EC-Earth – Copenhagen, Sep. 7/8, 2011

Coupling LPJ-GUESS to EC-Earth – Progress to Date and Plans

Lund University - Paul Miller, Guy Schurgers, Ben Smith, Almut Arneth

KNMI – Philippe Le Sager, Martina Weiss, Bart van den Hurk

Outline

• LPJ-GUESS version 2.1 & Motivation• EC-Earth / LPJ-GUESS Coupling – Progress to date• Plans – near term• Plans – long term

Goal: quantification and greater understanding of the feedbacks (biogeophysical and biogeochemical) between vegetation and climate at various temporal and spatial scales

Average individual for plant functional typeor species cohort in patch

Modelled area (stand)10 ha - 2500 km2

replicate patches in variousstages of development

Patch0.1 ha

tree grass

crown area

height

fine roots

leaves

LAI

sapwood

heartwood

0-50 cm50-100 cm

leaves / LAI

fineroots

stemdiameter

crown area

height

fine roots

leaves

LAI

sapwood

heartwood

sapwood

heartwood

0-50 cm50-100 cm

leaves / LAI

fineroots

stemdiameter

LPJ-GUESS ’cohort mode’ resolves plant individuals,canopy vertical structure and patch-scale heterogeneity*

*Smith et al. 2001 Global Ecology and Biogeography 10: 621

Dominant Global Vegetation in LPJ-GUESS v2.1

Picea

Pinus

Larch

TeBS

Birch

TeBE

TrBE

TrIBE

TrBR

C3GC4G

No Veg

Benchmarking datasets for carbon pools & fluxes, water fluxes, vegetation

RCA-GUESS can be used to identify hotspots of biophysical vegetation -feedbacks – significant locally and seasonally

Hydrological cycle feedbacks in southern and central Europe (summer) - underlying vegetation response

Change in JJA mean annual open land LAI SCN - CTL

negative T

feedback

CO2 fertilization

LAI increase E increase Central Europe:

positive T

feedback

warming/drying

LAI decrease E decrease

Southern Europe:

H-TESSEL Has Vegetation as a Fixed Input Field

• Each grid cell has two vegetation types, one high and one low, with specified cover fractions

• Based on GLCC data & BATS classification (1km)

• 1km raw data is aggregated for various IFS resolutions

Source: IFS Documentation Cy36r1

Low and High Vegetation

Source: IFS Documentation Cy36r1

Prescribed Vegetation Properties

Source: IFS Documentation Cy36r1

Replacing H-TESSEL’s Prescribed Vegetation with LPJ-GUESS Output

Source: IFS Documentation Cy36r1

No_veg

C3 GRASS

BNS

BNE

IBS

BINE

TeBS

TeBE

C4 GRASS

} TROPICAL TREES

LPJ-GUESS v2.1 – PFT with Maximum LAI

Offline/coupled set-up

LPJ-GUESS v2.1

CMIP5/RCPs

6h F

orci

ng

1 Jan 1850 - Restart

LPJ-GUESS v2.1

EC-Earth (IFS/H-TESSEL)V2.3

OASIS

EC-Earth PreIndustrial (v2.2)

(1800-49)

In Future: Canopy Height,Albedo, Water Uptake

LPJ-GUESS DUMMY

Daily LAI high/low veg LAI

For testing...

Compare with default EC-Earth

fields

offline

OASIS

Land use

coupled

Soil waterSoil temp.

Precip.2m TempSW rad.

Snow

Guy Schurgers

& Uwe Fladrich

First Offline, (v2.2) PreIndustrial Runs

• Use 1840-49 monthly averages of Tair, Tsoil, SW radiation, soil water OR precipitation

• Uses same T159 resolution as IFS

• Uses soil properties as decribed in Balsamo et al. (2009)

