nÌ Ho$ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {dMmam| Am¡a à{V{H«$`mAm| H$mo g_PZodmbm EH$ gj_ bmoH$ g§nH©$H$Vm© hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

6.3.26.3.26.3.26.3.26.3.2 g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s `mo½`Vm :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s `mo½`Vm :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s `mo½`Vm :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s `mo½`Vm :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s `mo½`Vm :

g§dmXXmVmAm| _| {ZåZ{b{IV `mo½`VmE± Amdí`H$ h¢ -

1. n¡Zr ÑpîQ> VWm {dñV¥V ldU epŠVŸ&

2. _wX« boIZ, AmewboIZ Ed§ Q>§H$U H$m kmZŸ&

3. gË`{ZîR>m Am¡a {Z^uH$VmŸ&

4. _mV¥ mfm Ho$ A{V[aŠV EH$ {dXoer ^mfm na A{YH$maŸ&

5. O{Q>b KQ>ZmAm|, {d{dY g_ñ`mAm| H$mo g_PZo H$s epŠVŸ&

6. g_mMma gy±KZo `m "nose for news' H$s j_VmŸ&

7. AZÝV {Okmgm-d¥{Îm Am¡a AQ>b CËgwH$VmŸ&

6.3.36.3.36.3.36.3.36.3.3 g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± :g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± :

g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± ^r hmoVr h¢ Am¡a dJ© ^rŸ& H$m © H$s _hÎmm Ho$ AZwgma BÝh| bmBZa, pñQ>Oa,\w$bâboÁS>, ñQ>m\$g© Ho$ ê$n _| {d^m{OV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&



1. bmBZabmBZabmBZabmBZabmBZa :- `h dh g§dmXXmVm h¡, Omo N>moQ>o go H$ñ~o go g_mMma oOVm h¡Ÿ& Cgo CgHo$ g_mMma H$sn§pŠV`m| Ho$ AZwgma nm[al{_H$ àmßV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm CgHo$ {bE X²{dVr` H$m © h¡Ÿ&

2. pñQ>ÖapñQ>ÖapñQ>ÖapñQ>ÖapñQ>Öa :- Bg dJ© Ho$ nÌH$ma H$mo bmBZa go Hw$N> A{YH$ gw{dYmE± àmßV ahVr h¢Ÿ& `h ^r nyU©H$m{bH$nÌH$ma Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bgo à{V _mh EH$ {ZpíMV nm[al{_H$ {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bgo "[aQ>oZa[aQ>oZa[aQ>oZa[aQ>oZa[aQ>oZa' r H$hm OmVmh¡Ÿ&

3. \w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ>\w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ>\w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ>\w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ>\w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ> :- _hÎdnyU© {Obm _w»`mb`m| na nyU©H$m{bH$ nÌH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| BZH$mo {Z wŠV{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BÝh| Cn-g§nmXH$ O¡gr gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$s OmVr h¢&

4. ñQ>m\$g© ñQ>m\$g© ñQ>m\$g© ñQ>m\$g© ñQ>m\$g© :- o g§dmXXmVm àm§V H$s amOYm{Z`m| _| {Z wŠV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& o nyU©H$m{bH$ g§dmXXmVm hmoVoh¢Ÿ& BZH$m grYm g§~§Y nÌ Ho$ _w»` H$m`m©b` Am¡a g§nmXH$ go hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s {ZåZ Mma à_wI lo{U`m± h¢ -

1. {deof g§dmXXmVm

2. _w»` H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm

3. Cn _w»` H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm

4. H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm

g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s BZ g_ñV lo{U`m| H$mo X²{dVr` doVZ Am`moJ X²dmam {ZYm©[aV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

***** g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m ©j_Vm g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m ©j_Vm g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m ©j_Vm g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m ©j_Vm g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m ©j_Vm :- g_mMmam| H$m erK« g§H$bZ, CZH$s gwñnîQ> ì`m»`m VWm ewX²YVm Ho$ gmWnmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE Cgo ~moYJå` ~ZmZo H$m H$m © g§dmXXmVm H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dh JwßVMa, _Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ dH$sb Ho$ JwUm|go g§nÝZ hmoH$a AnZr à{V^m Ho$ ~b na g_mOgodm H$aVm h¡Ÿ& h H$m © ~‹S>m H${R>Z h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm g_mMma gy±KVmh¡, Cgo ZmQ>H$s` ê$n YmaU H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Cg_| _Zmod¡km{ZH$ JwU ^r hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$m H$ÀMm _mbg_mMma hmoVm h¡Ÿ& WmoS>r AkmZdeVm go EImX A\$dm r {dñ\$moQ>H$ ~Z gH$Vr h¡, BgH$m kmZ Cgo hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&Bg àH$ma g§dmXXmVm Cg Aà{V_ h§g H$s Vah hmoVm h¡, Omo {ddoH$ Ho$ AmYma na XyY H$m XyY Am¡a nmZr H$m nmZrH$aVm h¡Ÿ&

***** g§dmXXmVm Ho$ JwU : - g§dmXXmVm Ho$ JwU : - g§dmXXmVm Ho$ JwU : - g§dmXXmVm Ho$ JwU : - g§dmXXmVm Ho$ JwU : - ì`mdhm[aH$ kmZ Am¡a ^mfm na A{YH$ma `h g§dmXXmVm Ho$ _yb JwU hmoVo h¢Ÿ&gmW hr Cg_| loîR> _mZdr` _yë`m| H$m ^r g_mdoe hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& {H$gr ^r g§dmXXmVm H$mo n`m©ßV ghZerb,n[al_r, XyaXeu hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW dmH$nQ>wVm _| r {ZnwU hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& {H$gr r g§dmXXmVm _| {ZåZ{b{IVJwU Adí` hmoZo Mm{hE -

1. g_mMma ~moYg_mMma ~moYg_mMma ~moYg_mMma ~moYg_mMma ~moY :- g_mMma ~moY H$mo A§J«oOr _| "Ý yO-g|g'"Ý yO-g|g'"Ý yO-g|g'"Ý yO-g|g'"Ý yO-g|g' H$hVo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$mo g_mMma H$m ~moYhmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& {H$gr KQ>Zm H$mo g_mMma H¡$go ~ZmE `m Amg-nmg K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm|_| go {H$g KQ>Zm H$mo g_mMma ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡, Bg ~mV H$mo nhMmZZo H$s j_Vm hr g_mMma ~moYh¡Ÿ& g_mMma Am¡a J¡a g_mMma H$mo nhMmZZo H$s j_Vm hr Ý yO h¡Ÿ& {H$gr ñWmZ {deof na à{V{XZ


hOmam| g_mMma, {d{^ÝZ ñÌmoVm| go CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& bmImo KQ>ZmE±, XwK©Q>ZmE± K{Q>V hmoVr h¢Ÿ& g\$bg§dmXXmVm dht h¡, Omo g_mMmam| Ho$ Bg ‹T>oa _| go nmR>H$ m lmoVm Ho$ _hÎd Am¡a ê${M Ho$ AZwgma g_mMmam|H$m dJuH$aU H$a CÝh| g§ào{fV H$a gHo$Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$mo g_mMmam| Ho$ dJuH$aU _| {gX²YhñV hmoZm ^rAmdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& {H$g g_mMma H$mo H$hm± go ewê$ H$ao Am¡a Cg_| {H$Z {ddaUm| H$mo {X`m OmE, BgH$m ~moY hmoZmAmdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

2. gVH©$VmgVH©$VmgVH©$VmgVH©$VmgVH©$Vm :- g§dmXXmVm H$mo h_oem gVH©$ ahZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& KQ>Zm K{Q>V hmoZo Ho$ ~mX {OVZr OëXr hmo gHo$Cgo Cg KQ>Zm Ho$ nmg nhþ±MZm h¡ Am¡a CgH$s Vh VH$ OmZm h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm {OVZm gVH©$ hmoVm h¡, CVZmdh Cg KQ>Zm H$s gÀMmB© H$mo OëXr OmZVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ ~ma {H$gr KQ>Zm Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo Ho$ nhbo hr gVH©$g§dmXXmVm Cg KQ>Zm H$m AZw_mZ bJmVm h¡ Am¡a nmR>H$m| H$mo gVH©$ ^r H$amVm h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm _| pñW{VH$mo OmZZo Am¡a {dî` _| K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr KQ>ZmAm| H$s hdm H$mo gy§KZo H$s j_Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$moH$B© ~ma Omgyg H$s y{_H$m {Z^mZr nS>Vr h¡ Am¡a Eogo g_` gVH©$Vm hr H$m_ AmVr h¡Ÿ&

3. {Okmgm{Okmgm{Okmgm{Okmgm{Okmgm :- EH$ g\$b g§dmXXmVm H$m _hÎdnyU© JwU h¡, CgH$s {Okmgw àd¥{ÎmŸ& {H$gr ^r ~mV VH$nhþ±MZo H$s AWm©V² gË` Ho$ AÝdofU gr {Okmgm Cg_| hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& O¡go N>: "H$' H$ma AWm©V²"Š`m', "H$~', "H¡$go', "Š`m|', "H$hm±' Am¡a "H$m¡Z' BZ àíZm| na h_oem Ü`mZ H|${ÐV H$a AnZr {OkmgmV¥pßV H$aZm g§dmXXmVm Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma H$s JhamB© _| OmZm Am¡a ZE-ZE VÏ` VWmgË` H$mo CX²Km{Q>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Okmgm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& EH$-Xygao H$s H$ht-gyZr ~mVm| nag_mMma {bIZo dmbo g§dmXXmVm O~ AbJ hr VÏ`m| H$mo COmJa hmoVo XoIVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| naoem{Z`m| H$mgm_Zm H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

4. XyaÑpîQ> XyaÑpîQ> XyaÑpîQ> XyaÑpîQ> XyaÑpîQ> :- g§dmXXmVm _| XyaÑpîQ> H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$m ^{dî` _| Š`m n[aUm_hmoZo dmbm h¡, `m K{Q>V KQ>Zm _| Omo {XImB© Xo ahm h¡, dhr _mÌ gË` Zht h¡, Bgo OmZZo Am¡a g_PZo H$sj_Vm g§dmXXmVm _| hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& H$^r-H$^r gm_mÝ` ~mVm| H$s Cnojm H$s OmVr h¡, bo{H$Z BÝht ~mVm|Ho$ _yb _| AmJo K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr ~S>r KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ ~rO hmoVo h¢, Bgo nhMmZ boZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& `{Xg§dmXXmVm H$s ÑpîQ> Vrd« VWm n¡Zr hmoJr, Vmo dh Eogr I~am| Ho$ _hÎd H$mo nhbo go hr OmZVm h¡ Am¡a CgoCgr ê$n _| ào{fV ^r H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

5. ñnîQ>dm{XVmñnîQ>dm{XVmñnîQ>dm{XVmñnîQ>dm{XVmñnîQ>dm{XVm :- ñnîQ> ê$n go {~Zm {H$gr à^md H$mo Amo‹T>o AnZr ~mV H$hZm g§dmXXmVm H$m g~go ~‹S>mJwU _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& {X H$moB© g§dmXXmVm gË` H$mo nyar {Z_©_Vm go ñnîQ>Vmnyd©H$ H$hVm h¡, V^r dh AnZoì`dgm` go Am¡a AnZo nmR>H$m| go Ý`m` H$a nmVm h¡Ÿ& `{X g§dmXXmVm _| ñnîQ>dm{XVm hmo, Vmo dh AZoH$àíZ nyN>H$a gM CJbdm boVm h¡Ÿ& ñnîQ>dm{XVm g§dmXXmVm H$m Y_© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$ VWmamOZr{VH$ KQ>ZmAm| _| ñnîQ>Vm na Hw$N> _`m©XmE± Adí` AmVr h¢Ÿ& g_W©H$ VWm {damoYH$ Ho$ ê$n _| ^rg§dmXXmVm H$mo AnZo {dMma aIZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& Eogo g_` {X g§dmXXmVm AnZr ghr y{_H$m ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡,Vmo g_mO _| Cgo {Zînj ì`pŠV Ho$ ê$n _| nhMmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&


6. B©_mZXmar Am¡a AmË_mZwemgZB©_mZXmar Am¡a AmË_mZwemgZB©_mZXmar Am¡a AmË_mZwemgZB©_mZXmar Am¡a AmË_mZwemgZB©_mZXmar Am¡a AmË_mZwemgZ :- g§dmXXmVm H$mo B©_mZXma Am¡a gË`{ZîR> Vmo hmoZm hr Mm{hE, V^r dhgË` Ho$ nj _| IS>m ah gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a AnZo {dMmam| na AQ>b ahVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ gm_m{OH$ Am¡a amOZr{VH$X~mdm| Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r AnZr ~mV B©_mZXmar go {Z^mZm Am¡a bmbM go ~MZo Ho$ {bE AmË_mZwemgZ~ZmE aIZm H$m\$s H${R>Z ~mV h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm _| Am¡a g§dmX-àofU _| AmË_mZwemgZ H$m AnZm AbJ hr_hÎd h¡Ÿ& AmË_mZwemgZ go hr gË` H$mo CX²Km{Q>V {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& B©_mZXmar Ho$ H$maU g§dmXXmVm naOZVm H$m {dídmg H$m`_ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bggo g§dmXXmVm H$m AmË_-{dídmg ^r H$B© JwUm ~‹T> OmVm h¡,\$bñdê$n dh H${R>Z go H${R>Z H$m © ^r gabVmnyd©H$ H$a boVm h¡Ÿ&

7. g_`~X²YVm g_`~X²YVm g_`~X²YVm g_`~X²YVm g_`~X²YVm :- g§dmXXmVm _| "H$b H$ao gmo AmO H$a ...' H$s d¥{Îm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& AÝ`Wm AmOH$m `{X H$b hþAm, Vmo CgHo$ X²dmam ào[fV g_mMma nwamZm `m ~mgr ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ& g\$c g§dmXXmVm dhthmoVm h¡, Omo g_` Ho$ à{V AnZr à{V~X²YVm {Z^mVm h¡Ÿ& Oamgr bmnadmhr Cgo AnZo H$V©ì` go {d_wIH$a gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& `{X g_` Ho$ à{V dh AnZr à{V~X²YVm Zht {Z^mEJm, Vmo dh g_mMma Ho$ ñÌmoVm| VH$Zht nhþ±M nmEJm Am¡a Cgo AÝ` ~mVm| na Adb§{~V ahZm nS>oJmŸ& Bg H$maU g_mMma VÏ`hrZ ^r hmoOmE§JoŸ& gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s H$s$ Bg Xm¡S> _| g§dmXXmVm `{X AnZo g_` Ho$ gmW Zht MbVm, Vmo dhVÏ`m| go hmW Ymo ~¡R>oJm Am¡a BgH$m grYm à^md g§dmXXmVm H$s {dídgZr`Vm na nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

8. ì`dhma-Hw$ebVmì`dhma-Hw$ebVmì`dhma-Hw$ebVmì`dhma-Hw$ebVmì`dhma-Hw$ebVm :- AnZo H$m_ Ho$ gmW-gmW g§dmXXmVm H$mo ì`dhma Hw$eb ^r hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&g§dmXXmVm H$m g§~§Y g_mO H$s AZoH$ Eogr KQ>ZmAm| go hmoVm h¡, Omo KQ>ZmE± g§doXZerc, Ym{_©H$,gm_m{OH$ VWm amOZr{VH$ {ddmXm| go Ow‹S>r hþB© hmoVr h¢Ÿ& Eogo g_` _| ì`dhma Hw$ebVm go Cgo AnZr~mV aIZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ& Omo O¡go {XIVm h¡, d¡go hmoVm hr h¡, Eogr ~mV Zht hmoVrŸ& Eogo g_` nyd©J«h VWmA§Y:{dídmg `m A{VCËgmh Ho$ ê$n _| CR>m`m J`m H$moB© H$X_ JbV ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$moA{YH$Va "gM' H$m\$s _ohZV go ImoX-ImoXH$a {ZH$mbZm nS>Vm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {bE AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ bmoJm|go ~mV| H$aZr nS>Vr h¢Ÿ& `{X g§dmXXmVm ì`dhmaHw$eb hmoJm, Vmo dh AmgmZr go gË` H$mo CX²Km{Q>V H$agHo$JmŸ&

9. ZoV¥Ëd H$m JwUZoV¥Ëd H$m JwUZoV¥Ëd H$m JwUZoV¥Ëd H$m JwUZoV¥Ëd H$m JwU :- EH$ g\$b g§dmXXmVm Ho$ {bE ZoV¥Ëd j_Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& EH$ AÀN>m ZoV¥ËdH$aZo dmbm ì`pŠV AÀN>m g§dmXXmVm hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& ZoV¥Ëd H$aZo H$m JwU, g§dmXXmVm H$mo g_mMma ñÌmoVgo OmoS>Vm h¡, {Oggo dh BpÀN>V g_mMma àmßV H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& g§H$moMr, A§V_w©Ir ì`pŠV H$^r ^r AÀN>mg§dmXXmVm Zht ~Z gH$VmŸ& g§dmXXmVm `{X ZoV¥Ëd H$aZo dmbm VH©$erb hmoVm, Vmo dh gm_Zo dmbo H$moà^m{dV H$a gË` H$mo \$m¡aZ nm boJmŸ&

BZ g^r JwUm| Ho$ gmW-gmW g§dmXXmVm H$mo ^mfmAm| H$m kmZ hmoZm ^r Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm _|H$ënZmepŠV H$m hmoZm ^r Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& gmW hr Cg_| J{VerbVm, Y¡ ©, {dewX²YVm, `WmW©Vm, dñVw{ZîR>Vm H$mhmoZm ^r _hÎdnyU© h¡Ÿ& aMZmË_H$ boIZ Am¡a AmXem}Ý_wI `WmW©Vm ^r g§dmXXmVm H$m _hÎdnyU© JwU _mZm OmVmh¡Ÿ&


6.3.46.3.46.3.46.3.46.3.4 g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$s H$m ©nX²Y{V> :g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$s H$m ©nX²Y{V> :g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$s H$m ©nX²Y{V> :g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$s H$m ©nX²Y{V> :g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$s H$m ©nX²Y{V> :

g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ nÌH$m[aVm H$m öX` hmoVm h¡, AV: BgH$s H$m ©nX²Y{V H$m AÜ``Z H$aZm Amdí`H$h¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| H$mo g_mO go BH$Q>²>R>m H$aZm, CZ g_mMmam| na g§ñH$ma H$aZm, g_mMmam| H$m {d^mOZ H$aZm Am¡a {\$aCZH$m g§nmXZ H$aZm Am{X H$m_ g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$mo H$aZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& AV: g§nmXH$s` H$m ©nX²Y{V H$mo VrZ{d^mJm| _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡ -

1. g_mMma EH$Ì H$aZmŸ&

2. g_mMma H$m M`Z Am¡a g§nmXZ H$aZmŸ&

3. g_mMma na AnZm ÑpîQ>H$moZ àñVwV H$aZmŸ&

_w»` Cn-g§nmXH$, Cn-g§nmXH$ Am¡a CZHo$ AÝ` gh`mo{J`m| H$s ghm`Vm go g§nmXZ H$m H$m_ gwMmê$ ê$ngo MbVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& AnZo gh`mo{J`m| H$s ghm`Vm go _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ ZE g_mMmam| H$m M`Z H$a g_mMma V¡ maH$am XoVm h¡, {Oggo g_mMma H$ånmoO {d^mJ H$mo {X`m Om gHo$Ÿ& g_mMma V¡ ma H$aZo Ho$ ~mX _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ BZg_mMmam| na bmb ñ`mhr go Hw$N> g§ñH$ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMmam| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm `m Ame` H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Z hmo, BgHo${bE ~S>r gOJVm ~aVr OmVr h¡Ÿ& _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ Hw$N> Eogo g_mMma ^r H$mQ> XoVo h¢, Omo AJbo g§ñH$aU Ho$ {bEAZmdí`H$ àVrV hmoVo hm| `m g_mMmaËd (Ý yO-d¡ë y) H$s ÑpîQ> go nwamZo hmo JE hm|Ÿ& `hr na ^mfm, {XZm§H$, aoImAm¡a AÝ` Jb{V`m| H$mo ^r R>rH$ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma H$mQ>Zo-N>m§Q>Zo Am¡a g§emoYZ H$aZo go _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ H$mo AnZr gm_J«r Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡aAmH$ma H$m AZw_mZ hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& dh H$ånmoO {d^mJ go amV Ho$ ~Mo hþE g_mMma, {dkmnZ {d^mJ go ZE {dkmnZHo$ AmH$ma-àH$ma VWm CZH$s S>_r, AÝ` gh`mo{J`m| go AmJm_r g§ñH$aU _| {XE OmZo dmbo g_mMma, \$moQ>mo, H$mQy©Z,ZŠeo Am{X H$s OmZH$mar àmßV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ {d{^ÝZ n¥îR>m| H$s S>_r VWm g§emoYZ nyd© g§ñH$aU H$sà{V g_mMmanÌ Ho$ _oH$An_¡Z H$mo Xo XoVm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMmam| H$m M`Z, g§nmXZ Am¡a àñVwVrH$aU H$m H$m © Ho$db _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ ñd § hr Zht H$aVmŸ&g§nmXH$ Am¡a g_mMma-g§nmXH$ ^r ^mdr g§ñH$aU Ho$ {bE AnZr-AnZr gyMZmE± _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ Ho$ nmg nhþ±MmXoVo h¢Ÿ& BZ gyMZmAm| H$mo H$m`m©pÝdV H$aZm _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z `h A{Zdm ©ZhtŸ& _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ g_mMma Am¡a n¥îR> H$s dmñV{dH$ pñW{V go AdJV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

g§nmXH$s` g§ñH$ma Ho$ ~mX g^r gm_J«r H$ånmoO {d^mJ _| nhþ±MVr h¡Ÿ& H$ånmoqOJ Ho$ ~mX dhm± go g_mMmaHo$ ày\$ AmZo Ama§ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g_mMma Ho$ erf©H$ VWm AÝ` ày\$ g§emoYZ Ho$ {bE AbJ g§emoYZ {d^mJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {Xày\$ g§emoYZ {d^mJ AbJ go Zht h¡, Vmo Cn-g§nmXH$ hr AnZo g_mMmam| Ho$ ày\$ XoIVo h¢Ÿ& H$^r-H$^r Hw$N>_hÎdnyU© g_mMma Xoa go AmVo h¢, Vmo CZ g_mMmam| Ho$ AmH$ma-àH$ma H$s gyMZm _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ H$ånmoO {d^mJH$o$ \$moa_¡Z Am¡a _¡H$An_¡Z H$mo erK« Xo XoVm h¡Ÿ& Xygar Amoa _hÎdnyU© g_mMma (Late News) V¡ ma H$aHo$H$ånmoO {d^mJ _| oOZo H$m H«$_ ^r MbVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& A§V _| AmZo dmbo Amdí`H$ g_mMma Ho$ {bE ñWmZ N>moS> {X`mOmVm h¡Ÿ& n¥îR> H$m H$m © g§nyU© hmoVo-hmoVo H$ånmoO {d^mJ go Z`m g_mMma AmVo hr Cgo {ZpíMV n¥îR> na N>moS>o JE


[aŠV ñWmZ na S>mb {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& A§{V_ ày\$ g§emoYZ XoIH$a _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ _¡Q>a qàQ> H$aZo H$s gyMZm XoVmh¡Ÿ& àË oH$ g_Mma nÌm| _| àË oH$ g§ñH$aU N>nZo H$m g_` {ZpíMV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_` na n¥îR> N>mo‹S>Zo H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd_w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ H$m h¡Ÿ&

X¡{ZH$ g_mMma nÌ _| àm`: VrZ nm{b`m| ({eâQ>) _| H$m_ MbVm h¡Ÿ& nhbr nmbr àmV: 7 go 1 ~Oo VH$,Xygar nmbr 10 Vo 5 ~Oo VH$ VWm am{Ì nmbr 7 Vo 1 ~Oo VH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_¥X²Y X¡{ZH$ nÌm|, {OZHo$ n¥îR> A{YH$ hmoVoh¢, CZ_| H$m © Am¡a g_mMma H$m {d^mOZ n¥îR>m| Ho$ AmYma na {H$`m OmVm h¡ - O¡go S>mH$-Vma, Iob g_mMma,dm{UÁ`-g_mMma, ñWmZr` g_mMma VWm Xoer-{dXoer g_mMma Am{XŸ& gmam§e, g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$m nyam H$m_EH$ Q>r_ dH©$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo {ZpíMV g_` _| nyam H$aZo H$s {Oå_oXmar _w»` g§nmXH$ na hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

6.3.56.3.56.3.56.3.56.3.5 g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V :g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V :g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V :g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V :g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V :

g_mMma-nÌ Am¡a Cggo Ow‹S>o g§dmXXmVm, nÌH$ma, g§nmXH$, Cn-g§nmXH$ Am{X g^r H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd~hþV J§ ra h¡Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm {H$VZr ^r ì`mdgm{`H$ Š`m| Z hmo JB© hmo, nÌH$ma H$m àW_ Am¡a A§{V_ Xm{`ËdgË` H$s ajm, _mZd g_mO H$m {hV Am¡a amîQ> H$m {hV h¡Ÿ& Omogo\$ nw{bËOaOmogo\$ nw{bËOaOmogo\$ nw{bËOaOmogo\$ nw{bËOaOmogo\$ nw{bËOa Zo R>rH$ hr ~`mZ {H$`m h¡ {H$,""nÌH$ma Š`m h¡ ? dh H$moB© ì`mnma ì`dñWmnH$ Zht h¡, Z àH$meH$, Z àmoàm`Q>aŸ& dh Vmo amîQ> Ho$ OhmO Ho$ nwbH$m àhar h¡Ÿ& dh JwOaZo dmbo OhmO H$mo Ü`mZnyd©H$ XoIVm h¡Ÿ& dh JbV àdmh H$s [anmoQ>© H$aVm h¡, {Oggo OhmOH$mo ~Mm`m Om gHo$Ÿ& AmZo dmbo g§H$Q>m| H$s MoVmdZr XoZo Ho$ [bE dh Hw$hao VWm P§PmdmV Ho$ nma Ü`mZ go XoIVm h¡Ÿ&dh AnZo doVZ H$s Zht gmoMVm Am¡a Z AnZo _m{bH$m| Ho$ bm^ H$s nadmh H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dh CZ bmoJm| H$s gwajm VWm{hV Ho$ {bE dhm± h¡, Omo Cg na ^amogm H$aVo h¢Ÿ&''

g§dmXXmVm gX¡d gË` H$m njYa hmoVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$m gd©àW_ H$V©ì` ~ZVm h¡, "gË` H$s ImoO' H$aZm Am¡aCgo CX²Km{Q>V H$aZmŸ& BgHo$ {bE Cgo {Z © Vm go H$m © H$aZm h¡ Am¡a g^r àH$ma Ho$ X~mdm| Ed§ àbmo Zm| go XyaahZm h¡Ÿ& VÏ`m| H$m g§J«h H$a CÝh| gwê${MnyU© T>§J go àñVwV H$aZm CgH$m àmW{_H$ H$V©ì` ~ZVm h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$sqMVm gË` Ho$ à{V Xm{`Ëd {Zdm©h H$s qMVm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& _w»`V: g§dmXXmVm H$m H$m © "VÏ`m|' H$mo gy{MV H$aZm h¡Ÿ&Bg{bE CgH$m Xm{`Ëd h¡, A{YH$m{YH$ VÏ`m| H$m g§J«h H$aZm, CZHo$ n«Ë oH$ nj H$mo g_PZm, VÏ`m| `m KQ>ZmAm|Ho$ Vb _| {Z{hV H$maUm| H$s Vbme H$aZm Am¡a CÝh| {~Zm "AnZr am`' Ho$ g_mMma-nÌ H$m`m©b` _| oO XoZmŸ&

dV©_mZ wJ _| g_mMma H$mo g§nmXH$s` H$m`m©b` VH$ nhþ±Mm XoZo Ho$ gmYZm| H$m H$moB© A^md Zht h¡Ÿ&_mo~mB©c Q>obr\$moZ godm Zo g§dmXXmVm H$mo EH$ H«$m§{VH$mar gmYZ Xo {X`m h¡Ÿ& {MÌm| H$mo ^r g§nmXH$s` H$m`m©b` VH$nhþ±MmZo H$s ì`dñWm A~ Hw$N> gmb nhbo O¡gr Zht ahrŸ& _wÐU H$bm _| hþB© H«$m§{VH$mar àJ{V Zo g§dmXXmVm H$mog§nmXH$ H$m`m©b` VH$ g_mMma VWm {MÌ nhþ±MmZo H$mo H$m\$s g_` Xo {X`m h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m ©-nX²Y{V na h{Z ©a H$aVm h¡ {H$ BZ g~ gmYZm| H$m Cn`moJ H¡$go {H$`m OmE&

6.3.66.3.66.3.66.3.66.3.6 nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ :nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ :nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ :nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ :nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ :

