ecg interpretation learning the basic-jmj

8/8/2019 Ecg Interpretation Learning the Basic-jmj

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ecg-interpretation-learning-the-basic-jmj 1/89



GD@IE]ASIU0U}k}i }fi efkoditu klm skjsiu gc }fi fikt},

U}k}i }fi maccitileiu di}~iil ijie}taekj klm

oiefklaekj eijju ~a}fal }fi fikt},

Miuetadi }fi jgek}agl klm cyle}agl gc }fi

cgjjg~aln u}tye}ytiu0♣ Ualgk}takj &UK lgmi!

♣ K}tagsil}taeyjkt &KS! `yle}agl

♣ Dylmji gc Fau

♣ Dylmji dtklefiu

♣ Rythal`i caditu



GD@IE]ASIU egl}alyim0Lkoi }fi }ftii ektmake rkeiokhitu* }fiat

jgek}aglu klm al}taluae fikt} tk}iu gc rkealn,U}k}i gli oi}fgm gc fikt} tk}i ekjeyjk}agl,

Miuetadi IEN efktke}itau}aeu* lytualn

rtagta}aiu* klm ala}akj }tik}oil} gr}aglu cgt }fi cgjjg~aln tfq}fou0

♣ Lgtokj ualyu tfq}fo ♣ Ualyu dtkmqektmak

♣ Ualyu }kefqektmak ♣ K}takj cadtajjk}agl

♣ K}takj cjy}}it

♣ Catu} mintii fikt} djgeh



GD@IE]ASIU egl}alyim0

♣ Uieglm mintii fikt} djgeh* }qri A♣ Uieglm mintii fikt} djgeh* }qri AA

♣ ]fatm'Egorji}i fikt} djgeh

♣ Rtiok}yti sil}taeyjkt egl}tke}agl

&RSE!

♣ Sil}taeyjkt }kefqektmak

♣ Sil}taeyjkt cadtajjk}agl

♣ Kuqu}gji



Uie}agl ;0 Klk}goq klm Rfquagjgnq

Fikt} Efkoditu]fi fikt} au k cgyt/efkoditim

u}tye}yti okmi yr gc }~g tieiasaln

efkoditu ekjjim k}tak klm }~gryoraln efkoditu ekjjim sil}taejiu,



Kgt}k

Ryjoglktq

Kt}itq

Jic} K}tayo

Jic}

Sil}taeji

Tanf}

Sil}taeji

Tanf} K}tayo



Skjsi ]qri SkjsiLkoi

Jgek}agl

K}tagsil}taeyjkt

&KS&

]taeyuram

Oa}tkj

Uirktk}iu tanf} k}tayo klm

tanf} sil}taejiUirktk}iu jic} k}tayo klm jic}

sil}taeji

Uioajylkt Ryjoglae

Kgt}ae

Di}~iil tanf} sil}taeji klmryjoglktq kt}itq

Di}~iil jic} sil}taeji klmkgt}k

Egttijk}agl }g Fikt} Ugylmu]fi catu} fikt} ugylm ekjjim U; &gt ‚Jyd‟ gc }fi ‚Jyd/Myd‟ ugylm!au }fi tiuyj} gc ejguyti gc }fi }taeyuram klm oa}tkj skjsiu mytalnsil}taeyjkt egl}tke}agl, ]fi uieglm fikt} ugylm ekjjim U4 &gt ‚Myd‟! geeytu k} }fi ilm gc sil}taeyjkt egl}tke}agl myi }g }fi

ejguyti gc }fi kgt}ae klm ryjoglae skjsiu,



Kgt}ae Skjsi

Ryjoglae Skjsi

&fammil

Oa}tkj Skjsi

]taeyuram Skjsi

Fikt} Skjsiu



Uie}agl 40 Dkuae Ijie}tgrfquagjgnq

Ijie}taekj klm Oiefklaekj Rtgrit}aiu ]~g mau}ale} egorglil}u oyu} geeyt cgt }fi fikt} }g di kdji }g

egl}tke} klm ryor djggm, ]fiui egorglil}u kti K! kl ijie}taekj

aoryjui klm D! k oiefklaekj tiurglui }g }fi aoryjui,

]fi ijie}taekj aoryjui }ijju }fi fikt} }g dik}, ]fau rtgrit}q au ekjjim

ky}gok}aea}q, Ky}gok}aea}q oiklu }fk} }fiui urieakjapim eijju ~a}fal}fi fikt} ekl mauefktni kl ijie}taekj eyttil} ~a}fgy} kl iv}itlkj

rkeiokhit* gt u}aoyjyu ctgo }fi dtkal sak }fi uralkj egtm,

]fi oiefklaekj dik}aln gt egl}tke}agl gc }fi fikt} geeytu kc}it }fi

ijie}taekj u}aoyjk}agl, ^fil }fi oiefklaekj egl}tke}agl geeytu* }fi

ritugl ~ajj fksi dg}f k fikt} tk}i klm k djggm rtiuuyti,

Al uyooktq* }fi fikt} fku dg}f kl ijie}taekj klm k oiefklaekj

rtgrit}q,



Mirgjktapk}agl klm Tirgjktapk}agl

Al k ektmake eijj* }~g rtaoktq efioaekju

rtgsami }fi ijie}taekj efktniu0 ugmayo &Lk(! klm rg}kuuayo &H(!, Al }fi tiu}alneijj* }fi rg}kuuayo au ogu}jq gl }fialuami* ~faji }fi ugmayo au ogu}jq gl }figy}uami, ]fau tiuyj}u al k link}asijq

efktnim eijj k} tiu} &}fi al}itagt gc }fiektmake eijj au ogu}jq link}asi gt rgjktapim k} tiu}!, ^fil mirgjktapim*}fi al}itagt eijj diegoiu rgua}asijqefktnim klm }fi ektmake eijj ~ajjegl}tke},



Tirgjktapk}agl au }fi ti}ytl gc ijie}taekj efktniu }g }fiat gtanalkj u}k}i, ]fau rtgeiuu oyu} fkrril dicgti }fieijju ekl di tikmq eglmye} knkal, Isil }fgynf ~ifksi lg} qi} al}tgmyeim }fi IEN ~ksicgtou }g qgy*uaorjq jggh k} }fi makntko dijg~ klm lg}i }fimirgjktapk}agl klm tirgjktapk}agl rfkuiu ku }fiq ktitirtiuil}im gl }fi IEN,



Uie}agl 50 ]fi Eglmye}agl Uqu}io

]fi urieakjapim ijie}taekj eijju al }fi

fikt} kti kttklnim al k uqu}io gc rk}f~kqu ekjjim }fi eglmye}agluqu}io, ]fiui urieakjapim ijie}taekjeijju klm u}tye}ytiu nyami }fi ~ksi gc oqgektmakj mirgjktapk}agl,

]fi eglmye}agl uqu}io egluau}u gc }fiUalgk}takj lgmi &UK lgmi*K}tagsil}taeyjkt Lgmi &KS lgmi*

Dylmji gc Fau &kjug ekjjim }fi KS@yle}agl!* Tanf} klm Jic} Dylmji

Dtklefiu* klm Rythal`i Caditu,



Ualgk}takj &UK Lgmi

]fi Ualgk}takj lgmi &kjug ekjjim }fi UK lgmi gt ualyulgmi! au k ntgyr gc urieakjapim eijju jgek}im al }firgu}itagt ~kjj gc }fi tanf} k}tayo,A} au egoogljq hlg~lku }fi lk}ytkj rkeiokhit gc }fi fikt}, ]fi UK lgmi

lgtokjjq catiu k} k tk}i gc 32/;22 dik}u rit oaly}i,

Kc}it }fi UK lgmi catiu* k ~ksi gc ektmake eijju dinal }gmirgjktapi, Mirgjktapk}agl geeytu }ftgynfgy} dg}f}fi tanf} klm jic} k}tak &uaoajkt }g }fi tarrji iccie}~fil k tgeh au }ftg~l al}g k rglm!, ]fau aoryjui}tksiju }ftgynf }fi k}tak dq ~kq gc al}it/lgmkjrk}f~kqu mg~l }g }fi liv} u}tye}yti* ~faef au ekjjim

