ecosystems, energy pyramids, and food chains. plants – (producers) -food making ability...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ECOSYSTE
MS, ENERGY
PYRAMID
S, AND F
OOD
CHAINS
![Page 2: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PLANTS – (PRODUCERS)
- Food making ability- Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from the
soil, water, and air around them)
![Page 3: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
- Must depend on eating plants or other animals to get their food or energy.
ANIMALS – (CONSUMERS)
![Page 4: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ECOSYSTEMS- Biotic components (all the living organisms in the area)
- Abiotic components (the non-living features of the area – rocks, soil, climate, water)
- Plants and animals all interact with one another- (plants nourish animals, but animals also nourish plants when they
die and decompose)
- Ecology- The study of ecosystems- If something happens to a group within an ecosystem – most
likely affect the other things within the ecosystem as well.
![Page 5: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HERBIVORES
- Plant eaters (first-level consumers)
- Examples:- Ostracodes (tiny crustaceans that feed on algae)- Buffalo- Elephants
![Page 6: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CARNIVORES
- Get their energy by killing and eating other animals
- First order carnivore – consumes plant-eating animals
- Second order carnivore – consumes first order carnivores
![Page 7: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Eat both plants and other animals.
Examples: Humans
Bears
OMNIVORES
![Page 8: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SCAVENGERS
- Feed on organisms that have died naturally or have been killed by something else.
- Valuable for ecosystem- Consuming or breaking down organic wastes from dead plants or animals that
would otherwise accumulate in the system.
- Examples- Ravens- Vultures- Hyenas
- Beetles, earthworms, and maggots eat waste matter
![Page 9: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DECOMPOSERS
- break down the tissues and wastes of other organisms into the simplest compounds and nutrients
- Return these substances back into the environment
- Used by plants again for food production. (Cycle begins again)
- Examples: - Bacteria- Moulds - Fungi
![Page 10: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ENERGY LEVELS IN A ECOSYSTEM
Each time an organism eats another (energy transfer) – from the eaten to the eater.
All energy begins with the SUN -> Plant-> Herbivore-> Carnivore. (Food Chain)
Trophic Pattern – flow of energy from one type of organism to the next.
Trophic Level- level of energy
Only 10-15% of originally consumed energy is stored and available to the next organism
(most of energy used up to maintain own life processes)
Ex: By volume an ear of corn has much more available energy to give than a fattened cow.
![Page 11: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FOOD WEBS
- Are created instead of chains because different types of animals share certain food sources but not others.
![Page 12: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FOOD PYRAMIDS
Human beings could gain more energy by eating fruits, grains, and vegetables than by eating animals higher up the food chain. What implications does this have as the world struggles to feed its expanding population?
![Page 13: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FOOD PYRAMIDS
![Page 14: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FOOD PYRAMIDS
![Page 15: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY PYRAMIDS, AND FOOD CHAINS. PLANTS – (PRODUCERS) -Food making ability -Photosynthesis (manufacture food from light and elements from](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649dbe5503460f94ab23ee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FOOD PYRAMIDS