à~§YZ H$mo A§J«oOr _| Management H$hVo h¢, {H$gr H$m © H$s ny{V© H$aZo Ho$ {bE g^r ~mVm| H$moManage H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g^r ~mVm| H$m {H$gr EH$ {ZpíMV H$m ©ny{V© Ho$ {bE g_m`moOZ H$aZm hr à~§YZ h¡Ÿ&


AWm©V² CËnmXZ Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ à_wI ~mVm| H$mo EH${ÌV ê$n _| H$m`m©pÝdV H$aHo$ dñVw VWm godmAm| H$s {Z{_©{Và{H«$`m J{V_mZ H$aZm hr à~§YZ h¡Ÿ& Bgr à~§YZ H$s g\$bVm na {H$gr g§ñWm `m g§JR>Z H$m {dH$mg {ZpíMVhmoVm h¡Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| ì`mnma, CX² moJ, e¡{jH$ `m gm_m{OH$ g§JR>Z `m Zr{O g§JR>Zm| _| ^r à~§YZ_hÎdnyU© _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm AmO _mÌ g_mOgodm `m _mÌ gm_m{OH$ {Oå_oXmar {Z^mZo dmbm g§JR>Z Zhtahm h¡; ~pëH$ EH$ CX² moJ H$s ÑpîQ> go CgH$s Amoa XoIm OmZo bJm h¡Ÿ& AnZr n{ÌH$m AZoH$ bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±Mo, {OggonmR>H$m| H$s g§»`m ~‹T>o Am¡a {dkmnZ Am{X X²dmam g§JR>Z H$mo _wZm\$m {_bo, `h à`mg AmO-H$b ha g§JR>Z H$a ahmh¡Ÿ& AmO AbJµ-AbJ §Ì gm_J«r, n¡gm VWm l_epŠV hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX à~§YZ Ho$ A^md _| AZoH$ n{ÌH$mE± KmQ>o_| Mb ahr h¢& BgHo$ {bE nÌH$m[aVm _| à~§YZ _hÎdnyU© _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ&

6.3.6.16.3.6.16.3.6.16.3.6.16.3.6.1 n«emg{ZH$ ì`dñWm n«emg{ZH$ ì`dñWm n«emg{ZH$ ì`dñWm n«emg{ZH$ ì`dñWm n«emg{ZH$ ì`dñWm :- àmV: nmR>H$m| Ho$ hmW AmZo dmbm g_mMma-nÌ AZoH$ hmWm| go g§ñH$m[aV hmoH$anmR>H$m| VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ {Z_m©U _| AZoH$ bmoJm| H$s _ohZV bJr hþB© hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ XâVa _| {XZamV _ohZV H$a g_mMma nÌ H$m {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§dmXXmVm g_mMma oOVm h¡, {dkmnZXmVm {dkmnZ XoVm h¡,\$moQ>moJ«m\$a \$moQ>mo oOVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ {d^mJ AnZo H$m © _| _½Z ahVo h¢Ÿ& BZ g^r bmoJm| Ho$ g§J{R>V H$m © H$mAm{dîH$ma hr X¡{ZH$ g_mMma-nÌ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gm_mÝ` g_mMma go boH$a nmR>H$m| VH$ g_mMma-nÌ nhþ±MmZo dmbr{dVaU ì`dñWm VH$ H$m H$m_ g§J{R>V ê$n go `hm± {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma n{ÌH$m _| g§nmXH$ {d^mJ _hÎdnyU© _mZm OmVm h¡; bo{H$Z AÝ` {d^mJm| H$s ghm`Vm {bE{~Zm g§nmXH$ {d^mJ ^r AnZm H$m_ Zht H$a gH$VmŸ& {dkmnZ X²dmam n{ÌH$m H$s Am` ~‹T>mZm, {dVaU {d^mJX²dmam nmR>H$m| H$s g§»`m ~‹T>mZm, n{ÌH$m AmH$f©H$ ê$n _| N>no, CgH$s AmH$f©H$ gmO gÁµOm hmo, BgHo$ {bE _wÐU{d^mJ H$s ghm`Vm boZm o ~mV| r CVZr hr _hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¢Ÿ& AWm©V² g§nmXZ, {dkmnZ, _wÐU Am¡a {dVaU hMma {d^mJ _hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢ Am¡a BZ g~ _| gwgyÌVm ~Zr aho, Bg{bE à~§YZ AWm©V àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm H$m_H$aVr h¡Ÿ& BZ nm±M ñV§ m| na hr g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` H$m _hb IS>m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BZ nm±Mm| {d^mJm| _| Amngr _ob~Zm ahZm H$m\$s _hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& àm`: g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` H$s aMZm {ZåZmZwgma hmoVr h¡ -

I) Editorial Division (g§nmXZ {d^mJ)(g§nmXZ {d^mJ)(g§nmXZ {d^mJ)(g§nmXZ {d^mJ)(g§nmXZ {d^mJ)

1) Executive Editors 2) City Room 3) Art Editors4) Editorial Writers 5) Telegraph & Cable 6) Morgue & Obituary7) Department Editors 8) News Photographers 9) Library

II) Business Division (ì`mdgm{`H$ {d^mJ)(ì`mdgm{`H$ {d^mJ)(ì`mdgm{`H$ {d^mJ)(ì`mdgm{`H$ {d^mJ)(ì`mdgm{`H$ {d^mJ)

1) Auditing 2) Promotion 3) Advertising4) Sales Promotion 5) Circulation 6) Radio & Television

III) Mechanical Division ( Vm§{ÌH$ {d^mJ)( Vm§{ÌH$ {d^mJ)( Vm§{ÌH$ {d^mJ)( Vm§{ÌH$ {d^mJ)( Vm§{ÌH$ {d^mJ)

1) Composing Room 2) Printing Room 3) Lasertype of Plate Making4) Mailing Delivery 5) Engraving6) Service Department


CŠV g^r {d^mJm| _| Amngr g_Ýd` àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm X²dmam hr ~Zm ahVm h¡, àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWmAnZr ha {Oå_oXmar H$mo {Z^mVo hþE H$m ©ny{V© Ho$ {bE à`mg H$aVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ BZ AbJ-AbJ {d^mJm|H$s àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm ^r AbJ-AbJ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

1.1.1.1.1. g§nmXZ {d^mJ (g§nmXZ {d^mJ (g§nmXZ {d^mJ (g§nmXZ {d^mJ (g§nmXZ {d^mJ (Editorial Department))))) :- Bg {d^mJ _| Q>obr\$moZ, \°$Šg, B©-_ob,AmH$medmUr, XyaXe©Z VWm AbJ-AbJ joÌm| go g_mMmam| H$m {ZË` AmZm Omar ahVm h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ _| AmZo dmbog_mMma àmW{_H$ g_mMma hmoVo h¢, {OZ na g§ñH$ma H$aZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` g§ñH$ma Ho$ ~mX BZg_mMmam| H$mo _w{ÐV H$aZo Ho$ {bE oOm OmVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma Ho$ Abmdm g§nmXH$s` boIZ, àmg§{JH$ boIZ, {deofboI, nmR>H$m| Ho$ nÌ, AbJ AbJ {df`m| na {bIo ñV§ Am{X g^r ~mVm| H$m g§ moOZ _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$ H$mo H$aZmnS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$m à~§YZ Am¡a {Z`moOZ _w»` Cn g§nmXH$ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& {dkmnZ {d^mJ H$s Amoa goàË oH$ n¥îR> Ho$ {dkmnZ H$m eoS> yb ({dkmnZ H$m AmH$ma) n¥îR> ~ZmZo Ho$ nhbo Bg {d^mJ _| {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& n¥îR>H$s AÝ` gm_J«r H$s {Oå_oXmar Bg {d^mJ H$s hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZ {d^mJ _| AbJ AbJ g§ñH$aU Ho$ AZwgma{dkmnZ H$m eoS> yb ~ZmZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& {dVaU {d^mJ H$s Amoa go ha {XZ Hw$N> gyMZmE± AmVr h¢Ÿ& CZ gyMZmAm| Ho$AZwgma AbJ-AbJ g§ñH$aU H$m _wÐU H$aZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& aob VWm hdmB© OhmO go Xya nhþ±MZo dmbo g_mMma nÌ{XZ^a Ho$ g_mMmam| na ~ZmE OmVo h¢, BÝh| "S>mH$-g§ñH$aUS>mH$-g§ñH$aUS>mH$-g§ñH$aUS>mH$-g§ñH$aUS>mH$-g§ñH$aU' H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& AmO H$b AbJ AbJ Vhgrc-{ObmVWm àXoem| Ho$ AbJ-AbJ g§ñH$aU {ZH$bVo h¢Ÿ& BZ g~ _| g_mMma, {dkmnZ Am{X H$m AbJ AbJ à~§YZH$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ {ZYm©[aV g_` _| AmH$f©H$ g_mMma nÌ Ho$ {Z_m©U Ho$ {bE à`mg H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& Bg{d^mJ _| Cn-_w»` g§nmXH$, _w»` g§nmXH$, g§nmXH$s` boIH$, H$bm g§nmXH$, eha à{V{Z{Y, J«§Wmb`, ày\$emoYH$,\$moQ>moJ«m\$a VWm AÝ` gh`moJr H$m © H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

2.2.2.2.2. {dkmnZ {d^mJ ({dkmnZ {d^mJ ({dkmnZ {d^mJ ({dkmnZ {d^mJ ({dkmnZ {d^mJ (Advertisement Department))))) :- nÌH$m[aVm _| {dkmnZ {d^mJ _mZm|g_mMma-nÌ H$m öX` hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg öX` H$s YS>H$Z `{X ~§X hmo OmE, Vmo g_mMma-nÌ ^r A{YH$ g_` VH$Or{dV Zht ah gH$VmŸ& g_mMma-nÌ H$mo Am{W©H$ pñWaVm àXmZ H$aZo H$m H$m © `h {d^mJ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJH$m OZg§nH©$ {OVZm A{YH$, CVZm g_mMma-nÌ H$mo _wZm\$m A{YH$ {_bVm h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZ nmZo Ho$ {bE VWm{dkmnZ H$s am{e dgwb H$aZo Ho$ {bE bmoJm| H$s {Z wpŠV H$aZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ& N>moQ>o {dkmnZ nmZo Ho$ {bE g_mMma-nÌm|Ho$ H$m`m©b`, g§dmXXmVm VWm H${_eZ EO§Q> V` {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& Hw$N> {dkmnZ AnZo Amn Am OmVo h¢, Hw$N> à{VîR>mZX²dmam {XE OmVo h¢, Vmo Hw$N> {dkmnZ nmZo Ho$ {bE à`mg ^r H$aZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ&

g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {bE AmE {dkmnZm| H$m AmH$ma VWm do {H$g n¥îR> na N>no, BgH$s gyMZmE± {dkmnZXmVmXoVm h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZ AmH$f©H$ Am¡a nmR>H$m| H$m Ü`mZ AmH¥$îQ> H$aZo dmbo ~Zo, BgH$s Amoa A{YH$ Ü`mZ XoZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&{dkmnZ nmZm VwbZm _| ghO H$m © hmoVm h¡; bo{H$Z CgHo$ n¡go dgwb H$aZm ~S>m H${R>Z H$m_ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {dkmnZh_oem AmVo ah|, BgHo$ {bE Bg {d^mJ H$mo {deof à`mg H$aZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ&

3)3)3)3)3) {dVaU {d^mJ ({dVaU {d^mJ ({dVaU {d^mJ ({dVaU {d^mJ ({dVaU {d^mJ (Circulation Department))))) :- g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {bE {dVaU {d^mJ H$m H$m_^r AgmYmaU h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ {ZpíMV g_` _| ~oMr OmZo dmbr MrO h¡Ÿ& AV: BgHo$ {dVaU _| EH$ K§Q>m ^r


A{YH$ ~rV OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m nyam à^md Cg {XZ H$s {~H«$s na hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$m {dH«o$Vm, EO§Q> BZbmoJm| H$m Bg {d^mJ _| _hÎdnyU© `moJXmZ ahVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| H$m _wÐU hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² nmg©b Ho$ ê$n _|AbJ-AbJ eham| Ho$ {bE g_mMma-nÌm| H$m {d^mOZ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a aob, ~g VWm AÝ` gdm[a`m| X²dmam CÝh|

oOm OmVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE aob VWm ~g H$s g_` gmaUr H$mo XoIZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& {dVaU {d^mJ _| AbJ-AbJ joÌHo$ AbJ-AbJ {dVaU A{YH$mar hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| AnZo-AnZo joÌ _| g_mMma nÌ oOZo H$m à~§YZ H$aZm nS>Vmh¡Ÿ& CZH$s Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo g^r eha, Jm±dm| H$m Zjm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ AZwgma CÝh| gdm[a`m| H$m à~§YZ H$aZmnS>Vm h¡Ÿ& AMmZH$ {H$gr gdmar H$s g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoVr h¡, Vmo CgHo$ {bE AÝ` à~§Y nhbo go hr H$aZm nS>Vmh¡Ÿ& ha joÌr` {dVaU Ho$ {bE AbJ go ì`dñWm H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&

BgHo$ gmW hr EO§Q>m| Ho$ gmW nÌmMma, A{J«_ am{e Ho$ {bE nÌmMma, Am{X Ho$ {bE {dVaU ì`dñWm H$mog§dmX ñWm{nV H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ nmR>H$m| _| A{YH$ d¥X²{Y hmo BgHo$ {bE VWm joÌr` EO§Q>m| H$moàmoËgm{hV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Bg {d^mJ _| gŠ w©boeZ à_moeZ {d^mJ ^r AbJ go H$m_ H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& BZ_|g_mMma-nÌm| _| Amdí`H$ gwYma hoVw nmR>H$ à{V`mo{JVm, _Zmoa§OZ, o§Q> `moOZm Am{X à`mg {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& BZg^r H$m_m| _| {dVaU ì`dñWmnH$ hr à_wI hmoVm h¡, AV: CÝh| hr BZ g^r ~mVm| H$m à~§YZ H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

4.4.4.4.4. _wÐU {d^mJ (_wÐU {d^mJ (_wÐU {d^mJ (_wÐU {d^mJ (_wÐU {d^mJ (Printing Department))))) :- _wÐU {d^mJ _| KS>r H$s gyB© H$s Amoa Ü`mZ aIH$aH$m_ H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ Ho$ AbJ-AbJ g§ñH$aU Am{X Ho$ _wÐU H$m à~§YZ Bg {d^mJ Ho$ à_wI H$moH$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& g§JUH$ na g_mMmam| H$mo Q>§{H$V H$aZo H$m H$m_, Am°\$goQ> _wÐU do~ V§Ì Ho$ X²dmam A~ VoOr go hmoahm h¡& Bggo AbJ-AbJ a§Jm| _| AmH$f©H$ _wÐU H$aZm Bg {d^mJ Ho$ {bE ghO g§ d hmo J`m h¡Ÿ& gm_J«r H$m_wÐU, Am°\$goQ> à~§YZ, ßboQ> _oH$sJ, noñQ>tJ, ~m`S>tJ VWm {dVaU Am{X ~mV| Bg {d^mJ Ho$ A§VJ©V H$s OmVr h¢&

5.5.5.5.5. à~§YZ {d^mJ (à~§YZ {d^mJ (à~§YZ {d^mJ (à~§YZ {d^mJ (à~§YZ {d^mJ (Management Department))))) :- g_mMma nÌ Ho$ g^r {d^mJm| _| gwgyÌVm~ZmE aIZm, CZ_| g_Ýd` {Z_m©U H$aZm, à~§YZ VWm àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm H$mo {ZImaZm, {dkmnZXmVm VWmEO§Q>m| go g§nH©$ H$aZm, g_mMma nÌ H$m Am{W©H$ ñVa C±Mm H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZË` ZB© H$ënZmAm| X²dmam nmR>H$m|,{dkmnZXmVmAm| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aZm VWm _Zwî` ~b H$m A{YH$m{YH$ bm^ CR>mZm àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm H$m à_wIbú` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg {d^mJ _| boIm narjU, {dkmnZ, {dVaU, g§ñH$aU d¥X²{Y Am{X H$m © MbVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& nmR>H$m|H$m g§nH©$ grYo g§nmXH$ go hmoVm h¡; bo{H$Z {dkmnZ g§ñWm VWm {dVaU ì`dñWm H$m g§~§Y grYo àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWmgo ahVm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma nÌ Ho$ XâVa _| àemgH$ AWm©V² à~§YH$ hr à_wI hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ H$s à{V_m CgHo$à~§YZ na hr {Z ©a hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_` H$m _hÎd OmZZo dmbm Am¡a g_Ýd` H$mo ~ZmE aIZo dmbm à~§YH$ hr g\$bà~§YH$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& XâVa Ho$ g^r {d^mJ go CgH$m g_mZ ê$n go g§nH©$ ahVm h¡Ÿ& àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm H$s `h{Oå_oXmar h¡ {H$ AÝ` g^r {d^mJm| H$mo AnZo H$V©ì`ny{V© Ho$ {bE h_oem àmoËgm{hV H$a|Ÿ&

6.3.6.26.3.6.26.3.6.26.3.6.26.3.6.2 {~H«$s ì`dñWm {~H«$s ì`dñWm {~H«$s ì`dñWm {~H«$s ì`dñWm {~H«$s ì`dñWm :- {Z_m©U hmoZo dmbo ha CËnmXZ H$s {~H«$s H$aZm ì`dñWmnH$ H$s {Oå_oXmar hmoVr h¡Ÿ&g_mMma-nÌ H$s ^r {~H«$s hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z AÝ` CËnmXZm| H$s VwbZm _| Bg {~H«$s _| H$m\$s AbJnZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


_w{ÐV hþE g^r g_mMma-nÌm| H$mo ~oMH$a n¡go {_bVo hr h¡, Eogm Bg joÌ _| Zht hmoVmŸ& AZoH$ nmR>H$ _wâV _|g_mMma-nÌ n‹T>Vo h¢Ÿ& H$^r-H$^r EH$ hr g_mMma-nÌ AZoH$ nmR>H$ n‹T>Vo h¢Ÿ& XâVa, J«§Wmb`, g§ñWm VWmà{VîR>mZm| X²dmam IarXm J`m EH$ g_mMma-nÌ gm¡-gm¡ bmoJ n‹T>Vo h¢Ÿ& do g^r Cg g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {Z`{_V VWmñWm`r nmR>H$ hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z CZgo d¥ÎmnÌ à{VîR>mZ H$mo H$moB© Am{W©H$ bm^ Zht {_bVmŸ& g_mO Ho$ Hw$N> à{VpîR>VhpñV`m| H$mo _wâV _| g_mMma-nÌ oOZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& Hw$N> nÌ boIH$, bmoH$à{V{Z{Y, {dkmnZXmVm, g§dmXXmVm,EO§Q> Am{X H$mo g_mMma-nÌ _wâV oOZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& BZ g^r h{ñV`m| go g_mMma nÌ H$m _yë` Zht {_bVm, {\$a^r ^{dî` _| BZ g§~§Ym| H$m bm^ ì`dñWmnH$ H$mo AbJ ê$n go {_bVm hr h¡Ÿ& {H$gr ^r ì`dgm` _| _mb _wâV _|Zht ~m±Q>m OmVm; bo{H$Z d¥ÎmnÌ H$s {dVaU ì`dñWm H$mo `h H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma-nÌ H$m EO§Q> nmR>H$m| VH$ g_mMma-nÌ nhþ±MmZo dmbm à_wI ñÌmoV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& H${_eZ boH$a dhg_mMma-nÌ {dVarV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& ^bo hr dh H${_eZ boH$a H$m_ H$a|, bo{H$Z Cggo AnZmnZ ~ZmE aIZmì`dñWmnH$ H$s ~S>r {Oå_oXmar hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AÝ` CËnmXZm| _| WmoH$ VWm gm_mÝ` ì`mnmar hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z Bg joÌ _|`h Zht hmoVmŸ& nmg©b go AmE g^r g_mMma-nÌ ^bo hr EO§Q> boVm h¡ Am¡a AÝ` Cn{dH«o$VmAm| H$mo ~oMZo Ho$ {bEXoVm h¡, d¡go dh ñd § ^r ~oMVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma nÌ nhþ±MmZo Ho$ gmW-gmW ha _mh ~oMo JE g_mMma-nÌm| H$s H$s_Vdgwc H$aZm ^r EO§Q> H$s {Oå_oXmar hmoVr h¡Ÿ& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$gr EO§Q> Ho$ nmg AÝ` g_mMma-nÌ H$s ^r EOÝgrhmoŸ& ha g_mMma-nÌ go CÝh| H${_eZ {_bVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&

{dVaU ì`dñWm H$mo EO§Q>m| H$m MwZmd ~‹S>r gmdYmZVm go H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& EOÝgr XoVo g_` Hw$N> aH$_{S>nm°PrQ> Ho$ ê$n _| br OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg ~rM Hw$N> eV} ^r V` H$s OmVr h¢Ÿ& gmW hr EO§Q>m| H$s Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$pñW{V H$m {dMma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AZw d VWm H$m ©àUmcr Am{X ~mVm| H$mo XoIH$a EOÝgr Xr OmVr h¡Ÿ& AmO H$bEOÝgr boZm ^r gå_mZOZH$ ì`dgm` ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ&

g_mMma-nÌ H$s H$s_V Am¡a _yë` à{V`mo{JVm g_mMma-nÌ H$s H$s_V Am¡a _yë` à{V`mo{JVm g_mMma-nÌ H$s H$s_V Am¡a _yë` à{V`mo{JVm g_mMma-nÌ H$s H$s_V Am¡a _yë` à{V`mo{JVm g_mMma-nÌ H$s H$s_V Am¡a _yë` à{V`mo{JVm :- H$amoS>mo én`m| H$s ny§Or bJmH$a H$moB© O~ g_mMma-nÌì`dgm` Ama§ H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh `h ^r MmhoJm {H$ Cggo Hw$N> Oê$a H$_mEŸ& `hr dOh h¡ {H$ g_mMma-nÌ H$m{Z_m©U A~ ì`dgm` Ho$ ê$n _| n[ad[V©V hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& AmO-H$b AZoH$ bmoJ g_mMma-nÌ {ZH$c ah| h¢, {Oggog_mMma-nÌ {Z_m©U H$s _mZm| hmoS> gr bJr hþB© h¡Ÿ& ha H$moB© AnZm g_mMma-nÌ Am¡am| go A{YH$ AmH$f©H$ H¡$go~Zo, Bg gmoM _| Sy>~m h¡ Am¡a AnZo nÌ H$s InV ~‹T>mZo H$s ZB©-ZB© VaH$s~| gmoM ahm h¡Ÿ& Bgr X²d§X²d _| hr a§JrZn¥îR>m| H$s N>nmB©, AbJ-AbJ g§ñH$aU, n¥îR>m| H$s A{YH$ g§»`m Am{X X²dmam ha H$moB© nmR>H$ H$mo AnZr AmoaAmH${f©V H$a ahm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE g_mMma-nÌ H$s H$s_V na ^r gmoMZm Amdí`H$ hmo J`m h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ Ho$_yë` go boH$a {dkmnZ H$s Xam| VH$ `h à{V`mo{JVm Mb ahr h¡Ÿ& {dVaU VWm {~H«$s na BgH$m à^md A{YH$ ahVmh¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {dkmnZ H$s Xa| CgH$s {~H«$s na Adb§{~V hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

A{YH$m{YH$ nmR>H$ àmßV H$aZo hoVw g_mMma-nÌm| Zo AbJ-AbJ `moOZmAm| Ho$ gmW ^S>H$sbo g_mMmaXoZm ^r ewê$ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& g_mMma _yë` Hw$N> ^r hmo, g§nmXH$ VWm ì`dñWmnH$ Ho$ _VmZwgma dh g_mMma A~ a§JrZn¥îR> na ^r N>nZo bJm h¡Ÿ& à{V`mo{JVm Ho$ Bg wJ _| {dVaU ì`dñWm H$mo h_oem gVH©$ ahZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$m| H$mgd} H$a g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ H$mo Amdí`H$ gyMZm H$aZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ&


g_mMma-nÌ H$s {~H«$s {OZ ~mVm| na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡,ŸCZ_o§ g_mMma-nÌ H$m _yë` `h _hÎdnyU©~mV h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ _w{X«V H$a àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {OVZm IM© AmVm h¡, Cggo H$B© JwUm H$_ g_mMma-nÌH$m _yë` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AÝ` CËnmXZm| H$s H$s_V {Og Vah {ZpíMV H$s OmVr h¡, Cgr Vah g_mMma-nÌ H$s Zht H$sOmVrŸ& g_mMma-nÌ H$m _yë` V` H$aVo g_` CgH$s InV Am¡a {dkmnZ X²dmam {_bZo dmbr Am` XoIr OmVr h¡Ÿ&g_mMma-nÌ H$m AmH$ma, n¥îR> g§»`m, nmR>H$ H$s H«$` epŠV Am{X ~mVm| na ^r g_mMma-nÌ H$m _yë` {ZYm©[aV{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

AZoH$ g_mMma-nÌ, n¥îR> g§»`m, {d{^ÝZ `moOZmE±, _yë` wX²Y Am{X ~mVm| H$m à^md {dVaU ì`dñWmna h_oem ahVm h¡Ÿ& AV: ^bo hr g§nmXH$ {d^mJ g_mMma nÌ H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~ZmE; bo{H$Z ~mOma _| AnZog_mMma-nÌ H$mo àñVwV H$aZm Am¡a nmR>H$m| H$mo IarXZo Ho$ {bE {dde H$aZo H$s {Oå_oXmar {~H«$s VWm {dVaUì`dñWm H$mo hr {Z^mZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ&

6.3.6.36.3.6.36.3.6.36.3.6.36.3.6.3{dVaU ì`dñWm{dVaU ì`dñWm{dVaU ì`dñWm{dVaU ì`dñWm{dVaU ì`dñWm :- g_mMma-nÌ _w{X«V hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² `WmerK« dh nmR>H$m| Ho$ hmW nhþ±Mo, `h{dVaU ì`dñWm H$s {Oå_oXmar h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ H$s InV `m nÌH$m[aVm _| AmB© H$S>r à{V`mo{JVm Ho$ H$maU{dVaU ì`dñWm H$m _hÎd ~‹T> J`m h¡Ÿ& AnZo g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ nhbo H$moB© AÝ` g_mMma-nÌ `{X nmR>H$ Ho$ hmWnS>Vm h¡ Am¡a {X h ~ma-~ma hmoVm ahVm h¡, Vmo nmR>H$ AmJo MbH$a AnZo g_mMma-nÌ H$s Amoa nrR> H$a XoVo h¢Ÿ&Mmho {\$a h_mam g_mMma-nÌ {H$VZm ^r AmH$f©H$ Š`m| Z hmo ? amV^a H$S>r _ohZV go ~Zm`m J`m g_mMma-nÌ,{OgH$s {~H«$s nhbo K§Q>o-Xmo-K§Q>o _| Z hmo OmE, Vmo ~mX _| dh dht H$m dht nS>m ahVm h¡Ÿ&

AÝ` CËnmXH$ MrOm| H$s Vah g_mMma-nÌ H$s {Z{_©{V Ho$ ~mX Cgo JmoS>mdyZ _| BH$Q>²>R>m H$a Zht aIm OmgH$VmŸ& har^ar gãOr O¡go Hw$N> K§Q>m| ~mX ~m±gr ~Z OmVr h¡, d¡go hr K§Q>o Xmo K§Q>o ~mX g_mMma nÌ aX²Xr ~Z OmVmh¡Ÿ& AÝ` CËnmXZm| _| `mo½` _yë` AmZo VH$ _mb H$mo JmoS>mdyZ _| aI gH$Vo h¢, bo{H$Z Bg joÌ _| `h g§ d ZhthmoVmŸ& AÝ` CËnmXZm| H$s VwbZm _| BgH$s {~H«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWm AbJ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {dVaUì`dñWm H$mo BgHo$ à{V h_oem gVH©$ ahZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& àmV: gm_mÝ`V: 3-4 ~Oo g_mMma-nÌ _wÐU nyam hmo OmVohr {dVaU {d^mJ Ho$ ha ì`pŠV H$mo gVH©$ hmo OmZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& Xyar Ho$ nmg©b nhbo oOo OmVo h¢Ÿ& {dVaU ì`dñWm`{X AbJ go gdm[a`m| H$m à~§YZ H$aVr h¡, Vmo AbJ-AbJ eham|-Jm±dm| Ho$ nmg©b Xyar Ho$ AZwgma H«$_e: oOoOmVo h¢Ÿ& {dVaU ì`dñWm _| `{X H$moB© g_ñ`m AMmZH$ {Z_m©U hmoVr h¡, Vmo CgHo$ {bE AÝ` ì`dñWm H$m hmoZmAmdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Eogr g_ñ`mAm| na ñWm`r n`m© {ZH$mbZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& EO§Q>m| Ho$ gmW V~ VH$ g§nH©$~ZmE aIZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡, O~ VH$ CZHo$ hmW g_mMma-nÌ Z nhþ±Mo, `h nyam CÎmaXm{`Ëd {dVaU ì`dñWmH$mo {Z^mZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ&

