ecology - tropical rainforests

83
Tropical Rainfores t PARES, Mariel SANTOS, Jemimah Joy 1

Upload: marielific

Post on 15-Jan-2015

3.857 views

Category:

Education


1 download

DESCRIPTION

A Microsoft Powerpoint 2010 presentation about the Tropical Rainforests. I used this in our Ecology class. Feel free to download =)

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

1

TropicalRainforest

PARES, MarielSANTOS, Jemimah Joy

Page 2: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20232

Rainforest A dense evergreen forest with an annual

rainfall of at least 406 centimeters (160 inches).

Page 3: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20233

Types of RainforestTropical

Rainforest The best known

rain forests found in tropical regions between the Tropics of cancer and Capricorn.

Temperate Rainforest

coniferous or broadleaf forests that occur in the temperate zone and receive high rainfall.

Page 4: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20234

Tropical Rainforest an ecosystem type that occurs roughly

within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn)

Page 5: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

5

Page 6: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20236

Characterized in two words: WARM and WET

Jewels of the Earth World’s Largest Pharmacy The MOST threatened ecosystem

Page 7: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20237

Brief HistoryWhen do Tropical Rainforests exist?

Page 8: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20238

Types of Tropical Rainforest

Page 9: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 20239

Types of Tropical Rainforest Lowland equatorial evergreen rain

forests  Moist deciduous and semi-

evergreen seasonal forests Montane rain forests Flooded forests (w/c has seven types)

Page 10: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202310

7 Types of Flooded Rainforest Permanently waterlogged swamp forest Seasonally waterlogged swamp forest Lower floodplain forest Middle floodplain forest Upper floodplain forest Old floodplain forest Previous floodplain

Page 11: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202311

Forest StructureHow does it structured?

Page 12: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202312

Layers of RainforestForest FloorUnderstory LayerCanopy LayerEmergent Layer

Page 13: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202313

Forest Floor

Page 14: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202314

The lowest level of the rainforest Detritus, duff and O horizon one of the most distinctive features of

a forest ecosystem also teems with a wide variety of fauna

and flora one of the richest components of the

ecosystem from the standpoint of biodiversity 

Page 15: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202315

OkapiOkapia johnstoni

Page 16: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202316

Sumatran RhinoDicerorhinus Sumatrensis

Page 17: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202317

TapirTapirus

Page 18: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202318

Understory Layer

Page 19: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202319

lies between the canopy and the forest floor

home to a number of birds, small mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators

Page 20: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202320

LeopardPanthera Leopardus

Page 21: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202321

Poison Dart FrogDendrobates

Page 22: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202322

Ring-Tailed CoatiNasua nasua

Page 23: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202323

Boa Constrictor

Page 24: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202324

Canopy Layer

Page 25: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202325

primary layer of the forest forming a roof over the two remaining layers

contains the majority of the largest trees

The densest areas of biodiversity

Page 26: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202326

Orchids

Page 27: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202327

Yellow-Casqued Wattled Hornbill

Page 28: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202328

Collared Sunbird

Page 29: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202329

Congo African Grey Parrot

Page 30: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202330

Emergent Layer

Page 31: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202331

contains a small number of very large trees, called emergents

Page 32: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202332

Crowned Eagle

Page 33: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202333

King Colobus

Page 34: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202334

Flying Fox

Page 35: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202335

EcologyClimate, soil, carbon flux, forest succession

Page 36: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202336

Climate “equatorial climate” (characterized by three major climatic

parameters) Temperature Rainfall Dry season intensity

Page 37: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202337

Soils – Soil Types Classification of soils

Ultisols - well weathered, acidic red clay soils

Oxisols - acidic, old, typically reddish, highly weathered and leached

Page 38: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202338

Soils – Nutrient Recycling How does nutrients in soils are recycled?

Page 39: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202339

Soils – Buttress Roots create a wide spread root network at the

surface for more efficient uptake of nutrients in a very nutrient poor and competitive environment.

