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Ecosystem and cultural services in Mexico

By: Raúl Figueroa Díaz

THE SEEA AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

INTE

RM

EDIA

TE

FIN

AL

• Ecosystem contribution to economic activities.

• There are three main types: • Provisioning services • Regulation services • Cultural services

Flows between or within ecosystem

assets

EXAMPLES:

• Nutrient cycle

• Water flows between ecosystem

assets through rivers

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Intermediate ecosystem services

Summary. To avoid double accounting, only final ecosystem services are

recorded

Ecosystem services

Provisioning:

Wood, water, food, medicine goods,

energy, among others.

Regulating:

Carbon sequestration, fertilization,

forest protection for flood

Cultural:

Aesthetic, spiritual, personal

improvement, leassure and enjoyment.

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Barrancas del Cobre, Chihuahua

Towards the measurement of cultural and recreational services in Mexico

Route map for measuring ecosystem services

Identification and location of cultural assets: • Natural Protected Areas • Ramsar Sites • Archeological places • Historical places

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Sources:

• Touristic Basic Geostatistical Areas

• Satellite accounts: tourism, culture, environment

• Geographic data: Shapes (SHP, WMS, WKT y WMTS)

• Economic Census

• Public Account

• Administrative records

Route map for measuring ecosystem services 2

Technological resources and agreements:

• Institutional arrangements • Jointly work with stakeholders

• Technical Working Groups • Software: ArcGIS, Mapa Digital

de México

Route map for measuring ecosystem services

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Mapping of study sites

Land cover map

Aquaculture

Agriculture

Water bodies

Cultivated forest

Forest

Human settlements

Other special types

Scrubland

Other lands

Grassland

Deciduous forest

Evergreen forest

Semideciduous forest

Hydrophilic vegetation

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SEEA-EEA recommended spatial units LCEU Area (km2) BSU

LCEU01 = Rainfed herbaceous cropland 5.0 80

LCEU01 LCEU02 LCEU02 = Forest tree cover 2.6 42

LCEU03 = Inland water bodies 0.7 11

LCEU04 = Rainfed herbaceous cropland 2.8 45

LCEU05 = Forest tree cover 0.8 12

LCEU04 LCEU06 = Urban and associated developed 0.6 9

LCEU07 = Urban and associated developed 0.7 11

LCEU08 = Open wetlands 0.4 6

LCEU05 LCEU09 = Inland water bodies 0.5 8

LCEU10 = Forest tree cover 2.3 36

LCEU11 = Rainfed herbaceous cropland 1.8 28

Total 18.0 288

LCEU Type Area (km2) BSU

Urban and associated 1.3 20

LCEU10 LCEU11 Rainfed herbaceous cropland 9.6 153

Forest tree cover 5.6 90

Inland water bodies 1.2 19

Open wetlands 0.4 6

Total 18.0 288

Note: One BSU = 250m2 = 1 ha

EAU area = 288 BSUs = 18 km2

LCEU09

LCEU07LCEU06

LCEU08

Basic Spatial Unit (BSU) can be grid cell or “pixel”

BSU1, BSU2, BSU3…BSUn

Land Cover Ecosystem Functional Unit (LCEU) is an aggregate of BSUs based on selected criteria (land cover, elevation, management regime, etc.)

BSU1a1 + BSU1a2 + BSU1a3 = LCEU1A

BSU1b1 + BSU1b2 + BSU1b3 = LCEU1B

.

.

BSU2a + BSU2b + BSU2c = LCEU2

BSU3a + BSU3b + BSU3c = LCEU3

Ecosystem Accounting Unit (EAU) is alternative reporting aggregate of LCEUs

LCEU1A + LCEU1B + LCEU1C = LCEU1TOTAL

LCEU2A + LCEU2B + LCEU2C = LCEU2TOTAL

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Land cover of Mexico Spatial units

Basic Geostatistical Areas (AGEB, by its Spanish

acronym)

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32,956 AGEBt

+ Exchange values

Tourism Production Account in the Area

of Interest

GPV

IC

Ce

AV

FTEEP

GSO

Put your shoulder to the wheel!!!

5.7 Millions of establishments

Ce: Compensation employees VA: Value added GPV: Gross production value IC: Intermediate consumption GSO: Gross surplus of operation FTEEP: Full time equivalent employment positions

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Symbology

Agriculture Human settlements Grasslands

Semideciduous forest

Series III of use of soil and vegetation (2002) Series IV of use of soil and vegetation(2007) Series Va of use of soil and vegetation (2011)

From 2002 to 2011,

28% of the

semideciduous forest

were lost. While the

grasslands

moved to 17%

of the total area

of study.

That is, the profit from CO2

retention that was lost ranges

from 0.5 million dollars to

2.4 million dollars per year

(value of damage avoided by

carbon retention)1.

The change in forest land use

to economic activities means a

loss in soil carbon retention of

42 000 tonnes

1Depending on the discount rate applied, 5%, 3% or 2.5%.

In another hand… measuring on environmental impact of human activity Changes in the use of soil and vegetation from 2007 to 2011

Chichen-Itzá

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Geographical position of the selected site

1.56 km

Chichen-Itzá

Touristic AGEB’s

Location Pisté

Municipality Tinum 35.04 km

Touristic AGEB’s

Location Valladolid

Municipality Valladolid 16.82 km

Touristic AGEB’s

Location Kahua

Municipality Kahua

Polygon of influence of the selected area

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Chichen-Itzá

AGEB urban

Influenced

area

AGEBt

Polygon of influence of the selected area

Production of establishments

in according with TSA ARCHAEOLOGICAL PLACE: CHICHEN-ITZÁ

Census Gross Total Production (Tourism ratios)

2013

No. of

establishments Description

Thousands of

dollars

1,015 TOTAL 21,856.54

12 Hotels with other integrated services 1,263.33

2 Foreign collective transportation of passengers 1,591.10

39 Restaurants with food preparation service a la carte or run food 1,319.21

101 Antojitos restaurants 420.78

74 Tacos and tortas restaurants 616.06

44 Pizza, burgers, hot dogs and roast chicken to go restaurants 1,590.85

743 Others 15,055.20

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Archaeological place

access revenue

12.1

Maintenance

cost

14.9

Surplus

2.3

Income from the

establishments into

the 3 km influenced

polygon

5.1

Million of USD Dollars

From an economic point of view, the

maintainance cost is lower than the

incomes generated by the same

archaeological place

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The importance of the cultural and natural heritage, lies on its symbolic content and into the

social fabric through national identity, which is created in the communities

Its correct management lets to sustainable using which not risk the enjoyment for future

generations

Learned leassons:

Supporting from stakeholders, for inmediately

information using

Considering scientist point of view

To join multidisciplinary knowledgement

To use polygons instead of buffers

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Next step: bring the use of statistics to places where

important decisions are made for communities ...

The heritage conservation (chapels and churches) helps

to create poles of attraction and to take better decisions

Thank you!

Direction of Satellite Accounts http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/cn

Vivienda

Know our acounts:

PIB y Cuentas Nacionales

Inegi Informa