{dVaU {d^mJ _| gm`H$c go Ky_H$a g_mMma-nÌ ~oMZo dmbo go boH$a {dVaU à_wI VH$ EH$ ûm¥§Ibm-gr ~Zr ahVr h¡Ÿ& `h ûm¥§Ibm {OVZr geŠV hmoVr h¡, CVZr hr g_mMma-nÌ H$s {~H«$s A{YH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {~H«$sì`dñWm Ho$ ha {hñgo H$mo _O~yV ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE {dVaU ì`dñWmnH$ H$mo h_oem CZHo$ g§nH©$ _| ahZm Amdí`H$h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ à{V ha ì`pŠV Ho$ _Z _| AnZmnZ {Z_m©U hmo, BgHo$ {bE {dVaU ì`dñWmnH$ H$mo à`ËZaVahZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `h ûm¥§Ibm Am¡a _O~yV ~Zo Bg{bE EO§Q>m| H$mo BH$Q>²>R>m H$aZm, CÝh| Mm`nmZ H$amZm, oQ>ñdê$n


H$moB© MrO| XoZm Am{X ~mVo§ Amdí`H$ hmoVr h¢Ÿ& nmg©b bo OmZo dmbr gdm[a`m| Ho$ S>m`ìha VWm _m{bH$ go r {dVaUì`dñWmnH$ Ho$ g§~§Y AÀN>o hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& CZH$m {H$am`m g_` na XoZm, g_ñ`mAm| _| CZH$s ghm`Vm H$aZmAm¡a H$_ g_` _| nmg©b nhþ±MmZo Ho$ {bE CÝh| àmoËgm{hV H$aZm ì`dñWmnH$ H$m JwU hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& nmR>H$m| Ho$ ~mao_| {dVaU ì`dñWm VWm ì`dñWmnH$ H$m OmJ¥V ahZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$m| Ho$ gå_obZ H$m Am`moOZ H$aZm,{d{^ÝZ `moOZmE± MbmZm, à{V`mo{JVmAm| H$m Am`moOZ H$aZm, {Oggo nmR>H$m| _| AnZo g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ à{V bJmdVWm AnZmnZ ~Zm ahoŸ&

d¥ÎmnÌ {dVaU Ho$ {bE EH$ g_` gmaUr {ZpíMV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ ~oMZo Ho$ {bE {H$g g_` H$hm±nhþ±Mm OmE, BgH$m {ZpíMV T>m±Mm ~Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ ~ma nmg©b g_` na nhþ±MZo Ho$ ~mX r dh H$ht Imo OmZoH$s r g§ mdZm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& gmW hr nmg©b H$m ~mare _| rJZm, Iam~ hmoZm Am{X g§ mdZmAm| H$mo r Ü`mZ _| aIZmAmdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Eogr g_ñ`mAm| na `WmerK« C{MV n`m© {ZH$mbZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&



1. g_mMma-nÌ H$s Zr{V`m| H$m {ZYm©aU ............ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$ I) g§dmXXmVm J) ày\$ g§emoYH$ K) Cng§nmXH$

2. g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s à_wI lo{U`m± ............ h¢Ÿ&

H$) VrZ I) MmaMmaMmaMmaMma J) gmV K) Voah

3. g§nmXH$s` H$m ©nX²Y{V H$mo .............. {d^mJm| _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

H$) Xmo I) VrZVrZVrZVrZVrZ J) Mma K) nm±M

4. g^r ~mVm| H$m {H$gr EH$ {ZpíMV H$m ©ny{V© Ho$ {bE g_m`moOZ H$aZm hr ............ h¡Ÿ&

H$) gmjmËH$ma I) \$sMa J) [anmoVm©O K) à~§YZà~§YZà~§YZà~§YZà~§YZ

5. g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` _| AmZo dmbo àmW{_H$ g_mMmam| na ....... g§ñH$ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§nmXH$ I) _w»` Cng§nmXH$_w»` Cng§nmXH$_w»` Cng§nmXH$_w»` Cng§nmXH$_w»` Cng§nmXH$ J) g§dmXXmVm K) à~§YH$

6. g_mMma-nÌ H$mo Am{W©H$ pñWaVm àXmZ H$aZo H$m H$m © .......... {d^mJ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§nmXZ I) {dVaU J) {dkmnZ{dkmnZ{dkmnZ{dkmnZ{dkmnZ K) _wÐU

7. g_mMma-nÌ {~H«$s Ho$ {bE EO§Q>m| H$m MwZmd ......... {d^mJ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) {dkmnZ I) {~H«$s J) {dVaU{dVaU{dVaU{dVaU{dVaU K) _wÐU

8. AbJ AbJ ñWmZm| go àmßV hþE g_mMmam| H$mo g§H${bV H$a ....... "ñQ>moar' V¡ ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) àw\ g§emoYH$ I) g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$ J) {dVaU K) _wÐH$


9. g_mMma gy±KZo H$s j_Vm ........... _| hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&

H$) g§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVmg§dmXXmVm I) Cng§nmXH$ J) nmR>H$ K) g§nmXH$

10. ......... nyU©H$m{bH$ g§dmXXmVm hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) bmBZa I) pñQ>Oa J) \w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ> K) ñQ>m\$g©ñQ>m\$g©ñQ>m\$g©ñQ>m\$g©ñQ>m\$g©

11. \w$bâboÁS> OZ©{bñQ> H$mo .......... O¡gr gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$s OmVr h¢Ÿ&

H$) g§nmXH$ I) Cn-g§nmXH$Cn-g§nmXH$Cn-g§nmXH$Cn-g§nmXH$Cn-g§nmXH$ J)àH$meH$ K) ày\$ emoYZ

12. g§dmXXmVm H$mo H$B© ~ma ........... H$s y{_H$m {Z^mZr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ&

H$) ZoVm I) A{^ZoVm J) g§nmXH$ K) OmgygOmgygOmgygOmgygOmgyg

13. g_mMma-nÌ _| {dkmnZ {H$g n¥îR> na N>no BgH$s gyMZm ........ XoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§dmXXmVm I) g§nmXH$ J) {dkmnZnXmVm{dkmnZnXmVm{dkmnZnXmVm{dkmnZnXmVm{dkmnZnXmVm K) {dVaH$

14. ............ {d^mJ KS>r H$s gyB© H$s Amoa Ü`mZ aIH$a H$m_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) _wÐU_wÐU_wÐU_wÐU_wÐU I) n«~§YZ J) {dkmnZ K) g§nmXZ

15. g_mMma-nÌ H$m ......... nmR>H$m| VH$ g_mMma-nÌ nhþ±MmZo dmbm à_wI ñÌmoV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) àH$meH$ I) g§dmXXmVm J) EO§Q>EO§Q>EO§Q>EO§Q>EO§Q> K) g§nmXH$


1. g_mMma nÌm| _| N>nZo dmbo g_mMmam| H$m M`Z H$m¡Z H$aVm h¡ ?

2. g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s à_wI Mma lo{U`m± H$m¡Zgr h¢?

3. g_mMma _| {H$VZo H$H$mam| H$m CÎma Ano{jV h¡?

4. g§nmXH$s` H$m ©nX²Y{V H$mo {H$Z {d^mJm| _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡?

5. àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm _| H$m¡Zgo {d^mJ AmVo h¢?

6. g_mMma-nÌ H$m _yë` {H$g ~mV na {Z ©a hmoVm h¡?

7. nmR>H$m| VH$ g_mMma-nÌ nhþ±MmZo H$m H$m © H$m¡Zgm {d^mJ H$aVm h¡?

8. n¡Zr ÑpîQ> VWm {dñV¥V ldU epŠV `h JwU ImgH$a {H$g_| hmoZm Oê$ar h¡?

9. g_mMma H$s n§pŠV`m| Ho$ AZwgma nm[al{_H$ àmßV H$aZo dmbm H$m¡Zgm g§dmXXmVm hmoVm h¡?

10. g_mMma H$s JhamB© _| OmZm Am¡a ZE-ZE VÏ` VWm gË` H$mo CX²Km{QV H$aZo Ho$ {bE g§dmXXmVm _|H$m¡Zgo JwU H$m hmoZm Oê$ar h¡?

11. g§nmXH$ H$s _hÎdnyU© {Oå_oXmar H$m¡Zgr h¡?


12. g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m| H$mo {H$gHo$ X²dmam {ZYm©[aV {H$`m J`m h¡?

13. nÌH$ma H$m àW_ Am¡a A§{V_ Xm{`Ëd H$m¡Zgm h¡?


à~§YZà~§YZà~§YZà~§YZà~§YZ : {H$gr H$m_ `m ~mV H$m à~§Y AWm©V² ì`dñWm H$aZo H$s {H«$`m H$m ^mdŸ&

AZwJm_rAZwJm_rAZwJm_rAZwJm_rAZwJm_r : {H$gr H$m AmMaU XoIH$a CgHo$ AZwgma MbZo dmbm, AZw m`rŸ&

{Zînj{Zînj{Zînj{Zînj{Zînj : Omo {H$gr nj `m Xb _| gpå_{bV Z hmoŸ&

njYanjYanjYanjYanjYa : {ddmX Am{X _| {H$gr H$m nj boZo dmbmŸ&

g_m`moOZg_m`moOZg_m`moOZg_m`moOZg_m`moOZ : bmoJm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$s MrO| CZHo$ nmg nhþ±MmZo H$s ì`dñWmŸ&

g_`gmaUrg_`gmaUrg_`gmaUrg_`gmaUrg_`gmaUr : g_` gy{MV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~ZmB© JB© gmaUrŸ&

àmoËgm{hVàmoËgm{hVàmoËgm{hVàmoËgm{hVàmoËgm{hV : {Ogo {deof ê$n go àmoËgmhZ {X`m J`m hmoŸ&


A)A)A)A)A) 1) g§nmXH$ 2) Mma 3) VrZ 4) à~§YZ 5) _w»` Cn-g§nmXH$

6) {dkmnZ 7) {dVaU 8) g§nmXH$ 9) g§dmXXmVm 10) ñQ>m\$g©

11) Cn-g§nmXH$ 12) Omgyg 13) {dkmnZXmVm 14) _wÐU 15) EO§Q>

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. g_mMma nÌm| _| N>nZo dmbo g_mMmam| H$m M`Z g§nmXH$ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

2. {deof g§dmXXmVm, _w»` H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm, Cn_w»` H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm, H$m`m©b` g§dmXXmVm og§dmXXmVmAm| H$s à_wI Mma lo{U`m± h¢Ÿ&

3. g_mMma _| N>: H$H$mam| H$m CÎma Ano{jV h¡Ÿ&

4. g_mMma EH$Ì H$aZm, M`Z Am¡a g§nmXZ H$aZm, g_mMma na AnZm ÑpîQ>H$moZ àñVwV H$aZm BZ {d^mJm|_| g§nmXH$s` H$m ©nX²Y{V H$mo ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

5. àemg{ZH$ {d^mJ _| g§nmXZ, {dkmnZ, {dVaU, _wÐU, à~§YZ {d^mJ H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

6. g_mMma nÌ H$m _yë` g_mMma nÌ H$s InV Am¡a {dkmnZ H$s Am` na {Z ©a hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

7. nmR>H$m| VH$ g_mMma nÌ nhþ±MmZo H$m H$m © {~H«$s VWm {dVaU {d^mJ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

8. n¡Zr ÑpîQ> VWm {dñV¥V ldU epŠV H$m JwU g§dmXXmVmAm| _| hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&

9. g_mMma H$s n§pŠV`m| Ho$ AZwgma nm[al{_H$ àmßV H$aZo dmbm bmBZa hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


10. g_mMma H$s JhamB© _| OmZm Am¡a ZE ZE VÏ` VWm gË` H$mo CX²Km{Q>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE g§dmXXmVm _|{Okmgm H$m hmoZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ&

11. Xoe, {dXoe Ho$ g_mMma Q>o{bqàQ>a VWm AÝ` _mÜ`_m| go àmßV hmoVo h¢, CZH$m A{db§~ Cn wŠV à`moJH$aZm, nÌ Ho$ àË oH$ g§ñH$aU _| AmH$f©U Am¡a ZdrZVm ~ZmE aIZm, H$X_ H$X_ na AmZo dmbr H$mZyZrCbPZm| go g_mMma-nÌ H$mo ~MmE aIZm g§nmXH$ H$s {Oå_oXmar _mZr OmVr h¡Ÿ&

12. g§dmXXmVmAmo| H$s g_ñV lo{U`m| H$mo X²{dVr` doVZ Am`moJ X²dmam {ZYm©[aV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

13. nÌH$ma H$m àW_ Am¡a A§{V_ Xm{`Ëd gË` H$s ajm H$aZm, _mZd g_mO H$m {hV Am¡a amîQ> H$m {hV h¡Ÿ&


g_mMma-nÌ H$m {Z_m©U g§JR>Z Ho$ X²dmam {H$`m OmZo dmbm H$m © h¡Ÿ& AHo$bm g§nmXH$ ^bo hr Bgà{VîR>mZ H$m ZoV¥Ëd H$aVm hmo, bo{H$Z gm_mÝ` g§dmXXmVm go boH$a gm`{H$b na ~¡R>H$a Ka Ka g_mMma nÌnhþ±MmZo dmbm Am_ _Zwî` r Bg ûm¥§Ibm H$m _hÎdnyU© {hñgm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& àH$meZ {d^mJ, g§nmXH$s` {d^mJ, _wÐU{d^mJ, {dkmnZ {d^mJ VWm {dVaU {d^mJ AbJ AbJ ê$n go AnZr {Oå_oXmar {Z^mVo h¢Ÿ& BZ g^r {d^mJm|X²dmam {H$E JE l_ hr g_mMma nÌ H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~ZmVo h¢Ÿ& ha {d^mJ H$m à_wI AnZo {d^mJ Ho$ AÝ` gh`moJrgo {OVZm OwS>m hþAm hmoVm h¡, CVZm hr Cgo AÝ` {d^mJ Ho$ à_wIm| go ^r g_Ýd` aIZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bgg§JR>Z Ho$ ~b na hr g_mMma nÌ MbVm h¡Ÿ&


1. g§nmXH$ H$s `mo½`Vm H$mo ñnîQ> H$s{OEŸ&

2. g§dmXXmVmAm| Ho$ JwUm| na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

3. nÌH$m[aVm H$s àemg{ZH$ ì`dñWm H$s {ddoMZm H$s{OEŸ&

4. g_mMma-nÌ H$s {~H«$s VWm {dVaU ì`dñWm H$s n«{H«$`m ~VmBEŸ&

5. g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V na àH$me S>m{cEŸ&

6. g§dmXXmVmAm| H$s lo{U`m± ñnîQ> H$s{OEŸ&


1. {H$gr X¡. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` _| OmH$a g§nmXH$ Am¡a g§dmXXmVm H$s H$m © nX²Y{V H$s OmZH$marbr{OEŸ&

2. nÌH$m[aVm H$m à~§YZ {H$g àH$ma hmoVm h¡, `h OmZZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr X¡. g_mMma nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` VWm_wX«U {d^mJ H$s |Q> H$s{OEŸ&



1. nÌH$m[aVm : n[adoe Am¡a àd¥{Îm`m± - S>m°. n¥ÏdramO nmÊS>o

2. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m {dH$mg - lr. EZ. gr. n§V

3. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a à_wI nÌH$ma - S>m°. ~r. Ama. Y_}ÝÐ

4. g§Mma Am¡a g§Mma _mÜ`_ - S>m°. M§ÐàH$me {_l

5. nÌH$m[aVm : {d{dY {dYmE± - S>m°. amOHw$_mar amZr

6. nÌH$m[aVm à{ejU Ed§ àog {d{Y - S>m°. gwOmVm d_m©

7. g§nmXZ, n¥îR> gÁOm Am¡a _wÐU - àmo. a_oe O¡Z

8. boIZ g§nmXZ Am¡a _wÐU - Amo_ JwßVm

9. d¥ÎmnÌ ì`dñWmnZ - àm. ~m~m ~moamS>o

10. nÌH$m[aVm hoVw boIZ - S>m°. {Zem§V qgh

11. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {gX²Ym§V - S>m°. a_oeM§X« {ÌnmR>r

12. nÌH$m[aVm Ed§ gånmXZ H$bm - lr. EZ. gr. n§V

13. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm ñdê$n Am¡a g§X © - S>m°. {dZmoX JmoXao



-----•-----

(105) (105) (105) (105) (105)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)

BH$mB© - 7 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 7 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 7 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 7 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 7 I§S> (J)

gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm* ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$maŸ&* ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$maŸ&* ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$maŸ&* ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$maŸ&* ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$maŸ&

* _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUmŸ&* _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUmŸ&* _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUmŸ&* _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUmŸ&* _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUmŸ&

* àgma ^maVr VWm gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$sŸ&* àgma ^maVr VWm gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$sŸ&* àgma ^maVr VWm gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$sŸ&* àgma ^maVr VWm gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$sŸ&* àgma ^maVr VWm gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$sŸ&




7.3.1 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma

7.3.2 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm gyMZm{YH$ma

7.3.3 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _mZdm{YH$ma

7.3.4 _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm

7.3.5 àgma ^maVr

7.3.6 gyMZm àm¡X²>`mo{JH$s









1. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$ma go n[a{MV hmo OmE±JoŸ&

2. _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm H$m n[aM` bo gH|$JoŸ&

3. "àgma ^maVr' Ho$ à_wI CX²Xoí`m| H$m n[aM` bo nmE±JoŸ&

4. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Zo g§nyU© {díd H$mo EH$ ZJa H$m ê$n H¡$go Xo {X`m h¡, Bg ~mV H$m n[aM` bo nmE±JoŸ&

(106)(106)(106)(106)(106) gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (1)


^maVr` g§{dYmZ H$m {Z_m©U EH$ {deof g_` Am¡a EH$ {ZpíMV `moOZm Ho$ A§VJ©V g§{dYmZ g^m X²dmam{H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Bg_| gaH$ma Ho$ g§JR>Z, à_wI A§Jm| VWm H$m ©nm{bH$m, Ý`m`nm{bH$m Ed§ ì`dñWm{nH$m Ho$ JR>Z H$mCëboI {b{IV ê$n _| {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ, bú` Ed§ Zr{V{ZX}eH$ VÎdm| H$mg_mdoe, gyMZm{YH$ma Ed§ _mZdm{YH$ma na ì`mnH$ MMm© Am{X ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ^maVr` g§{dYmZ gm_m{OH$n[adV©Z H$m EH$ gw§Xa ànÌ ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ& g§{dYmZ _| Ohm± EH$ Amoa gaH$ma H$mo Š`m H$aZm h¡ Am¡a Š`m Zht H$aZmh¡, Bg g§X © _| _mJ©Xe©Z {H$`m J`m h¡, dhm± Xygar Amoa ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo àmßV {d{^ÝZ A{YH$mam| Ho$ gmW gmW CZHo$H$V©ì`m| H$s ^r {dñVma go MMm© H$s JB© h¡Ÿ&

àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd h¡Ÿ& {H$gr ^r Xoe H$mo gwì`dpñWVê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE VrZ ñV§ m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ(H$m ©nm{bH$m, Ý`m`nm{bH$m, {dYm{`H$m)& dhm± BZVrZm| go gm_mÝ` bmoJm| H$mo OmoS>o aIZo H$m _hÎdnyU© H$m © àog `m _r{S>`m Ho$ AÝ` gmYZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&


7.3.17.3.17.3.17.3.17.3.1 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma :

_Zwî` H$mo AJa AnZm {dH$mg H$aZm h¡, Vmo Cgo Hw$N> _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma {_bZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& H$moB© ì`pŠV `mgaH$ma BZ A{YH$mam| H$m Xwê$n`moJ Zht H$a gH$VrŸ& _Zwî` H$mo àmßV _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma AmYw{ZH$ wJ H$s XoZ h¡Ÿ&^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 13 go 35 VH$ N>: _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& BZ _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam|Ho$ H$maU _mZd AnZr Am{W©H$, Ym{_©H$, gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Amdí`H$VmAm| H$mo nyU© H$aVm h¡Ÿ& ^maVr`ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo g_mZVm, ñdV§ÌVm, Ym{_©H$ ñdV§ÌVm, emofU Ho$ {déX²Y A{YH$ma, {ejm Ed§ g§ñH¥${V H$m A{YH$ma,g§d¡Ym{ZH$ CnMma H$m A{YH$ma àmßV h¡Ÿ& ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwgma ^maV Ho$ àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo Omo N>:_m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma àmßV h¢, do Bg àH$ma -

1. g_mZVm H$m A{YH$mag_mZVm H$m A{YH$mag_mZVm H$m A{YH$mag_mZVm H$m A{YH$mag_mZVm H$m A{YH$ma - ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 14 go 18 VH$ ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo nm±M àH$ma H$sg_mZVmAm| H$m A{YH$ma àmßV h¡Ÿ& `h A{YH$ma {d{Y Ho$ g_j g_mZVm, gm_m{OH$ g_mZVm, gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar Ho$Adga _| g_mZVm, Añn¥í`Vm H$m {Z_y©bZ VWm Cnm{Y`m| H$m A§V Am{X h¢Ÿ& Bg A{YH$ma Ho$ VhV ha ì`pŠV H$moH$mZyZ Ho$ gm_Zo EH$ O¡gm _mZm OmEJmŸ& ^maV H$m H$mZyZ g~ bmoJm| H$s ajm H$aoJm Am¡a `h ajm ^r EH$ O¡gr hrhmoJrŸ&

2. ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$mañdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$mañdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$mañdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$mañdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$ma - AZwÀN>oX 19 go boH$a 22 VH$ àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$mA{YH$ma {X`m J`m h¡ -

A) ^mfU Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVmŸ&

~) {ZeñÌ Am¡a em§{VnyU© g^m H$aZo H$s ñdV§ÌVmŸ&

H$) g_wXm` ~ZmZo H$s ñdV§ÌVmŸ&


S>) OrdZ Am¡a eara ajm H$s ñdV§ÌVmŸ&

B) {JaâVmar Am¡a ~ÝXrH$aU Ho$ {déX²Y gwajmŸ&

B©) AnamY {gX²Y Ho$ {df` _| ñdV§ÌVmŸ&

H$moB© {deof n[apñW{V _| hr BZ A{YH$mam| na nm~pÝX`m± bJmB© Om gH$Vr h¢ & O¡go -

H$) amîQ> H$s EH$Vm, gmd© m¡_Ëd VWm EH$mË_Vm IVao _| AmVr h¡, V~Ÿ&

I) gwajm ì`dñWm Ho$ {bE IVam {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡, V~Ÿ&

J) Z¡{VH$Vm H$mo YŠH$m bJVm h¡, V~Ÿ&

K) AXmbV H$s AdhobZm hmoVr h¡, V~Ÿ&

M) _mZhm{Z Ed§ Anam{YVm H$mo àmoËgmhZ {_bVm h¡, V~Ÿ&

N>) AÝ` amîQ>m| Ho$ gmW g§~§Ymo§ _| ~mYm AmVr h¡, V~Ÿ&

3. emofU Ho$ {déX²Y A{YH$maemofU Ho$ {déX²Y A{YH$maemofU Ho$ {déX²Y A{YH$maemofU Ho$ {déX²Y A{YH$maemofU Ho$ {déX²Y A{YH$ma - AZwÀN>oX 23 Am¡a 24 Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì`pŠV {H$gr Xygao ì`pŠV H$memofU Zht H$a gHo$JmŸ& Bg g§~§Y _| ~oJma H$amZo, ~mbl_ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZo VWm _Zwî`m| H$m H«$`-{dH«$` H$aZo Am{Xna amoH$ bJmB© JB© h¡Ÿ&

4. Ym{_©H$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$maYm{_©H$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$maYm{_©H$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$maYm{_©H$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$maYm{_©H$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$ma - AZwÀN>oX 25 go 28 X²dmam g^r ì`pŠV`m| H$mo Ym{_©H$ AmMaU Ed§ àMmaH$r ñdV§ÌVm, Ym{_©H$ H$m`m] Ho$ à~§Y H$s ñdV§ÌVm, Y_© {deof H$s CÝZ{V hoVw H$a XoZo Z XoZo H$s ñdV§ÌVm VWmì`pŠVJV {ejm g§ñWmAm| _| Ym{_©H$ {ejm XoZo H$s ñdV§ÌVm Xr JB© h¡Ÿ&

5. g§ñH¥${V Am¡a {ejm g§~§Yr A{YH$mag§ñH¥${V Am¡a {ejm g§~§Yr A{YH$mag§ñH¥${V Am¡a {ejm g§~§Yr A{YH$mag§ñH¥${V Am¡a {ejm g§~§Yr A{YH$mag§ñH¥${V Am¡a {ejm g§~§Yr A{YH$ma - g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 29 d 30 Ho$ AZwgma Aëng§»`H$m| H$mo AnZr^mfm, {b{n `m g§ñH¥${V H$mo gwa{jV aIZo H$m nyU© A{YH$ma h¡ VWm Aëng§»`H$m| H$mo AnZr {ejm g§ñWmAm| H$sñWmnZm H$aZo Am¡a CZH$m àemgZ H$aZo H$m ^r A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ&

6. g§d¡Ym{ZH$ CnMmam| H$m A{YH$mag§d¡Ym{ZH$ CnMmam| H$m A{YH$mag§d¡Ym{ZH$ CnMmam| H$m A{YH$mag§d¡Ym{ZH$ CnMmam| H$m A{YH$mag§d¡Ym{ZH$ CnMmam| H$m A{YH$ma - AZwÀN>oX 32 Ho$ X²dmam g§{dYmZ X²dmam àXÎm _yb A{YH$mam| H$memgZ X²dmam Cëb§KZ {H$E OmZo na àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 32 Ho$ A§VJ©V AnZo _m¡{bH$A{YH$mam| H$s ajm H$m A{YH$ma {_bm h¡Ÿ& _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$s ajm Ho$ {bE Ý`m`mb` X²dmam nm±M àH$ma Ho$ boIOmar {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ-

1) ~§Xr àË`jrH$aU boI (Right of Habeas Corpus)

2) nam_ Xoe boI (Rigth of Modamus)

3) à{V~X²Y boI (Right of Prohibition)

4) CËàojU boI (Right of Ceertorari)

5) A{YH$ma àkm boI (Right of Quo Warranto)


_yb A{YH$mam| H$m _hÎd -_yb A{YH$mam| H$m _hÎd -_yb A{YH$mam| H$m _hÎd -_yb A{YH$mam| H$m _hÎd -_yb A{YH$mam| H$m _hÎd -

1. _yb A{YH$ma CZ n[apñW{V`m| H$m {Z_m©U H$aVo h¢, {OZHo$ AmYma na ~hþ_V H$s BÀN>m {Z{_©V Am¡a{H«$`mpÝdV hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

2. _yc A{YH$ma Xoe Ho$ amOZ¡{VH$ OrdZ Xb {deof H$s VmZmemhr ñWm{nV hmoZo go amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

3. _yb A{YH$ma ì`pŠV ñdmV§Í` Am¡a gm_m{OH$ {Z §ÌU Ho$ ~rM C{MV gm_§Oñ` ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

4. lr. Or. EZ. Omoer Ho$ AZwgma EH$ ñdV§Ì àOmV§ÌmË_H$ Xoe _| _yb A{YH$ma amOZr{VH$, gm_m{OH$Am¡a Am{W©H$ OrdZ Ho$ à^mdXm`H$ Cn`moJ Ho$ EH$_mÌ gmYZ h¢Ÿ& àOmV§ÌmË_H$ {gX²Ym§V bmJy hmoZo hoVwBZ A{YH$mam| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

5. ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ _yb A{YH$ma _mZdr` ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ _mnX§S> Am¡a g§ajH$ h¢Ÿ& Bg H$maU CZH$m AnZm_Zmod¡km{ZH$ _hÎd h¡Ÿ&

g§{dYmZ _| _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$s {dñVma go ì`m»`m H$s JB© h¡Ÿ& o g^r A{YH$ma Ý`m`mo{MV h¡Ÿ& BZH$m_hËËd H$mZyZr h¡Ÿ& BZ A{YH$mam| H$m g§~§Y grYm ZmJ[aH$m| go h¡Ÿ& BZH$m Cn^moJ _`m©Xm _| {H$`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ&Ymam 21 Am¡a 22 N>moS>H$a amîQ>n{V _hmoX` X²dmam {d{eîQ> n[apñW{V _| BZ A{YH$mam| H$mo ñW{J{V Xr Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

7.3.27.3.27.3.27.3.27.3.2 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm gyMZm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm gyMZm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm gyMZm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm gyMZm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm gyMZm{YH$ma :