}fi KS lgmi,

K dkeh/yr rkeit aujgek}im al }fiktik gc likt }fiDylmji gc Fau,]fi calkj dkeh/yrrkeit au jgek}im al}fi sil}taejiukjgln }fi Rythal`icaditu, Ogti

al}itiu}alnalcgtok}agl gl

}fau jk}it ,,,



K}tagsil}taeyjkt &KS Lgmi klm KS @yle}agl

K}tagsil}taeyjkt &KS lgmi, ]fau lgmi au k ejyu}it gc urieakjapim eijju jgek}im al }fi jg~it rgt}agl gc }fitanf} k}tayo* kdgsi }fi dkui gc }fi }taeyuram skjsi, ]fi KS lgmi a}uijc rguuiuuiu lg rkeiokhit eijju,

]fi KS lgmi fku }~g cyle}aglu, ]fi catu} cyle}agl au }g MIJKQ}fi ijie}taekj aoryjui al gtmit }g kjjg~ }fi k}tak }aoi }gegl}tke} klm egorji}i cajjaln gc }fi sil}taejiu, ]fi uieglmcyle}agl au }g tieiasi kl ijie}taekj aoryjui klm eglmye} a}

mg~l }g }fi sil}taejiu sak }fi KS `yle}agl klm Dylmji gc Fau,



Dylmji gc Fau

Kc}it rkuualn }ftgynf }fi KS lgmi* }fiijie}taekj aoryjui il}itu }fi Dylmji gc Fau

&kjug ticittim }g ku }fi Tanf} klm Jic} Dylmji

Dtklefiu egoogl dylmji&,

]fi dylmji gc Fau au jgek}im al }fi yrrit rgt}agl gc }fi al}itsil}taeyjkt uir}yo klmegllie}u }fi KS lgmi ~a}f }fi }~g dylmji

dtklefiu,

Ac }fi UK lgmi ufgyjm diegoi mauikuim gt ckaj

}g cyle}agl rtgritjq* }fi Dylmji gc Fau fkurkeiokhit eijju* ~faef kti ekrkdji gc mauefktnaln k} kl al}taluae tk}i gc =2/32dik}u rit oaly}i,



]fi KS lgmi klm }fi dylmji gc Fau kti ticittim }gegjjie}asijq ku }fi KS `yle}agl, ]fi Dylmji gc Fau

eglmye}u }fi ijie}taekj aoryjui mg~l }g }fi tanf} klmjic} dylmji dtklefiu,

]fi tanf} dylmji dtklef urtikmu }fi ~ksi gc mirgjktapk}agl}g }fi tanf} sil}taeji, Jahi~aui* }fi jic} dylmji dtklefurtikmu }fi ~ksi gc mirgjktapk}agl }g dg}f }fial}itsil}taeyjkt uir}yo klm }fi jic} sil}taeji, ]fi jic}dylmji cyt}fit masamiu al}g 5 dtklefiu gt ckueaejiu, ]fi

dylmji dtklefiu cyt}fit masami al}g Rythal`i caditu,



Rythalì Caditu

K} }fi }itoalkj ilmu gc }fi dylmji dtklefiu* uokjjit caditumau}tady}i }fi ijie}taekj aoryjuiu }g }fi oyueji eijju* ~faefu}aoyjk}i egl}tke}agl, ]fau ~id gc caditu au ekjjim }fiRythalì caditu, ]fi Rythalì caditu rili}tk}i kdgy} ;'= }g;'5 gc }fi ~kq al}g }fi sil}taeyjkt oyueji okuu klm }fildiegoi egl}alygyu ~a}f }fi ektmake oyueji caditu, ]fiijie}taekj aoryjui urtikmu tkramjq }ftgynf }fi tanf} klm jic}dylmji dtklefiu klm Rythalì caditu }g tikef }fi

sil}taeyjkt oyueji* ekyualn sil}taeyjkt egl}tke}agl* gt uqu}gji,

]fau }fatm klm calkjrkeiokhit ua}i gc }fi

oqgektmayo ekl gljqrkei k} k tk}i gc 42/=2dik}u rit oaly}i,



Uyooktq gc Rkeiokhit Cyle}aglu

]fi fikt} au miuanlim ~a}f k uqu}io gc gli mgoalkl} klm}~g dkeh/yr rkealn uqu}iou,

Uyooktq gc Rkeiokhit Cyle}agl

Rkeiokhit Faitktefq

Jgek}agl Rkealn Tk}i

Jisij ; &lgtokj! UK Lgmi 32/;22dik}u'oaly}i

Jisij AA &dkeh/yruqu}io!

Dylmji gc Fau' KS Lgmi'@yle}agl

=2/32dik}u'oaly}i

Jisij AAA &jg~iu}dkeh/yr uqu}io!

Rythal`i Caditu ~a}falSil}taejiu &}qraekjjq ekjjim}fi Sil}taeyjkt

Rkeiokhit!

42/=2dik}u'oaly}i



Uie}agl =0 ]fi IEN Rkrit

]g iskjyk}i kl IEN tfq}fo u}tar* a} au u}klmktm rtke}aei }grtal} k u}tar gc k} jiku} k 3 uieglm mytk}agl, ]fau }qri gc IEN rtal} gy} ~ajj di kmi{yk}i cgt }fi ok`gta}q gc tfq}fo

al}itrti}k}aglu, K egl}alygyu u}tar ekl kj~kqu di rtal}imiurieakjjq ~fil ylyuykj tfq}fou rtiuil} klm ti{yati kejguit alurie}agl,



Uie}agl 90 IEN ^ksicgtou

]fi IEN au k tiegtmaln gc }fi ijie}taekj aoryjuiu

rtgmyeim dq }fi fikt}, ]fi }ito kttfq}foak ja}itkjjq oiklu }fi ‚kduilei gc‟ gt ‚~a}fgy} ktfq}fo,‟ ]fi }ito mqutfq}foak au yuim ~fil }fitiau kdlgtokj ektmake ijie}taekj aoryjuiu klmeglmye}agl



R ^ksi

Ijie}taekj aoryjuiu gtanalk}aln ctgo }fi UK lgmi ktitirtiuil}im gl }fi IEN ~a}f k ~ksicgto ekjjim k R~ksi, ]fi R ~ksi au nilitk}im kc}it }fi UK lgmicatiu klm mirgjktapiu }fi tanf} klm jic} k}tak, ]fidinallaln gc }fi R ~ksi au tiegnlapim ku }fi catu}yr~ktm micjie}agl ctgo }fi dkuijali, A} tiuiodjiu k

uokjj yr~ktm ‚fajj‟ gt ‚dyor‟ klm glei egorji}im*ti}ytlu }g }fi IEN dkuijali, Jgek}i }fi R ~ksi al}fi Lgtokj IEN ^ksicgtou klm Al}itskju canytikdgsi,

]fi R ~ksi au almaek}asi gc k}takj mirgjktapk}agl,

Almaek}iu k}takj

mirgjktapk}agl*

gt egl}tke}agl gc

}fi k}tayo,

Lgtokj mytk}agl

au lg} jglnit

}fkl 2,;;

uieglmu &jiuu

}fkl 5 uokjj

u{yktiu!

