ebook experiencias de construccion partidaria en américa latina

7/31/2019 eBook Experiencias de Construccion Partidaria en Amrica Latina

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Meilia?Sbu{ilib Djaum|

Ei|mj y eib`{bdblia?\BHIAB\BALGM_Ljd}ailblia |{h!

Fjuj`{bfb|?B{lgivj emh S{j`{bdb em Fj{ubhmlidimauj Emdjl{uilj

I\KA?907$993=$9;2$7$5 'SA]E)I\KA?907$92$7=0;5$56$7 'IEMB Iaum{ablijabh)Ems|iuj Hm`bh?5$2$;


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2! S{m|maublia =

;! [ms{m|maubaum| em hb| ia|uiu}lijam| j{`baizbej{b| 6

5! Hb mwsm{imalib emh F{maum Bdshij ma mh ]{}`}by ;; Me}b{ej Fm{aaemz

=! Hb mwsm{imalib em hb Emdjl{blib L{i|uibab ma Lgihm


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] a jS{m|maublia

Mh S{j`{bdb em Fj{ubhmlidimauj Emdjl{uilj( iai$libuivb ljao}aub emh SA]E Kjhivib y mh Ia|uiu}uj Ia$um{ablijabh sb{b hb Emdjl{blib y hb B|i|umalibMhmluj{bh 'IEMB Iaum{ablijabh)( lja mh bsjyj em hbB`malib \}mlb em Ljjsm{blia Iaum{ablijabh sb{b mh Em$|b{{jhhj 'B\EI)( j{`baiz mh Ubhhm{ Iaum{ablijabh |jk{m Mw$sm{imalib| em Lja|u{}llia Sb{uieb{ib( r}m u}vj h}`b{ mahb li}ebe em Hb Sbz hj| eb| ;< y ;5 emh dm| em o}hij em ;330!

Mh mvmauj m|u}vj j{imaubej b u{ba|diui{ b }a `{}sj |m$hmllijabej em l}be{j| em jlgj em hb| s{ialisbhm| j{`baizb$lijam| sjhuilb| kjhivibab| lja hb| r}m mh s{jymluj u{bkbob?Djvidimauj bh \jlibhi|dj 'DB\)( Sjem{ Emdjl{uilj \j$libh 'SJEMDJ\)( Djvidimauj Ablijabhi|ub [mvjh}lijab{ij'DA[)( ]aiebe Ablijabh ']A)( Djvidimauj \ia Dimej'D\D)( Bhibazb \jlibh 'B\)( Djvidimauj J{iìab{ij Sjs}hb{'DJS) y B}ujajdb Sb{b Kjhivib 'BSK)( hj| s{jlm|j| em $am|i| y em|b{{jhhj em bh`}aj| ia|u{}dmauj| em {ms{m|maub$lia sjhuilb ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab( r}m s{m|mauba b|smluj|{mhmvbaum| sb{b mh lb|j kjhivibaj!

Hb {mhblia lja hb |jlimebe( hb m|uia skhilb( mh hiem${bz`j( hj| s{jlm|j| em fj{d}hblia s{j`{bduilb( hb fj{$dblia em l}be{j|( hb| m|u{bumìb| em ljd}ailblia y hb|

sjhuilb| em bhibazb| m|u}vim{ja mau{m ju{j| umdb| mamh dmjhhj em hb| ljafm{malib| {mbhizbeb| sj{ }a ljao}auj|mhmluj em mwsj|iuj{m|( m|smlibhdmaum maljdmaebej| sb$

{b m|ub ub{mb sj{ hb| j{`baizblijam| hbuiajbdm{ilbabviubeb| bh ubhhm{! Beilijabhdmaum( hb| j{`baizblijamvibab| |j|u}vim{ja }a eihj`j ei{mluj lja hj| iaviubej|iaum{ablijabhm|( b fia em m|ubkhmlm{ {mhblijam| e{blia ei{mlub!

Mh Sb{uiej em hj| U{bkbobej{m| 'SU) emh K{b|ih>\jlibhi|ub 'S\)( iaum`{baum emh F{maum Bdshij emh ]{Sb{uiej Bllia Ablijabh 'SBA) em Dwilj> hb Emdjl{L{i|uibab em Lgihm 'SEL) y mh Sjhj Emdjl{uilj em Ljljdsb{uim{ja lja hj| sb{uilisbaum| ablijabhm| hb| mws{imalib| bl}d}hbeb| ma hb eiflih( b vmlm| ia`{bub( sm{s{m bsb|ijabaum ub{mb em jf{mlm{ b lbeb |jlimebe bhuvb| bu{bluivb|( lja|i|umaum| y vibkhm| em {ms{m|maub

Mh SA]E m IEMB Iaum{ablijabh b`{bemlma em djelibh b Ijhm Ihibeb emh SU emh K{b|ih( b H}i| Me}b{eSBA em Dwilj( b Me}b{ej Fm{aaemz emh F{maum B]{}`}by( b @}ihhm{dj B|s{ihhb emh Sjhj Emdjl{uilj Babuivj em Ljhjdkib( b \m{ìj Dillj B`}byj emh SEL eLgihm y b O}ba Ma{ir}m Vm`b( Lja|}huj{ emh SBSMabh( sj{ |} {ba bsj{um bh wiuj emh Ubhhm{!

Bh s}khilb{ m|ub dmdj{ib m|sm{bdj| ljau{ik}i{ bhf}m{zj r}m( em }ab } ju{b dbam{b( |m vimam {mbhi

mh ljao}auj em hb| j{`baizblijam| sjhuilb| kjhivibab| s{b mhmvb{ hb lbhiebe y hb lja|i|umalib emh |i|umdb e|maublia!

Vi{ìaib Km{bdmaeiOMFB EMDI\IA

IEMB IAUM[ABLIJABH$KJHIVIB

Mhizbkmug Fja`[ MS[M\MAUBAUM[ M\IEMAUM

SA]E$KJHIVIB


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S{mlibej Gm{aaemz emh Sb{uiej em Bllia Ablijabh'SBA) em Dwilj> Ijhm Ihibeb( emh Sb{uiej em hj| U{bkbobej{m| 'SU) emh K{b|ih> Me}b{ej Fm{aaemz( \ml{mub{ij @am{bh emh Sb{uiej \jlibhi|ub( ljdsjamaum emh F{maum Bd$shij emh ]{}`}by> @}ihhm{dj B|s{ihhb Lj{jabej( dimdk{jemh Ljdiu Moml}uivj y f}aebej{ emh Sjhj Emdjl{uiljem Ljhjdkib> y \m{ìj Dillj B`}byj( S{idm{ Vilms{m|i$emaum emh Sb{uiej Emdl{bub L{i|uibaj 'SEL) em Lgihm!Mhhj| sb{uilisba ma m|um mvmauj em }ab dbam{b vm{ebem{bdmaum `mam{j|b( |jhieb{ib> uimama a}m|u{j {mljajli$dimauj sj{ |} ljau{ik}lia!

Ubdkia bljdsbb mh ubhhm{ mh s{idm{ mwsj|iuj{( O}baMa{ir}m Vm`b( lgihmaj m iaviubej ljdj mwsm{uj ma mh {ì$dma sjhuilj em Bd{ilb Hbuiab!

Ljdj s}mema vm{( m| }ab {ms{m|maublia bk|jh}ubdma$um sh}{bh! Gmdj| k}|lbej mwsj|iuj{m| lja mwsm{imalib| ei$vm{|b| ma hb {mìa sm{j( bemd| em eivm{|b|( |iàifilbuivb|!

E j |[ms{m|maubaum| em hb| ia|uiu}lijam| j{`baizbej{b|

K}maj| eb| b ujej| y kimavmaiej|! B|i|uidj| gjy bh Ub$hhm{ Iaum{ablijabh |jk{m Mwsm{imalib| em Lja|u{}llia Sb{$uieb{ib ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab( mvmauj r}m fj{db sb{um emh S{j$ymluj em [majvblia y Fj{ubhmlidimauj em hb| J{`baizblij$am| em [ms{m|maublia Sjhuilb ma Kjhivib( moml}ubej emdbam{b ljao}aub sj{ mh SA]E$Kjhivib m IEMB Iaum{ablijabhy r}m l}maub lja mh bsjyj fiabalim{j em hb Ljjsm{blia\}mlb!

Mh s{j`{bdb gb |iej ei|mbej lja hb iaumalia em em$|b{{jhhb{ ej| ljdsjamaum| ljdshmdmaub{ij|! ]aj m| mh emhj| shbam| em fj{ubhmlidimauj r}m lbeb }ab em hb| j{`bai$

zblijam| gb ljalmkiej b u{bv| em }a s{jlm|j em b}ujeib`$a|uilj y shbaifilblia sb{uilisbuivb( m|ubkhmlimaej |}| m|$u{bumìb| em bllia( |}| jkomuivj| y }a l}{|j em bllia emu{bkboj r}m vb em|em m|um djdmauj gb|ub fiam| emh bj;337! Mh |m`}aej ljdsjamaum m| mh em bllijam| em iaum{|ljda sb{b ujeb| hb| j{`baizblijam| sb{uilisbaum| ma m|ums{jymluj> hb bluiviebe em gjy fj{db sb{um em m|um sbr}mumem bluiviebem|!

Sb{uilisba ma m|um s{jymluj jlgj j{`baizblijam| kjhi$vibab|? mh Djvidimauj bh \jlibhi|dj 'DB\)( Sjemdj|( ]ai$ebe Ablijabh ']A) y mh Djvidimauj Ablijabhi|ub [mvjh}$lijab{ij 'DA[)( r}m |ja hb| l}bu{j j{`baizblijam| r}m uim$ama {ms{m|maublia sjhuilb ma mh Lja`{m|j em hb [mskhi$lb> hb| ju{b| l}bu{j |ja? Bhibazb \jlibh 'B\)( B}ujajdb sb${b Kjhivib 'BSK)( mh Djvidimauj J{iìab{ij Sjs}hb{ 'DJS) ymh Djvidimauj \ia Dimej 'D\D)( r}m uimama }a bhlbalm {m$ìjabh( b}ar}m bh`}ab| em mhhb|( ljdj B\ y BSK( |m gbas{js}m|uj hj`{b{ }ab s{m|malib ablijabh! Em gmlgj( B\ ybgb jkumaiej |} sm{|jam{b o}{eilb ljdj j{`baizblia emlb{lum{ ablijabh!