X amBQ> Qy> BZ\$ma_oeZ EŠQ> - 2005X amBQ> Qy> BZ\$ma_oeZ EŠQ> - 2005X amBQ> Qy> BZ\$ma_oeZ EŠQ> - 2005X amBQ> Qy> BZ\$ma_oeZ EŠQ> - 2005X amBQ> Qy> BZ\$ma_oeZ EŠQ> - 2005 AWdm gyMZm àmßV H$aZo g§~§Yr A{Y{Z`_ g§Mma OJV² _|wJmÝVH$mar XñVH$ h¡Ÿ& ^maVr` g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| - bmoH$g^m Am¡a amÁ`g^m Zo _B© 2005 _| `h A{Y{Z`_

nm[aV {H$`m, {Og_| Xoe Ho$ gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo Hw$N> gaH$mar {d^mJm| H$mo N>moS>H$a AÝ` g^r {d^mJm| go AnZoAWdm gmd©O{ZH$ {hV _| {H$gr ^r gyMZm H$mo àmßV H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma àXmZ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& Bg A{Y{Z`_ H$mo ^maVHo$ amîQ>n{V Zo 15 OyZ 2005 H$mo AnZr ñdrH¥${V Xo Xr Am¡a h A{Y{Z`_ Ho$db Oå_y Am¡a H$í_ra amÁ` H$mo N>moS>H$aXoe Ho$ àË oH$ amÁ` _| bmJy H$a {X`m J`mŸ&

Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AZwgma Xoe H$m H$moB© ^r gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$ gaH$ma VWm gaH$mar {d^mJm| go OZ{hVAWdm ñd{hV _| H$moB© r gyMZm EH$ {ZpíMV ewëH$ O_m H$aHo$ àmßV H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& A~ {H$gr r ZmJ[aH$ H$mo hA{YH$ma hmoJm {H$ dh {H$gr gmd©O{ZH$ {Z_m©U H$s Om±M naI _m¡Ho$ na OmH$a H$ao VWm CgH$s JwUdÎmm Am{X Ho$g§~§Y _| ^r OmZH$mar àmßV H$aoŸ& {d{YdV _m±Jr JB© gyMZm XoZo go B§H$ma H$aZo AWdm {db§~ go XoZo _| é.250/-à{V{XZ Ho$ {hgm~ go Am{W©H$ X§S> ^r XoZm nS> gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

^maVr` g§gX Zo nyd©dVu The Freedom of Information Act - 2002 H$mo {ZañV H$aHo$ CgHo$ñWmZ na The Right to Information Act - 2005 H$mo bmJy {H$`m h¡Ÿ& Bg A{Y{Z`_ _| 6 AÜ`m` VWm 31YmamE± h¢Ÿ&


AÜ`m` EH$ _| Xmo YmamE± h¢Ÿ& Ymam EH$ Ho$ A§VJ©V A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ joÌ Am¡a BgHo$ bmJy hmoZo Ho$ g_` H$mCëboI h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ àmdYmZm| Ho$ AZwgma A{Y{Z`_ H$s bJ^J Zm¡ YmamE± Vwa§V à^mdr hmo JB©, O~{H$ AÝ` 21YmamE± A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ nm[aV hmoZo Ho$ 120 {XZm| Ho$ níMmV² AWm©V 12 AŠVy~a 2005 go bmJy _mZr OmEJrŸ& Ymam Xmo_| bJ^J Voah _hÎdnyU© eãXm| H$mo n[a^m{fV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

AÜ`m` Xmo _| Zm¡ YmamE± h¢Ÿ& Ymam Mma Ho$ AZwgma àË oH$ bmoH$ godH$ Ho$ {bE ~mÜ`Vm h¡ {H$ dh AnZoH$m`m©b` go g§~§{YV g_ñV A{^boIm| H$mo H«$_~X²Y ê$n go XwéñV aI| Am¡a A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ bmJy hmoZo Ho$ 120 {XZm| Ho$^rVa AnZo H$m © g§~§Yr g_ñV gyMZmE± VWm H$m © àUmbr H$m {dñV¥V ã`m¡am ~¥hX² ñVa na àH$m{eV H$aoŸ& Ymamnm±M Ho$ AZwgma Bgr Ad{Y _| Amdí`H$VmZwgma Central Public Information Officer `m State Public

Information Officer H$s {Z wpŠV H$a|Ÿ& Ymam N>: Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì`pŠV {~Zm {d{eîQ> H$maUm| H$m CëboI{H$E {H$gr {d^mJ go OmZH$mar àmßV H$aZo hoVw {b{IV àmW©Zm nÌ qhXr, A§J«oOr AWdm amÁ` H$s ñWmZr` ^mfm _|§{ZYm©[aV ewëH$ Ho$ gmW àñVwV H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& A{Y{Z`_ H$s Ymam gmV {ZX}{eV H$aVr h¡ {H$ gyMZm àmßV H$aZo hoVw{XE JE g_ñV àmW©Zm nÌm| H$mo A{YH$V_ Vrg {XZm| H$s Ad{Y _| {ZñVm[aV H$a {X`m OmZm Mm{hE AWdm àmW©ZmnÌ _| H$moB© H$_r ah JB© hmo, Vmo CgH$s gyMZm ^r Xo Xr OmZr Mm{hEŸ& àmW©Zm nÌ H$s AñdrH¥${V Ho$ H$maUm| H$mCëboI ^r Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& àmW©Zm nÌ H$mJO na {bIH$a AWdm BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_ go ^r {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& `{XgyMZm {H$gr ì`pŠV Ho$ OrdZ `m CgH$s ñdV§ÌVm go g§~§{YV h¡,Vmo dh A{YH$V_² 48 K§Q>o _| ào{fV H$s OmZrMm{hEŸ&

Ymam AmR> Ho$ A§VJ©V Xg AndmXm| H$m dU©Z h¡Ÿ& H$moB© ^r gaH$mar A{YH$mar `m H$m`m©b` Eogr gyMZmàXmZ Zht H$aoJm, {OgH$mo XoZo go Xoe Ho$ gmd© m¡{_H$ ñdê$n Am¡a CgH$s AI§S>Vm H$mo IVam n¡Xm hmo, Omo {H$grÝ`m`mb` AWdm {H$gr A{YH$aU X²dmam {Z{fX²Y hmo, {OgH$mo XoZo go bmoH$g^m AWdm {dYmZ _§S>b Ho$ {H$gr gXZHo$ {deofm{YH$ma H$m Cëb§KZ hmoVm hmo, {OgHo$ XoZo go H$moB© Om±M ~m{YV hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ AÝ` Jm¡UH$maUm| H$m CëboI Bg Ymam _| {_bVm h¡, {OgHo$ AmYma na gyMZm Z XoZm AnamY Zht hmoJmŸ&

AÜ`m` VrZ _| Central Information Commission Ho$ JR>Z H$s g§nyU© à{H«$`m H$m dU©Z h¡Ÿ& BgH$_reZ _| EH$ Chief Information Commissioner VWm A{YH$V_ Xg Central Information

Commissioners gXñ` hm|JoŸ& BZ XmoZm| A{YH$m[a`m| H$m _ZmoZ`Z EH$ CÀMñVar` H${_Q>r H$aoJrŸ& Bg H${_Q>rH$m AÜ`j maV H$m àYmZ_§Ìr, bmoH$g^m _| {damoYr Xb H$m ZoVm VWm àYmZ_§Ìr X²dmam Zm{_V EH$ H¡${~ZoQ> ñVaH$m _§Ìr hmoJmŸ&

AÜ`m` Mma _| 15 go 17 VH$ VrZ YmamE± h¢Ÿ& BZHo$ àmdYmZm| Ho$ AZwê$n Information Commission

H$m JR>Z hmo gHo$JmŸ&

AÜ`m` nm±M _| 18 go boH$a 20 VH$ YmamE± h¢, {OZ_§o Information Commission Ho$ A{YH$ma Am¡aepŠV`m|, CgHo$ X²dmam {XE àmW©Zm nÌm| Ho$ g§~§Y _| {ZU© m| Ho$ {déX²Y Anrb VWm Xmofr ì`pŠV H$mo X§{S>V {H$E OmZoH$s à{H«$`mAm| H$m CëboI h¡Ÿ&


AÜ`m` N>: _| 21 go 31 VH$ YmamE± {Z{hV h¢Ÿ& Ymam 23 Ho$ AZwgma Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ A§VJ©V {XE JE{ZU© m| Ho$ {déX²Y Ý`m`mb` OmZo na à{V~§Y h¡Ÿ& AÝ` YmamE± A{Y{Z`_ H$mo bmJy {H$E OmZo g§~§Yr à{H«$`mAm| gog§~§{YV h¢Ÿ&

{ZpíMV ê$n go "gyMZm{YH$ma' H$s AnZr Hw$N> gr_mE± Am¡a CnbpãY`m± ^r h¢Ÿ& Omo ^r hmo, H$_ go H$_`h {~b bm`m Vmo J`m h¡Ÿ& g_` Ho$ gmW Bg_| n[adV©Z H$s g§ mdZmE± hmoJtŸ& gyMZm{YH$ma Ho$ H$maU {df` {deofna gmd©O{ZH$ ê$n go MMm© H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& `h MMm© gmd©O{ZH$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU AW©nyU© Ed§ ñVar` hmoJrŸ&gaH$ma gj_Vm Ho$ gmW H$mamo~ma H$aoJrŸ& OZH$ë`mU H$s `moOZmE± H$m`m©pÝdV hmoJr§Ÿ&

7.3.37.3.37.3.37.3.37.3.3 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _mZdm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _mZdm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _mZdm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _mZdm{YH$ma :^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _mZdm{YH$ma :

X²{dVr` {díd wX²Y Ho$ níMmV² {díd _| hþB© _Zwî` hm{Z Ed§ {dÎmhm{Z Ho$ _X²XoZOa {díd ñVa na Eogog§JR>Z H$s Amdí`H$Vm _hgyg hmoZo bJr, Omo nyao {díd _| em§{V Ed§ ^mB©Mmao H$s ^mdZm {Z_m©U H$a|, Cg_| d¥X²{YH$a|Ÿ& X²{dVr` {díd wX²Y Ho$ ^ §H$a Xwîn[aUm_m| Ho$ \$bñdê$n g§gma _| em§{V ~ZmE aIZo hoVw "g§ wŠV amîQ´> g§K'"g§ wŠV amîQ´> g§K'"g§ wŠV amîQ´> g§K'"g§ wŠV amîQ´> g§K'"g§ wŠV amîQ´> g§K'H$s {Z{_©{V hþB©Ÿ& `h {dídñVa H$m g§JR>Z h¡, {Ogo " yZmo'" yZmo'" yZmo'" yZmo'" yZmo' H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& 10 {Xg§~a 1948 _| yZmo Zo {díd_mZdm{YH$ma H$m OmJ{VH$ àñVmd nm[aV {H$`mŸ& yZmo H$s `h ~hþV ~S>r CnbpãY h¡Ÿ& {díd Ho$ ha ì`pŠV H$moBÝgmZ Ho$ ê$n _| Hw$N> A{YH$ma àmßV hmo, Bg ÑpîQ> go `h KmofUm H$s JB© h¡Ÿ& ì`pŠVJV gwajm, «_U, Amdmg,ñdmV§Í`, H$m_ H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma, {ejm J«hU H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma, A{^ì`pŠV ñdmV§Í`, CnmgZm ñdmV§Í`, g§n{ÎmH$m A{YH$ma Am{X H$B© A{YH$mam| H$m g_mdoe Bg_| {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

ha BÝgmZ H$mo g_mZ A{YH$ma àmßV hmo, nwéfm| Ho$ gmW _{hbmAm| H$mo ^r amOZr{VH$ A{YH$ma hmo Am¡a~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg na {deof Ü`mZ XoZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm yZmo Zo AZw d H$sŸ& _mZdm{YH$ma H$s g§H$ënZm ì`pŠV H$sà{VîR>m na AmYm[aV h¡, ^mB©Mmao na AmYm[aV h¡Ÿ& gm_mÝ` bmoJm| H$mo _mZdm{YH$ma Ho$ à{V gMoV H$aZo Ho$ {bEemgH$s` Ed§ AemgH$s` ñVa na AbJ-AbJ g§JR>Z H$m ©aV h¢&

^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AÜ`m` VrZ _| Ymam 12 go 35 VH$ _mZdm{YH$ma H$m {dñVma go {ddoMZ {H$`m J`mh¡Ÿ& {díd _mZdm{YH$ma KmofUmnÌ _| r Hw$b {_bmH$a 30 _m_bm| _| _mZdm{YH$ma, g_mZVm Ed§ AmË_gå_mZ H$sajm Ho$ gyÌm| H$m {ddoMZ h¡Ÿ&

_hÎdnyU© _mZdm{YH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| gwajm, ñdV§ÌVm Ed§ gå_mZ Ho$ gmW OrZo H$m A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ& g{V àWm,Nw>AmNy>V Am{X KmVH$ ê${T>`m|, Ho$ednZ, _{hbmAm| H$mo {ejm go Xya aIZm O¡gr Hw$àWmAm| H$mo ZîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bEH$mZyZ Ho$ gmW gmW g_mO à~moYZ na ^r ~b {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

g§ wŠV amîQ>g§K H$s gZX Ymam 1 _| _mZdm{YH$ma Ho$ {bE {díd ghm`Vm H$s Anojm ì`ŠV H$s JB© h¡Ÿ&d§e, Y_©, ^mfm, qbJ Ho$ AmYma na _V oXm| H$mo ZîQ> H$a _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma àXmZ H$aZm yZmo H$s ñWmnZm H$mCX²Xoí` h¡Ÿ& _mZdm{YH$ma H$s ajm Ed§ CZH$m g_W©Z H$aZo dmbm {díd H$m `h nhbm g§JR>Z h¡Ÿ& nyam {díd_mZdm{YH$ma Ho$ à{V AnZr AmñWm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡Ÿ& na h_ XoIVo h¢ {H$ àË oH$ amîQ> _| haamoO H$ht Zm H$ht_mZdm{YH$ma Ho$ Cëb§KZ H$s KQ>ZmE± K{Q>V hmoVr h¢&


^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| g§emoYZ H$a AZwgy{MV Om{V`m|, OZOm{V`m|, {nN>S>r Om{V`m| Ed§ Aëng§» §H$m| Ho${bE Omo {deof gw{dYmE± Xr h¢, do _mZdm{YH$ma H$m gw§Xa CXmhaU h¡Ÿ& ha joÌ _|, Mmho {ejm hmo m amoOJma, BZHo${bE {deof AmajU aIm J`m h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ nrN>o CX²Xoí` BVZm hr h¡ {H$ g_mO _| ì`mßV Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$,amOZr{VH$ Ed§ ha àH$ma H$s {df_Vm ZîQ> hmoŸ& _mZdm{YH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| {H$E JE o {ZU© g_mO Ho$ ñdñW {dH$mgHo$ {bE Amdí`H$ h¢Ÿ&

{Og Xoe _| _mZdm{YH$mam| H$s ajm Mmho Omo H$s_V MwH$mH$a H$s OmVr h¡, _mZ br{OE dh Xoe Am¡a dhm±Ho$ bmoJm| H$m {dH$mg g§ d h¡Ÿ& g_mO Ho$ X~o hþE dJ© H$mo `m X~mE JE dJ© H$mo AnZo {dH$mg H$m amñVm VbmeZo _|_XX H$aZm _mZdm{YH$mam| H$s ajm H$aZm h¡ Am¡a Ohm± _mZdm{YH$mam| H$s ajm h¡, dhm± em§{V, mB©Mmam Ed§ {dH$mgh¡Ÿ& {Og Xoe _| ì`pŠV Ho$ ApñVËd H$m àíZ {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡, dhm± _mZdm{YH$ma na àíZ{Mh²Z-gm bJ OmVm h¡Ÿ&

ha _Zwî` H$mo AnZr BÀN>m Ho$ AZwgma OrdZ OrZo H$m ~w{Z`mXr A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ& ha àH$ma H$m emofU g_mßVhmoZm Mm{hEŸ& _mZdm{YH$ma H$m `hr A{^àm` h¡Ÿ& _mZdm{YH$madmXr Ohm± H$ht _mZdr` A{YH$mam| H$m Cëb§KZXoIVo h¢, dhm± do Om±M nS>Vmc H$a g§~§{YV ì`pŠV H$mo Ý`m` XoZo H$m à`mg H$aVo h¢Ÿ& nr{S>V bmoJm| H$mo AmV§H$ Ho$dmVmdaU _| {~Zm {H$gr A{YH$mam| Ho$ ahZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& à{VdmX H$aZo H$m à`mg hmoVm h¡, Vmo Cgo g_mßV hr {H$`mOmVm h¡Ÿ& H$B© àH$mam| go _mZdm{YH$ma H$m Cëb§KZ hmoVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& {dewX²Y _mZdVm Ho$ ^md go ào[aV hmoH$a_mZdm{YH$ma H$s ajm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

7.3.47.3.47.3.47.3.47.3.4 _wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm> :_wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm> :_wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm> :_wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm> :_wŠV àog H$s AdYmaUm> :

gaH$ma {H$gr ^r VarHo$ go ~Zr hmo, Cg_| àog H$s y{_H$m {Z:g§Xoh ~hþV _hÎdnyU© h¡Ÿ& VmZmemhrgaH$ma| r {H$gr Z {H$gr Vah Ho$ bmoH$-g_W©Z Ho$ {~Zm Zht Mb nmVr§Ÿ& maV _| àog H$m _yb yV Xm{`Ëd r dhrh¡, Omo Xygao Xoem| _| hmoVm h¡Ÿ& I~a| XoZm, Xoe Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© OmZH$mar H$mo Am_ bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmZm, {~Iar hþB©I~am| H$mo Bg T>§J go g_rjmnyd©H$ àñVwV H$aZm {H$ bmoJm| H$mo BgH$m dmñV{dH$ _hÎd _mby_ hmo Am¡a OZVm H$s gmoMH$mo {Xem XoZm Am{X àog H$s _yb yV {Oå_oXm[a`m± h¢&

bmoH$V§Ì _| àog H$s AmOmXr H$m ñd §{gX²Y _hÎd `h h¡ {H$ Bggo emgH$ dJ© H$mo g^r VÏ`m| H$m nVmbJVm ahVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ {bE A{Zdm © O¡gm hr h¡Ÿ& VÏ`m| H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo H$s hr Zht, CZH$s g_rjm H$aZoH$s, gaH$ma H$mo H$V©ì`mH$V©ì` H$s gbmh XoZo H$s AmOmXr r àog H$mo hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& bmoH$V§Ì _| àog H$s AmOmXr H$moboH$a Xmo gdmb CR>Vo h¢, nhbm h {H$ h AmOmXr {H$gHo$ {bE h¡? Am¡a Xygam h {H$ Bg AmOmXr H$mo IVam H$hm±go h¡?

AmO H$s gÀMmB© `h h¡ {H$ àog H$s AmOmXr H$m _Vb~ _m{bH$ H$s AmOmXr go h¡Ÿ& Xygao àíZ H$m R>rH$ `mJbV na ghO CÎma {X`m OmVm h¡ {H$ "gaH$ma go'Ÿ&

^maV _| My±{H$ gaH$ma Ho$ nmg ~hþV A{YH$ epŠV h¡, Bg{bE CgHo$ nmg àog H$s AmOmXr H$mo à^m{dVH$aZo H$m ~hþV Adga ^r ahVm h¡Ÿ& {g\©$ gaH$ma hr Š`m|, IwX AI~ma H$m _m{bH$ àog H$s ñdV§ÌVm H$m hZZ H$agH$Vm h¡Ÿ& àog, Q>obr{dOZ Am¡a ao{S>`mo h_mao Xoe _| gyMZm Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ g~go ~S>o g§dmhH$ h¢&


BZ epŠVembr gmYZm| H$m Cn`moJ bmoJm| H$mo OmJ¥V H$aZo, CÝh| OmZH$mar XoZo, bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ ê$n _|CÝh| {e{jV Am¡a g{H«$` H$aZo, Adga H$s g_mZVm gw{ZpíMV H$aZo, amîQ>r` _yë`m| H$s {h\$mOV H$aZo, {d{dYVm_| EH$Vm H$s ajm H$aZo VWm ñdrH¥$V amîQ>r` bú`m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo ~T>mdm XoZo Ho$ {bE {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

àog H$s AmOmXr amOZr{VH$ ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ {bE A{Zdm © h¡Ÿ& Ohm± bmoJ Iwb H$a EH$ Xygao H$mo AnZo {dMmam|H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ Zht H$a gH$Vo, dhm± H$moB© r AmOmXr gwa{jV Zht h¡Ÿ& nw{bËOanw{bËOanw{bËOanw{bËOanw{bËOa Ho$ _VmZwgma VÏ`m| H$m àH$meZàog H$m _w»` H$m © h¡Ÿ& do H$hVo h¢, AnamY hmo `m N>bH$nQ>, YmoImYS>r hmo `m H$moB© KmoQ>mbm hmo, CÝh| gm_Zo bmAmoŸ&àog _| CZH$m ã`m¡am Xmo, CZ na àhma H$amo, CZ na H$Q>mj H$amoŸ& EH$ ñdV§Ì g_mO _| àog H$s A{Zdm © y{_H$m H$m{ZMmoS> `hr h¡Ÿ& _moQ>o Vm¡a na ^maV _| àog Zo Bg y{_H$m H$m {Zdm©h R>rH$ go {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

AmnmVH$mb Ho$ ~mX H$s Ad{Y _| "ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm' H$m Xm¡a ewê$ hþAm, Ohm± nÌH$ma {H$gr ImoOnyU©g_mMma H$Wm H$m nrN>m H$aVo hþE g~Hw$N> Xm§d na bJmZo H$mo V¡ ma h¡Ÿ& Hw±$Am Vob gm¡Xo H$s g_mMma H$Wm ("B§{S>`ZEŠgàog' _| Aê$U em¡ar X²dmam), _Ü` àXoe, CÎma àXoe Am¡a amOñWmZ Ho$ ~‹S>o BbmH$m| _| bS>{H$`m| Ho$ AZ¡{VH$ì`mnma g§~§Y _| g_mMma H$Wm ("B§{S>`Z EŠgàog' _| ApídZr garZ X²dmam), Am{X maVr` g_mO H$s A§YH$ma_`~mVm| H$mo àH$me _| bmZo Ho$ {bE maVr` àog X²dmam MbmE Om aho OohmX Ho$ Hw$N> CXmhaUm| _| go h¡Ÿ& h V^r g§ dh¡, O~ àog ha ÑpîQ> go ñdV§Ì hmoŸ&

àog H$s AmOmXr H$mo EH$ ~S>m IVam gaH$ma go h¡Ÿ& OZVm gaH$ma Zo AJñV 1977 _| 85 n¥îR>m| H$m EH$ídoV nÌ àH$m{eV {H$`m Wm, {Og_| {nN>br gaH$ma X²dmam àog H$m _w±h ~§X H$aZo Ho$ e_©ZmH$ à`mg H$m ã`m¡aodma{ddaU {X`m J`m WmŸ& AmO maV _| àog H$mo CÀM gå_mZ àmßV h¡ Am¡a Bgo bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ àUmbr H$s EH$ epŠVembr

wOm Ho$ ê$n _| gd©ì`mnr _mÝ`Vm àmßV h¡Ÿ&

àog H$s AmOmXr _| XIb Ho$ {bE gaH$ma Ho$ nmg H$B© VarHo$ h¢Ÿ& O¡go Am{W©H$ X~md, {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$g§ajU, AI~mar H$mJO na {Z §ÌU, AZwXmZ Am¡a àog g§dmXXmVmAm| Ho$ {dXoer Xm¡am| Ho$ {bE YZ OwQ>mZmŸ& AV:O~ VH$ àog Am{W©H$ Am¡a {dÎmr` ÑpîQ> go gwÑT> Zht hmoVr, dh ghr _m`Zo _| ñdV§Ì Zht hmo gH$VrŸ& AI~ma OJV²_| à{VñnYm© H$s pñW{V ~Zr ahZo _| hr àog H$s AmOmXr H$m gmaVËd h¡Ÿ&

7.3.57.3.57.3.57.3.57.3.5 àgma ^maVr :àgma ^maVr :àgma ^maVr :àgma ^maVr :àgma ^maVr :

EH$ b§~o g_` go "AmH$medmUr' Am¡a "XyaXe©Z' H$s N>{d gwYmaZo, CÝh| gaH$mar Am¡a Zm¡H$aemhr Ho${Z §ÌU go _wŠV H$aZo VWm CÝh| JwUdÎmmnyd©H$ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm àXmZ H$aZo na gaH$mar VWm J¡a gaH$mar_§Mm| na MMm© hmoVr ahr h¡Ÿ& Bg g§~§Y _| J{R>V M§Ðm g{_{VM§Ðm g{_{VM§Ðm g{_{VM§Ðm g{_{VM§Ðm g{_{V Zo AnZr [anmoQ>© gaH$ma Ho$ g_j df© 1966 _| àñVwVH$s WrŸ& qH$Vw VËH$mbrZ gaH$ma Zo Bg [anmoQ>© na H$moB© H$m ©dmhr Zht H$sŸ& Bgr ~rM AmnmVH$mb H$s KmofUm hmoOmZo go Bg g{_{V H$s [anmoQ>© H$mo R>§S>o ~ñVo _| S>mb {X`m J`mŸ& df© 1976 _| dJuO g{_{VdJuO g{_{VdJuO g{_{VdJuO g{_{VdJuO g{_{V Zo ^r XyaXe©Z Am¡aAmH$medmUr H$s ñdm`ÎmVm Ho$ g~§Y _| AnZr [anmoQ>© àñVwV H$s WrŸ& BZ XmoZm| g{_{V`m| H$s AZwe§gm Ho$ AmYma naOZVm nmQ>u H$s gaH$ma Zo df© 1979 _| "àgma-^maVr'"àgma-^maVr'"àgma-^maVr'"àgma-^maVr'"àgma-^maVr' {dYo H$ bmoH$g^m _| àñVwV {H$`m, qH$Vw AMmZH$ gÎmmn[adV©Z Ho$ H$maU {dYo H$ nmg Z hmo gH$mŸ& `hr {dYo H$ Xg df© níMmV² 1989 _| g§gX _| {\$a go àñVwV {H$`mJ`m Am¡a df© 1990 H$mo nyU© A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ ê$n _| g§gX X²dmam nm[aV H$a {X`m J`mŸ&


àgma ^maVr H$m ñdê$nàgma ^maVr H$m ñdê$nàgma ^maVr H$m ñdê$nàgma ^maVr H$m ñdê$nàgma ^maVr H$m ñdê$n - AmH$medmUr Am¡a XyaXe©Z H$mo ñdm`ÎmVm XoZo hoVw "àgma ^maVr' {dYo H$ Ho$A§VJ©V XyaXe©Z, AmH$medmUr Ho$ Xmo AbJ AbJ {d^mJ hm|Jo, {OgHo$ à~§Y Ho$ {bE EH$ {ZJ_ hmoJmŸ& {ZJ_ Ho$à~§YH$ Ho$ {bE Zm¡ gXñ`m| H$m EH$ {ZXoeH$ _§S>b hmoJm, {OgH$s {Z wpŠV amîQ>n{V EH$ g{_{V H$s AZwe§gm naH$a|JoŸ& {Z wpŠV g{_{V _| amÁ`g^m Ho$ g^mn{V, maVr` àog n[afX Ho$ AÜ`j VWm amîQ>n{V X²dmam Zm{_V EH${dMmaH$ hmoJmŸ& {dYo H$ _| "àgma n[afX' Ho$ JR>Z H$m àmdYmZ h¡, {Og_| EH$ AÜ`j Ho$ A{V[aŠV amîQ>n{VX²dmam _ZmoZrV Xg gXñ` hm|JoŸ& `h n[afX gw{ZpíMV H$aoJr {H$ "àgma ^maVr' {Z~m©Y gyMZm àmßV H$aZo Ho$ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$m Cëb§KZ Z H$ao Ed§ amîQ> H$s gm_m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{dYVm _| EH$Vm ~ZmE aIoŸ&"àgma ^maVr' Ho$ ~mao _| {eH$m`V gwZH$a Cgo Xya H$aZo H$s MoîQ>m ^r n[afX X²dmam hmoJrŸ& {dYo H$ _| àmdYmZ h¡{H$ "àgma ^maVr' {ZJ_ g§gX Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ^maV H$s OZVm Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm`r hmoJmŸ& {ZJ_ Xoe H$s EH$Vm,AI§S>Vm VWm g§{dYmZ _| {Z{hV bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ _yë`m| H$mo gdm}n[a aIH$a H$m © H$aoJmŸ& H|$Ð gaH$maH$mo amîQ>r` gwajm Am¡a H$mZyZ ì`dñWm Ho$ {hV _| g_`-g_` na àgmaU amoH$Zo Ho$ {ZX}e XoZo H$m A{YH$ma hmoJm,{OgH$s à{V g§gX _| aIZr hmoJrŸ&