Korja}ymi&fianf}! au lg

ogti }fkl 5 oo

Lg lg}efaln gt

rikhaln



RT Al}itskj

^fil }fi aoryjui jiksiu }fi k}tak klm }tksiju }g

}fi KS lgmi* a} ilegyl}itu k ujanf} mijkq,]fi }auuyiu gc }fi lgmi mg lg} eglmye} aoryjuiu

ku cku} ku }fi g}fit ektmake ijie}taekj }auuyiu,]fau oiklu }fk} }fi ~ksi gc mirgjktapk}agl ~ajj

}khi k jglnit }aoi }g ni} }ftgynf }fi KS lgmi,Gl }fi IEN* }fau au tirtiuil}im dq k ufgt}ritagm gc ijie}taekj alke}asa}q ekjjim }fi RTal}itskj &RTA!,

Almaek}iu KS eglmye}agl }aoi

Mytk}agl }aoi au 2,;4 }g 2,42 uieglmu



[TU Egorjiv

Almaek}iu sil}taeyjkt mirgjktapk}agl* gt

egl}tke}agl gc }fi sil}taejiu, Lgtokjjq lg} jglnit }fkl ,;4 uieglmu al

mytk}agl

Korja}ymi au lg} jiuu }fkl 9 oo al jikm AA gt 1oo al S5 klm S=

T ~ksiu kti

micjie}im rgua}asijq

klm }fi [ klm U~ksiu kti link}asi



U] Uinoil}

]fi U] uinoil} dinalu k} }fi ilm gc }fi U egorjiv klm ilmu~a}f }fi glui} gc }fi ] ~ksi, ]fi U] uinoil} tirtiuil}u

}fi iktjq rkt} gc tirgjktapk}agl gc }fi sil}taejiu, ]fi U]uinoil} lgtokjjq ua}u gl }fi dkuijali gt augijie}tae jali, A} aukjug lgtokj ac }fi U] uinoil} au ujanf}jq ijisk}im gt dijg~}fi augijie}tae jali &lg ntik}it }fkl gli oajjaoi}it al ia}fit matie}agl!, Ntik}it }fkl ; oo U] uinoil} ijisk}agl gt

mirtiuuagl ekl di almaek}asi gc oqgektmakj auefioak gt al`ytq,

]fi ] ^ksi

Sil}taeyjkt tirgjktapk}agl au tirtiuil}im gl }fi IEN dq k ]~ksi, ]fi dinallaln gc }fi ] ~ksi au amil}acaim k} }firgal} ~fiti }fi ujgri gc }fi U] uinoil} krriktu }gdiegoi kdtyr}jq gt ntkmykjjq u}iirit, ]fi ] ~ksi ilmu

~fil a} ti}ytlu }g }fi augijie}tae dkuijali,



Uie}agl 30 Tk}i Oikuytioil}

]fi rk}ail}‑u fikt} tk}i tisikju k ntik} mikj

gc alcgtok}agl, Ac }fi tk}i au ujg~ &ylmit 32dik}u rit oaly}i!* ~i ekjj a} dtkmqektmak,Ac }fi fikt} tk}i au cku} &gsit ;22 dik}u rit oaly}i!* }fil a} au ekjjim }kefqektmak,



]fi Uav Uieglm Oi}fgm

]fau oi}fgm ekl di yuim ~a}f ia}fit tinyjkt gt attinyjkt tfq}fou klm rtgsamiu k tgynf iu}aok}i&dy} lg} rtieaui!, Egyl} }fi lyodit gc T ~ksiu alk 3 dkt gc }fi IEN rkrit uieglm u}tar klm

oyj}arjq dq ;2,



Jktni Dgv Oi}fgm

Egyl} }fi lyodit gc jktni u{yktiu di}~iil }~g

egluiey}asi T ~ksiu, Masami }fau lyodit al}g 522

cgt k sil}taeyjkt tk}i, Cgt ivkorji* ac }fiti kti cgyt

jktni u{yktiu di}~iil tinyjkt [TU egorjiviu*

}fi fikt} tk}i au >9 &522'=?>9!,

Cgt kl k}takj tk}i* egyl} }fi lyodit gc jktni dgviu

di}~iil }~g egluiey}asi R ~ksiu klm

kjug masami al}g 522,

Uokjj Dgv Oi}fgm



Uokjj Dgv Oi}fgm

]fau oi}fgm kjug yuiu kl ‚T }g T‟ gt ‚R }g R‟ oikuytioil}*

dy} au ogti rtieaui diekyui ~i yui }fi uokjjit IEN dgviu

}g fijr yu ekjeyjk}i }fi fikt} tk}i, ]g ekjeyjk}i }fi

sil}taeyjkt tk}i* egyl} }fi lyodit gc uokjj dgviu di}~iil

}~g egluiey}asi T ~ksiu klm masami dq ;922,

]g ekjeyjk}i }fi k}takj tk}i* egyl} }fi lyodit gc uokjj dgviudi}~iil }~g egluiey}asi R~ksiu klm masami dq ;922,

Rtke}aei yualn kjj }ftii }qriu gc ekjeyjk}agl oi}fgmu yl}aj qgy

calm }fi gli qgy jahi diu}, Tioiodit* ac qgy gljq fksi k

ufgt} tfq}fo u}tar &:,23 uieglmu!* qgy ~ajj liim }g yui ia}fit Oi}fgm %4 gt %5,



Uav Dkuae U}iru

cgt Tfq}fo Al}itrti}k}agl

;, Tk}i &Ekjeyjk}i }fi fikt} tk}i &FT! gt lg}i }fi

FT ctgo }fi ogla}gt!

4, Tinyjkta}q &Oikuyti }fi tinyjkta}q gt tfq}fo gc

}fi T ~ksiu!5, R/~ksi Ivkoalk}agl0 Au }fiti gli R ~ksi

dicgti ikef [TU7 &}fiti ufgyjm di!

=, R }g T Al}itskj0 &Oikuyti }fi R }g T al}itskj /

Au a} ~a}fal lgtokj jaoa}u7 A} au egluau}il}7!9, [TU ^am}f0 &Oikuyti }fi mytk}agl gc }fi [TU

egorjiv!

3, Tfq}fo Al}itrti}k}agl

Uie}agl >0 Cgtok} cgt IEN Al}itrti}k}agl

U} ; T }



U}ir ;0 Tk}i

Lgtokj Calmalnu0 Kdlgtokj Calmalnu0

]fi FT ufgyjm di di}~iil32/62

Fikt} tk}iu jiuu }fkl 32dik}u'oaly}i kti }qraekjjq

jkdijim ku ujg~ gt dtkmqektmae

]fi k}takj tk}i ufgyjm di }fiukoi ku }fi sil}taeyjkt tk}i

Fikt} tk}iu ntik}it }fkl;22 dik}u'oaly}i kti}qraekjjq jkdijim cku} gt }kefqektmae,



U}ir 40 Tinyjkta}q &gt }fi Rk}}itl gc }fi Tfq}fo&


]fi T/T al}itskju ktitinyjkt

]fi T/T al}itskju ktiattinyjkt

]fi R/R al}itskju ktitinyjkt

]fi R/R al}itskju ktiattinyjkt

]fiti au gli R cgt isitq[TU

]fiti au ogti }fkl gli Rcgt ikef [TU

Lytualn ]ar0 Oklq fikj}fq almasamykju fksi fikt} tk}iu dijg~ 32

dik}u'oaly}i* iurieakjjq k}fji}iu, Kj~kqu efieh }fi rk}ail}‑u djggm

rtiuuyti }g kuuiuu }fi fiogmqlkoae tiurglui }g k ujg~ gt cku} fikt}

tk}i* iurieakjjq ~fil }fiti au k taui gt ckjj gc ntik}it }fkl 42

dik}u'oaly}i,

^FAEF AU U]TAR TINYJKT



^FAEF AU U]TAR TINYJKT

GT ATTINYJKT TFQ]FO7



U}ir 50 R ^ksi Ivkoalk}agl


R ~ksiu ufgyjm di tinyjkt &oktef gy} }fi R/R al}itskju~a}f qgyt ekjaritu!,

K R ~ksi au lg} cgjjg~imdq k [TU egorjivR ~ksiu fksi k uqooi}taekj

ufkri* yuykjjq yrtanf} klmtgylmim

R ~ksiu ufgyjm kjj jggh kjahi&ylacgto! klm ufgyjm rgal} al

}fi ukoi matie}agl ]fiti kti ogti R ~ksiu}fkl [TU egorjiviu]fiti ufgyjm di gli R cgt

isitq [TU &gt k ;0;tijk}aglufar!



U}ir =0 R }g T Al}itskj


]fi RT al}itskj &gt }aoi}tksij ctgo UK }g KSlgmiu! ! au di}~iil 2,;4 }g

2,42

]fi RT al}itskj au < ,42uieglmu &}fau oanf} almaek}imijkqim }tksij }aoi ctgo UK

}g KS lgmi!