Ljaubdj| ma m|um ubhhm{ lja hb ljau{ik}lia em hj| {m$s{m|maubaum| em lialj j{`baizblijam| em Bd{ilb Hbuiab!H}i| Me}b{ej Ikmz( Ei{mluj{ @mam{bh em hb F}aeblia

BHFJA\J F M[[]FIAJ L JJ[EIABEJ[

S [J@[BDB EM F J[UBHMLIDIMAUJ E MDJL[UILJ $ SA]E

V I[@IAIBK M[BDMAEI IEMB I AUM[ABLIJABH O MFB EM DI\IA $ K JHIVIB

IEMB Iaum{ablijabh y mh SA]E( lja mh bsjyj em hb Ljj$sm{blia \}mlb( gba iailibej mh S{jymluj em [majvblia yFj{ubhmlidimauj emh \i|umdb em [ms{m|maublia Sjhuilb( mamh r}m sb{uilisba jlgj em hb| s{ialisbhm| mauiebem| sjhui$lb| em Kjhivib! M|um Ubhhm{ Iaum{ablijabh |jk{m Mwsm{imem Lja|u{}llia Sb{uieb{ib ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab m| sb{um emm|m s{jymluj( y |m ma{ir}mlm lja hb| mwsm{imalib| em hj| lj$hm`b| emh Sb{uiej em hj| U{bkbobej{m| emh K{b|ih( em hb Emdl{blib L{i|uibab em Lgihm( emh Sjhj Emdjl{uilj em Ljhjd$kib( emh Sb{uiej em Bllia Ablijabh em Dwilj y emh F{maumBdshij emh ]{}`}by( b l}yj| {ms{m|maubaum| b`{bemzlj sj{|} mam{j|b ljau{ik}lia!

Lim{ubdmaum( m|um mvmauj |m {mbhizb ma }a ljaumwuj dbevm{|j b hb| fj{db| lh|ilb| em hb {ms{m|maublia sjhuilbma Kjhivib y ma ju{j| sb|m| em hb {mìa! M| }ab l{i|i| r}m


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uimam r}m vm{ lja hb s{eieb em hb lbhiebe ma mh mom{lilij emhb| f}alijam| s{idj{eibhm| em hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj|( b`{m$`blia y {ms{m|maublia em iaum{m|m|( lja|u{}llia em li}$ebebab( fj{d}hblia em s{jymluj| m|ububhm| y |jlimubhm|(lja|u{}llia em f}u}{j y m|uia skhilb! Ma lja|ml}malib(hb {majvblia y mh fj{ubhmlidimauj em hb| mauiebem| em {m$s{m|maublia sjhuilb sb|ba amlm|b{ibdmaum sj{ bo}|um| emvi|ia iemjhìlb y fj{d}hblia s{j`{bduilb( mfmluivb em$djl{blib iaum{ab y hiem{bz`j( lbsbliebe em ljavjlbuj{ib(j{`baizblia y djvihizblia em hb kb|m |jlibh( ljd}ailb$lia ma |}| eivm{|b| fj{db| y em|b{{jhhj em hb lbsbliebe em`m|uia ieamb em hj| b|}auj| em M|ubej!

Mh s{jymluj em IEMB Iaum{ablijabh y mh SA]E bs}aub bs{jdjvm{ }a s{jlm|j r}m uma`b {blm| ma hb s{jsib vi|iam|u{buìlb em lbeb }ab em hb| j{`baizblijam| sb{uilisba$um|( ma hb emfiailia em |}| hamb| dbm|u{b| em bllia y ma mhljds{jdi|j em |}| hem{m| y em |}| l}be{j|! Sj{ m|j( mh s{j$ymluj f}m sma|bej em fj{db ubh r}m lbeb mauiebe sjhuilbgb`b |} b}ujeibà|uilj iemauifilbaej fj{ubhmzb| y emkihi$ebem|( bdmabzb| y jsj{u}aiebem| y( |jk{m m|b kb|m( fj{d}$hm |} shba em fj{ubhmlidimauj!

]aj em hj| mom| u{ba|vm{|bhm| emh s{jymluj lja|i|um ma

s{jdjvm{( ma mh |maj em ujeb| hb| j{`baizblijam| sb{uili$sbaum|( }ab hmlu}{b d| {i`}{j|b em |} s{jsib |iu}blia( b|ljdj emh ljaumwuj ma mh r}m emkma u{bkbob{! Fj{db sb{umem m|m mom{lilij mh ljajlm{ hb| mwsm{imalib| em ju{j| s{j$ymluj| sjhuilj| r}m gba hj`{bej ajuj{ib |jhiemz ma ju{j|sb|m| em hb {mìa( y r}m s}eim{ba bsj{ub{ {mfm{malib| ui$hm| sb{b mh s{jlm|j em {mljafi`}{blia emh |i|umdb sjhuiljma Kjhivib!

Sj{ lim{uj( IEMB Iaum{ablijabh u{bkbob ma m|uj| umdb|em|em }ab sm{|smluivb sh}{bh( ialh}ymaej b hb dbyj{ sb{umem hb| mws{m|ijam| sjhuilb| emh dkiuj ablijabh y {mìjabh!]ab d}m|u{b em m|b j{imaublia |ja ej| s}khilblijam| r}mgjy hm| s{m|mauj br}( y r}m |ja mh {m|}hubej em u{bkboj|{mbhizbej| ma hj| sb|m| baeiaj|?Hb sjhuilb sj{ emau{j yHbsjhuilb y hb sjk{mzb ma hj| sb|m| baeiaj| !

Sb{b um{diab{( r}i|im{b |idshmdmaum bs{jvmlgb{ m|ubjsj{u}aiebe sb{b emli{hm| r}m IEMB Iaum{ablijabh m|ubk{imaej |} s{jsib jfiliab br} ma Kjhivib( sb{b ljauia}b{u{bkbobaej sj{ mh fj{ubhmlidimauj em hb jkm{abkihiebe em$djl{uilb ma mh db{lj em hj| s{jlm|j| em s{jf}aeb| u{ba|$fj{dblijam| r}m vivm mh sb|( b| ljdj sb{b ljau{ik}i{ bhdmoj{ bs{jvmlgbdimauj sj|ikhm em |}| {ml}{|j| mam{ùi$lj|! D}lgb| {blib|!

MWSM[IMALIB\ EMLJA\U[]LLIA SB[UIEB[IB

MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

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F [ME[IN ] @@HBJ FILIBH EM S[J@[BDB\ EM HBM DKBOBEB EM \ ]MLIB

Sb{b hb Ljjsm{blia \}mlb m| {mbhdmaum }a b`{beem{ sb{uilisb{ ma m|um mvmauj( r}m aj| sb{mlm f}aebHb Ljjsm{blia \}mlb m| }ab em hb| sjlb| r}m |m iaumma u{bkbob{ lja sb{uiej| sjhuilj|! Mfmluivbdmaum( l{mau{m hb| ub{mb| em hj| j{`bai|dj| em ljjsm{blia iaumlijabh aj |hj emkm fi`}{b{ hb ljjsm{blia ma b|}auj| e|bh}e y me}lblia( |iaj ubdkia mh bsjyj sb{b mh k}makim{aj( sb{b mh fj{ubhmlidimauj em hb emdjl{blib( mhj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| |ja idsj{ubaum|!

Baum| gbkb }a g}mlj ma mh ljajlidimauj sj{r}m |m khbkb em j{`baizblijam| aj }km{abdmaubhm| y djvidim

uj| |jlibhm| y |m m|ubkb jhviebaej b hb| j{`baizblijam| sjhuilb|( hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj|! M|j {ms{m|maubkb ma fj{db }a g}mlj ma a}m|u{j ljalmsuj em ldj f}alijab hbemdjl{blib( hj r}m sj{ |}s}m|uj m| mwshilbkhm sj{r}m|}hub eiflih bsjyb{ b hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| em|em }a j{ài|dj iaum{ablijabh!

M|um mvmauj( r}m m|sm{j |i{vb ljdj djemhj sb{b mu}{j( aj| sm{dium vm{ r}m b}ar}m |m k{iaem bsjyj b hdjl{blib sb{b mh k}ma jkim{aj( gblma fbhub sb{uiej|huilj| r}m f}alijama! Sjemdj| bsjyb{ b d}lgb| j{`bai$zblijam| aj `}km{abdmaubhm|( b d}lgj| djvidimauj||jlibhm|> sm{j |i aj gby }ab {ms{m|maublia sjhuilbm|f}m{zj vb b r}meb{ ma abeb! Ma hb k|r}meb emu{}i{ {mbhdmaum }ab emdjl{blib e}{bem{b( hb mvum{ilb r}m m|ubdj| gblimaej hj| j{`bai|dj| em ljjsm${blia iaum{ablijabh {mfhmob em bhà djej ldj |m s|b ma mh ei|l}{|j blbedilj y mh ei|l}{|j um{ilj |jk{m emdjl{blib!

Ma hb| huidb| elbeb| |m gb gbkhbej d}lgj em hb idsj{ubalib em hb emdjl{blib emhikm{buivb y em }ab emlib d| sb{uilisbuivb! Lim{ubdmaum( hb emdjl{blib hb|iub> sm{j ubdkia amlm|iub hb {ms{m|maublia sb{bab{> em ju{b dbam{b( {m|}hub lb|i ialjalmkikhm! Gb


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MWSM[IMALIB\ EMLJA\U[]LLIA SB[UIEB[IBMA BD[ILB HBUIAB

7

ljdj \}izb( ejaem | |m m|u u{bkbobaej em hb ju{b fj{db>sm{j hb dbyj{b em hb| emdjl{blib| ma mh d}aej |ja em$djl{blib| {ms{m|maubuivb|> m| emli{( uimama |} f}aebdmaujma mh f}alijabdimauj em j{`bai|dj| sjhuilj| j sb{uiej|sjhuilj|! Ujdbdj| ljalimalib em mhhj( y l{mj r}m |m m|ubk{imaej }a ei|l}{|j j }ab a}mvb vm{uimaum emau{j emh ei|$l}{|j |jk{m hb emdjl{blib r}m ialh}ym d}lgj d| b hj|sb{uiej| sjhuilj| ljdj fbluj{m| f}aebdmaubhm| sb{b hblbhiebe( mh f}alijabdimauj y s{jsib |}sm{vivmalib em hbemdjl{blib!

