ece334 – digital electronics david johns
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ECE334 – Digital Electronics
David Johns
Spring 2009
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ENIAC
First Electronic Computer (1946)Tube based
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ENIAC
If transistors never invented and tubes used to build computers …A 1995 Pentium computer (200MHz clock speed, 0.5um technology, 10 million transistors)
POWER: 10,000 MegawattsAREA: Skydome 1 meter thickRELIABILITY: Replace 200 tubes/second
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Invention of the Transistor
Bell Labs (1948)
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Today’s Transistors
Bipolar – NPN and PNP (used mainly for analog)GaAs – very high speed analog CMOS – NMOS and PMOS – By far, most dominant transistors used today– Used for both digital and analog– Digital - low power consumption, high speed, low cost– Analog – low cost and can be integrated with digital
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Early Digital Integrated Circuit
Bipolar Logic3 Input Gate1966
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Early Microprocessor
Intel 400419711000 transistors1 MHz clock
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Modern Microprocessor
Intel Core 2 Duo2008300M transistors3GHz clock65nm technology70W power150mm2 die size
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Circuit Scaling
0.8um CMOS
1.2k gates/mm2
0.6um CMOS
3k gates/mm2
0.35um CMOS
18k gates/mm2
0.18um CMOS
80k gates/mm2
0.25um CMOS
25k gates/mm2
0.12um CMOS
180k gates/mm2
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Chip Manufacturing
Single dieWafer
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Design Abstraction
n+n+S
GD
+
DEVICE
CIRCUIT
GATE
MODULE
SYSTEM
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ECE334 - Course Outline
This course focuses on the transistor, circuit and gate levelsTopics to be covered ….- Processing of an Integrated Circuit- Transistor operation and modelling- Basic gate operation and speed estimates- Combinational logic- Sequential Logic- Memory- Dynamic Logic