{dYo H$ Ho$ AZwgma gaH$ma MmhVr h¡ {H$ "àgma ^maVr' {ZJ_ dmñV{dH$ ê$n _| ñdm`Îmemgr {ZH$m`hmo, Omo J{Verb, àm_m{UH$ Am¡a {dídgZr` hmoŸ& {dYo H$ Ho$ g§X © _| nyd© gyMZm àgmaU _§Ìr nr. Cn|Ð nr. Cn|Ð nr. Cn|Ð nr. Cn|Ð nr. Cn|Ð H$m H$WZh¡ {H$ ñdm`ÎmVm H$mo AZwemgZhrZVm H$m A{YH$ma nÌ Zht _mZZm Mm{hEŸ& Bggo Vmo BboŠQ>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m H$mogÎmmYm[a`m| Ed§ ~S>o CX² moJn{V`m| Ho$ M§Jwb go ~MmE aIm OmEJmŸ& dmñVd _| {ejm, g_mMma Am¡a _Zmoa§OZ BZVrZ cú`m| X²dmam bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ _yë`m| H$mo gdm}n[a ~ZmZm "àgma ^maVr' H$m bú` h¡Ÿ&

dJuO Am¡a nr. gr. Omoer Ho$ gwPmdm| Ho$ AZwê$n ~hþ mfr, ~hþjoÌr`, ~hþAm`m_r a§Jma§J OZ-OrdZ Ho$gnZm|, gamoH$mam| Am¡a gdmbm| go g§~X²Y "n«gma ^maVr' ^{dî` _| EH$ geŠV BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _r{S>`m Ho$ê$n _| g_mÑV hmoJrŸ& ñdm`ÎmVm EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU h¡, EH$ OrdZ _yë` h¡Ÿ& Bgo Z Vmo gaH$ma XoJr Am¡a ZVmo H$mZyZ go àmßV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bgo M[aÌVm Am¡a {Z © Vm go àmßV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

àgma ^maVr {ZJ_ H$s ñWmnZm Ho$ nrN>o gaH$mar _§em ñdV§Ì, {Zînj Am¡a dñVwJV H$m ©H«$_m| Ho$ àgmaUH$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZm h¡Ÿ& d¡go Vmo {ZJ_ H$mo nyU© A{YH$ma h¡ {H$ dh Xoe H$s AI§S>Vm ~ZmE aIZo VWm bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$_yë`m| H$s ajm H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go AnZo H$m ©H«$_ gw{ZpíMV H$a|Ÿ& Cgo H$m © H$aZo H$s nyar ñdV§ÌVm h¡, qH$VwAmdí`H$Vm nS>Zo na H|$X« gaH$ma amîQ>r` {hV _| {ZJ_ Ho$ H$m ©H«$_m| na nm~§Xr ^r bJm gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

7.3.67.3.67.3.67.3.67.3.6 gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s :gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s :gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s :gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s :gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s :

"gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s' gyMZm XoZo Am¡a boZo Ho$ {bE OwQ>mE JE `m Am{dîH$ma {H$E JE CnH$aUm| X²dmam{ZYm©[aV bú` H$mo àmßV H$aZo H$m CX² _ h¡Ÿ& gyMZm g§àofU Ho$ joÌ H$mo ~‹T>mZo H$m àma§{^H$ gmYZ g_mMma-nÌWoŸ& ~mX _| dh Xya^mf Vma Am¡a ~oVma Ho$ Vma Zm_H$ gmYZm| Ho$$ ê$n _| {dH${gV hþEŸ& BZ CnbpãY`m| H$mo gyMZmàm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ AmJo ~‹T>o hþE H«$m§{VH$mar MaU g_Pm J`m WmŸ&


"gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s' Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW g_mMma OJV² _| EH$ ZB© H«$m§{V H$m gyÌnmV hþAmŸ& {OZg_mMma g§H$bZ Ho$ {bE nyd© _| A{YH$ l_ Am¡a g_` ì`` hmoVm Wm, do g_mMma ghOVm go EH$ H$_ao _| ~¡R>H$aH$åß yQ>a ñH«$sZ AWdm gyMZm VH$ZrH$s Ho$ AÝ` _mÜ`_m| go àmßV {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& dñVwV: gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Zo"{díd-Jm±d' H$s H$ënZm H$mo gmH$ma H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ& h_ Xw{Z`m Ho$ XyañW joÌm| _|§ ~¡R>o ì`pŠV`m| go {ZVm§V d¡ pŠVH$g§dmX ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vo h¢, CZgo ~mVMrV H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ gOrd {MÌm| H$mo H$åß yQ>a m Q>r. dr. ñH«$sZ nahÿ~hÿ XoI gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

"gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s' Zo N>mnImZo H$s J{V, CgH$s j_Vm Am¡am JwUdÎmm _| AmemVrV d¥X²{Y H$s h¡Ÿ&dV©_mZ _| AZoH$ a§J Am¡a eoS> Ho$ {MÌm| H$m X¡{ZH$ g_mMma-nÌm| _| àH$meZ gyMZm n«m¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ {dH$mg H$m hrn[aUm_ h¡Ÿ& àm¡X² mo{JH$ {dH$mg Ho$ \$bñdê$n hr B©-~¢qH$J, Q>oZ Am¡a hdmB© OhmO Am{X _| B©-~wqH$J H$s gw{dYmàmßV hmo JB© h¡Ÿ& {dX² mb`m|, _hm{dX² mb`m|, gaH$mar Am¡a J¡a-gaH$mar à{VîR>mZm| _| àemgZ Am¡a CËnmXZ H$sg_ñV à{H«$`m àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ {dH${gV gmYZm| Ho$ X²dmam g§nÝZ hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& §Ìm| `m g§ §Ìm| H$m {S>OmBqZJ hmo `mdñÌm| H$m {S>OmBqZJ, g~Hw$N> H$åß yQ>a gmâQ>doAa Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&

AmH$me _| oOo JE ZE CnJ«hm| H$m g§MmbZ Am¡a CZH$mo {Xem {ZX}e XoZo VWm CZgo gyMZm àmßV H$aZo H$mH$m © ^r gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ {dH${gV _mÜ`_m| X²dmam hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& VmËn © `h {H$ gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ {dH$mgZo _mZd g_mO H$mo AZ§V AÝdo{fV g§ mdZmAm| H$s Amoa AmH¥$îQ> {H$`m h¡Ÿ& gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ à_wI _mÜ`_m| Ho$ê$n _| H$åß yQ>a, c¡nQ>m°n, B§Q>aZoQ>, _mo~mB©c \$moZ, do~gmBQ>, \¡$Šg Am{X h¢&



1. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwgma ^maV Ho$ àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo .......... _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma àmßV h¢&

H$) Mma I) N>:N>:N>:N>:N>: J) AmR> $ K) Xg

2. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 19 go 22 VH$ ........... A{YH$ma H$m {ddoMZ {_bVm h¡Ÿ&

H$) ñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVmñdV§ÌVm I) g_mZVm J) emofU Ho$ {déX²Y K) g§ñH¥${V Am¡a {ejm g§~§Yr

3. gyMZm àmßV H$aZo g§~§Yr A{Y{Z`_ H$mo ^maV Ho$ amîQ>n{V Zo ......... H$mo AnZr ñdrH¥${V XrŸ&

H$) 12 OyZ 2005 I) 13 OyZ 2005 J) 14 OyZ 2005 K)15 OyZ 200515 OyZ 200515 OyZ 200515 OyZ 200515 OyZ 2005

4. df© ............ _| dJuO g{_{V Zo XyaXe©Z Am¡a AmH$medmUr H$s ñdm`ÎmVm Ho$ g§~§Y _| AnZr [anmoQ>©àñVwV H$s WrŸ&

H$) 19761976197619761976 I) 1989 J) 1999 K) 1997

5. gyMZm g§àofU Ho$ joÌ H$mo ~‹T>mZo H$m àma§{^H$ gmYZ ........ WmŸ&

H$) ao{S>`mo I) XyaXe©Z J) g_mMma nÌg_mMma nÌg_mMma nÌg_mMma nÌg_mMma nÌ K) H$åß yQ>a


6. àog H$s AmOmXr ......... ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ {bE A{Zdm © h¡Ÿ&

H$) amOZr{VH$amOZr{VH$amOZr{VH$amOZr{VH$amOZr{VH$ I) Ym{_©H$ J) Am{W©H$ K) gm_m{OH$

7. àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| .......... ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd h¡Ÿ&

H$) àW_ I) X²{dVr` J) V¥Vr` K) MVwW©MVwW©MVwW©MVwW©MVwW©

8. AZwÀN>oX ........... Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì`pŠV {H$gr Xygao ì`pŠV H$m emofU Zht H$a gHo$JmŸ&

H$) 23 Am¡a 2423 Am¡a 2423 Am¡a 2423 Am¡a 2423 Am¡a 24 I) 25 go 28 J) 14 go 19 K) 19 go 22

9. _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$s ajm Ho$ {bE Ý`m`mb` X²dmam ........ àH$ma Ho$ boI Omar {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

H$) Mma I) nm±Mnm±Mnm±Mnm±Mnm±M J) AmR> K) Xg

10. ......... Ho$ H$maU {df` {deof na gmd©O{ZH$ én go MMm© H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

H$) _m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma I) _mZdm{YH$ma J) {deofm{YH$ma K) gyMZm{YH$magyMZm{YH$magyMZm{YH$magyMZm{YH$magyMZm{YH$ma


1. h_mao Xoe _| gyMZm Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ g~go ~S>o g§dmhH$ H$m¡Z h¢?

2. àog H$s AmOmXr H$mo EH$ ~S>m IVam {H$ggo h¡?

3. ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo H$m¡Zgo nm±M àH$ma H$s g_mZVmAm| H$m A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ?

4. The Right to Information Act - 2005 _| {H$VZo AÜ`m` h¢?

5. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AÜ`m` VrZ _| H$m¡Zgo A{YH$ma H$m {dñVma go {ddoMZ {H$`m J`m h¡?

6. àgma ^maVr {ZJ_ H$s ñWmnZm Ho$ nrN>o gaH$ma H$s _§em Š`m h¡?

7. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Zo H$m¡Zgr H$ënZm H$mo gmH$ma H$a {X`m h¡?

8. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ à_wI _mÜ`_ H$m¡Zgo h¢?

9. àmßV _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| X²dmam _mZd H$m¡Zgr Amdí`H$VmAm| H$mo nyU© H$aVm h¡?

10. H$m¡Zgr gaH$ma Zo àgma ^maVr {dYo H$ bmoH$g^m _| àñVwV {H$`m?

11. {H$gr ^r Xoe H$mo gwì`dpñWV ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgo VrZ ñV§ m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡?

12. yZmo Zo {díd _mZdm{YH$ma H$m OmJ{VH$ àñVmd H$~ nm[aV {H$`m?

13. àog H$s _yb yV {Oå_oXm[a`m± H$m¡Zgr h¢?

14. AmnmVH$mb Ho$ ~mX H$s Ad{Y _| H$m¡Zgr nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm¡a ewê$ hþAm?



g§d¡Ym{ZH$g§d¡Ym{ZH$g§d¡Ym{ZH$g§d¡Ym{ZH$g§d¡Ym{ZH$ : g§{dYmZ go g§~§Y aIZo dmbmŸ&

AdhobZmAdhobZmAdhobZmAdhobZmAdhobZm : {H$gr AmXoe, Amkm `m ì`pŠV H$s Amoa OmZ-~yPH$a C{MV Ü`mZ Z XoZmŸ&

A{^boIA{^boIA{^boIA{^boIA{^boI : {H$gr KQ>Zm, {df`, ì`pŠV Am{X go g§~§Y aIZo dmbr ~mV|, Omo {b{IV hmo Am¡aCgH$s n«_mU hmoŸ&

_ZmoZ`Z_ZmoZ`Z_ZmoZ`Z_ZmoZ`Z_ZmoZ`Z : AnZr BÀN>m, ê${M Ho$ AZwgma {H$gr H$mo MwZZm AWdm Zm_m§{H$V, {Z wŠV m à{VpîR>VH$aZmŸ&

AZwe§gmAZwe§gmAZwe§gmAZwe§gmAZwe§gm : {H$gr ì`pŠV `m àmW©Zm Am{X Ho$ g§~§Y _| `h H$hZm {H$ `h AÀN>m, Cn wŠV, J«møAWdm _mÝ` h¡Ÿ&


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1) N>: $ 2) ñdV§ÌVm 3) 15 OyZ 2005 4) 1976 5) g_mMma nÌ

6) amOZr{VH$ 7) MVwW© 8) 23 Am¡a 24 9) nm±M 10) gyMZm{YH$ma

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. àog, Q>obr{dOZ Am¡a ao{S>`mo h_mao Xoe _| gyMZm Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ g~go ~S>o g§dmhH$ h¢&

2. àog H$s AmOmXr H$mo EH$ ~S>m IVam gaH$ma go h¡Ÿ&

3. {d{Y Ho$ g_j g_mZVm, gm_m{OH$ g_mZVm, gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar Ho$ Adga _| g_mZVm, Añn¥í`Vm H$m{Z_y©bZ VWm Cnm{Y`m| H$m A§V BZ nm±M àH$ma H$s g_mZVmAm| H$m A{YH$ma ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo h¢Ÿ&

4. The Right to Information Act - 2005 _| N>: AÜ`m` h¢Ÿ&

5. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AÜ`m` VrZ _| _mZdm{YH$ma H$m {dñVma go {ddoMZ {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

6. àgma ^maVr {ZJ_ H$s ñWmnZm Ho$ nrN>o gaH$mar _§em ñdV§Ì, {Zînj Am¡a dñVwJV H$m ©H«$_m| Ho$ àgmaUH$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZm h¡Ÿ&

7. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Zo "{díd Jm±d' H$s H$ënZm H$mo gmH$ma H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ&

8. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ à_wI _mÜ`_ H$åß yQ>a, b¡nQ>mn, B§Q>aZoQ>, _mo~mB©b \$moZ, do~gmBQ>, \¡$Šg Am{Xh¢&

9. àmßV _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ H$maU _mZd AnZr Am{W©H$, Ym{_©H$, gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Amdí`H$VmAm|H$mo nyU© H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

10. OZVm nmQ>u H$s gaH$ma Zo df© 1979 _| "àgma ^maVr' {dYo H$ bmoH$g^m _| àñVwV {H$`mŸ&


11. {H$gr ^r Xoe H$mo gwì`dpñWV ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE H$m ©nm{bH$m, Ý`m`nm{bH$m Am¡a ì`dñWm{nH$m BZVrZ ñV§ m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

12. 10 {Xg§~a 1948 _| yZmo Zo {díd _mZdm{YH$ma H$m OmJ{VH$ àñVmd nm[aV {H$`mŸ&

13. I~a| XoZm, Xoe Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© OmZH$mar H$mo Am_ bmoJm| VH$ nhþ±MmZm, {~Iar hþB© I~am| H$mo Bg T>§Jgo g_rjmnyd©H$ àñVwV H$aZm {H$ bmoJm| H$mo BgH$m dmñV{dH$ _hÎd _mby_ hmo Am¡a OZVm H$s gmoM H$mo{Xem XoZm Am{X àog H$s _yb yV {Oå_oXm[a`m± h¢Ÿ&

14. AmnmVH$mb Ho$ ~mX H$s Ad{Y _| "ImoOr nÌH$m[aVm' H$m Xm¡a ewê$ hþAmŸ&


^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ {bE Omo A{YH$ma {XE h¢, CgHo$ AmYma na ^maVr`m| H$moAnZm {dH$mg H$aZm h¡Ÿ& AJa g§{dYmZ X²dmam àXÎm A{YH$mam| H$mo h_Zo BñVo_mb {H$`m, Vmo h_mam OrdZ gwIH$ahmo gH$Vm h¡, AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m hb Ty>±‹T>m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& AmO g^r àH$ma Ho$ A{YH$ma _r{S>`m _| MMm© H$m {df`~Z JE h¢Ÿ& gyMZm, àm¡X² mo{JH$s Zo àog H$mo _hmjoÌ go {ZH$mbH$a EH$ H$moZo _| g_oQ>H$a nhþ±Mm {X`m h¡Ÿ& gyMZmg§àofU Am¡a {dñVma Ho$ {bE _Zwî` Zo {OZ {d{Y`m| H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$`m, dhr gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Zm_ go OmZrJB©Ÿ& dñVwV: àm¡X² mo{JH$s gmYZm| H$mo {deof CnH$aUm| Ho$ ghmao AnZo gwb^ Cn`moJ _| bmZm EH$ H$m¡eb ^r h¡,H$bm ^r VWm {dkmZ ^rŸ& gmd©O{ZH$ àgmaU godm Ho$ ê$n _| ^maV gaH$ma Zo àgma ^maVr Zm_H$ CÀM Hw$b H$mg§JR>Z {H$`m h¡Ÿ& BgH$m _w»` CX²Xoí` bmoH$ g§nH©$ H$s Amoa n« mdr ê$n go Ü`mZ XoZm WmŸ& gmW hr AmH$medmUrVWm XyaXe©Z na g_mOmon`moJr, {ejmàX Am¡a M[aÌ {Z_m©U Ho$ {bE Cn wŠV H$m ©H«$_m| H$mo àñVwV H$aZm WmŸ&


1. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

2. gyMZm{YH$ma H$m gm_mÝ` n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

3. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| àXÎm _hÎdnyU© _mZdm{YH$mam| H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&

4. bmoH$V§Ì _| àog H$s AmOmXr H$m _hÎd g_PmBEŸ&

5. àgma ^maVr H$m gm_mÝ` n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

6. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ à_wI _mÜ`_m| H$m g§jon _| {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&


1. gyMZm àm¡X² mo{JH$s Ho$ à_wI _mÜ`_m| H$s OmZH$mar BH$Q>²>R>m H$s{OEŸ&

2. AmH$medmUr VWm XyaXe©Z Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| H$s |Q> H$s{OEŸ&



1. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ {gX²Ym§V - S>m°. a_oe M§Ð {ÌnmR>r

2. à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm - S>m°. {XZoe àgmX qgh

3. nÌH$m[aVm - g_ñ`m Am¡a g_mYmZ - S>m°. y. gr. JwßVm

4. OZg§Mma, OZg§nH©$ Ed§ {dkmnZ - S>m°. gwOmVm d_m©, Or. nr. d_m©

5. OZg§Mma Am¡a qhXr nÌH$m[aVm - S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar

6. nÌH$m[aVm Ed§ g§nmXZ H$bm - Zohm d_m©

7. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m ñdê$n - S>m°. y. gr. JwßVm

8. nÌH$m[aVm à{ejU Ed§ àog {d{Y - S>m°. gwOmVm d_m©

9. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm ñdê$n Ed§ g§X © - S>m°. {dZmoX JmoXao

10. _r{S>`m boIZ Am¡a g§nmXZ H$bm - S>m°. JmoqdX àgmX, AZwn_ nmÊS>o

-----•-----


BH$mB© - 8 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 8 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 8 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 8 I§S> (J)BH$mB© - 8 I§S> (J)

gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVmgyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm* àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ VWm AmMma g§{hVm,* àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ VWm AmMma g§{hVm,* àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ VWm AmMma g§{hVm,* àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ VWm AmMma g§{hVm,* àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ VWm AmMma g§{hVm,

àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`ËdàOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`ËdàOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`ËdàOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`ËdàOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd




8.3.1 àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ

8.3.2 àog g§~§Yr AmMma g§{hVm

8.3.3 àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`ËdŸ&









1. àog g§~§Yr {d{dY H$mZyZm| go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&

2. àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$m _hÎd g_P gH|$JoŸ&

3. nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE ~ZmB© JB© AmMma g§{hVm H$mo OmZ gH|$JoŸ&

4. g§ wŠV amîQ>g§K _| nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE AnZmB© JB© AmMma g§{hVm go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&

5. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ CX` go nyd© bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm Ho$ gwMmê$ ê$n go MbZo Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ VrZ ñV§ m| H$mn[aM` bo gH|$JoŸ&

6. MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd g_P gH|$JoŸ&



H$mZyZ Ohm± EH$ Amoa _`m©XmAm| H$mo pñWa H$aVm h¡, dhm± Xygar Amoa {ZfoY VWm à{V~§Y H$mo n[a^m{fV rH$aVm h¡Ÿ& Vrgar Amoa AnamY H$m ~moY H$amVm h¡, Mm¡Wo Cgo amoH$Wm_ H$s ì`dñWm àXmZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bggo nÌ-n{ÌH$mE± h_oem {Z §ÌU _| ahVr h¢Ÿ& maV Ho$ g§{dYmZ _| g^r ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo àog H$s AmOmXr H$s Jma§Q>r Xr JB© h¡Ÿ&qH$Vw Xoe H$s gwajm Ed§ EH$Vm Ho$ {hV _| Am¡a {dXoem| go g§~§Ym| VWm H$mZyZ Am¡a ì`dñWm, embrZVm Am¡a Z¡{VH$Vm`m AXmbV H$s Ad_mZZm, _mZhm{Z `m AnamY H$mo àmoËgmhZ Ho$ _m_bm| _| Bg A{YH$ma X²dmam A§Hw$e bJm`m OmgH$Vm h¡Ÿ& g§{dYmZ _| h r ì`dñWm h¡ {H$ H$moB© r ì`pŠV g§gX m amÁ`{dYmZ _§S>bm| H$s H$m ©dmhr H$mo ghr ‹T>§Jgo, {~Zm {H$gr àH$ma H$s XrdmZr m \$m¡OXmar H$m ©dmhr Ho$ ` go àH$m{eV H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& maV _| Bg g_` àogAm¡a àog H$s {d{^ÝZ J{V{d{Y`m| go g§~§{YV n« mdr H$mZyZ h¢Ÿ&

{H$gr ^r Xoe _| àog H$m ñdV§Ì hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡, qH$Vw ñdÀN>§XVm Amdí`H$ ZhtŸ& H$moB© ^r nÌ AWdmCgH$m à{V{Z{Y O¡go hr àmßV ñdV§ÌVm H$m Cëb§KZ H$aVm h¡, dh OZ{hV Am¡a Xoe{hV H$mo R>og nhþ±MmVm h¡Ÿ&Bg{bE nÌH$mam| hoVw AmMma g§{hVm H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& àOmV§Ì _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m {deof _hÎd h¡Ÿ& OZgodmH$m `h EH$ geŠV _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ& AnZo {dMma OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZo Ho$ {bE nÌH$m[aVm H$m ~S>m Cn`moJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&


8.3.18.3.18.3.18.3.18.3.1 àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ :àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ :àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ :àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ :àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ :

àog Ho$ H$mZyZ nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {deofm{YH$mam| H$m àmdYmZ H$aVo h¢ Am¡a CÝh| Hw$N> H$V©ì`m| Ho$ {bE~mÜ` ^r H$aVo h¢Ÿ& g_mO Ho$ gwMmê$ ê$n go g§MmbZ Ho$ {bE gaH$ma H$mo AZoH$ H$mZyZ ~ZmZo nS>Vo h¢Ÿ& àog Am¡anÌH$mam| Ho$ AmMaU H$mo g_mO H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AZwHy$c ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ H$mZyZ ~ZmE JE h¢Ÿ& CXmhaUHo$ Vm¡a na Am¡X² mo{JH$ {ddmX A{Y{Z`_ 1947 H$m bm^ g^r l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mo {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ& {H$gr nÌH$mago bJmVma Mma gßVmhm| H$s Ad{Y _| 144 K§Q>m| go A{YH$ H$m_ Zht {b`m Om gH$VmŸ& gaH$ma Zo doVZ ~moS>© H$sg§ñWmnZm A{Zdm © H$a Xr h¡Ÿ& `h ~moS>© g_` g_` na nÌH$mam| H$s _OXyar {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Ohm± VH$ ~§YZm|H$m {dMma {H$`m OmE, àog H$mo H$moB© Ny>Q> Zht Xr JB© h¡Ÿ& àog AJa {H$gr ñdmV§Í` H$m Xwê$n`moJ H$aVm h¡ AWdm AnZoH$V©ì`m| H$m {Zdm©h Zht H$aVm, Vmo Xoe Ho$ H$mZyZ Ho$ A§VJ©V Cgo ^r AnZr Jb{V`m| Ho$ {bE {ZYm©[aV X§S> wJVZmnS>oJmŸ&

^maV Ho$ g§{dYmZ _| g^r ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo àog H$s AmOmXr H$s Jma§Q>r Xr JB© h¡Ÿ& na§Vw Xoe H$s gwajm Am¡aEH$Vm Ho$ {hV _| Am¡a {dXoem| go g§~§Ym| VWm H$mZyZ Am¡a ì`dñWm, embrZVm Am¡a Z¡{VH$Vm `m AXmbV H$sAd_mZZm, _mZhm{Z `m AnamY H$mo n«moËgmhZ Ho$ _m_bm| _| Bg A{YH$ma na amÁ` X²dmam A§Hw$e bJm`m Om gH$Vmh¡Ÿ& CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb` go boH$a _w»` Ý`m`mb`m| H$mo AXmbV H$s Ad_mZZm H$aZo dmbm| H$mo X§S> XoZo H$m A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ&

g§nmXZ H$m © H$mo g§nÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àË oH$ g§nmXH$ H$mo H$mZyZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& Cgo h kmZhmoZm Mm{hE {H$ {H$gr gm_J«r H$mo {bIH$a `m àH$m{eV H$aHo$ {H$gr H$mZyZ H$m Cëb§KZ Z hmoŸ& g§{dYmZ H$sñWmnZm Ho$ ~mX maV _| nÌm| H$s pñW{V _| {deof n[adV©Z Am`m h¡Ÿ& àog H$mZyZ do {deof H$mZyZ h¢, Omo {H$gr _wX«U

(121) (121) (121) (121) (121)

g§ñWmZ `m _w{ÐV gm_J«r Ho$ _wÐU Am¡a àH$meZ go g§~X²Y ì`pŠV`m| na bmJy hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Omo H$mZyZ àog na bmJy hmoVoh¢, do Bg àH$ma h¢ -

1. _mZhm{Z1. _mZhm{Z1. _mZhm{Z1. _mZhm{Z1. _mZhm{Z - ^maVr` X§S> g§{hVm (1860) H$s Ymam 399 Ho$ AZwgma amîQ> Ho$ àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo AnZrB©_mZXmar, `e, à{gX²{Y, à{VîR>m, _mZ-gå_mZ Am{X H$mo gwa{jV aIZo H$m nyam A{YH$ma àmßV h¡Ÿ& Bg H$mZyZHo$ AZwgma Omo H$moB© `m Vmo ~mobo JE `m n‹T>o OmZo Ho$ Ame` go eãXm| `m g§Ho$Vm| `m Ñí` {ZénUm| X²dmam {H$gr ì`pŠVHo$ ~mao _| Bg Ame` go bm§N>Z bJmVm h¡ `m n«H$m{eV H$aVm h¡ {H$ Eogo bm§N>Z go ì`pŠV H$s »`m{V H$s Anhm{Z H$sOmE AWdm `h OmZVo hþE bm§N>Z bJmVm h¡ `m àH$m{eV H$aVm h¡ {H$ Eogo bm§N>Z go ì`pŠV H$s »`m{V H$s Anhm{ZhmoJr, BgHo$ ~mao _| H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ _mZhm{Z H$aZm h¡Ÿ&

AJa {H$gr ì`pŠV na H$moB© bm§N>Z bJm`m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cg Xmofr ì`pŠV na XrdmZr Am¡a \$m¡OXmar_wH$X_o MbmE Om gH$Vo h¢ VWm Xmo df© H$s gmYmaU H¡$X `m Ow_m©Zm `m XmoZm| gOmE Xr Om gH$Vr h¢& Bg{bEnÌH$mam| H$mo Bg _m_bo _| gMoV ahZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& Aà_m{UV VWm gwZr gwZmB© ~mVm| Ho$ AmYma na {H$gr na AmamonZht bJm`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ& ì`pŠV {deof na J§ ra Amjon, g§ñWm `m ì`pŠV Ho$ {déX²Y XwîàMma, {H$gr H$sB©_mZXmar AWdm ì`mdgm{`H$ j_VmAm| na g§Xoh, {H$gr H$s ~r_m[a`m|, {dH¥${V`m| `m Xmofm| H$s AZ{YH¥$V MMm©H$aZm, g_mMmam| H$mo gZgZrIoO ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE JbV erf©H$ XoZm, {H$gr dJ© {deof H$s Om{V m Y_© na {ZÝXmOZH${Q>ßnUr, _¥V ì`pŠV na Eogo Amjon bJmZm, {Oggo CgHo$ {ZH$Q> Ho$ [aíVoXmam| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo R>§og nhþ±Mo, ì`pŠV{deof Ho$ {MÌ AZwn wŠV ñWmZ na àH$m{eV H$aZm VWm {H$gr ì`pŠV H$m Zm_ JbV àH$m{eV H$aZm Bg loUr Ho$AnamYm| Ho$ A§VJ©V gpå_{bV hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

