ECDISECDIS

Electronic chart display and Electronic chart display and information systeminformation system

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WHAT IS ECDISWHAT IS ECDIS

As set by IMO ECDIS comprises of:As set by IMO ECDIS comprises of: Type approved hardwareType approved hardware Type approved monitorType approved monitor Type approved softwareType approved software And the correct electronic chartsAnd the correct electronic charts

Safety at seaSafety at sea

According to statistics 30% of According to statistics 30% of accidents could have been avoided accidents could have been avoided by ECDISby ECDIS

What is ECDIS

AISAIS

ECDISECDIS

ELECTRONIC CHART TYPESELECTRONIC CHART TYPES

Vector chartsVector charts All data is in a data base.All data is in a data base. Data stored in data tables of separate Data stored in data tables of separate

information. Tables for buoys, nav. information. Tables for buoys, nav. Aids, digitized coast lines, sounding Aids, digitized coast lines, sounding lines, text tables etc..lines, text tables etc..

Each item stored with details of Each item stored with details of geographic location, characteristics, geographic location, characteristics, and and range of chart scale it will be range of chart scale it will be shown.shown.

Vector charts –points to rememberVector charts –points to remember

Chart data can be manipulated.Chart data can be manipulated. Data not required can be removed.Data not required can be removed. Data cluttering screen can be removed. Data cluttering screen can be removed.

E.g. During day transit, info. On lights can E.g. During day transit, info. On lights can be removed.be removed.

All removed data is still active in the All removed data is still active in the database.database.

Not all information can be removed from Not all information can be removed from display, e.g. minimum safety contours.display, e.g. minimum safety contours.

Vector charts- points to rememberVector charts- points to remember Vector charts can change scale- zoom in or Vector charts can change scale- zoom in or

out. Display will change according to scale. out. Display will change according to scale. e.g. Liverpool buoy.e.g. Liverpool buoy.

All soundings have scale parameter. All soundings have scale parameter. Density of soundings as per scale.Density of soundings as per scale.

Imagine attachment of scale factor to each Imagine attachment of scale factor to each depth- appreciate the job of cartographer.depth- appreciate the job of cartographer.

Chart details like datum, number, name Chart details like datum, number, name etc. only produced on demand.etc. only produced on demand.

Can draw a safety contour around your Can draw a safety contour around your ship.ship.

Vector charts points to rememberVector charts points to remember

No chart boundaries are seen. Charts No chart boundaries are seen. Charts are seamless.are seamless.

Chart seen in a 3D view- can detect Chart seen in a 3D view- can detect depth and overhead clearances.depth and overhead clearances.

Obtaining and maintaining of ECDIS Obtaining and maintaining of ECDIS data done by national hydrographers data done by national hydrographers and stored centrally by IHO.and stored centrally by IHO.

VECTOR CHARTS ARE solas VECTOR CHARTS ARE solas approved. Can replace paper charts.approved. Can replace paper charts.

RASTER CHARTSRASTER CHARTS Scanned image of a paper chartScanned image of a paper chart Done by scanning the original Done by scanning the original

template used to make paper chartstemplate used to make paper charts No intelligence associated with raster No intelligence associated with raster

charts.charts. Unable to customize displayUnable to customize display Look ahead warnings are limitedLook ahead warnings are limited

RASTER chartsRASTER charts Raster data is stored in picture Raster data is stored in picture

format.format. Picture to be stored is divided in Picture to be stored is divided in

small pixels of various colours.small pixels of various colours. Raster Charts are produced by Raster Charts are produced by

scanning paper charts using the scanning paper charts using the same technique as a photocopier or same technique as a photocopier or fax machine.fax machine.

Raster charts-points to rememberRaster charts-points to remember Raster data on display cannot be Raster data on display cannot be

manipulated by operator.manipulated by operator. No data can be suppressed or recalled.No data can be suppressed or recalled. Raster chart must be displayed at correct Raster chart must be displayed at correct

scale as the parent paper chart.scale as the parent paper chart. Zooming simply magnifies, no additional Zooming simply magnifies, no additional

data.data. Must warn user when not in scale.Must warn user when not in scale. Of course user can select another scale Of course user can select another scale

chart.chart.

Raster chart- points to rememberRaster chart- points to remember

When changing chart, position When changing chart, position transferred automatically- unlike transferred automatically- unlike paper chart.paper chart.

No warning about depths etc.No warning about depths etc. Cannot draw a safety contour around Cannot draw a safety contour around

ship.ship. Charts are not seamless, boundaries Charts are not seamless, boundaries

are visible.are visible.

Raster chartsRaster charts Approved raster data can be used in Approved raster data can be used in

ECDIS system where vector data is ECDIS system where vector data is not available- duel fuel mode.not available- duel fuel mode.

Paper charts to be used as primary Paper charts to be used as primary source where vector data is source where vector data is unavailable.unavailable.