]fi RT al}itskju ktieglu}kl} }ftgynfgy} }fitfq}fo

]fi RT al}itskj au attinyjkt aloikuytioil} &attinyjkt gt sktqaln RT al}itskju okq

almaek}i ugoi }qri gc UK/KSeglmye}agl rtgdjio klmrguuadji eglmye}agl fikt}djgeh!



U}ir 90 [TU Egorjiv


Kjj }fi [TU egorjiviu fksiylacgtoa}q

}ftgynfgy} &}fi ukoi uapi*ufkri klm matie}agl!

]fi [TU egorjiviu sktq alufkri* ~am}f klm matie}agl

Kjj [TU egorjiviu kti gc i{ykj mytk}agl gt ~am}f

]fi [TU egorjiv au <,;4uieglmu ~ami

]fi T }g T al}itskj di}~iilikef [TU au tinyjkt

]fi T }g T al}itskj di}~iilikef [TU au attinyjkt



U] ― ] ^ksi


]fi U] uinoil} ufgyjm diijie}taekjjq liy}tkj &gt likt liy}tkj! klm ufgyjm di ua}}alngl }fi augijie}tae dkuijali &lg

ntik}it }fkl ; oo kdgsi gt dijg~ }fi augijie}tae jali aulgtokj!

]fiti au < ;oo U]uinoil} ijisk}agl gt mirtiuuagl ctgo }fiaugijie}tae jali

]fi ] ~ksi au yrtanf}

~filisit }fi T ~ksi auyrtanf}, ]fi ] ~ksi micjie}umg~l~ktm ~fil }fi T ~ksi aumg~l~ktm

]fi ] ~ksi au al }fi

grrgua}i matie}agl }fkl }fiT ~ksi



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 jiuu }fkl =2/91 dro

4, Tfq}fo0 K}takj tinyjkt, Sil}taeyjkt tinyjkt

5, R ~ksiu0 Yrtanf} klm ylacgto, Gli R rtieimiu isitq [TU

=, RT Al}itskj0 ,;4 / ,42 uieglmu

9, [TU ^am}f0 ≭ ,;4 uieglmu

Ualyu dtkmqektmak &UD! au efktke}itapim dq k mietikui

al }fi tk}i gc k}takj mirgjktapk}agl myi }g ujg~aln gc }fi UK

lgmi, ]fi ualyu lgmi au }fi rkeiokhit* cataln tinyjktjq k}

k tk}i gc jiuu }fkl 32 }aoiu k oaly}i, Ikef aoryjui aueglmye}im lgtokjjq }ftgynf }g }fi sil}taejiu,

R adj E



Rguuadji Ekyuiu0

♣ Aletikuim sknkj

&rktkuqork}fi}ae! }gli

&sgoa}aln* ektg}am ualyu

okuukni!

♣ Fqrithkjioak

♣ Aletikuim al}tketklakjrtiuuytiu

♣ Rguuadji tiuyj} gc alcitagt OA

♣ Uami iccie}u ctgo di}k/kmtilitnae djgehitu*uqork}fgjq}ae mtynu* Mangval* gt ogtrfali

♣ Lgtokj iccie}* iurieakjjq al k}fji}iu



Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0

♣ Efieh qgyt rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti* kuuiuu cgt

uqlegri* klm UGD,

♣ Qgy rk}ail} okq liim }g jai mg~l }g rtisil} rg}il}akj

ckjju,

♣ Hiir al oalm }fk} a} okq di lgtokj cgt ugoialmasamykju }g fksi ualyu dtkmqektmak &i,n, k}fji}iu!,

Rg}il}akj ]tik}oil}u0

♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Gduitsk}agl,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Gvqnil* k}tgrali ,9on AS {5/9oalu

&}g}kj 5on! *}tkluey}kligyu rkealn* mgrkoali

&ac fqrg}iluasi!,



]tkluey}kligyu rkealn

Rjkei rkealn ijie}tgmiu gl efiu} ku rit rkehkni alu}tye}aglu

Ui} }fi mioklm tk}i }g krrtgvaok}ijq 62droUi} eyttil}&oK! gy}ry} ku cgjjg~u cgt

dktmqektmak0 Aletikui oK ctgo oal, ui}}alnyl}aj egluau}il} ekr}yti au kefaisim&Efktke}itapim dq k ~amilaln [TU klm dtgkm]~ksi kc}it ikef rkeit urahi!, ]fil kmm 4 oK

cgt ukci}q oktnal, Ksgam yualn ektg}am ryjui }g eglcato oiefklaekj ekr}yti

&Ijie}taekj u}aoyjk}agl ekyuiu oyueyjkt `ithaln }fk} okq

oaoae ektg}am ryjui!, ^fk} au }fi rticittim ua}i7



Ualyu }kefqektmak &kjug ekjjim Ualyu ]kef! au

efktke}itapim dq k tkram &< ;22 dro! tk}i gc mauefktni gc

}fi UK lgmi, ]fi ualyu lgmi au mauefktnaln k} k tk}i < ;22

klm }fi tiokalmit gc }fi eglmye}agl cgjjg~u }fi lgtokjrk}f~kq,

IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 ≩ ;22 dro }g ;32 dro

4, Tfq}fo0 Tinyjkt 5, R ~ksiu0 Yrtanf} klm lgtokj, Gli R rtieimiu isitq [TU

=, RT Al}itskj0 ,;4 / ,42 uieglmu




Rguuadji Ekyuiu0♣ Lgtokj ektmake tiurglui }g mioklmu

cgt aletikuim gvqnil liim mytaln rkal*

cisit* u}tiuu* mifqmtk}agl klm iviteaui

♣ Ekcciali* laeg}ali alniu}agl

♣ Fqrit}fqtgamauo

♣ Rgu} OA gt iktjq uanl gc fikt} ckajyti♣ Fqrgvak* Ryjoglktq Iodgjauo



Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0

♣ Efieh qgyt rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti* kuuiuu

cgt uqlegri* rkjra}k}aglu* gt UGD,

♣ Qgyt rk}ail} okq liim }g jai mg~l }g rtisil}rg}il}akj ckjju,

♣ Rk}ail} okq fksi jg~it D'R myi }g mietikuim

maku}gjae sil}taeyjkt cajjaln }aoi kuugeak}im

~a}f }fi }kefqektmak,


♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Gduitsk}agl,♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 ]tik} }fi ylmitjqaln ekyui

&mifqmtk}agl* klvai}q* i}e!, Mtynu uyef ku

di}k djgehitu okq di nasil }g ujg~ }fi FT



K}takj Cjy}}it au k mqutfq}foak* ~faef au }fi tiuyj}

gc k cjk~im tiil}tq eateya} ~a}fal }fi k}tak, A} au gc}il

miuetadim ku tiuiodjaln k uk~}gg}f gt raehi} cilei,]fiui cjy}}it ~ksiu ufgyjm lg} di eglcyuim cgt R

~ksiu, ]fi KS lgmi au k ~glmitcyj rtg}ie}asi

oiefklauo, Aoknali }fi k}tak mirgjktapaln k} k tk}i

gc 492 }g 592 dro, Ac kjj gc }fiui k}takjmirgjktapk}aglu ~iti eglmye}im mg~l al}g }fi

sil}taeji* }fi rk}ail}‑u sil}taejiu ~gyjm jahijq dinal

}g cadtajjk}i, ]fi KS lgmi fijru }g rtg}ie} }fi

sil}taejiu dq gljq kjjg~aln ugoi gc }fi k}takjmirgjktapk}aglu }g eglmye} mg~l }ftgynf }fi dylmji

gc Fau al}g }fi dylmji dtklefiu klm gl }g }fi

sil}taejiu,



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 K}takj tk}i au 492/592 dro, Sil}taeyjkt

tk}i sktaiu keegtmaln }g KS lgmi eglmye}agl,4, Tfq}fo0 K}takj tinyjkt8 sil}taeyjkt okq di tinyjkt

gt attinyjkt &knkal* mirilmaln gl KS lgmi

eglmye}agl!,

5, R ~ksiu0 Kduil}, Gljq cjy}}it gt uk~ }gg}f jgghaln~ksicgtou

=, RT Al}itskj0 Lg} krrjaekdji




Rguuadji Ekyuiu0♣ Key}i gt eftglae ektmake maugtmit* oa}tkj gt }taeyuram

skjsi maugtmit* egt ryjoglkji*ritaektma}au

♣ Rgu} OA egorjaek}agl &yuykjjq }tkluail}!♣ Fqrit}fqtgamauo

♣ Kjegfgjauo

♣ Rgu} ektmake uytnitq &yuykjjq }tkluail}!