Sj{ m|j hb idsj{ubalib em }a ubhhm{ ljdj |um( r}m s}m$eb sm{diui{ iaum{lbdkib{ mwsm{imalib| m iemb| ma mh dki$uj {mìjabh! D}y b dma}ej |}lmem r}m vimama sm{|jab|em \}mlib( em hj| M|ubej| ]aiej| j em bhà sb| emh Aj{$um b ljaub{aj| |} mwsm{imalib( y l{mj r}m m|j uimam {mhb$lia lja hb iemb em r}m ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab hb emdjl{blibm|u ma l{i|i| j r}m hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| m|ua ma l{i|i|!\ia mdkb{`j( gby r}m {mljajlm{ r}m m|b l{i|i| |m mwuima$em( y r}m mwi|um ubauj ma M}{jsb ljdj ma M|ubej| ]aiej|y ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab!

Hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| |}mlj| gba sm{eiej ma hj| huidj|2= bj| bh{memej{ em hb diube em |}| dimdk{j|( y ma {mbhi$

ebe( u{bubaej em vjhlb{ }a sjlj hb sm{|smluivb( m| ma Bd${ilb Hbuiab ejaem |m vma mwsm{imalib| em sb{uiej| mvjh}lij$abaej y ujdbaej a}mvb| fj{db|( y vm{mdj| {ms{m|maubeb|br} bh`}ab| em m|b| mwsm{imalib|! Sj{ m|j aj dm r}mebd| r}m fmhiliub{ b hj| j{`baizbej{m| em m|um mvmauj r}m(m|ubdj| |m`}{j|( vb b |m{ idsj{ubaum ubauj sb{b hj| sb{ui$lisbaum| ljdj sb{b mh ljaumwuj sjhuilj ma mh r}m bluba!D}lgb| {blib|!

D}y k}maj| eb| b ujej|( bdi`j| em hb dm|b( Vi{ìaib(F{mem{iln( Lg{i|uiba Omuu( r}m m| mh jfilibh ablijabh emSA]E r}m buimaem ujeb mh {mb em @jkm{abkihiebe Emdj$l{uilb( Bhfja|j( r}m m| mh ljj{eiabej{ emh S{jymluj em [m$ajvblia y Fj{ubhmlidimauj emh \i|umdb em [ms{m|maubliaSjhuilb! R}im{j eb{ hb kimavmaieb b O}ba Ma{ir}m Vm`b( Me}b{ej Fm{aaemz( b Ijhm Ihibeb( b H}i| Me}b{ej Ikmz( b@}ihhm{dj B|s{ihhb y b \m{ìj Dillj( y mh b`{bemlidimaujemh SA]E sj{ |} s{m|malib ma m|ub bluiviebe! I`}bhdmaum(ebdj| hb kimavmaieb b ujej| hj| dimdk{j| emh DB\( Sjem$dj|( ]A( DA[ y b hb| j{`baizblijam| {mìjabhm| ljdj B\(

D\D( DJS y BSK!Ma mh bj ;335( mh SA]E hbaz }a iafj{dm |jk{m mh m|ub$ej em hb emdjl{blib ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab! Ma m|um iafj{dm |m|mbhb( mau{m ju{b| lj|b|( r}m |i kima Bd{ilb Hbuiab gb hj$`{bej }ab li}ebebab mhmluj{bh( }ab li}ebebab sjhuilbkb|ubaum mhmvbeb( hb li}ebebab livih y hb li}ebebab |jlibhujebvb m|ua ma {ba efiliu ma hb {mìa! Mh iafj{dm |mb$hb hb idsj{ubalib em hb sjhuilb sb{b }ab emdjl{blib d|sm{fmluikhm! Yj dm gm bu{mviej b mwu{bm{ }ab sb{um emiafj{dm |jk{m hb emdjl{blib( r}m {mljì mau{mvi|ub| bs{jf}aeiebe lja sm{|jabhiebem| sjhuilb| em 27 sb|m| hb{mìa( ejaem |m |mbhb hj |i`}imaum?

Sb{b hb emdjl{blib( hb sjhuilb m| hb s{idm{b ljaeilia( hbsjhuilb l}dshm }ab f}alia viubh ma mh s{jlm|j emdj$l{uilj( ljalikm b hb| sjhuilb| skhilb| sb{b bublb{ hj|s{jkhmdb| r}m lja|iem{b lmau{bhm| y hj| shb|db ma s{j$ymluj| r}m lja|uiu}yma hb| |jh}lijam| k|ilb| em hb |j$limebe( jf{mlm hj| ei{i`maum| r}m s}mema moml}ub{hj|(b`{}sb hj| dihhjam| em vjh}aubem| li}ebebab| ma ljd}$am| emajdiabej{m| r}m sm{diuma mhmì{ mau{m }a adm${j {bzjabkhm em bhum{abuivb| mhmluj{bhm| y fiabhdmaum

Gblma fbhub sb{uiej| sjhuilj| r}m f}alijama! Sjemdj| bsjyb{ bd}lgb| j{`baizblijam| aj `}km{abdmaubhm|( b d}lgj| djvidimauj||jlibhm|> sm{j |i aj gby }ab {ms{m|maublia sjhuilb( m|m m|f}m{zj vb br}meb{ ma abeb!

BHF[MEJ D B[UY [ MS[M\MAUBAUM

[ M\IEMAUM B!I !EMH SA]E


9/74

lja|u{}ym mh sjem{ skhilj amlm|b{ij sb{b moml}ub{ hj|s{jymluj| r}m s{m|maub hb |jlimebe( hb sjhuilb malb{abhb| jslijam|( b`{}sb hb| vjh}aubem| y l{mb sjem{!

Ljdj |mbhbkb a}m|u{b ljhm`b Vi{ìaib Km{bdmaei( maBd{ilb Hbuiab gby }ab l{i|i| em hb sjhuilb y em hb {ms{m$|maublia sj{r}m hb| ljaeilijam| r}m blbkj em dmalijab{|m l}dshma sb{libhdmaum y ma jlb|ijam| aj mwi|uma! M|ub|ljaeilijam| ei|uba em l}dshi{|m ma d}lgj| sb|m| em hb {m$ìa( hj r}m emkihiub smhi`{j|bdmaum hb f}alia em hj| sb{$uiej| ljdj hj| s{ialisbhm| lja|u{}luj{m| em hb sjhuilb sb${b hb emdjl{blib! Sb{b mhhj |m {mr}im{m ia|uiu}lijam| mfilb$lm|( sb{uiej| sjhuilj| y s{luilb| u{ba|sb{maum| y {m|sja$|bkhm|( ljdj eilm mh iafj{dm |jk{m mh m|ubej em hb emdj$l{blib ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab!

M|ubdj| |m`}{j| y d}y ljavmaliej| em r}m m|um ubhhm{em ej| eb| |m{ mh m|sblij ejaem hj| sb{uiej| ablijabhm| yhb| b`{}sblijam| li}ebebab|( r}m |ja {ms{m|maublijam|

sjhuilb| em Kjhivib( `bab{a d}lgj lja hb mwsm{imalm|uj| lialj sb{uiej| lja|jhiebej| em hb {mìa em Bd{ilbHbuiab! M| k}maj r}m |mba em hb {mìa s}m| gbkhdi|dj ieijdb( umamdj| hb di|db s{jkhmduilb( hj| di|$dj| aivmhm| em sjk{mzb( hj| di|dj| aivmhm| em em|i`}bhli{l}a|ubalib| ma hb| r}m sb{uiej| sjhuilj| o}m`ba }a {emum{diabaum!

M|sm{bdj| {mbhdmaum r}m( o}auj lja ju{b| bluivier}m gb em|b{{jhhbej mh S{jymluj em Fj{ubhmlidimaSb{uiej| Sjhuilj|( m|ub bluiviebe hj| by}em b {mfhmwb `bab{ mwsm{imalib |jk{m hj r}m gblma ju{j| sb{gm{dbaj| em hb {mìa( r}m s}meb bshilb{|m ma ljaefj{ubhmlm{ sj{ emau{j b a}m|u{j| sb{uiej| sjhuilj|(djej r}m bam o}|ubdmaum r}ima vb b bab{? hb emdjlib ma Kjhivib( hb emdjl{blib ma a}m|u{j sb|! Ljdj em Vi{ìaib Km{bdmaei( sb{b r}m m|um s{jlm|j em u{ba|lia y lbdkij hhmvm b k}ma s}m{uj b hb |jlimebe kjhivD}lg|idb| {blib|!


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

9Sb{b hb emdjl{blib( hb sjhuilb m| hb s{idm{b ljaeilia! Hb sjhuilbl}dshm }ab f}alia viubh ma mh s{jlm|j emdjl{uilj( ljalikm b hb|sjhuilb| skhilb| sb{b bublb{ hj| s{jkhmdb| r}m lja|iem{b lmau{bhm| yhj| shb|db ma s{jymluj| r}m lja|uiu}yma hb| |jh}lijam| k|ilb| em hb|jlimebe!


10/74

Gblm{ sjhuilb lja|i|um ma s{je}li{ gj{izjaum|r}m sm{diuma sjam{ hb| lj|b| ma sm{|smluivb

Aj{km{u Hmlgam{

I! Hb| a}mvb| ljaeilijam|emh r}mgblm{ sjhuilj

Mh umdb em hb l{i|i| em hb sjhuilb |m gb ljavm{uiej ma }ah}`b{ ljda! Ubdkia hb em hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj|! M| fbdi$hib{ hb {mfm{malib bh em|l{eiuj lja r}m |m lb{blum{izb b m|$ub| bluiviebem|( r}m |m mws{m|b s{ialisbhdmaum ma hb em|$ljafibazb gblib r}imam| |m emeilba b m|um u{bkboj ljdjbluiviebe s{mfm{maum! M|um m| }a ebuj ubauj emh |mauiej lj$da( ljdj em mwsm{uj| y babhi|ub|! R}iz| ljdj a}alb ba$um|( gby }ab eiv}h`blia em iemb| m id`mam| r}m {mkbobahb sjhuilb b }a aivmh em {dj{b |jlibh( bh em }ab bluivieber}m emuimam mh s{j`{m|j y hj ljdshilb iaamlm|b{ibdmaum!