What is the difference What is the difference between vector and ENCbetween vector and ENC

Electronic charts : for ECDISElectronic charts : for ECDIS

VECTOR---------ENCVECTOR---------ENC

RASTER---------RNCRASTER---------RNC

CHARTS for ECDISCHARTS for ECDIS

ENC- Electronic Navigational Charts: simply ENC- Electronic Navigational Charts: simply are vector charts that comply with the are vector charts that comply with the following standards:-following standards:-

Issued by state hydrographical office - no Issued by state hydrographical office - no private chartsprivate charts

ENCs are referred to WGS 84 datumENCs are referred to WGS 84 datum Must be of S57e3 vector formatMust be of S57e3 vector format Must be of S52 ENC product specificationMust be of S52 ENC product specification ENC content is responsibility of issuing ENC content is responsibility of issuing

hydrographical officehydrographical office

WHEN USED IN AN ECDIS:WHEN USED IN AN ECDIS: ECDIS distinguishes an official ENC ECDIS distinguishes an official ENC

from unofficial data.from unofficial data. When unofficial data used, ECDIS will When unofficial data used, ECDIS will

warn the user by alarm.warn the user by alarm. Unofficial chart boundary will be Unofficial chart boundary will be

identified by one sided red line with identified by one sided red line with diagonal stroke on the unofficial side.diagonal stroke on the unofficial side.

How do I recognise an official ENCHow do I recognise an official ENC

CHARTS FOR ECDISCHARTS FOR ECDIS

RNC- Raster Navigational ChartRNC- Raster Navigational ChartMust be:Must be: Issued by or under the authority of Issued by or under the authority of

a government a government Of S61 RNC product specificationOf S61 RNC product specificationRNC’s can be used in ECDIS but as RNC’s can be used in ECDIS but as 1.1. Secondary mode of operationSecondary mode of operation2.2. Only where no ENC publishedOnly where no ENC published3.3. Paper charts to be availablePaper charts to be available

ECDIS AND ECSECDIS AND ECS

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCEWHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE

Why is ECDIS differentWhy is ECDIS different ECDIS is different simply because ECDIS is different simply because

there is a standard, and any ECDIS there is a standard, and any ECDIS must comply with the standard.must comply with the standard.

Strictly regulated via SOLASStrictly regulated via SOLAS INTEGRATED navigation displayINTEGRATED navigation display Automatic route monitoringAutomatic route monitoring Uses official electronic chartsUses official electronic charts Automatic and regular chart updatesAutomatic and regular chart updates

WHICH STANDARDS BUTWHICH STANDARDS BUT ECDIS capabilities by IMO res.817/19ECDIS capabilities by IMO res.817/19 S57- data transferS57- data transfer S52 – chart content & displayS52 – chart content & display S61 – raster displayS61 – raster display IEC-61174IEC-61174

Don’t understand numbersDon’t understand numbers Equipment to be certified- type Equipment to be certified- type

approved.approved. Equipment to be backed up.Equipment to be backed up. Charts to be officialCharts to be official Operator to be qualified.Operator to be qualified.

ECDISECDIS

How accurate is ECDISHow accurate is ECDIS

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ECDISECDIS

Requirements by various Requirements by various StatesStates

Human element and ECDISHuman element and ECDIS While young navigators will often be quick While young navigators will often be quick

to explore the ECDIS and learn details, the to explore the ECDIS and learn details, the older and more experienced staff may be older and more experienced staff may be reluctant users.reluctant users.

The danger is that electronic navigation The danger is that electronic navigation becomes an exercise controlled by those becomes an exercise controlled by those with a flair for computers rather than with a flair for computers rather than those with experience in navigation.those with experience in navigation.

On the other hand young officers may rely On the other hand young officers may rely completely on electronic navigation and completely on electronic navigation and ignore the need of cross checking by ignore the need of cross checking by traditional means.traditional means.

Weather RouteingPreparation for future regulations

Recent IMO directive MSC/Circ.1063 establishes minimum standards for weather routing services onboard ship.

IMO has stipulated minimum standards for weather routing services.

An ECDIS with integrated Weather Forecast functions meets this new IMO regulation.

Playback Functions

Onboard briefing (replay of previous passages)Analysis of emergency situationsCourt-quality data

Live example 4:Situation:

Hong-Kong owned MV Pretty Source, a 47,000-gt bulker, received in Singapore a new charter for a passage to River Plate, Argentina. But some of the charts required for the passage were missing onboard.

Ship sat ‘Off-Hire’ for 5 days and lost an additional US$40,000 for hiring a supply vessel to deliver charts. Conclusion:With the on-line Chart Update Service available with ECDIS, a license code for the required charts would have been delivered via e-mail onboard within a few minutes.

Loss:

Better use of navtex

automated plotting eg NavTex

Fuel savings with Transas and SPOS

Fuel savings Test of SPOS during a winter season for Jo Tankers was analysed in seasons with and without SPOS on board.

The results are remarkable when looking at the westbound voyage tracks:

Before SPOS was onboard; the voyage tracks were quite conservative: south to 40° parallel and then westbound.

When SPOS was on board;The variation in tracks is much greater. This is explained by the availability of accurate weather information and the SPOS route advice.

Fuel savings

The weather encountered was also evaluated and the effect of both weather and a different track on vessel performance such as sailed time and average speed.

The World’s Biggest Single Contract For ECDIS

A.P. Moller, Maersk Sea Line.

160 dual ECDIS systems

Even before SPOS…Chastine Maersk saved in one year over $126,000 in fuel