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0♣ Efieh qgyt rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti* kuuiuu cgt uqlegri*

rkjra}k}aglu* gt UGD,

♣ Qgyt rk}ail} okq liim }g jai mg~l }g rtisil} rg}il}akjckjju,

♣ Rk}ail} okq fksi jg~it D'R myi }g jguu gc k}takj haeh,

R } }a j ] } }



Rg}il}akj ]tik}oil}u

♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Gduitsk}agl klm tk}i egl}tgj,

․ Lgtokj fikt} cyle}agl0 egl}tgj sil}taeyjkt tk}i dqkmoalau}italn di}k djgehitu &iuogjgj! gt ekjeayo

efkllij djgehitu &maj}akpio gt sitkrkoaj!,

․ Aorkatim fikt} cyle}agl0 egl}tgj sil}taeyjkt tk}i

dq kmoalau}italn mangval* maj}akpio* gt koagmktgli,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Ac fiogmqlkoaekjjq ylu}kdji*

uqleftglapim ektmagsituagl k} ;22/;42 darfkuae `gyjiu

Lytualn ]ar0 Dicgti ijie}taekj ektmagsituaglau k}}ior}im* egluamit kl}aegknyjk}agl }g

rtisil} iodgjae egorjaek}aglu,



Cadtajjk}gtq ~ksiu sktq al uapi klm ufkri

klm kti attinyjkt al tfq}fo, Cadtajjk}gtq

~ksiu jggh maccitil} ctgo }fi uk~}gg}f~ksiu gc k}takj cjy}}it, ]tkluoauuagl gc }fiui

oyj}arji k}takj aoryjuiu al}g }fi KS lgmi au

}fgynf} }g geeyt k} tklmgo* tiuyj}aln al klattinyjkt tfq}fo, Ugoi aoryjuiu kti

eglmye}im al}g dy} lg} }ftgynf }fi KS lgmi

&}fiq kti djgehim ~a}fal }fi KS lgmi!,

Tioiodit }fk} }fi sil}taeyjkt tfq}fo au

kj~kqu attinyjkt al k}takj cadtajjk}agl,



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 K}takj tk}i 592/=22 dro, Sil}taeyjkt tk}i ausktakdji

4, Tfq}fo0 Sil}taeyjkt tk}i au attinyjkt &gli gc }fi fkjjokth

uanlu gc k}takj cadtajjk}agl!

5, R ~ksiu0 Kduil}, Gljq k}takj cadtajjk}gtq ~ksiu &gt uokjjjgghaln dyoru! kti uiil



R adj E



Rguuadji Ekyuiu0♣ Oa}tkj skjsi maugtmitu

♣ Tfiyok}ae fikt} mauikui* OA* fqrit}iluagl* egtglktq

kt}itq mauikui &EKM!* fikt} ckajyti* ritaektma}au♣ Eftglae gdu}tye}asi ryjoglktq mauikui &EGRM!

♣ Mangval }gvaea}q

♣ Rgu} ektmake uytnitq &yuykjjq }tkluail}!

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0♣ Efieh qgyt rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti* kuuiuu cgt uqlegri gt

UGD,♣ Rkjra}k}aglu kti egoogljq cij} ku k tiuyj} gc }fi attinyjkt*

klm gc}il tkram* fikt} tk}i,

♣ Qgyt rk}ail} okq fksi jg~it D'R myi }g jguu gc k}takj haeh,





♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Gduitsk}agl klm tk}i egl}tgj,

․ Lgtokj fikt} cyle}agl0 egl}tgj sil}taeyjkt tk}idq kmoalau}italn di}k djgehitu &iuogjgj! gt ek

efkllij djgehitu &maj}akpio gt sitkrkoaj!,

․ Aorkatim fikt} cyle}agl0 egl}tgj sil}taeyjkt

tk}i dq kmoalau}italn mangval* maj}akpio gt

koagmktgli,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Ac fiogmqlkoaekjjq ylu}kdji*

uqleftglapim ektmagsituagl k} ;22/;42 darfkuae

`gyjiu,



K}tagsil}taeyjkt djgehu &g}fit~aui hlg~l

ku fikt} djgehu! ekl di masamim al}g }ftiimintiiu, Catu}/mintii fikt} djgehu kti

efktke}itapim dq R }g T al}itskju jglnit }fkl

2,42 uieglmu, Uieglm/mintii fikt} djgehu

kti efktke}itapim dq ugoi R ~ksiu dialndjgehim k} }fi KS lgmi, ]fau tiuyj}u al ugoi

R ~ksiu geeyttaln ~a}fgy} cgjjg~aln [TU

egorjiviu, ]fatm mintii fikt} djgeh au

efktke}itapim dq k egorji}i mauugeak}agl

di}~iil R ~ksiu klm [TU egorjiviu,



Catu}/mintii KS djgeh au uaorjq k mijkq al

rkuukni gc }fi aoryjui ctgo k}tak }g sil}taejiu,

Yljahi a}u lkoi &~faef ekl di eglcyualn!* catu}/mintii

KS djgeh au lg} kl ke}ykj ‚djgeh*‟ dy} tk}fit k mijkq aleglmye}agl, ]fau eglmye}agl mijkq yuykjjq geeytu k} }fi

jisij gc }fi KS lgmi,

IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 Sktaiu mirilmaln gl }fi ylmitjqaln tfq}fo

4, Tfq}fo0 K}takj klm sil}taeyjkt tinyjkt

5, R ~ksiu0 Yrtanf} klm lgtokj, Gli R rtieimiu isitq [TU

=, RT Al}itskj0 ≩ ,42 uieglmu klm au eglu}kl}




Rguuadji Ekyuiu0

♣ Mtyn }fitkrq &mangval* di}k/kmtilitnaedjgehitu gt ekjeayo efkllij djgehitu* gt

kl}akttfq}foae mtynu uyef ku koagmktgli!

♣ Rgu} OA♣ Eftglae minilitk}asi mauikui gc }fi k}takj

eglmye}agl uqu}io &uiil ~a}f knaln!

♣ Fqrg/ gt fqrithkjioak♣ Aletikuim sknkj }gli



Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0♣ Gduitsi cgt jiln}filaln RT al}itskju

gt misijgroil} gc ogti uitagyu fikt}djgehu,


♣ ]tik}oil} cgt catu}/mintii fikt} djgeh au yuykjjqyllieiuuktq ku a} au }qraekjjq kuqor}gok}ae,

♣ ]tik}oil} }qraekjjq kaou }g egttie} }fi

ylmitjqaln ekyui,♣ Egluyj} ~a}f rfquaeakl ac RT al}itskj au

jiln}filaln, Maueyuu fgjmaln oimaek}aglu ~faef

ujg~ K/S eglmye}agl,



Uieglm/mintii KS djgeh/ ]qri A&Ogda}p }qri A* ^ilhidkef au efktke}itapim dq k

rtgntiuuasi rtgjglnk}agl gc }fi RT al}itskj&ug }fi hiq }g maknlgualn }fau tfq}fo au dq

ekticyj ivkoalk}agl gc ikef RT al}itskj!, ]fi

UK lgmi au fikj}fq klm catiu gl }aoi* }fyu }fi R

}g R al}itskju kti tinyjkt, Aoryjuiu }tksijaln}ftgynf }fi KS lgmi }khi jglnit klm jglnit }g

cyjjq eglmye} yl}aj gli aoryjui au egorji}ijq

djgehim, ]fi UK lgmi egl}alyiu }g cati tanf} gl}aoi &tinyjkt R }g R al}itskju! klm }fi eqeji gc

rtgjglnk}agl gc RT al}itskju egl}alyiu ku }fi

rk}}itl au tirik}im,



]fi tiri}a}agl gc }fau rk}}itl tiuyj}u al ‚ntgyrdik}aln*‟ &i,n, }ftii eglmye}im ualyu dik}u ~a}f

rtgntiuuasijq jiln}filaln RT al}itskju klm k

cgyt}f ualyu dik} }fk} au LG] cgjjg~im dq k [TU!,

Dik}u }fk} kti uyeeiuucyjjq eglmye}im fksi k

lgtokj [TU ~am}f, Diekyui [TU egorjiviu kti

ritagmaekjjq mtgrrim* }fi sil}taeyjkt tfq}fo au

attinyjkt,



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 K}takj tinyjkt8 Sil}taeyjkt tk}i au ujanf}jqujg~it, ]qraekjjq di}~iil 32/12 dro