Page 40: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202340

Carbon Flux defined as the exchange of carbon

dioxide between the atmosphere and a sink

Page 41: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202341

Forest Succession an ecological process that changes the

biotic community structure over time towards a more stable, diverse community structure after an initial disturbance to the community.

Page 42: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202342

GEOGRAPHY

Page 43: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202343

South and Central America Amazon Rainforest Atlantic Forest Central American Atlantic Moist Forest

Page 44: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202344

Africa Atlantic Equatorial Coastal Forest Ituri Rainforest Kilum-Ijim Forest Madagascar lowland forests

Page 45: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202345

Asia Sulawesi Lowland Rainforest Borneo Lowland Rainforest Palawan Rainforest Harapan Rainforest

Page 46: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202346

Australasia and Oceania Daintree Rainforest Huon Peninsula Montane Rainforest Hawaiian tropical rainforests

Page 47: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202347

Major Tropical RainforestsAround the world

Page 48: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202348

Page 49: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202349

Amazon Rainforest A.k.a AMAZONIA one of the world's greatest natural

resources Climate:

“LUNGS OF OUR PLANET”

Page 50: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202350

Plants

Page 51: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202351

Animals

Page 52: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202352

People

Page 53: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202353

Congo River Basin Rainforest Known as the heart of darkness by

Joseph Conrad

Page 54: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202354

Plants

Page 55: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202355

Animals

Page 56: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202356

People

Page 57: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202357

Rainforest of Central America found in coastal Brazil, northern and

western South America (from Peru to Venezuela), central America (especially Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Belize), southern Mexico, and on some islands in the Caribbean. 

Page 58: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202358

Plants

Page 59: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202359

Animals

Page 60: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202360

People

Page 61: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

61

Madagascar Rainforest home to some of the richest rainforests

on Earth. Climate:

April 10, 2023

Page 62: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202362

Plants

Page 63: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202363

Animals

Page 64: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202364

People

Page 65: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202365

Rainforest of Southeast Asia the oldest, consistent rainforests on

Earth, dating back to the Pleistocene Epoch 70 million years ago.

Page 66: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202366

Plants

Page 67: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202367

Animals

Page 68: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202368

People

Page 69: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202369

Philippine RainforestOne of the Southeast Asian Rainforest

Page 70: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202370

Plants

Page 71: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202371

Animals

Page 72: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202372

People

Page 73: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202373

Biodiversity and SpeciationInterspecific competition hypothesis, Pleistocene refugia

Page 74: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202374

Interspecific Competition Hypothesis because of the high density of species

with similar niches in the tropics and limited resources available, they must do one of two things: become extinct or find a new niche.

Page 75: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202375

Pleistocene Refugia A theory developed by Jürgen Haffer in

1969 To further understand this theory, watch

this video of

Page 76: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202376

Human DimensionsHabitation, Indigenous People, Resources, Ecosystem Services, Tourism

Page 77: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202377

Habitation Tropical rainforests are unable to

support human life

Page 78: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202378

Indigenous People: Pygmy Peoplehunter-gatherer groups living in equatorial rainforests characterized by their short height

Page 79: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202379

ResourcesCultivated foods and spicesYam, Coffee, chocolate, banana, mango, papaya, macadamia, avocado, and sugarcane all originally came from tropical rainforest and are still mostly grown on plantations in regions that were formerly primary forest.

Page 80: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202380

Ecosystem Services Humankind benefits from a multitude of

resources and processes that are supplied by natural ecosystems.

e.g. Clean Drinking Water

Page 81: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202381

Tourism an increase in tourism has increased

economic support, allowing more revenue to go into the protection of the habitat. e.g. Ecotours

increase public appreciation of the environment and to spread awareness of environmental problems when it brings people into closer contact with the environment.

Page 82: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202382

CONSERVATIONThreats and Protection

Page 83: Ecology - Tropical Rainforests

April 10, 202383

PAST and PRESENTThe rainforests before, how it were slowly getting destroyed, and ways to conserve it.