• Starts from bare ground and runs for 400 years, for all 9072 land points

• ”Low” LAI: No tree PFTs in simulation

• ”High” LAI: All PFTs can establish

• ”Savestate” on Dec 31, 1849 still being implemented

Spinup Natural Vegetation at (45.4 N, 2.5 E)HTESSEL: Interrupted Forest

TEMPERATE/EUROPE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

1 26

51

76

101

126

151

176

201

226

251

276

301

326

351

376

401

426

451

476

SPINUP YEAR

LA

I

Picea

Pine

TeBS

Birch

C3G

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecMONTH

LA

I

HIGH

LOW

Tropical and Boreal/Tundra ”High” Tile Vegetation

Natural Vegetation at (65.61 N, 50.4 E)HTESSEL: Evergreen Needleaved Trees

Natural Vegetation at (-5 N, 58.5 W)HTESSEL: Interrupted Forest

TROPICAL SITE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1

25 49 73 97

121

145

169

193

217

241

265

289

313

337

361

385

409

433

457

481

SPINUP YEAR

LAI

TrBE

TrIBE

TrBR

C3G

C4G

TUNDRA

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1 23 45 67 89 111

133

155

177

199

221

243

265

287

309

331

353

375

397

419

441

463

485

SPINUP YEARLA

I

Picea

Pinus

Birch

C3G

Dominant Vegetation types (“High” Tiles)

• Dominant vegetation from first offline spinup run uses “old” preindustrial spinup data (v2.2) • Dominant vegetation types reasonable nonetheless

TropicalPFTs

TemperatePFTs

Boreal/TundraPFTs

Grasses

No Vegetation

“High Tile” Annual LAI Fields

TropicalVegetation

Tundra

Grasses

No Vegetation

No Vegetation

Carbon Cycle Benchmarks

Discrepancy due to, e.g.• LPJ-GUESS spinup too short• Lower pCO2 in 1849• Biases in ECE output• T159 areas used to uspcale???

Variable CRU forced,

1961-90

EC-Earth, Preindustrial,

1940-49

NPP

(GtC/yr)

58 40

Vegetation Carbon (GtC)

802 569

Soil Carbon (GtC) 1331 876

IFS LPJ-GUESS onlinecoupling

• Status = Coupled !!– LPJ-GUESS uses 15 fields from IFS– Global fields, 6h coupling, T159– IFS receives but does not use LAIs– Successful 3 year testrun with EC-Earth v2.3– LPJ-GUESS starts from bare ground

• Before distribution– realistic & automatic restart (IFS/NEMO/LPJ-GUESS)– LPJ-GUESS restart files (generated with most recent Preindustrial

control run) – no longer bare ground – Thorough testing– practical & unflawed coupling frequency (IFS-NEMO-LPJ-GUESS

(TM5?)

EC-Earth & LPJ-GUESS – Next Steps

• Produce LPJ-GUESS restart for 01-Jan-1850• .... And continue the technical testing on

ECMWF supercomputers• Use LPJ-GUESS LAI fields in EC-Earth

sensitivity tests • Compare runs with ECE soil water and LPJ-

GUESS soil water• Add some new shrub PFTs (eg for Australia)• GOAL: first coupled run by end of 2011

EC-Earth & LPJ-GUESSSome Planned Experiments

• ECE v CRU offline, 1901-2005 – determination of biases

• Assess sensitivity of EC-Earth to LAI fields from LPJ-GUESS

• Beyond LAI: sensitivity to new fields, e.g. albedo, canopy height/z0, water uptake etc.

• Pinatubo experiment – are climate and vegetation anomalies amplified or damped in coupled experiments?

• Spring and summer droughts

EC-Earth (IFS/H-TESSEL/PISCUS)

Studying Feedbacks with LPJ-GUESS & EC-Earth (v2.x)

LPJ-GUESS Version X + OASIS Interface v2.0

CMIP5/RCPs/Land Use etc.

OASIS

F90

6h Forcing(17 Fields)

LAI high/low

1 Jan 1850 - Restart

LPJ-GUESS

OASIS

EC-Earth PreIndustrial Output, 1800-49

CH4, CO2, BVOC, NOx

TM5

N dep, Ozone

v2.x/v3?

Current LPJ-GUESS Development Activity

• Coupled Nitrogen-Carbon dynamics • Tropical wetlands• BVOC parameterisation for global PFTs• Land use & agriculture (based on LPJ-mL)• Ozone effects on plants• Global SPITFIRE model parameterisation• Forest management module• Migration module• Reduced timestep (diurnal cycle) • The Gridcell class• Generic OASIS interface

Thank You!