4, Tfq}fo0 K}takj tinyjkt, Sil}taeyjkt attinyjkt

5, R ~ksiu0 Yrtanf} klm lgtokj, Ugoi R‑u kti lg}

cgjjg~im dq k [TU &ogti Ru }fkl [TUu!=, RT Al}itskj0 Rtgntiuuasijq jglnit yl}aj gli R ~ksi

au lg} cgjjg~im dq k [TU egorjiv, Kc}it }fi djgehim

dik}* }fi eqeji u}kt}u knkal


Rguuadji Ekyuiu0



Rguuadji Ekyuiu0

♣ Mtyn }fitkrq &mangval* di}k/kmtilitnae

djgehitu* ekjeayo efkllij djgehitu*

koagmktgli!

♣ EKM

♣ Li~ OA ― uiil ogti egoogljq ~a}f key}ialcitagt ~kjj alckte}aglu

♣ Tfiyok}ae cisit

♣ Aletikuim sknkj }gli♣ Fqrithkjioak

♣ Oqgektma}au

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0



n

♣ Efieh }fi rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti klm g}fit

rk}ail} sa}kj uanlu &gc}il }fiq kti lgtokj!,

♣ Kuuiuu }fi rk}ail} cgt rguuadji ekyuiu,


]tik}oil} au lg} }qraekjjq ti{yatim,

♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Gduitsk}agl klm ogla}gtaln

gljq, Ac RT al}itskj au jiln}filaln* egluyj}

~a}f rfquaeakl cgt fgjmaln mtynu }fk} ekl ujg~ KS

lgmi eglmye}agl,♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Gl k tkti geekuagl* k}tgrali

klm'gt }iorgtktq rkealn okq di egluamitim



^fil }fi djgeh geeytu k} }fi dylmji gc Fau* }fi



[TU okq di lkttg~ ualei sil}taeyjkt

eglmye}agl au lg} mau}ytdim al dik}u }fk} kti

lg} djgehim, Ac }fi djgehkni geeytu k} }fi jisijgc }fi dylmji dtklefiu* eglmye}agl }ftgynf }fi

sil}taejiu ~ajj di ujg~it }fiticgti etik}aln k ~amit [TU

egorjiv &<,;4 uieglmu!,

Ogda}p AA au kuugeak}im ~a}f k rggtit rtgnlguau* klmegorji}i fikt} djgeh okq misijgr, Ekyuiu kti yuykjjq

kuugeak}im ~a}f kl key}i oqgektmakj alckte}agl* uisiti

egtglktq kt}itq mauikui gt g}fit }qriu gc gtnklae

jiuaglu al }fi eglmye}agl rk}f~kq, ]fi rk}ail}‑utiurglui }g }fi mqutfq}foak au yuykjjq tijk}im }g }fi

sil}taeyjkt tk}i,



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 K}takj tinyjkt, Sil}taeyjkt tk}i au }qraekjjq º

}g ¿ }fi k}takj tk}i &mirilmaln gl }fi kogyl} gc djgehkni aleglmye}agl!

4, Tfq}fo0 K}takj tinyjkt &R/R au tinyjkt!, Sil}taeyjkt

attinyjkt

5, R ~ksiu0 Yrtanf} klm lgtokj, Ugoi Ru kti lg} cgjjg~imdq k [TU &ogti Ru }fkl [TU!

=, RT Al}itskj0 ]fi RT al}itskj cgt eglmye}im dik}u ~ajj di

eglu}kl} ketguu }fi u}tar

9, [TU ^am}f0 ≭ ,;4 uieglmu cgt eglmye}im dik}u

Rguuadji Ekyuiu0



♣ Kni tijk}im minilitk}asi efklniu al }fi

eglmye}agl uqu}io

♣ Li~ OA/ uiil ogti egoogljq ~a}f key}ikl}itagt ~kjj alckte}aglu

♣ Rgu} ektmake uytnitq gt egorjaek}agl ktaualn

~a}f ektmake ek}fi}itapk}agl

♣ Lg}i0 lg} }qraekjjq k tiuyj} gc aletikuim sknkj}gli gt mtyn iccie}u

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0

♣ Efieh }fi rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti,

♣ Kuuiuu }fi rk}ail}‑u uqor}gou,

♣ Lg}i0 Ogda}p AA fku }fi rg}il}akj }g uymmiljq

rtgntiuu }g egorji}i fikt} djgeh gt sil}taeyjkt

u}klmu}ajj8 fksi k }iorgtktq rkeiokhit liktdq+

Rg}il}akj ]tik}oil}u0K } }a Gd }a m a} a



♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Gduitsk}agl klm ogla}gtaln

gljq, Fgjm mtynu }fk} ekl ujg~ KS lgmi eglmye}agl,

Lg}acq rfquaeakl, Gd}kal uyrrjaiu cgt rkealn ufgyjm }fau

diegoi lieiuuktq,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Ac uqor}gok}ae dtkmqektmak au rtiuil}*

krrjq }tkluey}kligyu rkeiokhit klm egjjkdgtk}i ~a}f

rfquaeakl cgt aluit}agl gc }tklusilgyu rkeit ~ati,Kmoalau}it k mgrkoali alcyuagl ac rk}ail} au fqrg}iluasi,

♣ Lg}i0 K}tgrali oyu} di yuim ~a}f ntik} eky}agl &ac k}

kjj! ~a}f }fau tfq}fo, K}tgrali ~ajj aletikui }fi UK lgmi

mauefktni* dy} mgiu lg} aortgsi eglmye}agl }ftgynf }fiKS lgmi* &}fi jgek}agl gc }fau djgeh au jg~it al }fi eglmye}agl

uqu}io!, Keeijitk}agl gc }fi k}takj tk}i okq tiuyj} al k

rktkmgvaekj ujg~aln gc }fi sil}taeyjkt tk}i* }fitidq

mietikualn }fi ektmake gy}ry},

]fa m m KS dj h a j jj m j }



]fatm/mintii KS djgeh au kjug ekjjim egorji}i

fikt} djgeh, ]fau }qri gc mqutfq}foak almaek}iu

egorji}i kduilei gc eglmye}agl di}~iil k}takklm sil}taejiu &}fi k}tak klm }fi sil}taejiu kti lg}

egooylaek}aln ~a}f gli klg}fit!, ]fi k}takj tk}i au

kj~kqu i{ykj }g gt cku}it }fkl }fi sil}taeyjkt tk}i al

egorji}i fikt} djgeh, ]fi djgeh okq geeyt k} }fijisij gc }fi KS lgmi* }fi dylmji gc Fau* gt al }fi

dylmji dtklefiu, Ku al uieglm/mintii KS djgeh*

}fau mau}ale}agl au lg} oitijq kekmioae ualei

rk}fgniliuau* }tik}oil}* klm rtgnlguau okq sktq

egluamitkdjq* mirilmaln gl }fi klk}goae jisij gc

djgeh,

^fil }fatm/mintii KS djgeh geeytu k} }fi



^fil }fatm mintii KS djgeh geeytu k} }fi

KS lgmi* k `yle}aglkj iuekri rkeiokhit

cti{yil}jq ~ajj ala}ak}i sil}taeyjkt mirgjktapk}agl,

]fau au yuykjjq k u}kdji rkeiokhit ~a}f k tk}i gc =2 }g32 dik}u rit oaly}i, Ualei a} au jgek}im kdgsi }fi

