ecology review populations resources biodiversity waste populations resources biodiversity waste
TRANSCRIPT
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Ecology Review Ecology Review
PopulationsResources
BiodiversityWaste
PopulationsResources
BiodiversityWaste
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1. Exponential Growth
• A. Remains constant• B. Starts out slowly and remains
slow• C. Starts out slowly then becomes
very rapid• D. Starts rapidly and remains rapid
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2. Earth’s capital includes all of the following except:
• A. Wildlife• B. Sunlight• C. Water• D. Soil
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3. A sustainable society
• A. lives off of income without depleting its earth capital
• B. meets the needs of its people without jeopardizing the needs of future generations
• C. Manages its economy and population size without exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment
• D. all of these answers
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4. Most of the environmental problems we
face are
• A. increasing linearly • B. decreasing linearly• C. increasing exponentially• D. decreasing exponentially
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5. Approximately how long as the species Homo sapiens lived on Earth?
• A. 4,000 • B. 12,000• C. 60,000• D. 100,000
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6. Domestication of wild plants and animals
occurred about ____ years ago.
• A. 5,000• B. 10,000 • C. 15,000• D. 20,000
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7. The industrial revolution began about ___ years ago.
• 100• 175• 200• 275
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8. Which of the following characterize cultural
revolutions?
• A. Decreased food supplies• B. Increased resource consumption
and pollution• C. Worsening living standards• D. Shorter life spans
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9. Which of the following statements about
developing countries is true?
• A. They are highly industrialized. • B. They have high average GNPs per person• C. The US, Canada, Japan and western
European countries are developing countries
• D. They use about twelve percent of the world’s resources
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10. About ___% of the world’s human population lives in the developing countries.
• A. 49• B. 59• C. 69• D. 79
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11. More than ___% of the projected increase in world population is expected to take place in developing
countries.
• A. 65• B. 75• C. 85• D. 95
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12. Since 1960, the gap between rich and poor, as
measured by GNP per capita, has
• A. decreased, then increased since 1980
• B. increased, then substantially decreased since 1980
• C. increased, then substantially increased since 1980
• D. decreased, then substantially decreased since 1980
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13.For something to be classified as a resource, it
must
• A. satisfy a human need• B. Be steadily renewed or
replenished• C. be a form of matter• D. exist in abundance
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14. All of the following are potentially renewable
resources except
• A. groundwater• B. trees in a rainforest• C. fertile soil• D. oil
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15. Use of a natural resource based on a sustainable yield
applies to
• A. renewable resources • B. nonrenewable resources• C. perpetual resources• D. amenity resources
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16. Which of the following best describes the concept
of environmental degradation?
• A. using solar power at a rapid rate• B. using oil• C. cutting trees for wood products• D. letting agricultural runoff cause
oxygen depletion and fish kills downstream
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17. Resources that are called nonrenewable
• A. are also called perpetual resources
• B. are only resources that are alive• C. are capable of economic
depletion• D. are derived from solar capital
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18. All nonrenewable resources can be
• A. converted to nonmetallic minerals
• B. converted to renewable ones• C. exhausted or depleted• D. recycled or reused
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19. Which of the following statements best illustrates
the tragedy of the commons?
• A. A factory pollutes a river as much as the law allows.
• B. Some levels of pollution are life threatening.
• C. Some activities harm the environment, but others do not
• D. Irrigated cropland can be ruined by salinization
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20. On the outskirts of a municipality lies a forest on public property. A person
applying the precautionary approach
• A. Clear-cutting the forest to provide taxes for the town
• B. Converting the natural woods to tree farms• C. harvesting trees at their estimated
sustainable yield• D. Harvesting trees below their estimated
sustainable yield
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21. New efforts to prevent the tragedy of the commons
include
• A. using common-property resources at or above their sustainable yields
• B. converting land from private to more public ownership
• C. moving from a taxpayers pay approach to a users pay approach
• D. deregulation of industries that use common-property resources
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22. Which of the following is an example of recycling?
• A. Collecting and remelting beer cans
• B. cleaning and refilling soft drink bottles
• C. selling used clothing at a garage sale
• D. saving leftovers in a peanut butter jar
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23. We can extend use of nonrenewable resources by
• A. reducing direct consumption of the resource
• B. reusing the same form of a particular resource many times
• C. recycling a resource into new products
• D. all of these answers
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24. When a resource is economically depleted, we
can
• A. Recycle or reuse existing supplies
• B. waste less• C. develop substitutes• D. all of these answers
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25. Pollution includes
• A. dumping detergents into streams, causing fish kills
• B. Spraying with DDT, lowering the eagle population
• C. releasing gases from coal combustion, causing acid rain
• D. all of these answers
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26. Effects of pollution might include
• A. being unable to see the top of skyscrapers because of smog
• B. acid rain-induced destruction of a statue in your city park
• C. spread of disease from an open dump
• D. all of these answers
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27. Point sources of pollution include all of the following
except
• A. an automobile tailpipe• B. a factory smokestack• C. a drainpipe from a power plant• D. runoff from cropland
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28. Nonpoint sources of pollution include all of the
following except
• A. pesticides dispersed by airplane and wind onto a crop
• B. runoff from a stockyard• C. a smokestack from a power
plant• D. Fertilizer runoff from lawns.
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29. Which of the following is not important in determining
the damage caused by a pollutant?
• A. concentration• B. persistence• C. origin• D. chemical nature
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30. Persistent pollutants include
• A. grass clippings• B. most plastics• C. paper cups• D. food waste
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31. Nondegradable pollutants include
• A. tin cans• B. human sewage• C. lead• D. detergent
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33. You generally buy and eat microwave dinners. After dinner, cardboard tops and plastic trays remain. The
least effective way to deal with this solid waste is to
• A. store leftovers in the plastic trays• B. put all of the solid waste in household
trash to be taken to the landfill• C. donate the plastic trays to the local
nursery schools to use with preschoolers• D. recycle the components
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34. Pollution cleanup approaches
• A. may be overwhelmed by continuing population growth
• B. often transfer pollutants between different parts of the ecosystem
• C. May be very costly once pollutants are dispersed in the environment
• D. all of these answers
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35. Pollution prevention receives about ____% of the US environmental pollution
budget
• A. 1• B. 10• C. 20• D. 30
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36. Of the following major environmental problems, the one with the least effect on
food supply is
• A. groundwater depletion• B. overgrazing• C. outdoor air pollutants• D. soil erosion
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37. Underlying root causes of unsustainable resource use include all of the following
except
• A. poverty• B. overpopulation• C. overreliance on renewable energy
resources• D. prices that do not include
environmental and social costs of products
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39. Exponentially growing depletion and degradation of
earth capital cause
• A. soil erosion• B. loss of biodiversity• C. deforestation• D. all of these answers
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39. A very simple model of environmental degradation and pollution would include all of the following except
• A. number of people• B. the climate in which the people live• C. average number of units of
resources each person uses• D. amount of environmental
degradation and pollution generated when each unit of resource is produced
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40. Of the following behaviors, the one that runs counter to the way the Earth
works is
• A. Recycling of materials• B. Controlling population growth• C. producing and consuming
anything people are willing to buy• D. making sacrifices now for future
generations
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41. Of the following actions, the only one that does the
least to sustain the Earth is
• A. protecting Earth’s biodiversity• B. controlling human population
growth• C. utilizing renewable resources
whenever possible• D. increasing our dependence on
nonrenewable resources