Sj{ |} sb{um( hj| umdb| em hb hjkbhizblia( shbamub{izb$lia( iaum{ablijabhizblia y d}lgj| ju{j| u{diaj| |mdm$ obaum| fj{dba sb{um ubdkia emh idbìab{ij y sbu{idjaijhia`|uilj ljaumdsj{amj! Lja mhhj| |m k}|lb em|l{iki{ljdshmoj| y dhuishm| s{jlm|j| r}m bh}ema |id}huamb$dmaum b fmadmaj| mljadilj|( l}hu}{bhm| y sjhuilj|( uj$ej| vial}hbej| bh mdsmr}mmlidimauj emh d}aej y b hbbdshiblia em hb| f{jaum{b| ma ujeb| m|b| eidma|ijam|(|bhvj hb| {mfm{ieb| b hj| djvidimauj| em sjkhblia y em hbf}m{zb em u{bkboj!

Ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab( mh s{idm{ umdb ubdkia gb |iej {m$l}{{maum em|em hb{`b ebub! ]ab iaa}dm{bkhm |}lm|ia em`jhsm| em M|ubej( b|jabeb|( l}b{umhbzj| y mdm{`malib em

lb}eihhj| y lb}eihhmoj| |m gba hhmvbej b lbkj ma ajdk{m emhb l{uilb b hj| sjhuilj| y b hb sjhuilb! M|ub u{beilia ber}i${i( ma ujej lb|j( }a sb{uil}hb{ afb|i| ma hj| sb|m| r}mbf{jaub{ja mwsm{imalib| eilubuj{ibhm| j b}uj{iub{ib| ma hb|huidb| elbeb| emh |i`hj sb|bej! Ujeb| mhhb| |j|u}vim{jalja dbyj{ j dmaj{ iauma|iebe }a f}m{um bubr}m b hbsjhuilb( o}|uifilbaej mh b}uj{iub{i|dj( mau{m ju{j| mhmdma$uj|( sj{ mh b`jubdimauj em hj| |i|umdb| sjhuilj| y em hj|bluj{m| r}m |m em|mdsmbkba ma mhhj|( sm{j baum| r}m ab$eb( ma }ab em|lbhifilblia em hb sjhuilb di|db!

Mh {muj{aj j hb u{ba|ilia gblib |i|umdb| emdjl{uilj|(|i kima hmvbau sj{ }a k{mvm uimdsj mh vbhj{ em hb bluiviebesjhuilb( em{iv {siebdmaum ma a}mvb| m{j|ijam| ma |} lb$sbliebe em ljae}llia |jlibh! Ma mfmluj( s{je}luj em }ab|m{im em |iu}blijam| em ia`jkm{abkihiebe em hb mljajdb(dbaifm|ubeb| ma eivm{|j| sb|m|( |m mam{b{ja a}mvj| bub$r}m| ljau{b hb bluiviebe sjhuilb( {ms{m|maubeb ljdj {m|$sja|bkhm em m|uj| fmadmaj|! Ma m|ub| li{l}a|ubalib|mdm{ìm{ja a}mvj| hiem{bz`j|( l}yj j{i`ma |m |iu}bkb bsb${maumdmaum f}m{b em hj| dkiuj| em hb sjhuilb u{beilijabh!

]ab mws{m|ia em mhhj| f}m{ja hj| amjsjs}hi|dj| em em${mlgb y em izr}im{eb!Ma hj r}m vb emh |i`hj WWI( mh s{jkhmdb r}m d| gb bfml$

ubej mh s{m|uiìj |jlibh em hb bluiviebe skhilb gb |iej mh emhb lj{{}slia! ]a ljao}auj em gmlgj| gb iavjh}l{bej b bh$ub| b}uj{iebem| sjhuilb| y b hem{m| em jsiaia ma bllijam|em s{jumllia( mal}k{idimauj j ljdshiliebe ma bluivieb$em| ihm`bhm|! [siebdmaum |m gb mwumaeiej }ab idb`ma mar}m |m b|idihb hb iemb em sjhuilb lja lj{{}slia( u{filj em

iafh}malib| y }uihizblia emhM|ubej ljdj f}maum em bl}$d}hblia s{ivbeb( mau{mju{j|! Mh fmadmaj em hb lj${{}slia bsb{mlm( sj{ |}sb{um( vial}hbej b hb ia|ubhb$lia em }ab lim{ub iaum{ab$lijabhizblia emh l{idma j{$`baizbej( b u{bv| ubauj emhab{lju{filj ljdj emh lj$dm{lij ihm`bh em b{db|!

Hb l{uilb em hb sjhuilb |mhmvbaub |jk{m fbluj{m| {mb$hm|! Mh d}aej blu}bh gb |}$

U { m |Sjhuilb y sb{uiej| sjhuilj|

hbuiajbdm{ilbaj| ma }a d}aej `hjkbh

O ]BA M A[IR]M V M@BL JA\]HUJ[ $ SBSMS [ M@IJABH

Mh {muj{aj j hbu{ba|ilia gblib

|i|umdb|emdjl{uilj|( |ikima hmvbau sj{ }a

k{mvm uimdsj mhvbhj{ em hb

bluiviebe sjhuilb(em{iv {siebdmaumma a}mvb| m{j|ijam|ma |} lbsbliebe emljae}llia |jlibh!


11/74

f{iej }a ljao}auj em u{ba|fj{dblijam| i`baum|lb| em lb${lum{ livihizbuj{ij! U{m| |ja( bh dmaj|( hb| d}ublijam| lma$u{bhm| r}m gba bfmlubej emli|ivbdmaum b hb sjhuilb?2! Gb lbdkibej mh m|sblij ablijabh! Mhhj |i`aifilb mh

b`jubdimauj em hb| fj{db| y lbsbliebem| emh M|ubej$ablia djem{aj u{beilijabh!

;! \m gba s{je}liej `{baem| djeifilblijam| em hb m|fm{bskhilb? Sb{hbdmauj( dmeij| em ljd}ailblia( m|sb$lij| em emhikm{blia!


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

22

Hb vieb blu}bh m|uem|bfibeb sj{ ej|

s{jlm|j|? }am|ubhhiej em hb|jlimebe sj{

b{{ikb( lja|uiu}iejsj{ hb `hjkbhizblia>y }a m|ubhhiej em hb

|jlimebe sj{bkboj( db{lbej sj{hb d}huishilblia em

hb| iemauiebem||jlibhm|!


12/74

m|ub iemb em bs{jsiblia emhf}u}{j m{b mh ljajlidimauj(r}m |m m|u{}lu}{bkb ma sb${bei`db| r}m sm{diuba j{$emab{ y om{b{r}izb{ hj| blja$umlidimauj| y fmadmaj||jlibhm| b sb{ui{ em {i`}{j|j|ljalmsuj| em vm{ebe j fbh|m$ebe( em abu}{bhmzb j gi|uj${ib( em lj{{mllia j ialj${{mllia!

Ma |} djdmauj d| em$|b{{jhhbej( hb djem{aiebe s{je}oj ej| `{baem| sb{bei`$db| jdailjds{ma|ivj| y |i|udilj|? mh lbsiubhi|ub y mh |j$libhi|ub( bdkj| d}u}bdmaum {mfm{iej|! Hb l{i|i| y emkblhmemh |jlibhi|dj {mbh( dbum{ibhizbej gi|u{ilbdmaum ma em$um{diabeb| |jlimebem|( u{boj lja|i`j mh l}m|uijabdimauj`mam{bhizbej em hb| id`mam| em f}u}{j y em hb iemb di|$db em s{j`{m|j r}m gbkba m|ubej ma |} kb|m! B|( mh b`j$ubdimauj em hj| sb{bei`db| y hb {blijabhiebe( r}m gi|u${ilbdmaum |m mws{m|b{ja ma mh |jlibhi|dj {mbh( |iàifilubdkia ljdj lja|ml}malib r}m a}mvj| l}m|uijab$

dimauj| |m bk{im{ba b hb| hìlb| r}m gba f}aebej hb dj$em{aiebe lbsiubhi|ub!Sb{b bh`}aj| |m gb hhm`bej bh fia em hb gi|uj{ib lja mh

u{i}afj emfiaiuivj em }ab em hb| sj|ilijam| r}m |m malja$u{bkba ma hb s}àb( u{ba|fj{daej|m b| mh f}u}{j ma }as{m|maum ljauia}j! Sb{b ju{j|( hj| hhbdbej| sj|udjem{aj|(hb gi|uj{ib gb sm{eiej |} |mauiej y |}| |}omuj|! \m gb lja$vm{uiej ma }ab iafiaiebe em gi|uj{ib| lb{blum{izbeb| sj{ |}eivm{|iebe y d}huiu}e em |mauiej|! Hb mwi|umalib em m|umsh}{bhi|dj gi|u{ilj em |mauiej|( |mà m|ub j{imaublia(gbk{b lja|uiu}iej |imds{m y ma ujej lb|j hb {mbhiebe em hj|fmadmaj| |jlibhm|! M|ub {mbhiebe f}m madb{lbeb y |}khi$dbeb ma `{baem| {mhbuj|( ljdj mh l{i|uibai|dj( mh hikm{b$hi|dj j mh db{wi|dj! M|uj| |i|umdb| ejub{ja bh r}mgblm{g}dbaj em }a l}mauj( ma vi{u}e emh l}bh |m |bl{ifilb{jahb| `{baem| j smr}mb| eifm{malib| y m|smlifiliebem| l}h$u}{bhm| y g}dbab|!