Hw$N> Eogr n[apñW{V`m± h¡§, {OZ_| nÌH$ma _mZhm{Z Ho$ Xmofm| go ~M gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& gmd©O{ZH$ {hV _| {H$grg§ñWm `m ì`pŠV Ho$ AmMaU na {Q>ßnUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| {ZOr ñdmW© `m ~Xbm boZo H$s ^mdZm Z hmoŸ&

nwñVH$ g_rjm, gm§ñH¥${VH$ g_mamohm| H$s g_rjm, àXe©{Z`m|, _obm|§ B. H$s g_rjm Am{X na AmbmoMZmË_H$ÑpîQ> go {bIZm Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ A§VJ©V Zht AmVmŸ&

Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ Hw$N> AndmX ^r h¢ -

1. {H$gr ì`pŠV Ho$ ~mao _| Eogr H$moB© ~mV H$hZm Omo gË` hmo Am¡a {X CgH$m àH$meZ gmd©O{ZH$ {hV _| hmo,Vmo dh _mZhm{Z Zht h¡Ÿ&

2. {H$gr gmd©O{ZH$ àíZ go g§~§{YV {H$gr ì`pŠV Ho$ M[aÌ na AJa gX² md go H$moB© am` àH$Q> H$s OmE,Omo CgHo$ M[aÌ go g§~§Y aIVr h¡, Vmo dh _mZhm{Z Zht h¡Ÿ&

3. {H$gr Ý`m`mb` H$s H$m ©dmhr H$s _ybV: gË` [anmoQ>© m Cg H$m ©dmhr H$m n[aUm_ àH$m{eV {H$`m OmE,Vmo o _mZhm{Z Zht h¡Ÿ&

4. `{X {H$gr boIH$ Zo AnZr H$moB© aMZm OZVm Ho$ {ZU© Ho$ {bE àH$Q> H$s h¡, Vmo Cg aMZm Ho$ JwU-Xmofm|AWdm Cg boI Ho$ M[aÌ Ho$ à{V Omo {H$ Cg aMZm _| àH$Q> hmoVm h¡, gX² md Ho$ gmW H$moB© _V àH$Q> H$aZm_mZhm{Z Zht h¡Ÿ&

gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (2)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (2)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (2)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (2)gyMZm{YH$ma Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm (2)


5. `{X {H$gr ì`pŠV Ho$ M[aÌ na A{^`moJ bJm`m OmE Am¡a dh A{^`moJ bJmZo dmbo ì`pŠV Ho$ {hVm| H$sajm Ho$ {bE, Xygao ì`pŠV Ho$ {hVm| H$s ajm Ho$ {bE `m gmd©O{ZH$ {hV H$s ajm Ho$ {bE bJm`m OmE, Vmodh _mZhm{Z Zht h¡Ÿ&

2. dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm2. dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm2. dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm2. dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm2. dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm :- ^maVr` g§{dYmZ ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| Ho$A§VJ©V dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm àXmZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& gZ² 1963 _| g§{dYmZ _| {H$E JE 16 do g§emoYZ Ho$AZwgma dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV na 7 _m_bm| _| à{V~§Y bmJy hmoVo h¢ - (1) amÁ` H$s gwajm, (2) {dXoer amÁ`m§o Ho$gmW {_ÌVm, (3) gmd©O{ZH$ ì`dñWm, (4) gXmMma Ed§ Z¡{VH$Vm, (5) Ý`m`mb` H$m An_mZ, (6) _mZhm{Z,(7) qhgm H$mo àmoËgmhZ Ÿ&

Ý`m`nm{bH$m Zo A{^ì`pŠV ñdmV§Í` VWm dmH²$ ñdmV§Í` H$mo h_mar ì`dñWm H$m AmYma yV A§J ñdrH$ma{H$`m h¡Ÿ& Bg A{YH$ma H$m _yb AW© h h¡ {H$ g_mO _| àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo OmZH$mar boZo, XoZo Am¡a AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moZH$mo àgm[aV H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ& gaH$ma X²dmam g_mMma-nÌm| Ho$ {bE g_mMma-nÌ H$mJO Ho$ Amd§Q>Z _|

oX^md ~aVZo `m n¥îR>m| Ho$ AZwgma nÌ H$s H$s_V aIZo H$s ~§{Xe bJmZo `m {dkmnZ XoZo _| {dMmaYmam Ho$ H$maUoX^md ~aVZo Am{X go A{^ì`pŠV ñdV§ÌVm ~m{YV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& dmH²$ ñdmV§Í` _| {ddoH$nyU© hñVjon H$aZo `m

à{V~§Y bJmZo H$s AZw_{V h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z H$m¡Zgm hñVjon `m à{V~§Y {ddoH$nyU© h¡, BgH$m {ZU© AÝVVmoJËdmgdm}ÀM Ý`m`mb` `m CÀM Ý`m`mb` hr H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& AmnmVH$mb Ho$ Xm¡amZ g§{dYmZ X²dmam àmßV A{^ì`pŠV H$sñdV§ÌVm Am¡a dmH²$ ñdV§ÌVm H$m A{YH$ma g_mßV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ nÌH$ma VWm g§nmXH$ H$mo Bg ~mVH$m nyam Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ dh AnZo H$m © _| dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ A{YH$ma H$m à`moJ Vmo{Z © hmoH$a H$ao; bo{H$Z à{V~§Ym| H$s gr_m H$mo Z bm§KoŸ&

3. g§gX VWm {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ho$ {deofm{YH$ma3. g§gX VWm {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ho$ {deofm{YH$ma3. g§gX VWm {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ho$ {deofm{YH$ma3. g§gX VWm {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ho$ {deofm{YH$ma3. g§gX VWm {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ho$ {deofm{YH$ma - g§gX VWm {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ho$ gXñ`m| H$mo {díd Ho$ àm`:g^r Xoem| _| Hw$N> {deofm{YH$ma àXmZ {H$E JE h¢Ÿ& ^maV _| o {deofm{YH$ma h_mar emgZ ì`dñWm _| gZ² 1833go {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n _| {dX² _mZ h¢Ÿ& ^maV gaH$ma A{Y{Z`_, 1919 Ho$ bmJy hmoZo na BZ {deofm{YH$mam| H$mod¡Ym{ZH$ _mÝ`Vm {_brŸ& Bg A{Y{Z`_ Zo ^maV _| g§gXr` {deofm{YH$mam| H$s Ztd aIrŸ& g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm|_| go {H$gr ^r gXZ H$s H$m ©dmhr Ho$ _yb ê$n Ho$ ghr àH$meZ H$aZo na, {H$gr ì`pŠV na Ý`m`mb` _| XrdmZr `m\$m¡OXmar _wH$X_m Zht Mbm`m Om gH$VmŸ& gXZ H$s H$m ©dmhr H$mo VmoS>-_amoS>H$a Cg na AZw{MV VWm qZXmOZH${Q>ßnUr H$aHo$ VWm g§gX H$s H$m ©dmhr go {ZH$mbr JB© ~mVm| H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo na {deofm{YH$ma hZZ H$m _m_bm~ZVm h¡Ÿ& {H$gr gXñ` na ì`pŠVJV X²dof Ho$ H$maU bJmE JE Amamon, CgHo$ AmMaU na X²dofnyU© {Q>ßnUr Am{X^r gXñ`m| Ho$ {deofm{YH$ma H$m hZZ h¡Ÿ&

^maV gaH$ma A{Y{Z`_, 1955 _| gXñ`m| H$mo gr{_V {deofm{YH$mam| H$m àmdYmZ {H$`m J`m h¡ -

1) gXZ _| A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm

2) emgH$s` H$m ©dmhr _| {H$gr ^r àH$meZ Ho$ {bE CÝ_wpŠV

3) gXZ AWdm CgH$s {H$gr ~¡R>H$ Ho$ Xm¡amZ VWm Cg_| 14 {XZ nyd© Am¡a ~mX VH$ {g{dc _m_bm| _|{JaâVmar go Ny>Q>Ÿ&


4. Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZVm4. Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZVm4. Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZVm4. Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZVm4. Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZVm - gZ² 1971 _| "Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZVm' H$m Z`m H$mZyZ nm[aV {H$`mJ`mŸ& h H$mZyZ AË §V ì`mnH$ h¡ VWm WmoS>r r AgmdYmZr g§nmXH$m| Am¡a nÌH$mam| H$mo _wgr~V _| S>mb gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&Ý`m` àUmbr H$s n{dÌVm Ed§ {dídgZr`Vm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE `h H$mZyZ ~Zm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Bg H$mZyZ Ho$AZwgma {ZåZ{b{IV n[apñW{V`m| _| H$moB© ì`pŠV Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZZm H$m Xmofr hmo gH$Vm h¡ -

1. AJa Ý`m`mb` Ho$ Ý`m`mYre na AZm¡{MË` Am¡a A`mo½`Vm H$m Amamon bJm`m OmE AWdm CZHo$ M[aÌ Ho$hZZ H$m à`mg {H$`m OmE, Vmo `h Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZZm h¡Ÿ&

2. Ý`m`nm{bH$m H$s à{VîR>m, J[a_m, A{YH$ma AWdm {ZînjVm na g§Xoh àH$Q> H$aZmŸ&

3. Ý`m`mb` _| {dMmamYrZ _m_bm| na Eogr {Q>ßnUr àH$m{eV H$aZm, {Oggo CZ _m_bm| Ho$ g§X © _| Am_OZVm «{_V hmo `m {H$gr nydm©J«h go J«ñV hmoŸ&

4. {dMmamYrZ _m_bm| _| g§~§{YV OO, njH$mam| VWm gm{j`m| H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo H$m à`mg H$aZm AWdmCZ na {H$gr àH$ma Ho$ Amjon bJmZmŸ&

5. Ý`m` àemgZ _| {H$gr àH$ma H$m hñVjon H$aZm `m Cg_o§ ~mYm nhþ±MmZmŸ&

6. Jdmhm| H$mo Y_H$mZmŸ&

7. nw{bg nyN>VmN> _| éH$mdQ> ~ZZmŸ&

8. Ý`m`mYre H$s Amkm Ho$ {déX²Y AXmbV H$s H$m ©dmhr H$m AWdm A{^ wŠV Ho$ {MÌ H$m àH$meZ H$aZmŸ&

9. AXmbV H$s H$m ©dmhr H$s [anmoQ>© Mmoar {N>no àH$m{eV H$aZmŸ&

10. AXmbV H$s H$m ©dmhr H$mo JbV Ed§ VÏ`m| H$mo Vmo‹S>-_amo‹S>H$a «m_H$ ê$n go àH$m{eV H$aZmŸ&

Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZZm H$m A{^àm` XrdmZr Ed§ \$m¡OXmar Ad_mZZm go h¡Ÿ& OmZ~yPH$a AXmbV Ho${ZU© , {ZX}e AWdm AÝ` AXmbVr à{H«$`m H$s Adkm `m AXmbV _| Xr JB© enW H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZm XrdmZrAd_mZZm h¡Ÿ& Omo Ý`m` àemgZ _| ~mYm nhþ±MmVm hmo `m CgH$s ~mYm nhþ±MmZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmo, {Oggo Ý`m`mb` H$sJ[a_m Am¡a à{VîR>m na à{VHy$b à^md nS>Vm hmo, `h \$m¡OXmar Ad_mZZm h¡Ÿ&

`{X H$moB© Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZZm H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo N>: _mh H$s H¡$X `m Xmo hOma énE Ow_m©Zm AWdmXmoZm| gOmE± Xr Om gH$Vr h¢Ÿ& `{X X§{S>V ì`pŠV Ý`m`mb` go j_m `mMZm H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo j_mXmZ AWdm XÊS>_| Hw$N> Ny>Q> Xr Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

5. g_mMma-nÌ Ed§ nwñVH$ n§OrH$aU A{Y{Z`_5. g_mMma-nÌ Ed§ nwñVH$ n§OrH$aU A{Y{Z`_5. g_mMma-nÌ Ed§ nwñVH$ n§OrH$aU A{Y{Z`_5. g_mMma-nÌ Ed§ nwñVH$ n§OrH$aU A{Y{Z`_5. g_mMma-nÌ Ed§ nwñVH$ n§OrH$aU A{Y{Z`_ - gZ² 1867 _| Omar g_mMma-nÌ Ed§ nwñVH$n§OrH$aU A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AZwgma g_mMma-nÌ m n{ÌH$m àH$meZ Ho$ nyd© H$_-go-H$_ nm±M àñVm{dV Zm_ {bIH$a{Obm{YH$mar H$mo AmdoXZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {Obm{YH$mar o Zm_ àog a{OñQ>ma H$mo oOVo h¢ Am¡a dhm± go {H$gr EH$Zm_ H$s ñdrH¥${V AmZo na AmdoXH$ H$mo gy{MV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mX {S>pñQ>ŠQ> _¡{OñQ>oQ> `m g~{S>{dOZb _¡{OñQ>oQ>Ho$ g_j KmofUm nÌ {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ àH$m{eV nÌ na _wÐH$, àH$meH$, VWm àH$meZ ñWmZ H$m ñnîQ>CëboI hmoZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& KmofUm nÌ H$s ñdrH¥${V Ho$ ~mX `{X H$moB© gmßVm{hH$ nÌ N>h gßVmh VH$ VWm AÝ`


g_mMma nÌ VrZ _mh VH$ àH$m{eV Zht hmo nmVm, m VrZ _hrZo H$s Ad{Y _| X¡{ZH$, gmßVm{hH$, AY© gmßVm{hH$Am¡a nm{jH$ nÌ AnZr {Z`{_V AmdV©Vm g§»`m Ho$ AmYo go r H$_ _| àH$m{eV hmo, m EH$ df© H$s Ad{Y VH$ nÌH$m àH$meZ Z hmoZo na ^r KmofUm nÌ aX²X hmo OmEJmŸ& `{X H$^r JbVr go {H$gr nÌ Ho$ A§H$ _| CgHo$ g§nmXH$ H$mZm_ JbV N>n J`m hmo Am¡a dh `h Xmdm H$ao {H$ Cg A§H$ H$m g§nmXH$ dhr Wm, Vmo Cgo g~{S>{dOZb _¡{OñQ>oQ> Ho$g_j AnZm Xmdm àñVwV H$aHo$ à_mUnÌ àmßV H$aZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& _¡{OñQ>oQ> H$mo `h A{YH$ma h¡ {H$ dh àog a{OñQ>ma`m AÝ` A{YH¥$V ì`pŠV H$s _m§J na nyar Om§M nS>Vmb H$m AmXoe XoH$a nÌ H$m KmofUm-nÌ A_mÝ` Kmo{fV H$a XoŸ&`{X {H$gr nÌ H$m KmofUm-nÌ aX²X H$a {X`m J`m h¡, Vmo dh aX²X H$aZo go nyd© 60 {XZ H$s Ad{Y Ho$ _Ü` AnrbH$aZo H$m A{YH$mar h¡Ÿ&

nÌ Ho$ àH$meZ Ho$ ~mX nÌ H$s EH$ à{V àog a{OñQ>ma H$mo VWm Xmo à{V`m± amÁ` gaH$ma H$mo {Z:ewëH$oOZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& àog {Z`_ H$s AZwnmbZm Z H$aZo H$s pñW{V _| nÌ Ho$ g§nmXH$ VWm _wÐH$ H$mo Xmo hOma énE H$m

Ow_m©Zm VWm N>h gmb H$s gOm Xr Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& nÌ H$m _wÐH$, àH$meH$ `m g§nmXH$ Z aho, Vmo BgH$s gyMZm_¡{OñQ>oQ> H$mo Vwa§V XoZm Oê$ar ~ZVm h¡, AÝ`Wm Xmo gm¡ én o VH$ H$m Ow_m©Zm {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& àog a{OñQ>ma H$monÌ H$m nyam {ddaU àË oH$ df© \$adar _| oOZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& àog a{OñQ>ma H$mo JbV gyMZmE± oOZo na nm±M-gm¡énE H$m X§S> hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {S>brdar Am°\$ ~wŠg E§S> Ý yO nong© H$mZyZ, 1954 Ho$ AZwgma àË oH$ g_mMma-nÌ Am¡anwñVH$ H$s nm±M à{V`m± amîQ>r` nwñVH$mb`m| H$mo oOZr hmoVr h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ nrN>o `hr CX²Xoí` h¡ {H$, _w{ÐV nwñVH$m|,g_mMma-nÌm| VWm {Z`V g_` na {ZH$bZo-dmbo nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$s pñW{V H$m g_`-g_` na _yë`m§H$Z hmoVmahoŸ&

6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_ - ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_ gZ² 1923 _| bmJy {H$`mJ`m WmŸ& nÌ Am¡a nÌH$ma H$m h Xm{`Ëd h¡ {H$ dh Xoe H$s AI§S>Vm VWm EH$Vm H$mo H$m`_ aIZo H$s {Xem _| AnZmaMZmË_H$ `moJXmZ XoŸ& A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ Zm_ na àog H$mo amîQ>r` EH$Vm Am¡a AI§S>Vm Ho$ gmW {IbdmS>H$aZo H$s AZw_{V Zht Xr Om gH$VrŸ&

Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì`pŠV {ZåZ pñW{V`m| _| X§S>Zr` hmoJm - amîQ>r` {hV Am¡a gwajm H$s ÑpîQ>go {Z{fX²Y ñWmZm| na nyd© AZw_{V Ho$ {~Zm àdoe H$aZm VWm CgHo$ ~mao _| àË`j AWdm namoj ê$n go {H$gr ^ràH$ma H$s OmZH$mar eÌw nj H$mo XoZmŸ& {Z{fX²Y ñWmZm| na OmH$a dhm± Ho$ Eogo ñH¡$M, ßbmZ, _m°S>b `m \$moQ>mo {~Zmnyd© AZw_{V Ho$ Zht {bE Om gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Z hr àH$m{eV {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢, {Oggo eÌw nj H$mo {H$gr ^r àH$maH$s OmZH$mar {_b gHo$Ÿ& maVr` JUV§Ì H$s à wgÎmm, AI§S>Vm VWm gmd© m¡{_H$Vm H$mo àË`j AWdm AàË`j ê$ngo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$ à`mg Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ VhV X§S>Zr` AnamY h¢Ÿ&

{d^mJr` AZw_{V Ho$ {~Zm gaH$mar _moham| H$m à`moJ, gaH$mar _moham| H$m J¡a H$mZyZr {Z_m©U `m {dH«$`H$m à`mg, goZm Ho$ VrZm| A§Jm| AWdm AÝ` {H$gr gaH$mar A{YH$mar H$s {ZYm©[aV doe- yfm {~Zm H$mZyZr A{YH$maHo$ nhZZm VWm Cggo {_bVr OwbVr doe- yfm nhZH$a ñd § H$mo A{YH¥$V A{YH$mar {gX²Y H$aZo H$m à`mg H$aZmAm{X Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ A§VJ©V X§S>Zr` AnamY _mZo OmVo h¢Ÿ&


7. Am¡f{Y Am¡a OmXyJar CnMma A{Y{Z`_7. Am¡f{Y Am¡a OmXyJar CnMma A{Y{Z`_7. Am¡f{Y Am¡a OmXyJar CnMma A{Y{Z`_7. Am¡f{Y Am¡a OmXyJar CnMma A{Y{Z`_7. Am¡f{Y Am¡a OmXyJar CnMma A{Y{Z`_ - ^maV H$s A{e{jV, Y_© ré$ VWm ^mobr-^mbr OZVmH$mo Ad¡Y, Aíbrb, AZw{MV VWm {MÎmmH$f©H$ qH$Vw Amn{ÎmOZH$ {dkmnZm| Ho$ g§ m{dV IVam| m fS> §Ìm| go ~MmZoHo$ {bE h EŠQ> ~Zm`m J`mŸ& BgH$s YmamAm| H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZo na N>h _mh H$s H¡$X m Ow_m©Zm AWdm XmoZm| gOmE±Xr Om gH$Vr h¢Ÿ& nwZ: Cëb§KZ H$aZo na EH$ df© H$s H¡$X `m Ow_m©Zm `m XmoZm| gOmE± Xr Om gH$Vr h¢&

_{hbmAm| Ho$ J ©nmV VWm J ©YmaU H$m AmídmgZ XoZo dmbr Am¡f{Y`m±, _m{gH$ Y_© go g§~§{YV amoJm| Ho$BbmO H$s Am¡f{Y`m±, _Zwî` _| m¡Z epŠV H$s d¥X²{Y H$m AmídmgZ XoZo dmbr Am¡f{Y`m±, nmJbnZ, H$mo‹T>, Znw§gH$Vm,{_Ju Am{X 54 amoJm| Ho$ CnMma H$s KmofUm H$aZo dmbr Am¡f{Y`m±, _§Ì, JÊS>m, H$dM Am{X Vm§{ÌH$-_m§{ÌH$ gmYZm|Ho$ OmXwB©, M_ËH$m[aH$ VarH$m| go {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s ~r_m[a`m| H$s Om±M, {ZXmZ, Amam_ `m amoH$Wm_ H$m AmídmgZXoZm BgHo$ A§VJ©V gpå_{bV h¢&

Eogo {dkmnZ Omo àË`j `m AàË`j ê$n go «{_V `m Jw_amh H$a| VWm Am¡f{Y Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo JbVn[aàoú` _| àñVwV H$a|, Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ VhV X§S>Zr` AnamY h¢Ÿ& gaH$ma H$s nyd© AZw_{V boZo na {X Am¡f{Y H$m{dkmnZ àH$m{eV {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cg na H$mZyZ H$m H$moB© à^md Zht hmoJmŸ&

8. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ8. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ8. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ8. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ8. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ - `h H$mZyZ 1 \$adar, 1957 H$mo bmJy {H$`m J`mŸ& BgH$mZyZ H$m _w»` CX²Xoí` Wm {H$ ~mbH$m| Am¡a {H$emoam| H$mo "hm{ZH$maH$ àH$meZm|' Ho$ g§ m{dV Xwîn[aUm_m| go~MmZmŸ& ~mbH$m| H$s gwajm hoVw g§gX X²dmam nm[aV Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ AZwgma "hm{ZH$maH$ àH$meZ' H$m VmËn © Cgn{ÌH$m, noånboQ>, br\$boQ>, g_mMma-nÌ `m Eogo hr {H$gr AÝ` àH$meZ go h¡, Omo {MÌm| AWdm {~Zm {MÌm| H$sghm`Vm go `m g§nyU© ê$n go {MÌm| X²dmam hr _w»`V: AnamY, qhgm, H«y$aVm Ho$ H$m ©, K¥{UV Ed§ ^`mdh àH¥${V H$s^mdZm {M{ÌV H$ao§Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma H$m àH$meZ ~mbH$m| `m {H$emoam| Ho$ g§doXZerb _mZg H$mo à^m{dV H$a AnamY, qhgm VWmH«y$a H$m`m] Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& qhgm VWm AnamY àd¥{Îm`m| H$mo ^S>H$mZo dmbr gm_J«r na à{V~§YbJmZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& Eogo {H$gr ^r àH$meZ H$mo amÁ` gaH$ma H$mZyZ {deofkm| go {dMma-{d_e© H$aZo Ho$ níMmV²à{V~§{YV `m X§{S>V H$a gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& Eogo H$X_ CR>mZo Ho$ {bE C{MV H$maU ~VmZo Amdí`H$ h¢Ÿ& à^m{dV ì`pŠV`{X Mmho Vmo gmR> {XZ Ho$ ^rVa CÀM Ý`m`mb` Ho$ Bg AmXoe Ho$ {déX²Y Anrb H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Eogo àH$meZ H$sg§{X½Y ñWmZ na ImoO H$amZo Ed§ à{V~§{YV H$amZo hoVw àW_ loUr H$m _¡{OñQ>oQ> h A{YH$ma g~BÝñnoŠQ>a m BggoD±$Mo nX Ho$ {H$gr nw{bg A{YH$mar H$mo Xo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& àH$meZ H$mo ZîQ> H$amZo H$m AmXoe ^r AXmbV X²dmam {X`m OmgH$Vm h¡Ÿ& `{X H$moB© ^r ì`pŠV Bg àH$ma Ho$ hm{ZH$maH$ àH$meZ H$s {~H«$s H$aVm h¡, {H$amE na XoVm h¡, {dVaUH$aVm h¡ `m AÝ` {H$gr _mÜ`_ go àgm[aV H$aVm h¡ AWdm {~H«$s, {H$amE, gmd©O{ZH$ àXe©Z, `m {dVaU hoVwBZH$m _wÐU, {Z_m©U `m {dkmnZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo N>h _mh H$s H¡$X `m Ow_m©Zm `m XmoZm| gOmE± Xr Om gH$Vr h¢&

9. nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm H$mZyZ9. nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm H$mZyZ9. nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm H$mZyZ9. nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm H$mZyZ9. nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm H$mZyZ - g_mMma-nÌm| VWm nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| _| àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbr {d{^ÝZnho{b`m| na {XE OmZo dmbo nwañH$mam| H$mo {Z`{_V Ed§ {Z §{ÌV H$aZo Ho$ CX²Xoí` go `h H$mZyZ ~Zm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& BZ{d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s à{V`mo{JVmAm| _| {d{^ÝZ nho{b`m± hmoVr h¢, O¡go [aŠV ñWmZm| _| eãX ny{V© nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm,


H«$m°g dS>© nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm, {MÌ nwañH$ma, nhobr Am{XŸ& BZ g^r nho{b`m| H$m AmYma Ajam|, eãXm| `m A§H$m|Ho$ {Z_m©U, H«$_-ì`dñWm, g§ moOZ Am{X na AmYm[aV ahVm h¡Ÿ&

EH$ hOma én o go A{YH$ H$s am{e H$s nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVmAm| H$m àH$meZ d{O©V h¡ VWm BgHo$ {bEgaH$ma X²dmam {Z wŠV bmBg|g A{YH$mar H$s nyd© AZw_{V boZm Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ à{V`mo{JVmAm| hoVwbmBg|g àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZYm©[aV à{H«$`m Ho$ AZwê$n g§~§{YV A{YH$mar Ho$ g_j {b{IV AmdoXZ àñVwV H$aZmAmdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg AmdoXZ nÌ na {ZpíMV eVm] Ho$ AmYma na bmBgoÝg A{YH$mar AnZr ñdrH¥${V `mAñdrH¥${V XoVm h¡Ÿ& nydm©Zw_{V Ho$ {~Zm AJa Eogr à{V`mo{JVmAm| H$m Am`moOZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$mZyZ H$s eVm] H$mCëb§KZ hmoVm h¡, Vmo g§~§{YVm| H$mo VrZ _mh H$s H¡$X `m EH$ hOma énE VH$ H$m Ow_m©Zm `m XmoZm| gOmE± Xr Om gH$Vr h¢Ÿ&

BZ à{V`mo{JVmAm| Ho$ g§MmbH$m| H$mo AnZo Am`-ì`` H$m g§nyU© {ddaU cmBg|g A{YH$mar Ho$ g_jg_`-g_` na n«ñVwV H$aZm nS>Vm h¡Ÿ& AJa Am`-ì`` H$m {ddaU àñVwV Zht {H$`m AWdm JbV Ed§ PyR>o {ddaUàñVwV {H$E, Vmo EH$ _mh H$s H¡$X AWdm nm±M gm¡ énE VH$ H$m Ow_m©Zm AWdm XmoZm| gOmE± Xr Om gH$Vr h¢&

gdm}ÀM Ý`m`mb` Zo Eogr à{V`mo{JVmAm| H$mo à{V~§{YV {H$`m h¡, {OZH$s àH¥${V OwE H$s hmoŸ& Eogrà{V`mo{JVmAm| _| do nho{b`m± AmVr h¢, {OZHo$ CÎma nhbo go hr V¡ ma H$a {bE JE hm| VWm CZHo$ AmYma na CÎmaXoZo dmbm| Ho$ àdoe nÌm| H$mo {_bmH$a nwañH$mam| H$s KmofUm H$r OmE AWdm CZH$m CÎma àmßV CÎmam| Ho$ AmYma nabmQ>ar go {ZH$mbm OmEŸ&

`{X {H$gr g_mMma-nÌ `m AÝ` àH$meZ _| CŠV H$mZyZ H$s YmamAm| H$m Cëb§KZ hmo AWdm bmBg|gg§~§Yr àmdYmZm| H$s AZwnmbZm Z H$s Om ahr hmo, Vmo Cg g_mMma-nÌ m àH$meZ H$s gmar à{V`m± OãV H$aZo H$mA{YH$ma gaH$ma H$mo h¡Ÿ&

10. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_10. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_10. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_10. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_10. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_ - ^maV _| g_mMma-nÌm| VWm g_mMma-g{_{V`m| Ho$ ñVa _| gwYma Ed§{dH$mg VWm àog H$s ñdV§ÌVm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm _hgyg H$aVo hþE ^maVr` g§gX Zo gZ 1978 _| àogn[afX A{Y{Z`_ nm[aV {H$`mŸ& Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ A§VJ©V J{R>V n[afX _| EH$ AÜ`j VWm 28 gXñ`m| H$s{Z wpŠV H$s KmofUm H$s JB©Ÿ& AÜ`j Ho$ _ZmoZ`Z Ho$ {bE J{R>V g{_{V Ho$ gXñ`m| _| amÁ` g^m Ho$ g^mn{V,bmoH$g^m Ho$ AÜ`j VWm H$m¢{gb Ho$ gXñ`m| X²dmam MwZm J`m gXñ` hmoJmŸ&

