ecology of anopheles mosquito and transmission of malaria ... · dominance of anopheles genus &...
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Ecology of Anopheles mosquito and transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in rural-suburban
settings in rice growing areas, Côte d’Ivoire www.csrs.ch Dr. Julien Zahouli 30.6.18
: Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques (CSRS)
: Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
: Research & Development
: www.csrs.ch
Institution
City & Country
Department
Website
: ANH 2019, Hyderabad, India
: The Westin Mindspace Hotel
: Session 6B ; Ballroom 1
: June 27, 2019 ; 2:10 pm - 3:30 pm
Conference
Place
Session & Room
Date & Time
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CONTENT
Introduction
Methods
Results & Discussion
Conclusions
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
INTRODUCTION
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3
INTRODUCTION
Côte d’Ivoire
Malaria & lymphatic filariasis (LF)
• Malaria: 450,000 deaths/y, FL: 120 million cases/y (Sub-Sahar. Africa)
Vectors
• Anopheles gambiae mosquito
Parasites
• Plasmodium falciparum
• Wuchereria bancroftiZahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
Rice growing
An. gambiae
P. falciparum W. bancrofti
• Prevalent: Rural/suburban in rice growing areas
Diseases
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INTRODUCTION
Aim
Specific objectives
To assess the ecology of An. gambiae and the transmission of Plasmodium
and Wuchereria along a rural-urban gradient in irrigated rice growing areas
Species composition of mosquitoes & dynamics of An. gambiae;
Biting & resting behaviours of An. gambiae females;
Transmission of P. falciparum & W. bancrofti by An. gambiae.
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
METHODS
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Adult mosquito collectionMosquito larvae collection
4
3 21
Laboratory treatment
PCR techniqueRice development cycle
METHODS
P. falciparum W. bancrofti
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
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Dominance of Anopheles genus & An. gambiae species
Mosquito genera
Anopheles species
Rural Suburban
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
n = 10,312
19 species
n = 7,662
14 species
n = 7,193
5 speciesn = 6,762
6 species
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Bit
e/p
erso
n/n
igh
t Rural
Suburban
9
An. gambiae abundance correlated to rice field development stage
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
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10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
No
mb
re d
e p
iqû
res/
ho
mm
e/h
eu
re (
p/h
/h)
Tranches horaires
Abokro
Extérieur
Intérieur
Global
Divergences in An. gambiae biting behaviours: Challenge for LLINs?
Endophagy = 67.4% ; Exophagy = 32.6% ; LLINs: Yes Endophagy = 49.3% ; Exophagy: 50.7% ; LLINs: no?
Rural Suburban
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019B
ite/
per
son
/ho
ur
(b/p
/h)
Bit
e/p
erso
n/h
ou
r (b
/p/h
)
Outdoor
Indoor
OverallOutdoor
Indoor
Overall
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ta
ux
de
pa
rtu
rité
ho
rair
e (
TP
)
Tranches horaires
Abokro
Nullipares
Pares
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ta
ux
de
pa
rtu
rité
ho
rair
e (
TP
)
Tranches horaires
Yaokoffikro
Nullipares
Pares
Difference in the temporal distribution of An. gambiae parity rate
Parturity rate = 75.8% Parturity rate = 84.5%
Rural Suburban
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
Period (hours) Period (hours)
Nulliparous
Parous
Nulliparous
Parous
Parr
ity
rate
(%
)
Pari
ty r
ate
(%
)
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P. falciparum & W. bancrofti transmitted by An. gambiae
Heterogeneous biting & resting behaviour in An. gambiae
Endophagic rate (%) Exophagic rate (%) Indoor resting density (f/b/d)
Rural 67.4 32.6 14.9
Suburban 49.3 50.7 2.9
%: percentage f/c/j: female/bedroom/day d: day
Biting rate (b/p/n) P. falciparum EIR (ib/p/n) W. Bancrofti IR (%)
Rural 92.2 6.5 0.34
Suburban 99.0 6.4 0.53
b/p/n : bite/person/night ib/p/y : infectd bite/person/night EIR: entomological inoculation rate IR: Infection rate
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
CONCLUSIONS
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Conclusion, Perspectives & Recommendations
Results
An. gambiae abundanceP. falciparum
W. bancrifti
Entomo/Epidemilogy Urbanism
Health sector Urbanism sector
Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
Rice growing
Research
Intervention
Interdisciplinarity
Transdisciplinarity
Multisectoriality
Outcomes
An. gambiae behavioursUrbanisation
Agriculture
Agricult. sector
Malaria & LF ?
CONCLUSIONS
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Zahouli et al. 2019. Côte d’Ivoire: Anopheles, malaria, lymphatic filariasis & irrigated rice growingANH 2019