Mh ebuj lmau{bh r}m |m mal}mau{b s{m|maum ma m|uj| ba$hi|i| m| hb lja|ubublia em hb blmhm{blia l{mlimaum emhuimdsj! Hb dbàiu}e y vmhjliebe em hj| lbdkij| r}m |mgba em|shm`bej ma hb| huidb| elbeb| |m mws{m|ba ma uj$eb| hb| eidma|ijam| em hb vieb g}dbab? em|em hb hjkbhizb$lia em hb mljajdb( hj| a}mvj| em|l}k{idimauj| limaufi$

lj| y umlajhìlj|( hb {mvjh}lia ma hb| ljd}ailblijam| yhb iafj{dblia( gb|ub hb| l{i|i| emh |jlibhi|dj {mbh y hb| em$djl{blib| hikm{bhm|! \mà Hmlgam{( m|uj gb u{bej ljdj{m|}hubej r}m |m |jlbvma a}m|u{b| ljj{emabeb| em uimdsjy m|sblij y( sj{ maem( em hb| lhbvm| dmeibaum hb| l}bhm| ia$um{s{mubdj| hb {mbhiebe |jlibh! Em m|ub dbam{b( lb{mlmdj|em k{o}hb lja hb l}bh j{imaub{aj| ma }a d}aej lbeb vmzd| ljdshmoj! Ldj m|u{}lu}{b{ y bljub{ }ab {mbhieber}m aj| em|kj{eb: Mh |m{ g}dbaj aj |jsj{ub emdb|ibeb{mbhiebe! Mhhj aj| bfmlub ma hb mwi|umalib ljuieibab> sm{ubdkia ma mh r}mgblm{ sjhuilj! \m gba em|u{}iej hj| db$sb| ljàiuivj| r}m by}ebkba b fiob{ hb| ljj{emabeb| y |m$hmllijab{ hb| {}ub| sj|ikhm|!

Ma m|ub |iu}blia hb sjhuilb sim{em |mauiej y( sj{ maem(ubdkia hj| sb{uiej| ma |} ljalmslia djem{ab! Ma hb vi$|ia emh u{i}afj fiabh y emfiaiuivj emh lbsiubhi|dj( m|uj| h$uidj| |m {me}lma b }a ia|u{}dmauj d| em hj| li}ebebaj|ma hb dbwidizblia ulailb em mfilimalib| sb{b hb bediai|$u{blia em hj| s{jkhmdb| skhilj|! Bgj{b lb{mlma em }aljaumaiej fiabhi|ub e{bduilj! Ma |} bllia aj m|u ma o}m$`j hb emfiailia em hb| j{imaublijam| hjkbhm| em hb vieb |j$libh! Ma mh sj|udjem{ai|dj hj| sb{uiej| lja|uiu}yma }ab

maumhmr}ib em iaum{m|m| sb{uil}hb{m|! \ja idsj|ikhm| ljdjdmlbai|dj| em `mam{bhizblia j }aivm{|bhizblia em }a|mauiej gi|u{ilj ujubhizbaum( j em |mauiej| `mam{bhm| ab$lijabhm|( ujeb vmz r}m |uj| |ja iamwi|umaum|! Hj| sb{uiej||ja |idshmdmaum }a {}sj d|( mau{m hj| iafiaiuj| bluj{m|r}m jsm{ba ma hb |jlimebe!

Hb sjhuilb maf{maub( maujalm|( }a em|bfj em `{ba ma$vm{`be}{b! M|u viubhdmaum l}m|uijabeb ma }ab em hb| di$|ijam| f}aebdmaubhm| r}m gb l}dshiej ma mh d}aej dj$em{aj? mau{m`b{ lm{umzb| em ljae}lub| jkomuivb| sb{b hbvieb iaeivie}bh y |jlibh! \i hb |jlibkihiebe mdm{`maum m|gmum{jàmb y vjhuih( lb{blum{izaej|m sj{ hb ialm{ui$e}dk{m y hb bujdizblia em hb| baui`}b| m|u{}lu}{b|( |}|

m|sblij| u{beilijabhm| aj|hj |ja dmaj{m| |iaj( bem$d|( l}bhiubuivbdmaum ei|$uiauj|! M|uj aj |iàifilb r}m(|ia mdkb{`j( aj gbyba |}{$ìej j |m m|ua `mam{baejm|sblij| a}mvj| r}m mwi`maem }ab mhbkj{blia ljhmlui$vb em hb vieb skhilb y em hblja|uiu}lia em aj{db| r}m


2;

]aj em hj|s{jkhmdb||}|ubauivj| r}m |mmal}mau{b( u{b| hb|}s}m|ubemlbemalib em hbsjhuilb y hj|sb{uiej| sjhuilj|(m| mh emum{ij{j em hbiemb em f}u}{j!

\m gbaem|u{}iej hj|

dbsb| ljàiuivj|r}m by}ebkba b

fiob{ hb|ljj{emabeb| y

|mhmllijab{ hb| {}ub|sj|ikhm|!


13/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

2 d| kima s{je}om${ja |bhej| am`buivj| ma u{diaj| em sjk{mzb y mr}iebe! Sj{

ju{j hbej( hb| {mfj{db| emdjl{uilb| bvbazb{ja ma l}baub {m`dmam| sjhuilj|( sm{j aj ma u{diaj| em dbyj{ sblisblia li}ebebab! Ma vb{ij| lb|j| |m gb viviej l{i|i| sjh$uilj$ia|uiu}lijabhm| r}m hidiuba j sjama ma e}eb hb di|dmvjh}lia emdjl{uilb!

L}baej |m dbau}vj }ab lim{ub ljgm{malib mau{mljdsj{ubdimauj em hj| bluj{m| |jlijsjhuilj| 'y hb| ljaei$lijam| mljadilb| hj sm{diuim{ja)( |m bshilb{ja hb| {mdb| em dbam{b d| j dmaj| gmum{jejwb y hb| eivm{|b| l|i| |m s}eim{ja maf{maub{ em dmoj{ djej! Ma m|j| lb|j|({m|}hubej| ma u{diaj| em em|b{{jhhj y emdjl{blib f}mem dbyj{ lbhiebe! Hb mwsm{imalib sb{bei`duilb sb{|m{ Lgihm( dimau{b| r}m ma hj| lb|j| ma r}m hb| dbu{illijsjhuilb| m{ba ialjgm{maum| m iam|ubkhm|( hj| {mljadilj| ia|}filimaum| y hb| {mfj{db| m|u{}lu}{bhmbshilb{ja em fj{db d| j dmaj| j{ujejwb( hj| {m|}hubej|ma u{diaj| em emdjl{blib y em|b{{jhhj f}m{ja s{mlb{g}kj l{i|i| ia|uiu}lijabhm| y |jlibhm| d}y {bvm|! M|ub m|iu}blia em hb dbyj{b em hj| sb|m| em hb {mìa y mljaeilijabej hj| {iudj| em hb emdjl{blib y mh em|b{{jhhj mh f}u}{j!

Sj{ hj ubauj( hb s{m`}aub |jk{m ldj {mmdshbzb

djemhj amjhikm{bh aj s}mem umam{ {m|s}m|ub| amb|> mhhb| emkm{ba b|jlib{|m lja hj| s{jlm|j| sjhui|jlijmljadilj| m|smlfilj| em lbeb sb|!

Hb| lja|ml}malib| em hj| eivm{|j| lbdkij| |m vimama ms{m|baej ubauj b u{bv| em jslijam| mhmluj{bhm| ljdjl{i|i| m iam|ubkihiebe sjhuilb( hb| r}m idshilba a}mvj|khmdb| y em|bfj| sb{b hb emdjl{blib! Ubdkia |m mwsma emdbaeb| em lbdkij| ma hb| j{imaublijam| em hb| sjhlb| ablijabhm| y {mìjabhm|! Lb|i aia`}ab f}m{zb shbagjy eb r}m |m emkm gblm{ d| em hj di|dj sb{b dmoj{bf}u}{j!

F}aebdmaubeb| ma m|um bkbailj em s{jkhmdb|( hb| jub| sjhuilj$mhmluj{bhm| bsb{mlma sj{ hj mam{bh biemjhjìzbeb| ma mh ei|l}{|j( sm{j s{b`duilb| ma hj| o}`j| em sjem{! Sb{b s{m`}aub{|m |jk{m mh lb{lum{ ej{imaublijam| sb{mlm iaum{m|baum bvbazb{ bh`}abgisum|i| r}m( mau{m ju{b|( |m m|u em|b{{jhhbaej ljum{s{mublia em hj| sj|ikhm| djemhj| ma bllia r}m bludmaum |m sjama ma s{luilb!

]ab em hb| uisjhj`b|( }|beb sj{ bh`}aj| babhi|ub| y sb{uil}hb{dmaum sj{ eivm{|j| dmeij| em ljd}ailblia( m| r}m s{jsjam lja|iem{b{ ej| j{imaublijam| `mam{bhm o}m`j? }ab emdjl{uilb hikm{bh y ju{b ablijabhi|ub!

Hb sjhuilb maf{maub }a em|bfj em `{ba mavm{`be}{b! M|u viubhdmauml}m|uijabeb ma }ab em hb| di|ijam| f}aebdmaubhm| r}m gb l}dshiej mamh d}aej djem{aj? mau{m`b{ lm{umzb| em ljae}lub| jkomuivb| sb{b hbvieb iaeivie}bh y |jlibh!

L}baej |m dbau}vj}ab lim{ub ljgm{malibmau{m mh ljdsj{ubdimaujem hj| bluj{m||jlijsjhuilj| 'y hb|ljaeilijam| mljadilb|hj sm{diuim{ja)( |mbshilb{ja hb| {mfj{db| emdbam{b d| j dmaj|gmum{jejwb y hb| eivm{|b|l{i|i| |m s}eim{jamaf{maub{ em dmoj{djej!


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B|( }aj em m|uj| babhi|ub| |mbhb r}m?

\m gba ma|bybej ei|uiauj| bsmhbuivj| sb{b ei|uia`}i{ hj|s{jymluj| sjhuilj| r}m m|j| @jkim{aj| malb{aba! Sj{{bzjam| s{luilb| y |ia aia`}ab s{muma|ia( hhbdb{mdj|b }aj em hj| lbdsj|( emdjl{uilj hikm{bh y em mljajdbbkim{ub> y bh ju{j( ablijabhi|ub( lb}eihhi|ub( s{jumllij$ai|ub! Em|em h}m`j( hj| hdium| aj |ja s{mli|j|!