àog n[afX Ho$ CX²Xoí` Bg àH$ma h¢ -

1. g_mMma-nÌ VWm g_mMma-g{_{V`m| H$s ñdV§ÌVm H$mo H$m`_ aIZmŸ&

2. _hÎdnyU© VWm OZê${M Ho$ g_mMmam| Ho$ àofU na, g§ m{dV AdamoYm| na ÑpîQ> aIZmŸ&

3. g_mMma-nÌm|, g_mMma-g{_{V`m| VWm nÌH$mam| Ho$ CÀM ñVa Ho$ AZwê$n AmMma-g§{hVm V¡ ma H$aZmŸ&

4. ^maVr` g_mMma-nÌ VWm g_mMma-g{_{V`m| H$mo {_bZo dmbr {dXoer ghm`Vm H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$aZmŸ&

5. nÌH$m[aVm ì`dgm` go g§~X²Y ì`pŠV`m| _| CÎmaXm{`Ëd H$s mdZm VWm OZgodm H$s mdZm H$mo {dH${gVH$aZmŸ&


6. g_mMma-nÌ `m g_mMma-g{_{V Ho$ CËnmXZ, àH$meZ _| g§b¾ {d{^ÝZ dJm] Ho$ ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ _Ü`g_Ýd` ñWm{nV H$aZmŸ&

Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ A§VJ©V n[afX Ho$ AÜ`j `m gXñ` AWdm CZHo$ {ZX}eZ _| `{X gX² mdZm go H$moB©H$m ©dmhr H$s OmVr h¡, Vmo CgHo$ {déX²Y AXmbV _| `m{MH$m AWdm _wH$X_m Xm`a Zht {H$`m Om gH$VmŸ& n[afXH$mo AnZr g§nyU© J{V{d{Y`m| H$s dm{f©H$ [anmoQ>© H|$Ð gaH$ma H$mo àñVwV H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ&

11. ^maVr` H$m°nramB©Q> (H¥${V ñdmå`) A{Y{Z`_11. ^maVr` H$m°nramB©Q> (H¥${V ñdmå`) A{Y{Z`_11. ^maVr` H$m°nramB©Q> (H¥${V ñdmå`) A{Y{Z`_11. ^maVr` H$m°nramB©Q> (H¥${V ñdmå`) A{Y{Z`_11. ^maVr` H$m°nramB©Q> (H¥${V ñdmå`) A{Y{Z`_ - ^maVr` H$m°nramBQ> H$mZyZ boIH$m| Am¡a àH$meH$m|Ho$ {hVm| H$s ajm Ho$ {bE ~Zm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& boIH$ Ed§ àH$meH$ H$s nyd© AZw_{V Ho$ {~Zm {H$gr r H¥${V H$m H$moB© A§e`m CgH$m I§S> àH$m{eV H$aZm m boIH$ H$s aMZm H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZm Bg H$mZyZ H$m Cëb§KZ _mZm J`m h¡Ÿ& {H$grboIH$ H$s aMZm H$mo AnZr aMZm ~VmH$a àH$m{eV H$aZm AWdm boIH$ H$s nydm©Zw_{V Ho$ {~Zm CgHo$ ZmQ>H$ H$moa§J_§M na àñVwV H$aZm ^r H$m°nramBQ> H$mZyZ H$m Cëb§KZ h¡& Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ X²dmam boIH$ H$s H${dVm, H$hmZr,ZmQ>H$, g§JrV, J«m_mo\$moZ [aH$mS>©, Mb-{MÌ Am{X _| {Z{hV CgHo$ ñdm{_Ëd H$mo ñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& boIH$ Ho$OrdZH$mb VWm CgH$s _¥Ë w Ho$ 50 df© ~mX VH$ `h H$mZyZ CgH$s aMZmAm| na bmJy ahVm h¡Ÿ&

l_, ~wX²{Y Am¡a H$bm Ho$ X²dmam CËnÝZ {H$gr H¥${V H$mo H$m°nramBQ> H$mZyZ Ho$ A§VJ©V d¡Ym{ZH$ _mÝ`VmàXmZ H$s JB© h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌm| Ho$ g§nmXH$m| VWm nÌH$mam| H$mo Bg {Xem _| {deof gmdYmZr ~aVZr Mm{hEŸ& d¡gog_mMmam| na H¥${V ñdmå` H$mZyZ bmJy Zht hmoVm, Š`m|{H$ g_mMma-nÌm| H$m Vmo H$m_ hr g_mMma àXmZ H$aZm h¡Ÿ&bo{H$Z {\$a ^r g_mMmam| Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU H$s e¡br VWm eãX M`Z H$s _m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ X²dmam ñdV: hr Bg H$mZyZ H$s{JaâV go ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& ZoVmAm| Am{X Ho$ gmd©O{ZH$ ^mfUm| na ^r `h H$mZyZ bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌm| _| àH$m{eV boIm| VWm {MÌm| na `h H$mZyZ bmJy hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {MÌm| Ho$ àH$meZ go nyd© gm_mÝ`V: g_mMma-nÌ, àog \$moQ>moJ«m\$a VWm g{_{V`m| go AZw~§Y {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {MÌm| Ho$ gmW g_mMma g{_{V `m \$moQ>moJ«m\$a H$mZm_ àH$m{eV H$a {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

nwñVH$ g_rjm H$aVo g_` AnZo H$WZ H$s nwpîQ> _| {XE JE CX²YaUm| na ^r `h H$mZyZ bmJy Zht hmoVmŸ&{Z~§Y Am{X {bIVo g_` `{X H¥${V {deof Ho$ CX²YaUm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>o, Vmo Cg_| CX²YaU H$m nyam ñÌmoV,nwñVH$ H$m Zm_, boIH$ H$m Zm_ Am{X H$m `WmñWmZ CëboI H$a XoZm Mm{hEŸ& AXmbVr H$m ©dmhr H$m g_mMma H$sÑpîQ> go à`moJ ^r Bg H$mZyZ H$s ÑpîQ> go AZw{MV Zht h¡Ÿ&

{H$gr aMZm H$m ZmQ²>` énm§Va H$aHo$ CgH$m àXe©Z AWdm ^mfm _| n[adV©Z H$aHo$ `m eãXm| Ho$ {~Zm hr,O¡go Z¥Ë` Am{X Ho$ ê$n _| AWdm _yH$m{^Z` X²dmam àXe©Z H$aZm Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ A§VJ©V {Z{fX²Y h¡Ÿ& AnZr H¥${V H$m`{X boIH$ g§{jßVrH$aU H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cg na ^r H$m°nramBQ> H$mZyZ bmJy hmoVm h¡Ÿ& H¥${V Ho$ _yb ^mdm| H$mo {MÌm|X²dmam ì`ŠV H$aZm ^r g§{jßVrH$aU H$s loUr _| AmVm h¡Ÿ& g§{jßV aMZm _m¡{bH$ H$m © H$s loUr _| V^r AmEJr,O~ Cg_| boIH$ H$s H$bmË_H$ à{V^m, n[al_ Am¡a {ZU© mË_H$ epŠV H$m n[aM` {_boŸ& aMZm Ho$ AZwÀN>oXm| H$mg§H$bZ _mÌ _m¡{bH$ H$m © Zht h¡Ÿ& Bgr Vah AÝVam©îQ>r` H$m°nramBQ> H$mZyZ ^r à{V~§Y bJmVm h¡Ÿ&


12. l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mZyZ12. l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mZyZ12. l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mZyZ12. l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mZyZ12. l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mZyZ - l_Ordr nÌH$mam| H$s Zm¡H$ar, H$m © Ho$ K§Q>o, J«oÀ wQ>r, wJVmZ Am{X gog§~§{YV Bg H$mZyZ Ho$ VhV g§nmXH$, g_mMma g§nmXH$, Cng§nmXH$, \$sMa boIH$, g§dmXXmVm, H$mQy>©{ZñQ>,g_mMma \$moQ>moJ«m\$a, à{V g§emoYH$ (ày\$ arS>a) Am{X H$mo l_Ordr nÌH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| _mÝ`Vm àXmZ H$s JB© h¡Ÿ&à{VîR>mZ Ho$ nyU©V`m ì`dñWmnH$s` VWm àemg{ZH$ Ed§ {ZarjU H$m`m] _| bJo ì`pŠV VWm gaH$mar H$_©Mmarl_Ordr nÌH$ma H$s loUr _| Zht AmVoŸ&

`{X {H$gr l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mo {Z`moOH$ X²dmam Zm¡H$ar go AbJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo g§nmXH$ H$mo N>h_mh nyd© VWm AÝ` l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mo VrZ _mh nyd© Zmo{Q>g XoZm hmoJmŸ& J«oÀ wQ>r Ho$ wJVmZ Ho$ g§X © _| ^r BgH$mZyZ _| {deof àmdYmZ aIo JE h¢Ÿ& g_mMma-nÌ à{VîR>mZ _| VrZ df© go A{YH$ g_` go H$m ©aV l_OrdrnÌH$ma H$s godmE§ {Z`moOH$ X²dmam g_mßV H$a Xr OmVr h¢, AWdm dh n|eZ H$s Am w àmßV H$a boVm h¡, `m 10 df©go H$m ©aV H$moB© l_Ordr nÌH$ma ñdoÀN>m go Ë`mJnÌ Xo XoVm h¡ AWdm godmaV nÌH$ma H$s AmH$pñ_H$ _¥Ë w hmo OmVrh¡, Vmo do J«oÀ wQ>r Ho$ wJVmZ Ho$ hH$Xma hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&

l_Ordr nÌH$ma H$mo bJmVma Mma gßVmh _| 140 K§Q>o go A{YH$ H$m © H$aZo H$mo ~mÜ` Zht {H$`m OmgH$VmŸ& àË oH$ 7 {XZ H$s g_`md{Y _| 24 K§Q>o H$m bJmVma {dlm_ {X`m OmZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& l_Ordr nÌH$mam|Ho$ doVZ Am{X Ho$ ~mao _| g_`-g_` na {dMma H$aZo hoVw EH$ doVZ _§S>b H$m ^r JR>Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

13. _wÐU aoIm (qàQ> bmBZ) 13. _wÐU aoIm (qàQ> bmBZ) 13. _wÐU aoIm (qàQ> bmBZ) 13. _wÐU aoIm (qàQ> bmBZ) 13. _wÐU aoIm (qàQ> bmBZ) - g§nmXH$ Am¡a _wX«H$ Ho$ Xm{`Ëdm| H$mo H$mZyZ H$s ÑpîQ> go d¡Y ~ZmZo Ho$ {bEg_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {H$gr n¥îR> na ({deofH$a A§{V_ n¥îR> Ho$ {H$gr {H$Zmao na) g§nmXH$, _wÐH$, àH$meH$, àog Ed§H$m`m©b` H$m Zm_ VWm nVo H$m {ddaU XoZo H$s n[anmQ>r h¡Ÿ& Bg {ddaU H$mo hr _wX«U aoIm_wX«U aoIm_wX«U aoIm_wX«U aoIm_wX«U aoIm Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&àË oH$ g_mMma-nÌ _| Bg àH$ma H$s gyMZm H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZm H$mZyZ X²dmam _mÝ` {Z`_m| Ho$ AZwgma Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

14. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ AZwÀN>oX 361 (E)14. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ AZwÀN>oX 361 (E)14. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ AZwÀN>oX 361 (E)14. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ AZwÀN>oX 361 (E)14. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ AZwÀN>oX 361 (E) - ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _| 44 d| g§emoYZ X²dmam nÌH$mam| H$mobmoH$g^m Am¡a {dYmZ_§S>bm| H$s gË` Am¡a VÏ`-naH$ [anmoQ>© àH$m{eV H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ& _Ja Bg[anmoQ>© H$m àH$meZ AJa {H$gr Xmof ^md go hmoVm h¡ `m {\$a Xmof ^md {gX²Y hmoVm h¡, Vmo g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {déX²YH$m ©dmhr hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

8.3.28.3.28.3.28.3.28.3.2 àog g§~§Yr AmMma g§{hVm :àog g§~§Yr AmMma g§{hVm :àog g§~§Yr AmMma g§{hVm :àog g§~§Yr AmMma g§{hVm :àog g§~§Yr AmMma g§{hVm :

bmoH$V§Ì H$s g\$bVm Ho$ {bE VQ>ñW, {Zînj Am¡a {ZS>a g_mMma-nÌm| Ho$ àH$meZ H$s _hVr Amdí`H$Vmh¡Ÿ& JV nm±M XeH$m| _| g_mMma-nÌ OZg§Mma Ho$ EH$ geŠV _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| C^a H$a AmE h¢Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| ZoOZ-_mZg H$mo Z Ho$db ZB© {Xem XoZo _| _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m {Z^mB© h¡; ~pëH$ Abm^H$mar _mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ ñWmZ naZB© _mÝ`VmAm| H$mo n«{VñWm{nV r {H$`m h¡Ÿ& AV: OZg§Mma Ho$ Eogo geŠV _mÜ`_ H$mo {Za§Hw$eVm Ed§ H$V©ì`hrZVmgo Xya aIZo Ho$ {bE g_`-g_` na nÌH$mam| Am¡a nÌH$ma g§JR>Zm| Zo Hw$N> Zr{V`m± ~ZmBª, {OÝh| "AmMma-g§{hVmAmMma-g§{hVmAmMma-g§{hVmAmMma-g§{hVmAmMma-g§{hVm'H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

àË oH$ _Zwî` H$s AmMma àUmbr H$s ^m±{V nÌH$mam| H$s AmMma àUmbr H$mo ^r Xmo dJm] _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vmh¡Ÿ& nhbo àH$ma H$m ì`dhma dh h¡, Omo ñdoÀN>m go Am¡a AnZo ^rVa H$s AmdmO Ho$ {ZX}e na {H$`m OmEŸ& `h


AmMaU ñdV: {Z`m_H$ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE g_mO AWdm g_mO H$m H$moB© goŠeZ EH$ g§X{e©H$m ^bo hr ~Zm Xo,na§Vw _Zwî` Bg {Z`_mdbr H$m nmbZ Bgo C{MV Am¡a {ddoH$g§JV g_PH$a AnZr _aOr go hr H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

Xygao àH$ma H$m AmMaU dh h¡, Omo {H$gr ~mhar X~md, O¡go H$mZyZ Am{X Ho$ S>a go {H$`m OmEŸ& `hAmMaU X§S> `m {H$gr ~mhar gÎmm Ho$ ^` go ì`pŠV na Wmonm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE X§S> H$m ^` hQ>Vo hr Bg_| ì`pŠV Ho$AmMaU Ho$ ~XbZo H$s g§ mdZm ~Zr ahVr h¡Ÿ& CXmhaU Ho$ Vm¡a na gaH$ma X²dmam AmnmVH$mb Am¡a H$â y© bmJy H$aZona bmoJm| H$m AmMaU EH$ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ hQ>Vo hr Xygao àH$ma H$mŸ& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mø A§Hw$e goà^m{dV AmMaU ñd¡pÀN>H$ AmMaU H$s Anojm H$_ ñWm`r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mdOyX gaH$ma H$mo g_mO Ho$ gwMmê$ê$n go g§MmbZ Ho$ {bE AZoH$ H$mZyZ ~ZmZo n‹S>Vo h¢Ÿ& àog Am¡a nÌH$mam| Ho$ AmMaU H$mo g_mO H$s ì`dñWm Ho$AZwHy$µb ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ H$mZyZ ~ZmE JE h¢ Am¡a AmMma g§{hVm ^r ~ZmB© JB© h¡Ÿ&

H$moB© ^r AmMma g§{hVm AnZo Amn _| g§nyU© Zht hmoVrŸ& `h Ho$db nW àXe©Z H$m H$m_ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& nW _|AmZo-dmbr AbJ-AbJ {H$ñ_ H$s n[apñW{V`m| go gmjmËH$ma hmoZo na _Zwî` H$mo, Mmho dh nÌH$ma hmo, `m H$moB©Am¡a, Ý`m`mo{MV {ZU© Vmo AmÝV[aH$ AmdmO na ñd § hr boZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

{d{^ÝZ Xoem| Zo H$ht H$mZyZr-Ý`m`m| X²dmam VWm H$ht {Z`_ ~ZmH$a m AmMma g§{hVm X²dmam nÌH$mam| Ho$H$V©ì`m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& \«$m§grgr \«$m§grgr \«$m§grgr \«$m§grgr \«$m§grgr nÌH$mam| H$s AmMma g§{hVm Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZ àmdYmZ h¢, {OZH$m nmbZH$aZm àË oH$ nÌH$ma H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd h¡ -

1. nÌH$ma CZ g_ñV boIm| H$s {Oå_oXmar boVm h¡, Omo CgZo {bIo h¢; Mmho CgH$m Zm_ Cg_| àH$m{eV ZhþAm hmoŸ&

2. dh CZ g^r ~mVm| go ~MoJm, {Og_| Xygao H$s ~wamB© H$aZm, M[aÌ hZZ H$aZm, {~Zm g~yV AmamonbJmZm, H$mJOmVm| Am¡a XñVmdoOm| H$mo ~XbZm, VÏ`m| H$mo Vmo‹S>Zm _amo‹S>Zm Am{X H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

3. nÌH$ma ì`dgm` H$s BÁOV Ho$ gdmbm| na AnZo d[aîR> OZm| Ho$ {ZU© H$mo gdm}ÀM _mZoJmŸ&

4. nÌH$ma ì`dgm` H$s J[a_m Ho$ AZwHy$b H$m_ H$aZo H$s {Oå_oXmar boJmŸ&

5. nÌH$ma H$mo {H$gr boI H$s ZH$b H$aVo g_` gmWr nÌH$ma H$m Zm_moëboI ^r H$aZm Mm{hE, {OgH$m {H$dh boI hmoŸ&

6. nÌH$ma AnZr gyMZm H$mo B©_mZXmar go àH$m{eV H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma _m§JoJm Am¡a ha g_` Ý`m` Ho$ à{VB©_mZXma VWm AmXa wŠV hmoJmŸ& nÌH$ma PyRo ~hmZm| go H$moB© gyMZm àmßV Zht H$aoJm Am¡a Z {H$gr Zo,{dídmg Ho$ gmW Omo ~VmB©, Cg {dídmg H$mo §J H$aoJmŸ&

7. nÌH$ma {H$gr gmd©O{ZH$ m {ZOr CX² moJ go, Ohm± na nÌH$ma H$s h¡{g`V _| CgHo$ à^md m g§nH$m] H$mà`moJ hmo gHo$, YZ ñdrH$ma Zht H$aoJmŸ&

8. nÌH$ma Ho$db ì`mnm[aH$ `m {dÎmr` {dkmnZm| Ho$ {bE {bIo JE boIm| na AnZo hñVmja Zht H$aoJmŸ&

9. nÌH$ma Xygao Ho$ g_mMmam| `m boIm| H$s Mmoar Zht H$aoJmŸ&


10. nÌH$ma AnZo {H$gr gmWr H$s Zm¡H$ar H$mo boZo H$m à`mg Zht H$aoJm Am¡a Z Cggo H$_ AmH$f©H$ eVm] naH$m_ H$aZm àñVm{dV H$a, Cgo Zm¡H$ar go ~Im©ñV H$admEJmŸ&

11. nÌH$ma AnZr gyMZm Ho$ gyÌm| H$mo Zht ~VmEJmŸ&

12. nÌH$ma AnZo {bE m {H$gr Xygam| Ho$ {hVm| Ho$ {bE àog H$s ñdmYrZVm H$m Xwê$n`moJ Zht H$aoJmŸ& nÌH$maAnZr y{_H$m H$mo nw{bg H$s y{_H$m Ho$ g_mZ Zht _mZoJmŸ&

CnamoŠV àmdYmZm| Ho$ A{V[aŠV h r àmdYmZ h¡ {H$ àH$m{eV gm_J«r go {X {H$gr H$m A{hV hmoVm h¡,Vmo dh _wH$X_m Xm`a H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& h _wH$X_m g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ {ZXoeH$ Ho$ {déX²Y Mbm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& nÌH$ma mboIH$ H$mo Bg {ñW{V _| gh`moJr AnamYr _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

nÌH$ma Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ dh AnZo boIZ _| {eîQ>mMma Am¡a gXmMma H$m gX¡d nmbZ H$aoŸ& EogrH$moB© ~mV Z {bIo, Omo {H$gr Y_©, Om{V `m g§àXm` Ho$ {damoY _| hmo Am¡a Cggo K¥Um `m VZmd CËnÝZ hmoZo H$sg§ mdZm hmoŸ& g_mO Ho$ {hV _| ~hþV gr Amn{ÎmOZH$ gm_J«r H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZm AZw{MV h¡Ÿ& Eogo {df` ^rnÌH$ma Ho$ {bE d{O©V h¢, Omo Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZZm H$aVo h¢Ÿ& gmW hr CgHo$ {bE `h ^r Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ dhEogr H$moB© [anmoQ>© Z Xo, Omo g§gX `m {dYmZ_§S>bm| na AZw{MV {Q>ßnUr H$aVr hmoŸ& nÌH$ma Ho$ {bE `h ^r _`m©XmhmoVr h¡ {H$ dh {H$gr ì`pŠVJV AWdm {ZOr qOXJr H$m A{VH«$_U Z H$aoŸ& AmMma g§{hVm Ho$ AZwgma nÌH$maAnZo g_mMma Ho$ ñÌmoV ~VmZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` Zht h¡, bo{H$Z 29 _mM© 1935 Ho$ nÌH$ma H$mZyZ Ho$ AZwgma g_mMmañÌmoV OmZZo Ho$ {bE nÌH$mam| H$mo ~mÜ` {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

ñdrS>ZñdrS>ZñdrS>ZñdrS>ZñdrS>Z _| ^r EH$ AmMma g§{hVm h¡, {OgH$m {Z_m©U amîQ>r` Šb~ Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ& AmMma g§{hVm H$sy{_H$m _| g^r ñÌr / nwéf nÌH$mam| go `h àmW©Zm H$s JB© h¡ {H$ AÀN>o AI~mar MbZ Ho$ BZ {Z`_m| na Mbo VWm

gX¡d CZH$m AmMaU H$a|Ÿ& ñdrS>Z _| nÌm| H$s ñdmYrZVm go g§~§{YV A{Y{Z`_ ~Zm`m J`m h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgmaCÝh| Z Ho$db A{^ì`pŠV H$m; ~pëH$ gyMZm BH$Q>²>R>r H$aZo H$m ^r hH$ h¡, bo{H$Z Bgr A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ gmVd| AÜ`m`_| Hw$N> Eogo AnamY ~VmE JE h¢, Omo àog H$s ñdmYrZVm Ho$ {déX²Y AnamY _mZo OmVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go, amÁ` Ho$ gmW{dídmgKmV, Xoe H$s gwajm H$mo IVam nhþ±MmZo dmbo g_mMma XoZm VWm Bggo {_bVo OwbVo g_mMma XoZmŸ& BgHo$A{V[aŠV {H$gr {deof Om{V, dU©, amîQ> m {deof Ym{_©H$ g_wXm` Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ {déX²Y K¥Um \¡$bmZm m CÝh| S>amZm^r X§S>Zr` AnamY h¡Ÿ&

O_©ZrO_©ZrO_©ZrO_©ZrO_©Zr _| gZ 1961 _| nm[aV {H$E JE EH$ H$mZyZ Ho$ AZwgma Eogr nwñVH|$, nÌ-n{ÌH$mE± `m N>m`m{MÌàH$m{eV H$aZm d{O©V h¢, Omo Aíbrb hmo VWm {Oggo qhgm ‹S>H$ gH$Vr hmoŸ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ àH$meZm| H$s Om§M EH$_§S>b H$aoJmŸ& `{X nÌH$ma AnZm Xm{`Ëd ñd § Am¡a nyar B©_mZXmar go {Z^mE, Vmo Cg na H$moB© ^r AmMma-g§{hVm`m {ZarjU H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht hmoVrŸ&

O_©Zr _| Ohm± EH$ Amoa nÌH$mam| H$mo àog Am¡a g_mMma g§J«h H$s ñdmYrZVm Xr JB© h¡, dht na gmYmaUnmR>H$ H$mo ^r nÌm| _| N>nr hþB© ~mV Ho$ {déX²Y AnZr ~mV H$hZo H$m A{YH$ma h¡ Am¡a {Og g_mMma nÌ _| N>nr hþB©gyMZm H$m Odm~ {X`m J`m hmo, Cgo Cgr g_mMma nÌ _| àH$m{eV H$aZm g§nmXH$ H$m Xm{`Ëd h¡Ÿ& npíM_r O_©Zr_| Bg A{YH$ma H$mo {damoYr dŠVì` XoZo H$m A{YH$ma H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&


nÌH$mam| Ho$ Xm{`Ëd Ho$ ~mao _| n§. Odmhabmb Zohên§. Odmhabmb Zohên§. Odmhabmb Zohên§. Odmhabmb Zohên§. Odmhabmb Zohê$ H$m _V h¡, {H$ ""ñdmYrZVm Ho$ gmW gmW CÎmaXm{`Ëd^r h_oem hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ñdmYrZVm Ho$ gmW h_oem EH$ eV© hmoVr h¡, EH$ Xm{`Ëd hmoVm h¡ {H$ Š`m Eogm {bIZm amîQ> H$sñdmYrZVm Ho$ {hV _| h¡? Bg{bE O~ r h_ ñdmYrZVm H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢, h_| {Z{d©dmX CÎmaXm{`Ëd na r {dMmaH$aZm Mm{hEŸ& AJa ñdmYrZVm Ho$ gmW CÎmaXm{`Ëd H$s ^mdZm Z hmo, Vmo ñdmYrZVm Yrao-Yrao g_mßV hmo OmVrh¡Ÿ& `h amîQ> H$s ñdmYrZVm Ho$ {bE CVZm hr ghr h¡, {OVZm nÌm| H$s ñdmYrZVm Ho$ {bE, {H$gr AÝ` g_yh,g§JR>Z `m ì`pŠV H$s ñdmYrZVm Ho$ {bEŸ&''

nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ joÌ _| JUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWuJUoe e§H$a {dÚmWu H$m A{dñ_aUr` `moJXmZ h¡Ÿ& nÌ `m nÌH$ma AnZr y{_H$mghr Zht {Z^mVo, Vmo CZ na {Z §ÌU Ho$ {bE AmMma g§{hVm H$s Amdí`H$Vm nS>Vr h¡Ÿ& ^maV O¡go Xoe _| AmO ^rEogr H$moB© g»V AmMma g§{hVm Zht h¡, Z hr AmXe© nÌH$ma Ho$ {bE H$moB© Zr{VŸ& ~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a Zo EH$ ~manÌH$mam| Ho$ H$V©ì` Ho$ ~mao _| H$hm Wm, ""g_mO Ho$ OrdZ _| {OZ àíZm| na C{MV {ZU© H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Am¡a {OZ {ZU© m| na g_mO H$m OrdZ A§VV: {Z ©a H$aVm h¡, CZHo$ ~mao _| OZVm H$mo C{MV OmZH$mar àXmZH$aZm, CZHo$ g§~§Y _| OZ_V H$m {Z_m©U Am¡a ZoV¥Ëd H$aZm, Cg _V H$mo àH$Q> H$aZm VWm Cggo A{YH$ go A{YH$bm^ OZVm H$mo nhþ±MmZm EH$ AmXe© nÌH$ma H$m H$V©ì` h¡Ÿ& gÀMo nÌH$ma Ho$ {bE nÌH$m[aVm Ho$db H$bm `mOr{dH$monmO©Z H$m gmYZ _mÌ Zht hmoZm Mm{hE; ~pëH$ H$V©ì` gmYZ H$s EH$ nwZrV d¥{Îm ^r hmoZr Mm{hEŸ&''

g§ wŠV amîQ´>g§K g§ wŠV amîQ´>g§K g§ wŠV amîQ´>g§K g§ wŠV amîQ´>g§K g§ wŠV amîQ´>g§K _| nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE AnZmB© JB© AmMma-g§{hVm Bg àH$ma h¡ -

1. nÌH$m[aVm OZ_V Ho$ {Z_m©U Ho$ {bE EH$ àmW{_H$ CnH$aU h¡, Bg{bE nÌH$mam| H$m `h H$V©ì` h¡ {H$do Bgo EH$ Q>ñQ> `m Xm{`Ëd g_P| Am¡a OZ{hV H$s godm VWm ajm Ho$ {bE h_oem V¡ ma Am¡a BÀNw>H$ ah|Ÿ&

2. AnZo H$V©ì` H$m nmbZ H$aVo g_` nÌH$ma _mZd Ho$ _yb yV Am¡a gm_m{OH$ A{YH$mam| H$mo C{MV _hÎdX|Jo Am¡a g_mMmam| H$s [anmoQ>© XoVo g_` `m CZ na {Q>ßnUr H$aVo g_` gX² md Am¡a Ý`m`{à`Vm H$mñdrH$ma H$a|JoŸ&

