ecoagriculture landscapes to manage risks to land & ecosystems
TRANSCRIPT
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Ecoagriculture Landscapes to Ecoagriculture Landscapes to Manage Risks to Land & Ecosystems Manage Risks to Land & Ecosystems
Sara J. Scherr, Ecoagriculture PartnersWorld Agroforestry Congress, Nairobi, Kenya, August 26, 2009
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Carbon sequestration and storage
Soil formation and fertility
Plant pollination
Watershed protection and regulation
Air quality Pest & disease control
Wild species & habitat protection
Decomposition of wastes Landscape beauty
Challenges for conserving our “natural infrastructure” in the 21st century
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Impacts of land degradation on agricultural Impacts of land degradation on agricultural productivityproductivity
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Build ‘ecoagriculture’ landscapes that Build ‘ecoagriculture’ landscapes that restore degraded lands, build resilience, restore degraded lands, build resilience, sequester carbonsequester carbon
Agricultural landscapes managed to enhance rural livelihoods and sustainable agricultural
production (of crops, livestock, fish and forest), while conserving or restoring ecosystem
services and biodiversity.
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Ecoagricultur StrategiesIn conservation areas• Create and manage conservation
reserves to benefit local farming communities
• Provide connectivity of native habitat , hydrology thru networks of non-farmed areas
• Reduce or reverse land conversion by increasing farm productivity
• Develop specific species and WS conservation plans
In production areas• Minimize agricultural pollution• Use ecologically-compatible
management of soil, water, and vegetation
• Modify farming systems to mimic natural ecosystems
• Maintain diversity of crop species & varieties
Ecoagriculture strategies to meet diverse goals in the landscape
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Integrate climate adaptation with emissions Integrate climate adaptation with emissions reduction/sequestration at landscape scalereduction/sequestration at landscape scale
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1)1) Restore degraded croplands: improveRestore degraded croplands: improve soil organic matter and structure, soil organic matter and structure,
vegetative cover, biological health vegetative cover, biological health
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2) Integrate perennials (tree, shrubs, 2) Integrate perennials (tree, shrubs, palms, grasses) in production systems for palms, grasses) in production systems for diversity, vegetative barriers, diversity, vegetative barriers, sequestrationsequestration
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3) Restore degraded pastures with 3) Restore degraded pastures with managed grazing, temporary fencing, managed grazing, temporary fencing, fodder banks, range mgmt, manure mgmtfodder banks, range mgmt, manure mgmt
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4) Restore degraded watersheds, improve 4) Restore degraded watersheds, improve water mgmt, expand rainwater harvest water mgmt, expand rainwater harvest
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5) Protect natural forests, grasslands and 5) Protect natural forests, grasslands and wetlands and sustainable use systems wetlands and sustainable use systems within working landscape mosaicwithin working landscape mosaic
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Combatting land degradation: Combatting land degradation: Scaling up action Scaling up action
International: UN CCD, GEF Land Degradation Regional: TerrAfrica National: Australia, China, India, South Africa Landscape: Landcare movement, numerous local land & ecosystem restoration initiatives
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Cross-sectoral regional, community & Cross-sectoral regional, community & farm planning for investments in landfarm planning for investments in land
GHG emissions by sector in 2004,
Source: IPCC
Capacities needed:
• Landscape literacy
• Multi-stakeholder planning & negotiation
• Landscape design
• Landscape tracking
• Communications
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Framework for measuring landscape
performance
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Landscape Measures Resource Center(www.landscapemeasures.org)
• Contents– Process – Practice– Case Studies– Glossary
• Process– Define approach– Engage stakeholders– Select goals/criteria– Choose indicators– Establish baseline– Track & report change
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Landscape Measures Initiative: Phase 2 – Proof of concept
• June 2009 consultation • Leadership group forming• Applying approach in diverse
landscapes• Link to climate & land use initiatives
• Opportunities to collaborate in WWF-supported landscapes?
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Major challenges for reducing and Major challenges for reducing and reversing risks of degradationreversing risks of degradation
-> Research on least-cost solutions
-> Systems for local adaptive research
-> Institutional innovation for farmer learning & knowledge-sharing
-> Financial innovation for collaborative landscape planning, monitoring
-> Link to agricultural investment
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Thank you…Thank you…
www.ecoagriculture.org