dacytek}agl gc }fi dylmji gc Fau* }fi ui{yilei gc

sil}taeyjkt mirgjktapk}agl yuykjjq au lgtokj* tiuyj}aln

al k lgtokj [TU, ]fau }qri gc }fatm/mintii KS djgeh

ekl tiuyj} ctgo aletikuim rktkuqork}fi}ae }gli

kuugeak}im ~a}f alcitagt alckte}agl* ctgo }gvae mtyn

iccie}u &i,n,* mana}kjau* rtgrtklgjgj!* gt ctgo mkokni }g}fi KS lgmi,



^fil }fatm/mintii KS djgeh geeytu dijg~ }fi `yle}agl*

a} au ogu} gc}il myi }g k djgeh alsgjsaln dg}f dylmji

dtklefiu, ]fi gljq iuekri oiefklauo kskajkdji au al }fi

sil}taeji mau}kj }g }fi ua}i gc djgeh, Uyef k sil}taeyjkt iuekrirkeiokhit fku kl al}taluae tk}i }fk} au ujg~* jiuu }fkl 42/=2

dik}u rit oaly}i, Jahi klq mirgjktapk}agl gtanalk}aln al k

sil}taeji*}fi [TU egorjiv ~ajj di ~ami, A} au lg} k u}kdji

rkeiokhit* klm iraugmiu gc sil}taeyjkt kuqu}gji kti egoogl,Tioiodit }fk} }fi tfq}fo u}tar ticjie}u }~g uirktk}i

rtgeiuuiu }fk} kti }khaln rjkei, ]fi UK lgmi egl}alyiu }g

egl}tgj }fi k}tak klm }qraekjjq catiu k} k tk}i gc 32/62 dro, Ualei

}fi k}tak klm }fi sil}taejiu kti lg} egooylaek}aln* gli gc }fi}~g tiokalaln dkeh/yr al}taluae rkeiokhitu ~ajj }khi gsit,

Ia}fit }fi `yle}agl ~ajj rkei }fi sil}taejiu &tk}i =2/32 dro! gt

}fi dkeh/yr sil}taeyjkt rkeit ~ajj mauefktni &tk}i 42/=2 dro!,

^fil }fiti kti }~g uirktk}i rkeiokhitu egl}tgjjaln }fi



r r n

yrrit klm jg~it efkoditu gc }fi fikt} ~a}fgy} tinktm }g

ikef g}fit* }fi ua}yk}agl au ekjjim KS maukuugeak}agl &}fau

au lg} k ‚tfq}fo‟ dy} k ‚eglma}agl‟ klm }fi yodtijjk }ito

KS maukuugeak}agl au gc}il yuim!,

Gl }fi IEN* qgy ~ajj uii lgtokj R ~ksiu oktefaln tinyjktjq

ketguu }fi u}tar, ]fi R/R al}itskju kti tinyjkt, Qgy ~ajj kjug uii[TU egorjiviu k} tinyjkt al}itskju, ]fi yla{yi cik}yti au }fk} }fi

R ~ksiu klm }fi [TU egorjiviu ~ajj lg} di ‚}kjhaln }g ikef g}fit,‟

]fiti au lg tijk}aglufar di}~iil }fi R klm }fi [TU ~ksicgtou,

]fi RT al}itskj ~ajj di }g}kjjq alegluau}il} klm qgy okq isil uii R

~ksiu uyritaorguim al }fi oammji gc [TU egorjiviu, ]fiti ~ajjdi ogti R ~ksiu }fkl [TU egorjiviu &diekyui }fi al}taluae tk}i

gc }fi ualyu lgmi au cku}it }fkl ia}fit }fi `yle}aglkj gt sil}taeyjkt

tk}iu!,



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 K}takj tk}i au lgtokj, Sil}taeyjkt tk}i au ujg~it,

=2/32 dro ac dkeh/yr rkeit au ctgo }fi `yle}agl gt 42/=2 dro

ac dkeh/yr rkeit au ctgo }fi sil}taejiu4, Tfq}fo0 R/R au tinyjkt8 T/T au tinyjkt &dy} }fi }~g kti

almirilmil} cyle}aglu!

5, R ~ksiu0 Yrtanf} klm lgtokj,

=, RT Al}itskj0 Lg tijk}aglufar di}~iil }fi R klm }fi [TU~ksiu, Lg RT al}itskj

9, [TU ^am}f0 ≭ ,;4 uieglmu ac egl}tgjjim dq }fi `yle}agl8

<,;4 uieglmu ac rkeim dq }fi sil}taeji

Rguuadji Ekyuiu0



Rguuadji Ekyuiu0

♣ Mtyn }fitkrq &mangval* di}k/kmtilitnae djgehitu*

ekjeayo efkllij djgehitu* koagmktgli!*

♣ Li~ OA ― uiil ogti egoogljq ~a}f key}i alcitagt ~kjjalckte}aglu

♣ Aletikuim sknkj }gli

♣ Fqrithkjioak

♣ Oqgektma}au gt tfiyok}ae fikt} cisit

♣ Rgu} ektmake uytnitq gt egorjaek}agl ktaualn ~a}f ektmake

ek}fi}itapk}agl

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0

♣ Efieh }fi rk}ail}‑u djggm rtiuuyti* kuuiuu cgt uqlegri*

rkjra}k}aglu* gt UGD,

♣ Qgyt rk}ail} okq liim }g jai mg~l }g rtisil} uqlegri

klm'gt rg}il}akj ckjju,

♣ Rk}ail} okq fksi jg~it D'R myi }g jg~ sil}taeyjkt tk}i,




♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0 Lg}acq rfquaeakl,

Gduitsk}agl klm ogla}gtaln gljq, Fgjm

mtynu }fk} ekl ujg~ KS lgmi eglmye}agl, Gd}kaluyrrjaiu cgt rkealn ufgyjm }fau diegoi

lieiuuktq,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Lg}acq rfquaeakl, Ac uqor}gok}aedtkmqektmak au rtiuil}* kmoalau}it k}tgrali klm

krrjq }tkluey}kligyu rkeiokhit, K}tgrali okq

di iccie}asi ac }fi [TU au lkttg~ &KS lgmi jisij

gc djgeh! dy} fku ja}}ji gt lg iccie} gl ~ami [TU

&dylmji/dtklef jisij! }fatm/mintii djgeh tfq}fou,

Kmoalau}it k mgrkoali alcyuagl ac rk}ail} au

f g}iluasi,

Sil}taeyjkt ]kefqektmak &S]! au micalim ku



q & !

}ftii gt ogti egluiey}asi RSEu al k tg~ k} k

tk}i ntik}it }fkl ;22 dik}u rit oaly}i, S] au

nilitkjjq ekyuim dq ualnji cgea al ia}fit sil}taeji }fk} cati k} k tkram tk}i }g gsittami }fi

UK lgmi klm }fitidq }khi egl}tgj gc }fi fikt}‑u

tfq}fo, K ufgt} tyl gc egluiey}asi RSEu au

gc}il ekjjim k ‚dytu}‟ gc S],

IEN efktke}itau}aeu alejymi k tkram* tinyjkt tfq}fo

~a}f k ~ami [TU, ]fi [TU au ~ami ualei }fi gtanal gc

}fi tfq}fo au gy}uami }fi dylmji dtklefiu* }fitidq}khaln k jglnit }aoi }g eglmye} eijj }g eijj ~a}fal }fi

sil}taeji,



Rguuadji Ekyuiu0



Rguuadji Ekyuiu0

♣ Oqgektmakj atta}kdaja}q

♣ Key}i OA

♣ EKM♣ Mtyn }gvaea}q

♣ Ijie}tgjq}i aodkjklei

♣ Fikt} ckajyti

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0♣ Efieh qgyt rk}ail}‑u ryjui klm djggm rtiuuyti }g mi}itoali ac