3. g_mMmam| Am¡a VÏ`m| H$mo B©_mZXmar go g§J«h H$aZo Am¡a àH$meZ H$aZo H$s ñdmYrZVm VWm C{MV {Q>ßnUrAm¡a AmbmoMZm H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma Eogo {gX²Ym§V h¢, {OÝh| àË oH$ nÌH$ma H$mo h_oem gwa{jV aIZmMm{hEŸ&

4. nÌH$ma Bg ~mV H$m à`mg H$a|Jo {H$ Omo g_mMma àgm[aV {H$`m Om ahm h¡, dh VÏ` H$s ÑpîQ> go ghr h¡Ÿ&{H$gr VÏ` H$mo CëQ>m grYm H$a àH$Q> Zht {H$`m OmEJm Am¡a Z {H$gr Amdí`H$ VÏ` H$mo X~m`m OmEJmŸ&Eogr gyMZm àH$m{eV Zht H$s OmEJr, {OgHo$ ~mao _| `h kmZ hmo {H$ `h PyR>r h¡ `m `h {dídmg Z hmo{H$ `h gÀMr h¡Ÿ&

5. g^r gyMZmAm| Am¡a àH$m{eV {Q>ßn{U`m| Ho$ {bE Xm{`Ëd ñdrH$ma {H$`m OmEJmŸ& `{X Xm{`Ëd ñdrH$maZht {H$`m Om ahm h¡, Vmo `h nhbo go hr ñnîQ> ê$n go àH$Q> H$a {X`m OmEJmŸ&

6. nÌH$ma CZ g_mMmam| Am¡a {Q>ßn{U`m| na {Z §ÌU aI|Jo, {OZgo VZmd ~‹T>Vm h¡ Am¡a qhgm H$mo àmoËgmhZ{_b gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&


7. Omo {dídmg àH$Q> {H$`m J`m h¡, CgH$m h_oem AmXa {H$`m OmEJm Am¡a ì`dgm` H$s JmonZr`Vm H$s ajmH$s OmEJr; na Bgo g§{hVm H$m hZZ Zht _mZm OmEJmŸ& àog n[afX `m Ý`m`mb`m| Ho$ gm_Zo {H$gr àíZHo$ CR>Zo na gyMZm H$m ñÌmoV ~Vm {X`m OmEJmŸ&

8. nÌH$ma AnZo noeoda AmMaU H$mo {ZOr {hVm| go à^m{dV Zht hmoZo X|JoŸ&

9. H$moB© ^r g_mMma, Omo AewX²Y nm`m OmEJm Am¡a H$moB© ^r {Q>ßnUr, Omo AewX²Y g_mMmam| Ho$ AmYma nahmoJr, CgH$m ñdoÀN>m go gwYma H$a {X`m OmEJm ; `{X {H$Ýht Img àíZm| na H$moB© [anmoQ© PyR>r `m AewX²Yh¡, Vmo CgHo$ ewX²{YH$aU `m à{VdmX H$mo C{MV àH$meZ XoZm A{Zdm © hmoJmŸ&

10. g^r ì`pŠV, Omo g_mMmam| Ho$ g§J«h, g§àofU Am¡a {dVaU VWm CZ na {Q>ßnUr H$aZo Ho$ H$m_ na bJo hþEh¢, AnZo ì`dgm` H$s {ZîR>m Am¡a J[a_m _| nyam {dídmg aI|JoŸ& do Eogo hr H$m_ {H$gr H$mo gm¢no `m {H$grgo ñdrH$ma H$a|Jo, Omo Bg {ZîR>m Am¡a J[a_m Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo, Am¡a do AnZr pñW{V H$m emofU hmoZo go ~M|JoŸ&

11. Bggo A{YH$ H$moB© Zm_mHy$b ~mV Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ nÌH$ma {H$gr g_mMma {Q>ßnUr H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo `mZ àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr [aídV `m àbmo Z H$s _m§J H$aoŸ&

12. g_mMma-nÌm| _| {ZOr {ddmXm| H$mo Omar aIZm, O~ H$moB© gmd©O{ZH$ àíZ - _wX²Xm Z hmo, nÌH$m[aVm H$sna§nam Ho$ {déX²Y h¡ Am¡a ì`dgm` H$s J[a_m Ho$ {bE An_mZOZH$ h¡Ÿ&

13. g_mMma-nÌm| _| {ZOr ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ ì`pŠVJV OrdZ g§~§Yr A\$dmhm| `m Jn-en H$mo àMm[aV H$aZmnÌH$m[aVm Ho$ ì`dgm` Ho$ à{VHy$b h¡Ÿ& {X ì`pŠV`m| g§~§Yr g_mMma nwîQ> {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢, Vmo r CÝh|V~ VH$ àH$m{eV Zht {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE, O~ VH$ {H$ CZH$m àH$meZ OZ{hV _| Z hmoŸ&

14. Xygao H$s qZXm Am¡a {H$gr na {ZamYma Amamon bJmZm nÌH$m[aVm H$s ÑpîQ> go J§ ra AnamY h¡Ÿ&

15. g_mMma m {MÌm| H$mo àmßV H$aVo g_` g§dmXXmVm m àog \$moQ>moJ«m\$a Eogm Hw$N> Zht H$a|Jo, {OgHo$ H$maU{H$gr H$s _¥Ë w go Xw:Ir m AÝ` àH$ma go VH$br\$ _| n‹S>o hþE bmoJm| H$mo H$îQ> hmoJm m ZrMm XoIZm nS>oJmŸ&

8.3.38.3.38.3.38.3.38.3.3 àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd :àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd :àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd :àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd :àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd :

àOmV§Ì _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m {deof _hÎd h¡Ÿ& g_` Am¡a g_mO Ho$ g§X © _| gOJ ahH$a ZmJ[aH$m| _|Xm{`Ëd~moY H$amZo H$s H$bm H$mo nÌH$m[aVm H$hVo h¢Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm OZgodm H$m geŠV _mÜ`_ h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVmh_| h_mao g_mO, Xoe H$s g_ñ`mAm| VWm {dMmam| go hr ê$~ê$ Zht H$amVr; ~pëH$ g§nyU© {díd^a H$s KQ>ZmAm| H$moh_mao gm_Zo àñVwV H$amVr h¡Ÿ&

nÌH$m[aVm AnZo {dMmam| H$mo OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m EH$ gmYZ h¡Ÿ& BgH$m CX²Xoí` g§gma ^a H$s I~am|Ed§ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo EH${ÌV H$aZm, CZH$m {ddoMZ H$aZm, CZH$m {ddaU BH$Q>²>R>m H$aZm Am¡a CÝh| nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$_mÜ`_ go OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `ht H$maU h¡ {H$ nÌH$m[aVm nyao {díd H$s Eogr X¡Z§{XZr _mZr OmVr h¡,Omo XyaÑpîQ> àXmZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& AmO nÌH$m[aVm EH$ Eogr epŠV ~Z JB© h¡, Omo g_mO H$s H${_`m|, Jb{V`m| VWmHw$ar{V`m| H$mo COmJa H$aHo$ CÝho§ Xya H$aZo H$m à`mg H$aVr h¡Ÿ&

(133) (133) (133) (133) (133)

nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ CX` go nyd© bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm Ho$ gwMmê$ ê$n go MbZo Ho$ {bE VrZ ñV§ m| ì`dñWm{nH$m,H$m ©nm{bH$m Am¡a Ý`m`nm{bH$m H$m hmoZm Amdí`H$ WmŸ& ì`dñWm{nH$m go VmËn © g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| - bmoH$g^mAm¡a amÁ`g^m VWm amÁ` {dYmZ_§S>bm| Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| {dYmZg^m VWm {dYmZn[afX go h¡Ÿ& H|$X« ì`dñWm amÁ`m| _|emgZ H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo Ed§ J{V XoZo Ho$ CX²Xoí` go ì`dñWm{nH$m AZoH$ {Z`_ ~ZmVr h¡Ÿ& BZ g^r {Z`_m| H$mCX²Xoí` OZH$ë`mU H$aZm Am¡a gaH$mar V§Ì H$mo pñWaVm Ed§ epŠV XoZm hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

ì`dñWm{nH$m X²dmam {Z{_©V {Z`_m| Am¡a A{Y{Z`_m| Ho$ AZwnmbZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd H$m ©nm{bH$m Ho${d{^ÝZ A§Jm| na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡Ÿ& H$m ©nm{bH$m H$m Xm{`Ëd h¡ {H$ ì`dñWm{nH$m Zo Omo ^r {Z`_ ~ZmE h¢, CZH$mAZwnmbZ H$a| VWm CZH$m Cëb§KZ H$aZo dmbo ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ {déX²Y {Z`_mZwgma H$m ©dmhr H$a|Ÿ&

BgHo$ {dnarV Ý`m`nm{bH$m H$m H$m © ì`dñWm{nH$m X²dmam nm[aV A{Y{Z`_m| Ho$ g§~§Y _| CËnÝZ g§d¡Ym{ZH$AWdm H$mZyZr «m§{V`m| H$m {ZamH$aU H$aZm, {Z`_m| Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$m {díbofU H$a CZHo$ Am¡{MË` na CR>mE JEàíZm| H$mo gwbPmZm, H$m ©nm{bH$m Am¡a ì`dñWm{nH$m na A§Hw$e bJmH$a CÝh|$ {Za§Hw$e hmoZo Ho$ Xmof go _wŠV aIZmVWm H$m ©nm{bH$m X²dmam H${Vn` H$mZyZm| Ho$ AZwnmbZ go {H$gr ì`pŠV `m g_yh Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$m hZZ hmoZo naCZHo$ _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| H$s gwajm H$aZm h¡Ÿ&

H$mbm§Va _| nÌH$m[aVm `m àog H$s epŠV Ho$ àmXw m©d go, àog àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| EH$ Mm¡Wo ñV§ Ho$ê$n _| AdV[aV hþAmŸ& àog H$m OÝ_ emgH$ Am¡a em{gV Ho$ _Ü` EH$ g_PXmar, g_Ýd` VWm VmaVå`Vm ~ZmEaIZo Ho$ CX²Xoí` go hþAmŸ& My±{H$ bmoH$V§Ì emgZ ì`dñWm _| gm_mÝ` bmoJ AnZo _VXmZ Ho$ A{YH$ma H$m àË`jAWdm AàË`j ê$n go à`moJ H$a AnZo emgH$m| H$m MwZmd H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `h Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ emgH$ `h g_Po{H$ em{gV Š`m MmhVo h¢ Am¡a em{gV ^r `h OmZo {H$ CZHo$ emgH$ CZHo$ Am¡a Xoe Ho$ {bE H¡$go H$m_ H$a aho h¢Ÿ&

emgH$ Am¡a em{gV Ho$ _Ü` àog Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hr EH$ àË`j g§dmX g§ d h¡Ÿ& àog hr dh _mÜ`_ h¡, OmoOZVm H$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo emgH$m| VH$ nhþ±MmVm h¡ Am¡a emgH$m| na OZVm H$s ^mdZmAm| Ho$ AZwHy$b Zr{V-{ZYm©aUH$aZo H$m X~md ~ZmVm h¡Ÿ&

Bgr àH$ma emgH$ Xoe H$s AW©, gwajm, {ejm Ed§ {dXoer Zr{V H$mo {H$gr {Xem _| bo OmZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ&BgH$s g§nyU© OmZH$mar àog Ho$ _mÜ`_ go OZ-_mZg H$mo hmo nmVr h¡Ÿ& bmoH$g^m Am¡a amÁ` {dYmZ _§S>bm| _| hmoZodmbr Zr{VJV J§ ra ~hg VWm AÝ` AZoH$ Ádb§V _wX²Xm| na hmoZo dmbr MMm© go àog bmoJm| H$mo n[a{MV H$amVm h¡Am¡a CZH$s à{V{H«$`m ^r emgH$m| VH$ nhþ±MmVm h¡Ÿ&

bmoH$V§Ìr` ì`dñWm _| àog H$m gdm©{YH$ _hÎdnyU© H$m © bmoH$V§Ìr` _yë`m| H$s ñWmnZm Am¡a CZH$s ajmH$aZm h¡Ÿ& EH$ Amoa àog emgH$m| Ho$ {ZOr Ed§ gmd©O{ZH$ AmMaU na {Z §ÌU aIVm h¡ Am¡a CÝh| gm\$-gwWar emgZH$s à{H«$`m H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` H$aVm h¡, dht Xygar Amoa bmoJm| H$mo CZHo$ OZVm§{ÌH$ A{YH$ma Am¡aH$V©ì`m| go AdJV H$amVm h¡Ÿ& bmoJm| _| amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ gm_m{OH$ MoVZm H$m àgma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& h àog H$m hr moJXmZh¡ {H$ Xoe H$m àË oH$ ZmJ[aH$ MwZmdr à{H«$`m `m emgH$s` ì`dñWmAm| H$mo AmË_gmV H$a gH$m h¡Ÿ&

àog Ohm± ì`dñWm{nH$m H$s H$m ©{d{Y`m| go Xoe Ho$ H$amo‹S>m| bmoJm| H$mo AdJV aIVm h¡, dht dh H$m ©nm{bH$mH$mo {Za§Hw$e hmoZo go amoH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Ý`m`nm{bH$m Ho$ {ZU© m| H$s gm_mÝ` bmoJm| H$mo OmZH$mar XoVm h¡Ÿ&


(134)(134)(134)(134)(134)

OZ_V {Z_m©U H$s {Xem _| ^r àog H$s _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m ahr h¡Ÿ& bmoH$V§Ìr` ì`dñWm _| {H$gr ^r Zr{VH$mo Xoe `m {dXoe Ho$ ZmJ[aH$m| na ~bmV² Wmonm Zht Om gH$VmŸ& {H$gr ^r Zr{V H$mo bmJy H$aZo Ho$ {bE OZ_V H$sAmdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& `h H$m © ~¥hX² ñVa na àog H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& amîQ>r` ñVa na g_mMma-nÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go{deof _wX²Xmo§ na hmoZo dmbr ~hg OZ_V {Z_m©U _| ghm`H$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma g_`-g_` na {d{eîQ> boIm| Ho$àH$meZ go bmoJm| H$s ZãO H$s nhMmZ hmoVr h¡, {OgHo$ AZwê$n emgH$ dJ© AnZr {dMma-`mÌm H$mo J{V XoVo h¢Ÿ&

àog {Z §ÌU Am¡a g§VwbZ Ho$ {gX²Ym§V H$mo AnZmVo hþE OZ_mZg H$s CJ«Vm Am¡a emgH$ dJ© H$s CÀN¥>§IbVmna bJm_ bJmVm h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| hr dJm] H$mo AnZo A^rîQ> H$mo àmßV H$aZo H$m Ý`m`mo{MV Ed§ g§gXr` _mJ© {XImVm h¡Ÿ&bmoJm| _| gm_mOrH$aU H$mo ~bdVr ê$n àXmZ H$aZo H$m H$m © ^r àog H$m hr h¡Ÿ& dV©_mZ _| EH$ g_mO Ho$ bmoJm| H$moXygao g_mO Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ {ZH$Q> bmZo _| àog Zo _hÎdnyU© y{_H$m {Z^mB© h¡Ÿ&

amîQ>r` EH$Vm H$mo gwÑT> H$a bmoH$V§Ì H$s O‹S>m| H$mo _O~yV ~ZmE aIZo H$m lo ^r àog H$mo OmVm h¡Ÿ&g§ dV: AnZo BZ AZoH$ _hÎdnyU© H$m`m] Ho$ H$maU àog bmoH$V§Ì Ho$ Mm¡Wo ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| C^am h¡ Am¡a Mm¡Wo ñV§ Ho$ê$n _| àog Ho$ Xm{`Ëd {Za§Va ~‹T>Vo hr Om aho h¢Ÿ& Xoe H$s EH$ {demb OZg§»`m H$mo g§Vw{bV, g_pÝdV, g{H«$` VWmEH$OwQ> H$aZo H$m H$m © H$moB© {Z`_ `m A{Y{Z`_ Zht, A{nVw àog hr H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&



1. g§nmXZ H$m © H$mo g§nÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ....... H$mo H$mZyZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ&

H$) g§dmXXmVm I) g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$g§nmXH$ J) {dVaH$ $K) nmR>H$

2. gZ .......... _| g§{dYmZ _| {H$E JE 16 do g§emoYZ Ho$ AZwgma dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV na gmV _m_bm|_| à{V~§Y bmJy hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

H$) 1961 I) 1962 J) 19631963196319631963 K) 1964

3. gZ 1971 _| .......... H$m Z`m H$mZyZ nm[aV {H$`m J`mŸ&

H$) Am¡f{Y Am¡a OmXyJar CnMma I) H¥${V ñdmå`

J) l_Ordr nÌH$ma K) Ý`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZmÝ`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZmÝ`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZmÝ`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZmÝ`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZm

4. àog a{OñQ>ma H$mo nÌ H$m nyam {ddaU àË oH$ df© .......... _| oOZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ&

H$) AJñV I) {gV§~a J) OZdar K) \$adar\$adar\$adar\$adar\$adar

5. g_mMma-nÌm| _| àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbr {d{^ÝZ nho{b`m| na {XE OmZo dmbo nwañH$mam| H$mo {Z §{ÌV H$aZo Ho$CX²Xoí` go .......... H$mZyZ ~Zm`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

H$) nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVmnwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVmnwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVmnwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVmnwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm I) wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ

J) Ý`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZm K) àog n[afX


(135) (135) (135) (135) (135)

6. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ A§VJ©V J{R>V n[afX _| 1 AÜ`j VWm .......... gXñ`m| H$s {Z wpŠV H$sKmofUm H$s JB© h¡Ÿ&

H$) 24 I) 26 J) 2828282828 K) 30

7. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ .......... go bmJy {H$`m J`mŸ&

H$) 1 \$adar 1955 I) 1 \$adar 19571 \$adar 19571 \$adar 19571 \$adar 19571 \$adar 1957 J) 1 \$adar 1961 K) 1 \$adar 1964

8. boIH$m| Am¡a àH$meH$m| Ho$ {hVm| H$s ajm Ho$ {bE .......... H$mZyZ ~Zm`m J`mŸ&

H$) l_Ordr nÌH$ma I) nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm J) ^maVr` H$m°nramBQ>^maVr` H$m°nramBQ>^maVr` H$m°nramBQ>^maVr` H$m°nramBQ>^maVr` H$m°nramBQ> K)_mZhm{Z

9. nÌH$mam| H$s AmMma àUmbr H$mo ......... dJm] _| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

H$) XmoXmoXmoXmoXmo I) Mma J) Xg K) ~rg

10. ""gÀMo nÌH$ma Ho$ {bE nÌH$m[aVm Ho$db H$bm `m Or{dH$monmO©Z H$m gmYZ _mÌ Zht hmoZm Mm{hE;~pëH$ H$V©ì` gmYZ H$s EH$ nwZrV d¥{Îm ^r hmoZr Mm{hE'' o dŠVì` ........ H$m h¡Ÿ&

H$) n§.Odmhabmb Zohê$ I) bmoH$_mÝ` {VbH$

J) JUoe e§H$a {dÚmWu K) ~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a

11. àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| àog ....... ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| AdV[aV hþAmŸ&

H$) Xygao I) Mm¡WoMm¡WoMm¡WoMm¡WoMm¡Wo J) nm±Md| K) gmVd|


1. {H$gr ì`pŠV na H$moB© bm§N>Z bJm`m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cg Xmofr ì`pŠV na H$m¡Zgm _wH$X_m Mbm`m OmVm h¡?

2. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Zo maVr` ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo H$m¡Zgo A{YH$mam| Ho$ A§VJ©V dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVmàXmZ H$s h¡?

3. {deofm{YH$mam| H$mo d¡Ym{ZH$ _mÝ`Vm H$~ {_br ?

4. Ý`m` àUmbr H$s n{dÌVm Ed§ {dídgZr`Vm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm H$mZyZ ~Zm`m J`m?

5. àË oH$ àH$m{eV nÌ na H$m¡Zgr ~mVm| H$m ñnîQ> CëboI hmoZm Mm{hE?

6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_ H$~ bmJy hþAm ?

7. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ H$m _w»` CX²Xoí` H$m¡Zgm h¡?

8. àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_ H$~ nm[aV {H$`m J`m?

9. ñdrS>Z _| nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE AmMma g§{hVm H$m {Z_m©U {H$gZo {H$`m h¡?

10. AnZo {dMmam| H$mo OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m _hÎdnyU© gmYZ H$m¡Zgm h¡?


(136)(136)(136)(136)(136)


_mZhm{Z_mZhm{Z_mZhm{Z_mZhm{Z_mZhm{Z : H$moB© Eogm H$m_ `m ~mV, {Og_| {H$gr H$m An_mZ `m Aà{VîR>m hmoVr hmoŸ&

bm§N>Zbm§N>Zbm§N>Zbm§N>Zbm§N>Z : H$moB© qZXZr` `m ~wam H$m_ H$aZo na M[aÌ na bJZo dmbm Yã~mŸ&

Anhm{ZAnhm{ZAnhm{ZAnhm{ZAnhm{Z : H$_ hmoZm, Jm`~ hmoZmŸ&

A{^`moJA{^`moJA{^`moJA{^`moJA{^`moJ : H$moB© H$m_ nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE _Z bJmH$a à`ËZ H$aZmŸ&

{Z{fX²Y{Z{fX²Y{Z{fX²Y{Z{fX²Y{Z{fX²Y : {Ogo Cn`moJ, à`moJ `m ì`dhma _| bmZo H$m {ZfoY {H$`m J`m hmoŸ&

_yë`m§H$Z_yë`m§H$Z_yë`m§H$Z_yë`m§H$Z_yë`m§H$Z : {H$gr dñVw H$s Cn`mo{JVm, JwU, _hÎd Am{X H$m hmoZo dmbm A§H$ZŸ&

Zm_mHy$bZm_mHy$bZm_mHy$bZm_mHy$bZm_mHy$b : Omo _mHy$b AWm©V C{MV, Cn wŠV `m R>rH$ Z hmoŸ&

~§{Xe~§{Xe~§{Xe~§{Xe~§{Xe : {H$gr àH$ma H$m ~§YZ `m éH$mdQ>Ÿ&

H$m`©nm{bH$mH$m`©nm{bH$mH$m`©nm{bH$mH$m`©nm{bH$mH$m`©nm{bH$m : emgZ H$m dh {d^mJ, Omo g§gX X²dmam nm[aV {d{Y`m| H$mo H$m © ê$n _| ~bdV H$aVmVWm CZH$m {ZînmXZ H$aVm hmoŸ&

{dYm{`H$m{dYm{`H$m{dYm{`H$m{dYm{`H$m{dYm{`H$m : {dYmZ {Z_m©Ìr g§ñWmŸ& O¡go {dYmZn[afX, {dYmZg^m, bmoH$g^m, amÁ`g^m Am{XŸ&


A)A)A)A)A)

1) g§nmXH$$ 2) 1963 3) Ý`m`mb` H$s Ad_mZZm

4) \$adar 5) nwañH$ma à{V`mo{JVm 6) 28

7) 1 \$adar, 1957 8) ^maVr` H$m°nramBQ> 9) Xmo

10) ~m~yamd {dîUw namS>H$a 11) Mm¡Wo

Am)Am)Am)Am)Am)

1. AJa {H$gr ì`pŠV na H$moB© bm§N>Z bJm`m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cg Xmofr ì`pŠV na XrdmZr Am¡a \$m¡OXmar_wH$X_o MbmE Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

2. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Zo maVr` ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo _m¡{bH$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ A§VJ©V dmH²$ Ed§ A{^ì`pŠV H$s ñdV§ÌVmàXmZ H$s h¡Ÿ&

3. ^maV gaH$ma A{Y{Z`_, 1919 Ho$ bmJy hmoZo na {deofm{YH$mam| H$mo d¡Ym{ZH$ _mÝ`Vm {_brŸ&

4. Ý`m` àUmbr H$s n{dÌVm Ed§ {dídgZr`Vm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE "Ý`m`mc` H$s Ad_mZZm' H$mZyZ~Zm`m J`mŸ&

5. àË oH$ àH$m{eV nÌ na _wÐH$, àH$meH$ VWm àH$meZ ñWmZ H$m ñnîQ> CëboI hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&



6. ^maVr` gaH$mar ahñ` A{Y{Z`_ gZ 1923 _| bmJy hþAmŸ&

7. wdH$m| Ho$ {bE hm{ZàX àH$meZ H$mZyZ H$m _w»` CX²Xoí` h¡ - ~mbH$m| Am¡a {H$emam| H$mo hm{ZH$maH$àH$meZm| Ho$ g§ m{dV Xwîn{aUm_m| go ~MmZmŸ&

8. gZ 1978 _| àog n[afX A{Y{Z`_ nm[aV {H$`m J`mŸ&

9. ñdrS>Z _| nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE AmMma g§{hVm H$m {Z_m©U amîQ>r` Šb~ Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

10. AnZo {dMmam| H$mo OZVm VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m _hÎdnyU© gmYZ nÌH$m[aVm h¡Ÿ&


dV©_mZ wJ _| nÌH$m[aVm H$mo MVwW© ñV§ H$hm J`m h¡, na§Vw amOV§Ì Ho$ VrZ ñV§ m| Vr Vah dh gaH$maHo$ AYrZ m CgHo$ AmXoem| Ho$ A§VJ©V ñWm{nV V§Ì Zht h¡Ÿ& h ñV§ OZVm H$m ñd § {Z{_©V Am¡a ñWm{nV ñV§ h¡Ÿ&àog Ho$ ^r Hw$N> Z¡{VH$ H$V©ì` Am¡a Xm{`Ëd h¢, Bg{bE Bgo OZ{hVm| H$m g~go _hÎdnyU© g§ajH$ V§Ì ñdrH$ma {H$`mJ`m h¡Ÿ& nÌH$m[aVm H$m A§{V_ CX²Xoí` OZVm H$mo gyMZm XoZm Am¡a bmoH$godm h¡, qH$Vw `h H$m © {Zînj Am¡abmo a{hV hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& _hmË_m Jm§Yr Or Zo g_mMma-nÌ H$m CX²Xoí` ~VmVo hþE H$hm Wm, ""g_mMma-nÍm H$mEH$ CX²Xoí` OZVm H$s BÀN>mAm| - {dMmam| H$mo g_PZm Am¡a CÝh| àH$Q> H$aZm h¡, Xygam CX²Xoí` OZVm _| Ano{jV^mdZmAm| H$mo OmJ¥V H$aZm Am¡a Vrgam CX²Xoí` gmd©O{ZH$ Xmofm| H$mo {Z © Vmnyd©H$ n«H$Q> H$aZm h¡Ÿ&''


1. àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZ H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

2. \«$m§grgr nÌH$mam| H$s AmMma g§{hVm H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&

3. nÌH$mam| Ho$ Xm{`Ëd Ho$ ~mao _| n§. Odmhabmb Zohê$ Or Ho$ {dMmam| H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

4. g§ wŠV amîQ>g§K _| nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bE AnZmB© JB© AmMma g§{hVm na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&

5. àOmVm§{ÌH$ ì`dñWm _| MVwW© ñV§ Ho$ ê$n _| nÌH$m[aVm H$m Xm{`Ëd g_PmBEŸ&


1. AÝ` amîQ>m| Ho$ àog g§~§Yr H$mZyZm| H$s OmZH$mar BH$Q>²>R>m H$s{OEŸ&

2. X¡. g_mMma-nÌ Ho$ H$m`m©b` _| OmH$a g§nmXH$, g§dmXXmVm, àH$meH$ Am{X Ho$ gmW nÌH$mam| Ho$ {bEAnZmB© JB© AmMma g§{hVm Ho$ {df` _| MMm© H$s{OEŸ&


1. à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr Am¡a nÌH$m[aVm - S>m°. {XZoe àgmX qgh

2. g_mMma boIZ Ed§ g§nmXZ - ZdrZ M§Ð n§V

3. nÌH$m[aVm Am¡a H$mZyZ - Amo_ JwßVm, amIr O¡Z Ed§ amOoe Mm¡Yar


4. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm ñdê$n Ed§ g§X © - S>m°. {dZmoX JmoXao

5. OZg§Mma Am¡a qhXr nÌH$m[aVm - S>m°. AOw©Z {Vdmar

6. OZg§Mma, OZg§nH©$ Ed§ {dkmnZ - S>m°. gwOmVm d_m©, Or. nr. d_m©

7. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$s ê$naoIm, IÊS> 1 - g_mMma boIZ Ed§ g§nmXZ - EZ. nr. n§V, _ZmoO Hw$_ma Omoer,{OV|X« Hw$_ma

8. nÌH$m[aVm Ho$ _yb {gX²Ym§V - ZdrZ M§Ð n§V

9. qhXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m {dH$mg - EZ. gr. n§V

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