ECE 5367 – Presentation

Prepared by:Prepared by:

Adnan KhanAdnan Khan

Pulin PatelPulin Patel

Carlos ReyesCarlos Reyes

Abbas ZaidiAbbas Zaidi

Pritesh PatelPritesh Patel

What is …

Automatic recognition of a person using distinguishing traits

MeasurableMeasurable: quantifying traits

RobustnessRobustness: extent to which trait changes over time

DistinctivenessDistinctiveness: measure of variations among patterns over a population

Biometrics as Authentication…

Something you have – card, tokenSomething you have – card, token

Something you know – PIN, Something you know – PIN, passwordpassword

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Something you are – BiometricSomething you are – Biometric

Definition (contd.)Definition (contd.) IdentificationIdentification

Who is Who? “one-to-many” search (1:N) Used in identifying criminals

VerificationVerification Is this Him/Her? “one-to-one” search (1:1) Used for physical or computer access

Biometric Biometric Technologies…Technologies… FingerprintFingerprint

Fingerprint pattern read & matched electronically

Iris RecognitionIris Recognition Measurement of the Iris pattern of the eye

Facial RecognitionFacial Recognition Recording spatial geometry of

distinguishing features Speaker/Voice RecognitionSpeaker/Voice Recognition

Voice or speaker recognition uses vocal characteristics for identification

Facial Recognition Based on ability to recognize faces Nodal points

80 nodal points on the face E.g.: Distance between eyes, width of

nose, Cheekbones, Chin etc “Face-Print” – code of the face

Numerical Code String of numbers

Facial Recognition (contd.)

AlgorithmAlgorithm1) Capture Image1) Capture Image

2) Find 2) Find FaceFace on the image on the image

3) Extract Features 3) Extract Features (to generate template)(to generate template)

4) Compare Templates 4) Compare Templates

5) Declare Matches5) Declare MatchesShow Example

Fingerprint

Formation of a unique signature Combination of Environmental and Genetic Factors :

Position of foetus, density of amniotic fluid, DNA’s impact on each ridge

The lowest mis-identification rate after Iris recognition

Three main methods of capturing finger print :1) Thermal Imaging2) Capacitance Scanner3) Optical Reader

Thermal Imaging Sensor

The sensor uses the heat patterns of the finger to create slices of a person's fingerprint

Each slice is then lined up using centering techniques

Capacitance and Optical

Capacitance Sensing :The plates act as capacitorsFinger acts as third plateCapacitance under ridge higherCapacitance under valley lower

Optical Sensing :Uses Charged Coupled Devices (CCD). An Array of photosites which allow a current to flow through when hit by photons. Darker areas are valleys and lighter areas are ridges.

Analysis of the Prints

Typica :

1) Minutiae Placement of ridges and

valleys

2) Bifurcations Splitting of lines into two andtheir recombining

Iris Recognition BackgroundBackground

Identifying persons without physical contact

Used by the U.S. government, correctional facilities, nuclear utilities, banks, etc.

The iris is the externally visible, colorful, donut-shaped organ surrounding the pupil of the eye.

Iris Recognition cont’d…(2) Uniqueness of the IrisUniqueness of the Iris

The iris is unique because of the morphogenesis of that organ.

Stability of the IrisStability of the Iris An iris is not normally contaminated with

foreign material (eyeglasses or contact lenses.)

It is not subject to deleterious effects of aging. The features of the iris remain stable and fixed from about one year of age until death.

Iris Recognition cont’d…(3)

Hamming Distance Calculation Hamming Distance Calculation

Recognition SpeedRecognition Speed Determined by the speed of the processor

and size of the database (normally less than two seconds).

Sunglasses and colored contact lenses pose no impediment to recognition.

Biggest AdvantagesBiggest Advantages Accuracy with an order of magnitude

greater than other biometric systems.

Iris Recognition cont’d…(4)

Voice Recognition

Automated process of identifying a specific individual's voice

Sound signal is digitized Result is a simple yes/no decision Deployed in such areas as

banking, account access, home PC and network access

Voice Recognition (cont…)

AdvantagesAdvantages Easy to use and require no special

training

No need to periodically manage/change passwords

Relatively inexpensive compared to other biometrics

Questions?