}fau au u}kdji* ylu}kdji &D'R :12! gt ryjuijiuu S],

♣ Lg}acq rfquaeakl

♣ ]tik}oil} mirilmu gl }fi rk}ail}‑u tiurglui }g }fi S]tfq}fo,




♣ Kuqor}gok}ae gt u}kdji0

․ Gvqnil* gd}kal ;4/jikm IEN* egluamit Jamgekali gt Koagmktgli, Efieh

ijie}tgjq}iu uyef ku rg}kuuayo klm

oknliuayo, Krrjq oyj}acyle}agl rkmu ku

ektmagsituagl okq di lieiuuktq ac rk}ail}diegoiu ylu}kdji,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0 Ac ylu}kdji* rtirkti cgt

aooimak}i uqleftglapim ektmagsituagl,

Egluamit koagmktgli dgjyu klm alcyuagl, Ac

ryjuijiuu* kmoalau}it gli micadtajjk}aglufgeh cgjjg~im dq ERT, Ke}ask}i qgyt

egmi tiuyuea}k}agl }iko klm cgjjg~ KEJU

nyamijaliu,

Sil}taeyjkt cadtajjk}agl &SC au }fi tiuyj} gc fanfjq atta}kdji



sil}taeji&u!* ~faef dinal }g uilm gy} tkram ijie}taekj u}aoyja,

]fi u}aoyja kti efkg}ae tiuyj}aln al lg gtnklapim sil}taeyjkt

mirgjktapk}agl, ]fi sil}taejiu mg lg} egl}tke} diekyui }fiq

lisit mirgjktapi, ]fi sil}taejiu kti cadtajjk}aln klm lisit

egl}tke}aln* }fi rk}ail} mgiu lg} fksi k ryjui* ektmake

gy}ry}* gt djggm rtiuuyti,

IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 Lgli, Lg maueitlkdji R ~ksiu gt [TU

egorjiviu4, Tfq}fo0 Efkg}ae ~ksq tiegtmaln, Lg maueitlkdji tfq}fo,

5, R ~ksiu0 Lgli


9, [TU ^am}f0 Lg} krrjaekdji

Rguuadji Ekyuiu0♣ Key}i OA



♣ Key}i OA

♣ Yl}tik}im sil}taeyjkt

}kefqektmak

♣ Ylmitjqaln fikt} mauikui♣ Keam/dkui aodkjklei

♣ Ijie}tgjq}i aodkjkleiu uyef ku

fqrghkjioak* fqrithkjioak* klm

fqritekjeioak

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0

Efieh cgt kl kat~kq* dtik}faln* klm ryjui rit Dkuae Jaci Uyrrgt}

&DJU! u}klmktmu, Ekjj cgt fijr, ]fi rk}ail} ~ajj di krliae*

ryjuijiuu* klm yltiurgluasi, Dinal ERT, SC }tik}oil}

ti{yatiu ijie}taekj }fitkrq &micadtajjk}agl!, Tiuyuea}k}agl ti{yatiu

micadtajjk}agl klm gc}il ti{yatiu ioitnileq mtynu rit KEJU SC

nyamijaliu, ]fi ugglit }fi rk}ail} au micadtajjk}im* }fi ogti jahijq

gc kefaisaln urgl}kligyu eateyjk}agl, ]fi jglnit }fi rk}ail} au al

SC* }fi ogti maccaeyj} a} au }g eglsit} }fi tfq}fo,


A a}a j } } } a



Ala}akj }tik}oil} au

kj~kqu micadtajjk}agl,

Gljq micadtajjk}aglrtgsamiu micala}asi

}fitkrq, G}fit

rtagta}aiu alejymiuieytaln kl kat~kq*

okhaln uyti }fi rk}ail}

fku AS keeiuu* klm

kmoalau}italn

oimaek}aglu rit

nyamijaliu,

Kuqu}gji tirtiuil}u }fi }g}kj kduilei gc



Kuqu}gji tirtiuil}u }fi }g}kj kduilei gc

ijie}taekj ke}asa}q, Ualei mirgjktapk}agl mgiu lg}

geeyt* }fiti au lg sil}taeyjkt egl}tke}agl klm k

u}tkanf} jali ~ajj krrikt gl }fi IEN, ]g kuuyti}fiti au lg ijie}taekj ke}asa}q* efieh }fi tfq}fo

al k uieglm jikm klm okhi uyti qgyt ogla}gt au

~gthaln rtgritjq, Kuqu}gji okq geeyt ku k

rtaoktq isil} al ektmake kttiu}* gt a} okq cgjjg~

SC,



IEN Eta}itak0

;, Fikt} Tk}i0 Lgli

4, Tfq}fo0 Lgli

5, R ~ksiu0 Lgli=, RT Al}itskj0 Lgli

9, [TU ^am}f0 Lgli

Rguuadji Ekyuiu0♣ Uisiti oi}kdgjae micaea}

♣ Key}i tiuratk}gtq ckajyti

♣ Iv}iluasi oqgektmakj mkokni gt tyr}ytim sil}taeyjkt

kliytquo

Lytualn Rtagta}aiu0



n

Efieh tfq}fo al k uieglm jikm &okhi uyti k

jikm fku lg} ckjjil gcc!, Ac qgyt rk}ail} fku k

ryjui* }fiq kti gdsagyujq LG] al kuqu}gji, Ac }firk}ail} au ryjuijiuu* ala}ak}i ERT klm ekjj cgt

fijr

Rg}il}akj ]tik}oil}u0Egl}alyi ERT klm uieyti kat~kq klm AS

keeiuu, Uiktef cgt rguuadji ekyuiu, Aorjioil}

oimaek}agl }fitkrq rit KEJU

nyamijaliu,



RKEu kti sitq egoogl klm okq geeyt al rituglu ~a}f k

lgtokj fikt} gt al rituglu ~a}f sat}ykjjq klq }qri gc




♣ Kuqor}gok}ae0

․ Gduitsk}agl klm IEN ogla}gtaln cgt cti{yileq klm }tilmu,

․ Ivrjgti rg}il}akj ylmitjqaln ekyuiu &ekcciali al}khi* u}tiuutimye}agl* oqgektmakj kdlgtokja}aiu* i}e!,

♣ Uqor}gok}ae0

․ ]tik}oil} au }qraekjjq eil}itim ktgylm gduitsk}agl klm ogla}gtaln

cgt aletikuim cti{yileq,

․ Di k~kti }fk} almasamykju okq egorjkal gc rkjra}k}aglu gt ciijaln k

‚uharrim‟ fikt} dik} ~a}f kl attinyjkt ryjui, Ivrjkal }g }fio }fi

tikugl cgt }fiui ciijalnu,

․ Aletikuim lyodit gc RKEu okq di k cgtityllit gc }fi

misijgroil} gc k}takj cadtajjk}agl gt g}fit k}takj mqutfq}foaku,

lgtokj fikt} gt al rituglu ~a}f sat}ykjjq klq }qri gc

gtnklae fikt} mauikui, RKEu mg lg} aorjq }fk} k ritugl

fku ektmake mauikui klm okq di uiil ~a}f ekcciali al}khi

klm ~a}f iog}aglkj u}tiuu,

Ektmagsituagl



Rtioimaek}i ~filisit rguuadji Ilnkni }fi uqle ogmi dicgti ikef k}}ior} Jggh cgt uqle okthitu gl }fi T ~ksi Tiil}tq US] # K}takj Cjy}}it gc}il tiurglm }g jg~it

ilitnq jisiju8 u}kt} ~a}f 92 }g ;22 @, Ac ala}akj mguickaju* aletikui al u}ir~aui ckufagl,

Cgt K}takj Cadtajjk}agl* ;22/;42@ Kjj }kefqektmaku kdgsi ;92dro Rtirkti }g micad ac ektmagsituagl ekyuiu SC

Uqleftglapim ektmagsituagl ekllg} di ritcgtoimyljiuu }fi rk}ail} au egllie}im }g ogla}gt jikmu8 jikmuijie} u~a}ef oyu} di gl jikm ;/5 klm lg} glrkmmjiu,

T d



Lg} kj~kqu kdji }g lkoi kl kdlgtokj

tfq}fo* dy}0

Hlg~ lgtokj tfq}fou

Hlg~ ck}kj tfq}fou

Tirgt} }fiui tfq}fou

Tioiodit

Ticitileiu0



TLEIYU,EGO

TL,EGO

KFK

ecg interpretation learning the basic-jmj

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