ecological succession -- changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community
TRANSCRIPT
Ecological succession-- Changes in the composition or
structure of an ecological community
Types of ecological succession:
• Primary succession• Secondary succession• Seasonal (cyclic) succession
Successional modesPrimary succession
• Cataclysmic disturbance• Pioneer species are adapted to
extreme environments• Pioneer species make new soil
so that other plants can eventually live there too
Secondary succession• Ecological disturbance such as:
– Wildfire– Pollution– Storm
• Pioneer species colonize existing soil once inhabited by other species
Ecological succession
Minor ecological
disturbance
Period of gradual
ecosystem development
Period of gradual
ecosystem development
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Ecological equilibrium• Also called dynamic or climax equilibrium• Environment is in a relatively steady state• Biological invasion must occur through
competition alone
Example: Hawai’ian Islands
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island is
the site of active volcanism
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island is
the site of active volcanism (CATA_______ EVENT)
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island is
the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island is
the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island
is the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
• Species colonizing nearest the volcanoes are _______ SPECIES
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island is
the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
• Species colonizing nearest the volcanoes are PIONEER SPECIES– Algae, lichens, moss, fungi, grasses
Ecological succession in Hawai’i• Chain of islands being
actively formed• Oldest and largest island is
the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
• Species colonizing nearest the volcanoes are PIONEER SPECIES– Algae, lichens, moss, fungi, grasses– Pioneer species make ____
• Chain of islands being actively formed
• Oldest and largest island is the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
• Species colonizing nearest the volcanoes are PIONEER SPECIES– Algae, lichens, moss, fungi, grasses
– Pioneer species make SOIL
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
• Chain of islands being actively formed
• Oldest and largest island is the site of active volcanism (CATACLYSMIC EVENT)
• Species colonizing nearest the volcanoes are PIONEER SPECIES– Algae, lichens, moss, fungi, grasses
– Pioneer species make SOIL
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
PRIMARY SUCCESSION
• No cataclysmic events on older islands (Kauai, Oahu) in recent geologic history
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
• No cataclysmic events on older islands (Kauai, Oahu) in recent geologic history
• Species colonizing existing habitats are performing _________ SUCCESSION
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
• No cataclysmic events on older islands (Kauai, Oahu) in recent geologic history
• Species colonizing existing habitats are performing SECONDARY SUCCESSION
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
• No cataclysmic events on older islands (Kauai, Oahu) in recent geologic history
• Species colonizing existing habitats are performing SECONDARY SUCCESSION
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
Older islands are in a state of ECOLOGICAL ___________
• No cataclysmic events on older islands (Kauai, Oahu) in recent geologic history
• Species colonizing existing habitats are performing SECONDARY SUCCESSION
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
Older islands are in a state of ECOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
________ SUCCESSION – Mauna Loa/Hualalai saddle, Big Island
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
PRIMARY SUCCESSION – Mauna Loa/Hualalai saddle, Big Island
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
___________ SUCCESSION – Kalaulau valley, Kauai
Ecological succession in Hawai’i
SECONDARY SUCCESSION – Kalaulau valley, Kauai