ecology. ecology the study of the abundance, distribution, and diversity of organisms and their...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ECOLOGYECOLOGY
![Page 2: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ECOLOGYECOLOGYThe study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment.
![Page 3: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ECOLOGYECOLOGYABUNDANCE - amount of individuals of one speciesDISTRIBUTION - the arrangement of different species in an areaDIVERSITY - amounts of different species
![Page 4: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION
RANDOM CLUMPED UNIFORM
![Page 5: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Factors that affect Factors that affect distribution distribution
on a Rocky Shoreon a Rocky Shore
predator/prey (seastars predator/prey (seastars eat mussels)eat mussels)
shelter (seaweeds shelter (seaweeds provide shelter for small provide shelter for small crustaceans)crustaceans)
food (seaweeds provide food (seaweeds provide food for snails)food for snails)
competition (kelp for competition (kelp for space)space)
![Page 6: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What ecology concentrates onWhat ecology concentrates onis studying is studying
POPULATION DYNAMICSPOPULATION DYNAMICS
The changes in abundance (the amount of individuals) in an area over time
![Page 7: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ecology is Ecology is different from different from
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEAL SCIENCE
How?How?
![Page 8: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESCIENCE
Incorporates the Incorporates the impact of human impact of human activities, both activities, both
planned and planned and unplanned on the unplanned on the
environment.environment.
![Page 9: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ORGANISM
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
ORGANIZATION
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
![Page 11: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
POPULATIONPOPULATION•interbreeding assemblage of a single species in an area
i.e. population of bunnies
![Page 12: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYPopulations of different species living and interacting together.
![Page 13: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEMMany communitiestogether within an area that share common abiotic factors.
![Page 14: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE
•all ecosystems on Earth and the interactions between organisms and the environment within them•composed of 2 types of ecosystems
-biome (terrestrial)-aquatic life system (water)
![Page 15: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS Maintaining a Maintaining a
stable stable environmentenvironment
when factors when factors change organism change organism must readjust to must readjust to re-establish the re-establish the balance (or die)balance (or die)
Factors to be Factors to be MaintainedMaintained
temperature temperature amount of water amount of water amount of saltsamount of salts nutrientsnutrients levels of waste levels of waste
productsproducts
![Page 17: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ABIOTICABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT
temperaturetemperaturesalinitysalinitypressurepressuresunlightsunlightsedimentssediments
nonliving components
![Page 18: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TEMPERATURETEMPERATUREWhich are ectotherms? Which are endotherms?
AS TEMPERATURE DECREASES, DENSITY INCREASES
![Page 19: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
SALINITYSALINITY•as salinity increases, density increases
•salinity is measured in parts of salt per thousand parts of water (ppt)
![Page 21: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PRESSUREPRESSURE
![Page 22: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Expanding swimbladder may push on eyes!
![Page 23: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
AMOUNT OF AMOUNT OF RAINFALLRAINFALL
![Page 24: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SUNLIGHTSUNLIGHT
![Page 25: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
BIOTICBIOTIC ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
all living all living componentcomponentss
i.e. fish, fern, etci.e. fish, fern, etc
![Page 26: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
BIOTIC INTERACTIONSBIOTIC INTERACTIONS
predator/prey predator/prey interactionsinteractions
competitioncompetitionsymbiosissymbiosis
![Page 27: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
`̀
![Page 29: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Abiotic and Biotic Abiotic and Biotic ComponentsComponents
![Page 30: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
HABITAHABITATT• the environment in which an
organism lives
example: habitats of people
rural
suburban
urban
![Page 31: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
MICROHABITATMICROHABITAT
![Page 32: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Rocky ShoresRocky ShoresRocky Shore
![Page 34: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sandy Beaches
![Page 35: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Coral ReefCoral Reef
![Page 36: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SoilSoil
![Page 37: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE
total area in which a species can live
![Page 38: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Biomes vs. Aquatic Life Biomes vs. Aquatic Life SystemsSystems
Biomes are terrestrial Biomes are terrestrial regions inhabited by regions inhabited by certain types of life, certain types of life, especially vegetation; each especially vegetation; each biome also has a biome also has a characteristic climate and characteristic climate and geographical locationgeographical location
![Page 40: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Aquatic life systems are Aquatic life systems are marine and freshwater marine and freshwater portions of the biosphere; portions of the biosphere; Examples include freshwater Examples include freshwater systems (lakes, ponds, rives) systems (lakes, ponds, rives) or marine systems or marine systems (estuaries, coastlines, coral (estuaries, coastlines, coral reefs, deep ocean)reefs, deep ocean)
![Page 41: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
NichesNiches
NicheNiche- total way of life or - total way of life or role of a species in an role of a species in an ecosystem. It includes all ecosystem. It includes all physical, chemical, and physical, chemical, and biological conditions a biological conditions a species needs to live and species needs to live and reproduce in an ecosystemreproduce in an ecosystem
![Page 42: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
BiodiversityBiodiversity
Biological diversity refers to Biological diversity refers to the variety of different species the variety of different species (species diversity), genetic (species diversity), genetic variability among individuals variability among individuals within a species (genetic within a species (genetic diversity), and the variety of diversity), and the variety of ecosystems (ecological ecosystems (ecological diversity)diversity)
![Page 43: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Areas with higher numbers Areas with higher numbers of DIFFERENT species are of DIFFERENT species are more diverse than those that more diverse than those that have high numbers of the have high numbers of the same type of species same type of species (abundance)(abundance)
Do not confuse biodiversity Do not confuse biodiversity with abundance!!!!!!with abundance!!!!!!
![Page 44: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
InteractionsInteractions
Organisms interact with Organisms interact with one another and ecologists one another and ecologists study these interactions study these interactions
![Page 45: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Types of InteractionsTypes of Interactions
1. Same species to same 1. Same species to same species species
2. Same species to 2. Same species to different speciesdifferent species
3. Species to 3. Species to environment/surroundingsenvironment/surroundings
![Page 46: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Important Species Important Species InteractionsInteractions
CompetitionCompetition-2 or more -2 or more organisms attempting to use the organisms attempting to use the same scarce resources in the same scarce resources in the same ecosystemsame ecosystem
SymbiosisSymbiosis-any intimate -any intimate relationship or association relationship or association between members of 2 or more between members of 2 or more species (5 types)species (5 types)
![Page 47: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
1. Competition1. Competition2. Predation2. Predation3. Mutualism- interaction 3. Mutualism- interaction
where both species benefitwhere both species benefit4. Commensalism- 4. Commensalism-
interaction in which one interaction in which one organisms benefits while organisms benefits while the other is neither helped the other is neither helped nor harmednor harmed
![Page 48: ECOLOGY. ECOLOGY The study of the ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, and DIVERSITY of organisms and their interactions within an environment](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051517/56649e9c5503460f94b9d136/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
5. Parasitism- interaction 5. Parasitism- interaction in which one organism in which one organism benefits while the other is benefits while the other is harmedharmed