Economic ReformsMonopolies/Trusts

Wealth Gap

Economic Reformers sought to curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. The focus was on the following issues:

Economic Reform

» Monopolies» Trusts» Gap between Rich

and Poor

An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

16th Amendment• Income Tax!

• How can that be a good thing?How can that be a good thing?

• A “Progressive Tax” – the more income you make, the more tax you pay.

• Reduces the gap between rich and poor!Reduces the gap between rich and poor!

Moral Reforms

Prohibition (is our focus!)

Moral ReformMany felt the Morals of our society were at the

root of many turn of the century problems. - Moral Reformers sought to promote Moral

Improvements such as:

• End Drunkenness• End Gambling• End Prostitution

• Educate All Children

• “Americanize” Immigrants and Restrict Entry ofNew Immigrants

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin Irwin McDowellMcDowell

Irwin Irwin McDowellMcDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge

McClellanMcClellanAmbrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

• The Evils of AlcoholThe Evils of AlcoholThe Temperance MovementThe Temperance Movement

Moral Reform

Carrie Nation – “Saloon Smasher”

• Extremely religious upbringing

• Married a drinker (against parents wishes) who died when their daughter was an infant

• Second marriage also unsuccessful - divorced

Carrie Nation – “Saloon Hatcher”

• Used a hatchet to meet goals of temperance movement:

1. destroy property

2. convert saloon keepers

Another New Amendment!

• 18th Amendment (1919)Prohibited manufacture and sale of liquor

• This is known as Prohibition!

Lesson Essential Question

What were turn of the century political concerns

and how were they addressed?

Vocabulary

PatronageReferendum

Political MachinesPendleton Act

InitiativeRecall

Political ReformsPatronage

Election of SenateProposal of BillsVoting on Bills

Removal of Corrupt Elected Officials

All Governments (city, state, and national)

should

Political Reform Goals

1. Allow citizens to have a larger role in government affairs.

2. Be less corrupt and more efficient.

What Progressive Political

Reformers Demanded

We demand for our citizens, Political

Honesty andAccountability!

Key Political Reform Muckraker

Lincoln Steffens

“During nine years of New York City newspaper work ending in 1901, Steffens discovered abundant evidence of the corruption of politicians by businessmen seeking special privileges. In 1901 after he became managing editor of McClure’s Magazine, he began to publish the influential articles later collected as The Shame of the Cities (1906) . . . .”

Britannica Academic Editionhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/564894/Lincoln-Steffens

Boss Tweed

Political Machines and Bosses

Did you remember Boss Hogg?

• The giving of jobs or other political favors to supporters – even if they are not qualified

• Even Presidents did it! …until…

Patronage (the Spoils System)

Assassination of James A. Garfield

• Republican• Killed by a

lawyer, Charles Guiteau - not hired for a job

• Led to Pendleton Civil Service Act (testing for position)

Check out some other political reforms

Giving a Voice to Citizens Regarding Political Candidates . . .

BEFORE

• State legislature chose US Senators

AFTER

• 17th Amendment – US Senators are elected by popular vote

Giving Citizens Power Regarding Bills/Laws . . .

BEFORE

• Only members of state legislature can introduce bills

AFTER

• Initiative – Voters can put bills before the legislation

Giving Citizens Power Regarding Bills/Laws . . .

BEFORE• Only legislatures

pass laws

AFTER• Referendum –

voters can vote on bills directly

• DE voterscontrolraising school taxes

Giving Citizens A Way to Deal with Corrupt Officials

BEFORE

• Only courts or legislature can remove corrupt officials

AFTER

• Recall – voters can remove elected officials from office