2! Mh lbdsj emdjl{uilj hikm{bh |m ei|uia`}i{b( sj{ hjdmaj| ljdj b|si{blia s{j`{bduilb( ma mh shbaj sj$huilj( sj{ |j|umam{ }a {ìdma ljdsmuiuivj kb|bej ma}a |i|umdb sh}{bh em sb{uiej| y hb bhum{abkihiebe sjh$uilb! Ma mh ia|uiu}lijabh( sj{ hb mwi|umalib em sjem{m|iaemsmaeimaum|( hb vi`malib emh M|ubej em em{mlgj( hb|}omlia b hb hmy( mh {m|smuj b hb| diaj{b|! Ma mh aivmhmljadilj( ma m|uj| M|ubej| idsm{b hb mljajdb emdm{lbej( mh iaum{| sj{ hb iavm{|ia mwu{baom{b y hbj{imaublia mwsj{ubej{b r}m {mr}im{m bllm|j b hj|dm{lbej| iaum{ablijabhm|! Ma `mam{bh( hb f}alia emhM|ubej ma hb mljajdb m| {m`}hbej{b( dimau{b| r}m hbiavm{|ia s{ivbeb uimam hiem{buj ma hj| |mluj{m| s{j$

e}luivj| y em |m{vilij|! Gby mds{m|b m|ububh ma hj| |ml$uj{m| m|u{buìlj| y ma |m{vilij| skhilj|! Ma m|b db$u{iz( lja vb{ibaum|( lja afb|i| eifm{maum|( |m sje{bljhjlb{ b Lgihm( mh Sm{( Ljhjdkib( mh K{b|ih( Dwilj(]{}`}by y mh Sb{b`}by> Ljhjdkib m| bhibeb em hj| M|ub$ej| ]aiej| y hj| ju{j| `jkim{aj| uimama }ab {mhblias{b`duilb lja hb |}sm{sjumalib!

;! Ma mh lbdsj ablijabhi|ub( lb}eihhi|ub( s{jumllijai|ub(s{mejdiab{b mh hiem{bz`j sm{|jabh( r}m m|ubkhmlm }ab{mhblia ei{mlub lja hj| djvidimauj| |jlibhm|( lja mhdmaj{ adm{j sj|ikhm em {m|u{illijam| ia|uiu}lijabhm|!S{mfim{m mh |i|umdb em sb{uiej gm`mdailj y hb {mmhml$lia s{m|iemalibh baum| r}m hb bhum{abalib ma mh sjem{!Shbaumb }ab jslia lj{ubaum mau{m vimob y a}mvb sjhui$lb( mau{m bdi`j| y mamdi`j|( emau{j y f}m{b! Ma mh um{{m$aj mljadilj( m| lhb{j mh ejdiaij emh M|ubej ma hb mlj$ajdb( lja hb| mds{m|b| skhilb| ma mh lmau{j emh s{j$lm|j s{je}luivj! \m s{jum`m mh dm{lbej iaum{aj y |mk}|lb mh em|b{{jhhj gblib emau{j ljdj }ab ljaeilia emhb s{jymllia mwum{ab!

M|ub uisjhj`b bsb{mlm( |ia mdkb{`j( emdb|ibej m|r}m$duilb y |idshifilbej{b em hb {mbhiebe! \ja d}lgj| hj|

mhmdmauj|( fbluj{m| y dbuilm| r}m |m emkm lja|iem{b{ sb${b umam{ hb lbsbliebe babhuilb em ljds{maem{ hj r}m m|u|}lmeimaej!

Sb{mlm r}m {m|}hub d| uih( ma }ab {mfhmwia iailibh |j$k{m }ab sj|ikhm uisjhj`b 'l}yb f}alia m| dm{bdmaumbabhuilb) em bh`}ab| em hb| j{imaublijam| r}m m|ua s{m$|maum| ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab( ljdkiab{ hb| eidma|ijam| sjhui$lb|( ia|uiu}lijabhm| y |jlibhm| sb{b sjem{ ei|uia`}i{ hb| |i$`}imaum| bhum{abuivb|?

2! ]ab djem{aizblia lja|m{vbej{b b|maubeb ma }abf}m{zb sjhuilb em lmau{j em{mlgb r}m b{uil}hb }ab bd$shib bhibazb |jk{m hb kb|m em }ab ljdkiablia em iaum${m|m| mljadilj| y vbhj{m| u{beilijabhm|! M|ubej| ]ai$ej| db{lb }ab sb}ub ma f}alia em |} h}lgb ljau{b mhum{{j{i|dj y hb hìlb em hb `}m{{b s{mvmauivb! Ma msm{|smluivb( mwi|uma ljialiemalib| mau{m vb{ij| `jkim{$aj| em hb {mìa( ljdj Ljhjdkib y sb{um em hj| sb|m|lmau{jbdm{ilbaj|( y ma mhhj| |m b{uil}hba s{js}m|ub|lmau{beb| ma mh dm{lbej b|jlibeb| lja vbhj{m| u{beilij$abhm|( sb{uil}hb{dmaum {mhiìj|j|( o}auj lja hb lja|$u{}llia em emdjl{blib| hikm{bhm| |hieb|!

;! ]a {mfj{di|dj s{b`duilj( ejaem f}m{zb| em lmau{j iz$r}im{eb k}|lba b{uil}hb{ l{mlidimauj mljadilj lja`hjkbhizblia( ialj{sj{baej sjhuilb| em ialh}|ia |j$libh! Lgihm( mh K{b|ih( hb B{`mauiab( mh ]{}`}by( Lj|ub [lb( Sbabd y [mskhilb Ejdiailbab m|ub{ba mdkb{lb$ej| ma s{jymluj| em m|um uisj( lja hìlb| hbilb| m i`}b$hiub{i|ub|( sm{j lja {mbhi|dj em dm{lbej

]a iaei`mai|dj amjem|b{{jhhi|ub m|ub{b ma lim{am| ma}ab lim{ub jfm{ub j ma }ab vb{iblia em hb| ej| baum{ij${m|( em lb{lum{ iaei`mai|ub$amjem|b{{jhhi|ub y r}m iaum$`{b ma |} |maj ubauj j{imaublijam| ablijabh sjs}hb{m|ljdj {mfj{di|ub|! K}|lb{b ljalihib{ }a a}mvj sbluj ljahb| mds{m|b| u{ba|ablijabhm| sb{b s{jdjvm{ mh em|b{{j$hhj iaum{aj! Mh lb|j kjhivibaj |m{b sb{bei`duilj( sm{jm|ub| umaemalib| aj |ja bomab| b sb|m| ljdj mh Ml}bej{!B|(

Sb{b r}m hb| u{ba|fj{dblijam| |jlibhm| |mba fml}aeb| {mr}im{ma ubauj}a j{ema ia|uiu}lijabh hmùidj ljdj m|u{bumìb| iaajvbej{b| emem|b{{jhhj mljadilj r}m ljds{maeba mh ial{mdmauj ma hj| aivmhm| emmdshmj( |bhb{ij| y {ms{je}llia |jlibh ma `mam{bh!


15/74

^!!!T m|ub{b mdm{ìmaej }ab |}m{um em amj$em|b{{jhhi|$dj r}m k}|lb{b b hb vmz {memfiai{ }a sbluj lja hb| md$s{m|b| u{ba|ablijabhm| y hj`{b{ em|b{{jhhj |jlijmlja$dilj iaum{aj( emvjhviaejhm bh M|ubej }a sbsmh s{jub$`jai|ub ma hb sjhuilb y ma mh em|b{{jhhj! M|um amj$em|b${{jhhi|dj |m |}|umaub{b ma }a idbìab{ij iae`mab ydm|uizj em hj sjs}hb{ y k}|lb{b {memfiai{ hj| sbu{jam|em ialh}|ia y djvihiebe |jlibh! 'Lbhem{a( ;336!)

III! M|lmab{ij| s{j|smluivj| k|ilj|sb{b hj| sb|m| hbuiajbdm{ilbaj|Hb| sm{|smluivb| em hb mljajdb d}aeibh sb{b hj| s{wi$

dj| ej| bj| |ja fbvj{bkhm|( b}ar}m |m s{mv }a aivmh eml{mlidimauj hi`m{bdmaum dmaj{! Sb{b Bd{ilb Hbuiab masb{uil}hb{ |m eij }ab ub|b eml{mlidimauj sj|iuivb( embs{jwidbebdmaum = sj{limauj ma ;336( lja }ab hmvmem|blmhm{blia ma ;330! M|ubem|blmhm{blia |m mwshilbsj{ mh dmaj{ {iudj em blui$

viebe mljadilb d}aeibh ysj{ hj| s{mlij| emh smu{hmj!Hb djem{blia emh l{mli$dimauj m|ub{ bljdsbbebsj{ }ab ljavm{`malib {mìj$abh ma uj{aj b hb ub|b em l{mlidimauj s{jdmeij em Bd{ilbHbuiab y mh Lb{ikm! Ma m|um |mauiej( m| sj|ikhm lhb|ifilb{ b hj|sb|m| ma ej| {}sj|?$ sb|m| lja ub|b| em l{mlidimauj mwlmslijabhdmaum bhub|

'hb B{`mauiab y mh ]{}`}by) r}m l{mlm{a b }a {iudj d|lm{lbaj b hb dmeib>

$ sb|m| lja l{mlidimauj iafm{ij{ bh s{jdmeij 'Kjhivib)(l}yj l{mlidimauj |m blmhm{b{!

