Ecosystem Services Management on Satoyama

for Sustainable Society

Masataka WatanabeFaculty of Environment and Information Studies,

Keio UniversityInstitute of Advanced Studies,

United Nations University

What is Satoyama

５０５０００ mm

００

NN

Food, medicinal plants

Fuels materials, Timber

Seed bed materials

Manure

Livestock

Seed bed

Ash

fodder

Woodland Cropland Houses

(Modified after Inui, 1996)

-Mosaic pattern of woodlands, grasslands, crop lands, paddy fields, settlements, irrigated ponds, etc.-Nature maintained by human activities such as periodically tree cutting in coppice woodland and agricultural activities.-Relationships exist between each of the different types of land use, such as the plowing of fallen leaves gathered from a woodland back into the soil as fertilizer, or the use of firewood as fuel in homes.

Secondary Secondary ForestForest

Paddy fieldPaddy field

Irrigation / Irrigation / drainage drainage systemsystem

Dry fieldDry field

BambooBamboo

PondPond

Dairy Dairy farmingfarming

Terraced Terraced paddy fieldpaddy field

Production of Production of organicorganic

fertilizer and fertilizer and charcoal charcoal

BurntBurntfieldfield

Landscape of SATOYAMALandscape of SATOYAMA

HouseHouse

OkuyamaOkuyama

Cited from Ministry of Environment, Japan

Definition of Satoyama and Satoumi

Satoyama and Satoumi can be defined as a dynamic area (zone) that inter-relates people and nature and that is created and maintained through various direct and indirect uses, such as in agriculture, forestry, fishery, tradition, culture, livelihood and environmental conservations.

– They constitute an ecosystem mosaic consisting of rural communities and their surrounding various ecosystems ,

which provide diverse ecosystem services and contribute to the creation of vision towards their conservation, rehabilitation and creation.

– Their spatial patterns vary with local natural environments, human values, and social and economical conditions.

RainfallRainfall

CITYCITY

FoodFoodproductionproduction

Marine productsMarine products

WoodWood

WaterWaterPurificationPurification

RechargeRechargewaterwater

Supply Supply (Food, Wood)(Food, Wood)

SoilSoil

ManagementManagement

SATOYAMASATOYAMA

Supply Supply (Food)(Food)SATOUMISATOUMI

OKUYAMAOKUYAMACOCO22

OrganicOrganicfertilizerfertilizer

COCO22

villagevillage

Fishing villageFishing village

Secondary Forest :21% of total landSecondary Forest :21% of total land

Japanese Red Pine [Aakamatsu]

Quercus serrata [Konara]

Quercus serrata [Konara]

Quercus crispula [Mizunara]

Coppice Forest  of Castanopsis and Oak

[Shii and Kashi]

Betula platyphylla var. japonica[Shirakanba]

Major components of Satoyama-Secondary Forest -Planted Forest-Agricultural Land-Secondary GrasslandArea of Satoyama : 43 % of total land (estimated by MOE, Japan, 2002)

Ecosystem services provided by Satoyama and Satoumi

Provisioning service 1) Fuel supply2) Fertilizer supply3) Timber and non-timber products4) Fishery products5) Food and feeding stuff

Regulating service1) Climate and water resources/water quality regulation in Satoyama2) CO2 sequestration3) Natural disaster regulation4) Water quality regulation in Satoumi

Cultural service Multifunctional and high diversity of ecosystem services

Long-term trend for firewood / charcoal production, and shiitake mushroom production in Japan

1942年69,900

1998年264

1979年2,116

2000年776

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1925

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

年

(10

材積

3 m3 )

薪炭林伐採材積 シタケ原木伏込量

Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s

Trend of arable land in Japan（Ministry of Agri. Fishery, Japan， 2009）

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200 19

56

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

耕地面積計

Tot

al a

rabl

e la

nd (1

,000

ha）

農地の拡張・かい廃面積

(1,0

00ha

/yea

r) ・耕地利用率

Ann

ual

expa

nsio

n an

d co

nver

sion

of a

rabl

e la

nd-U

tili

zati

on r

atio

農地の拡張面積

農地のかい廃面積

耕地利用率

耕地面積計

Annual expansion of arable land

Annual conversion of arable land

Total arable landArable land utilizaiton ratio

Total abandoned arable land in 2005 : 386 (1,000ha)

Trend of fishery production, trade, consumption and self-sufficient ratio（Ministry of Agri. Fishery,

Japan， 2008）

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

自給率

Self

Suf

fici

ent R

atio

(%

)

生産・輸出入量・国内消費消費量

Pro

duct

ion・

Inpo

t-ex

port・D

omes

tic

prod

ucti

on(1

,000

t)

生産量Production

自給率 Self Sufficient ratio国内消費量Domestic consumption

輸出量 Export

輸入量 Import

RainfallRainfall

Marine productsMarine products

WaterWaterPurificationPurification

RechargeRechargewaterwater

SupplySupply

SoilSoilSupply Supply

SATOUMISATOUMI

EutrophicationEutrophication

UrbanizationUrbanization

DepopulationDepopulation

DepopulationDepopulation

IndustrialIndustrialproductproduct

FoodFoodWoodsWoods

COCO22

ChemicalChemicalfertilizerfertilizer

GlobalizationGlobalization

SATOYAMASATOYAMA

OKUYAMAOKUYAMA

COCO22

CITYCITY

Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s

　 Economic development and urbanization

ImportImportExportExport

Satoyama: Solution for Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation

Agri./Land Use Recycle

Economic Model

Policy and Technological Options

Population IndustryLand Use

Sustainable resource management

Material recycle

Nutrient recycle

●Provisioning services●Regulating services●Supporting services●Cultural services

●Economical benefit●Security●Amenity●Health

Sustainable national land use policy

Agriculture and Forest policy

Food security policy

Socio-Economic System

SD

Scenario for Low Carbon Society

BAU TD DE

Biodiversity

Natural environmental conservation policy

Biodiversity conservation policy

Energy

Biomass utilization policy

Development of renewable energy

Solution for Climate Change Adaptation?

Natural System

ECO-SYSTEM　SERVICEQuality-of-life

Human-well　being

Climate ChangeGlobalizationUrbanization