Hb| s{jymllijam| em hb mljajdb |ja {mhbuivbdmaumsj|iuivb| sb{b hb {mìa ma mh dmeibaj shbzj! Hb bluiviebeem hb mljajdb em hb {mìa |m{ ids}h|beb( ma {ba sb{$um( sj{ hb emdbaeb mwum{ab! \ia mdkb{`j( kboj hb ajliaem r}m m| amlm|b{ij r}m }ab mljajdb |mb lbsbz em |bui|$fblm{ hb| amlm|iebem| em ujeb |} sjkhblia( aj m|u lhb{jr}m |m u{bum em }a l{mlidimauj lja lbhiebe sb{b ialiei{sj|iuivbdmaum ma dbyj{ mr}iebe |jlibh> em }a l{mlidima$uj r}m s}meb b{uil}hb{|m beml}bebdmaum lja hb sjhuilb y

hb| ia|uiu}lijam|! Lbkm s{m`}aub{|m( maujalm|( bfmlub{ m|um l{mlidimauj b hb eiadilb |jlij$ia|uiu}abh: Ldj s{jdjvm{a hb| j{imaublijam| emh l{mdimauj mljadilj eiadilb| em mr}iebe |jlibh: L}h|m{ mh {jh emh M|ubej ablijabh:

Hb dbàiu}e y hb ljdshmoiebe em hb l}m|uia |jlibhk{m ujej ma u{diaj| em mr}iebe y sjk{mzb( hhmvb b ljr}m d}y eiflihdmaum gbk{ ia|uiu}lijam| y gj{izjaumhiej| y em `jkm{abkihiebe emdjl{uilb |j|umaikhm |i ajmdsimzba b {m|jhvm{ em fj{db s{j`{m|ivb y ma mubauj {mbh ljdj |idkhilj hj| kboj| aivmhm| em mr}iehj| bhuj| aivmhm| em sjk{mzb r}m vivm hb {mìa!

Bh di|dj uimdsj( sb{b r}m hb| u{ba|fj{dblijam| |j$libhm| |mba fml}aeb|( {mr}im{ma ubauj }a j{ema ialijabh hmùidj ljdj m|u{bumìb| iaajvbej{b| em emb{{jhhj mljadilj r}m ljds{maeba mh ial{mdmauj maaivmhm| em mdshmj y |bhb{ij| y ma hb {ms{je}lliama mam{bh!

Hb| u{ba|fj{dblijam| |jlibhm| bsb{mlma b| ljdj lja$eilia amlm|b{ib sb{b hj`{b{ ubauj hb hmìuidiebe emuj shbzj( ljdj hb em hb{`j bhlbalm em hb| ia|uiu}lijasjhuilb|!

Mau{m hb mr}iebe y hb ia|uiu}lijabhiebe m|ua ia|uemdbaeb| li}ebebab|( maumaeieb| ljdj }ab mwsba|iaem mwsmlubuivb|( r}m {mlhbdba ubauj }a j{ema ia|uabh hmùidj ljdj dbyj{ o}|uilib |jlibh!

Ma mh fjaej( hj| lbdkij| ma hb em|i`}bhebe y hb sjk{mb| ljdj hb| sjhuilb| |jlibhm| y mljadilb|( |m b|jliba ei${mlubdmaum lja {mhblijam| em|i`}bhm| em sjem{! ]a l|jlij$ia|uiu}lijabh ma f}alia em hb jkm{abkihiebe emdl{uilb |}sjam lbdkij| ma hb| {mhblijam| em sjem{! M| li|bdmaum ma m|um db{lj ejaem ljk{ba |mauiej hb| sjhlb| skhilb|> mhhb| ubdsjlj |ja am}u{bhm|( b}ar}m {mr{ma }a bhuj ljdsjamaum ulailj!

Hb| eivm{|b| f}m{zb| sjhuilb| m|ua shbaumbaej eivdjej| em iaum`{blia em hb| emdbaeb| |jlibhm| y em hb s|ia sjs}hb{! Ma m|um ljaumwuj m| sj|ikhm vi|}bhizb{ sj| em m|lmab{ij|?$ Ma }a s{idm{ m|lmab{ij |m hj`{b{b }a l{l}hj vi{

mau{m {mfj{db| |jlibhm| y u{ba|fj{dblijam| ia|uiu}labhm| lja }ab bhub lbsbliebe em bauilisblia y em `muia emh ljafhiluj! Mh {m|}hubej |m{b }ab jkm{abs{j`{m|ivb y |j|umaikhm!

$ Ma }a |m`}aej m|lmab{ij( em lb{lum{ iam{libh( s{b }a eivj{lij mau{m hj |jlibh y hj ia|uiu}lijabh? |m {


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

2=

Hj| lbdkij| ma hbem|i`}bhebe y hbsjk{mzb( b| ljdjhb| sjhuilb| |jlibhm|y mljadilb|(|m b|jlibaei{mlubdmaum lja{mhblijam|em|i`}bhm| em sjem{!


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26

zb{ba {mfj{db| sjhuilb| y |jlibhm| daidb| iaei|sma$|bkhm| sb{b dbaumam{ }ab jkm{abkihiebe |i|udilb! Hb|lbsbliebem| em bauilisblia y m|uia em ljafhiluj| |m${ba i{{m`}hb{m|!

$ Ma }a um{lm{ m|lmab{ij |m mam{b{ba mwshj|ijam| |j$libhm|( f{b`dmaublia em ljafhiluj| y r}imk{m| ia|ui$u}lijabhm| r}m s}mema hhm`b{ ialh}|j b |iu}blijam| emlbj| |jlibh y {m`{m|ijam| emdjl{uilb|! Hb lbsbliebeem `m|uia emh ljafhiluj y em bauilisblia |m{b d}ykbob!

Ma hb {mbhiebe( hj| m|lmab{ij| s{jkbkhm| m|ua ljaei$lijabej| sj{ hb| lbsbliebem| sjhuilb| em hj| bluj{m| ab$lijabhm| sb{b b{uil}hb{ hj| lbdkij| iaum{aj| y b |uj| lja|} sb{uilisblia ma mh lbdkij iaum{ablijabh! S{jkbkhm$dmaum |m |iu}b{a mau{m hj|u{m| sb{dmu{j| dmalijab$ej|( ljdkiabaej em eifm${maum| dbam{b| ia|uiu}lij$abhiebe( mr}iebe( sjk{mzb ylbsbliebe em iaajvbliasj{ sb{um em hj| bluj{m| emh

|i|umdb sjhuilj! Sj|ikhm$dmaum lja ei|uiauj| sm|j|ma lbeb ljdsjamaum y lja u{bymluj{ib| sjhuilb| eivm{$|b|! Bh`}aj| s{ivihmìb{a bvbalm| ma ia|uiu}lijabhiebe yk}|lb{a ei|dia}i{ hb sjk{mzb( dimau{b| r}m ju{j| k}|$lb{a mr}iebe lja m|lb|j| bvbalm| ia|uiu}lijabhm|! R}i$z| ju{j| k}|r}ma ljdkiablijam| |}i àm{i|! Ma fia( |ms{m|maub{a eivm{|b| ljdkiablijam| ljdj {m|}hubej emhb| bllijam| y hb| j{imaublijam| sjhuilb| s{mvbhmlimaum|ma hb {mìa!

Hj| m|lmab{ij| aj |ja bk|u{bluj|( |m eba b sb{ui{ em js$lijam| sjhuilb| sb{uil}hb{m|! Sb{b mhhj {m|}hub uih hb uisjhj$`b s{mhidiab{ em j{imaublijam| sjhuilb| |mbhbeb baum${ij{dmaum> ma mhhb |m uimam ma l}maub( lbkbhdmaum( eivm{|b|ljdkiablijam| mau{m hj |jlibh y hj sjhuilj ia|uiu}lijabh! Mha}mvj dbsb sjhuilj {mìjabh ljaumdshb{b( maujalm|(j{imaublijam| em djem{aizblia lja|m{vbej{b( {mfj{di|$dj s{b`duilj( {mfj{di|dj ablijabh sjs}hb{ y amjem|b${{jhhi|dj iaei`mai|ub!

Hb l}m|uia m| em r} fj{db m|ub| j{imaublijam| shba$umba {m|jhvm{ hb| |i`}imaum| l}m|uijam|? \m emkm {mei|$u{ik}i{ hb {ir}mzb: Ldj: Ma r} fj{db |m jsm{b maljaeilijam| em djvihizblia |jlibh l{mlimaum( sb{uil}hb{$

dmaum ma hj| lb|j| em sb|m| lja idsj{ubaum| {ml}{|j|abu}{bhm|: Ldj |m hj`{b }a ljau{jh sjhuilj emdjl{$uilj emh ljao}auj emh bsb{buj em M|ubej: Ma |}db( ldj|m ljdkiab l{mlidimauj( u{ba|fj{dblia ia|uiu}lijabh yei|u{ik}lia:

Hj| m|lmab{ij| |m em|b{{jhhba ma }a dkiuj em lbdkijy {im|`j lja|ubaum|! Hb fj{db ma r}m hj| {im|`j| |mbau{ba|fj{dbej| ma jsj{u}aiebem| y ldj |m s}meb vivi{ hbdi|db ialm{uie}dk{m iagm{maum bh lbdkij djem{ajiafh}i{ |m`}{bdmaum ma hb ljafj{dblia em u{bymluj{ib|sjhuilb| r}m s}meb b|}di{ hb |jlimebe ma l}m|uia! Hb|kb|m| ia|uiu}lijabhm| s{mvib| y hj| bvbalm| {mì|u{bej|( mau{diaj| em mr}iebe y em h}lgb ljau{b hb sjk{mzb( lja|$uiu}yma ju{j| idsj{ubaum| baumlmemaum| em hb| u{bymluj${ib| sjhuilb|!

Ma mh di|dj |mauiej( hb f}m{zb y hb lbhiebe em hb sb{ui$lisblia li}ebebab o}`b{a }a {jh lmau{bh ma hb lbhiebeemh lbdkij! Ejaem |m sjumalim b li}ebebaj| lbsblm| emlja|u{}i{ y jsub{ sj{ bhum{abuivb| b|}dimaej {im|`j|( hb|s{jkbkihiebem| em }ab mvjh}lia vi{u}j|b |m{a dbyj{m|!M| sb{um lja|uiu}uivb em m|m em|b{{jhhj li}ebebaj hb mhb$kj{blia em }ab ajlia ljdsb{uieb em sm{umamalib r}m

gb`b em hb ljgm|ia |jlibh }a umoiej ema|j |jlibh y |}kom$uivbdmaum! \jk{m m|ub ljgm|ia m| sj|ikhm b{uil}hb{ lja$|ma|j| y bl}m{ej|( b| ljdj {m|jhvm{ hj| ljafhiluj|! Ma |}$db( hb lbhiebe em hb dbu{iz sjhuilb hj`{beb lja|uiu}i{ }afbluj{ emli|ivj!

IV! Gisum|i| {mìjabhm|

2!Hj| s{jkhmdb| em em|i`}bhebe y sjk{mzb |m }kilba mamh lmau{j em hb| umaemalib| jkomuivb| y lja|uiu}yma }aj emhj| fbluj{m| lja dbyj{ ialiemalib ma hb jkm{abkihiebe em$djl{uilb em hj| sb|m| m|u}eibej|!

Hb| sjhuilb| em {mfj{db m|u{}lu}{bh r}m mwsm{idmaub${ja hj| sb|m| em hb {mìa gba `mam{bej }a ljao}auj emu{ba|fj{dblijam| |jlijmljadilb| r}m gba djeifilbej hbljafj{dblia em hb| eifm{maum| |jlimebem| ablijabhm|!

]aj em hj| lbdkij| d| |iàifilbuivj| gb |iej hb l{m$limaum ljdshmoizblia em hj| s{jlm|j| em eifm{maliblia|jlibh r}m gba bfmlubej hb lbhiebe em hb| fj{db| em {ms{j$e}llia |jlibh!

Hj| s{jlm|j| em eifm{maliblia |jlibh |m gba mws{m|bejdmeibaum }a ial{mdmauj em hb| k{mlgb| mau{m hj| sb|m| maem|b{{jhhj y hj| sb|m| iae}|u{ibhizbej|( y Bd{ilb Hbuiab |i$

Hb f}m{zb y hblbhiebe em hbsb{uilisbliali}ebebab o}`b{a}a {jh lmau{bh ma hblbhiebe emh lbdkij!


17/74

`}m |imaej }ab em hb| {mìjam| d| em|i`}bhm| emh d}aej!Mau{m hj| s{jsij| sb|m| em hb {mìa |m m|ua ial{mdmauba$ej hb| em|i`}bhebem| y eifm{malib|! \} s{ialisbh {b|`j {bei$lb ma r}m hb dbyj{b em hb| k{mlgb| emau{j em hj| sb|m|gba sm{|i|uiej j gba b}dmaubej! Ma k}mab sb{um em hj|sb|m| l{mli hb sb{uilisblia emh ;3 sj{ limauj d| {ilj emhb sjkhblia ma hj| ia`{m|j| em hb| sm{|jab|( dimau{b| r}mhb emh ;3 sj{ limauj d| sjk{m |m dbau}vj lja|ubaum jei|dia}y! Ubdkia |m bevim{uma s{jf}aeb| ei|sb{iebem|em àm{j( um{{iuj{ibhm|( |jlijmljadilb| y uailb| ma ei$vm{|j| iaeilbej{m| |jlibhm|!;! Hb| sm{lmslijam| y vbhj{blijam| |jk{m hb em|i`}bhebey hb sjk{mzb lja|uiu}yma }a {b|`j k|ilj r}m mwshilba hb|ei|sj|ilijam| y emdbaeb| em lbdkij |jlibh!

Mwi|um }a lja|ma|j `mam{bhizbej ubauj mau{m eivm{|b|mhium| m|u}eibeb|( ialh}ieb hb dmwilbab( ljdj ma hb jsiaiaskhilb lja {m|smluj b r}m hb sjk{mzb y hb em|i`}bhebebfmluba mh f}alijabdimauj em hb emdjl{blib ma Bd{ilbHbuiab! Sj{ momdshj( em bl}m{ej lja mhIafj{dm Hbuiajkb${dmu{j ;33= ( ma }ab lbhifilblia |mà }ab m|lbhb em 2'sb{b hj| d| sjk{m|) b 23 'sb{b hj| d| {ilj|)( hj| hbuiajb$dm{ilbaj| |m b}ujlbhifilba lja


18/74


27

lbdkij| |jlibhm| b|jlibej| lja lbdkij| ia|uiu}lijabhm|r}m fj{ubhmzlba hb hmìuidiebe emdjl{uilb( m| emli{( hblbhiebe em hb emdjl{blib! Hb l}m|uia m| r} bluj{m| jr} ljbhilia em bluj{m| sj|mm hb vjlblia y hb| sj|ikihi$ebem| em {mbhizb{ m|uj| lbdkij| y ldj |m s{mumaem hhm$vb{ b lbkj hb b`maeb s{js}m|ub! Ma mh lj{bza em m|umem|bfj |m baieb hb lbsbliebe em iaajvblia em hj| bluj${m| f{maum b hj| bvbub{m| emh lbdkij hjkbh! M|um m| }a um$db l{}libh ma mh lj{uj shbzj sb{b mh ljao}auj em hj| sb$|m| hbuiajbdm{ilbaj|!

B hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| hm| lj{{m|sjaem }a {jh f}aeb$dmaubh ma hb s{jdjlia em dmoj{m| m|lmab{ij|! Sb{b mhhjemkma umam{ hb s{mjl}sblia sj{ emum{diab{ hj| lbdiaj|r}m sje{ba ljae}li{ b m|b| dmoj{m| ljaeilijam| em|em hb{mbhiebe blu}bh! Sb{b lbhifilb{ hb lbhiebe em }a m|lmab{ij m|amlm|b{ij r}m uma`ba ma l}maub }ab |m{im em mhmdmauj|r}m emkma |m{ ljdkiabej|?$ eibà|uilj beml}bej sj{ sb{um em hj| bluj{m| em hb|

emdbaeb| em hb |jlimebe y em hb| ljaeilijam| sb{b |b$ui|fblm{hb|>

$ }a gj{izjaum aj{dbuivj y }ab lbob em gm{{bdimaub| sb${b blu}b{>

$ jkomuivj| s{j`{bduilj| bljubej| ma mh uimdsj 'dmub|`mam{bhm|( |mluj{ibhm| m ia|u{}dmauj|)>$ lbsbliebem| sjhuilb| |}filimaum| sb{b bhlbazb{ hj| jk$

omuivj|! |ub| |}sjama lbsbliebe em bauilisblia( lbsb$liebe em }|j emh sjem{ lja r}m |m l}maub em dbam{b |m$hmluivb y lbhifilbeb( lja mh fia em hj`{b{ hb dwidb mfilb$lib ma |} em|shim`}m! Sj{ hj `mam{bh mhhj idshilb sjlb|dmub| em bhub |iàifilblia m idsbluj>

$ em|b{{jhhj em }ab ab{{blia j {mhbuj r}m l{mm }ab hi`b$za idbìab{ib em hj| jkomuivj| lja mh s{js|iuj eml{mb{ }ab djvihizblia |jlibh `mam{bh j sb{uil}hb{ masj| em hj| jkomuivj|!

Ma hb| ljaeilijam| blu}bhm| em em|b{{jhhj em hb |jlimebe`hjkbh( m| iaei|sma|bkhm ia|i|ui{ r}m hb| lbsbliebem| sjhui$lb| em hj| bluj{m| |m mws{m|ba ma lbsbliebem| sb{b b{uil}$hb{ hj| lbdkij| iaum{aj| lja hb sb{uilisblia bluivb ma hj|lbdkij| iaum{ablijabhm|

]a fbluj{ f}aebdmaubh ma mh em|b{{jhhj em hb| lbsblieb$em| sjhuilb| em hj| bluj{m| sb{b lja|u{}i{ jslijam| em j$km{abkihiebe |ja hb| lbsbliebem| em iaajvblia ubauj ma mhshbaj ia|u{}dmaubh ljdj ma mh |}|ubauivj! [m|}hub d}yidsj{ubaum s{jdjvm{ mh em|b{{jhhj em }ab |}m{um emmugj|

l}hu}{bh r}m fbvj{mzlb hb iaajvblia y mh ljajlidimaujsm{uiamaum em hj| umdb| emh lbdkij dmalijabej|! Sb{mlm|m{ f}aebdmaubh fj{ubhmlm{ hb lbsbliebe em bauilisblia y`m|uia emh lbdkij! Ma m|um |mauiej( {m|}hub l{}libh shba$umb{ bh {m|smluj hb {m|sja|bkihiebe emh M|ubej sb{b s{jdj$vm{ sjhuilb| skhilb| em iaajvblia!

]aj em hj| s{jkhmdb| em hb sjlb blu}bh lja|i|um( s{mli$|bdmaum( ma r}m hb ialm{uie}dk{m aj |m b`jub ma mh s{m$|maum( |iaj r}m ljauimam }a ljdsjamaum em f}u}{j! Hb| j|$lihblijam| em hb jsiaia skhilb em hj| ei|uiauj| sb|m| |j$k{m mh f}u}{j b| hj iaeilba! Ma m|um |mauiej( hj| s{jkhmdb|em mr}iebe m ia|uiu}lijabhiebe dmalijabej| aj |hj lja|$uiu}yma s{jkhmdb| emh s{m|maum( |iaj r}m ubdkia m|uas{m|maum| ljdj s{mvi|ijam| |jk{m mh dbbab!

Ljdj |m gb vi|uj ma hj| m|lmab{ij|( |}{`ma hb iamr}i$ebe( hb sjk{mzb y hb em|ia|uiu}lijabhizblia ljdj }a {im|$`j f}u}{j! Em|em m|ub sm{|smluivb( mh em|b{{jhhj em lbsb$liebem| aj |hj |m {mfim{m b hb `m|uia j b hj| ljalmsuj|(|iaj b hj| lei`j| r}m sm{diuma b|}di{ {im|`j| y abvm`b{ma hb ialm{uie}dk{m!

\i kima hj ablijabh sb{mlm {mljk{b{ idsj{ubalib ma hj|m|lmab{ij| iaum{ablijabhm|( {m|}hub f}aebdmaubh m|u}eib{

d| hb mvjh}lia em |uj|( y d}y sb{uil}hb{dmaum em hj|m|lmab{ij| {mìjabhm|( sb{b sjem{ b}dmaub{ hb lbsbliebeem bauilisblia em hj| fmadmaj| sjhuilj| y mljadilj|iaum{aj|! Ma m|um ljaumwuj( hb ljafj{dblia em m|sblij|skhilj| {mìjabhm| j |}k{mìjabhm| s}mem o}`b{ }a {jhma hb mvjh}lia em hb ljy}au}{b y hj| m|lmab{ij| sjhuilj|ablijabhm|!

Hb `jkm{abkihiebe( hb vi|ia emh d}aej( hb| bhibazb|iaum{ablijabhm|( hb lja|u{}llia em {mem| em bluj{m| yfh}oj| em iafj{dblia r}m |m eba ma m|uj| m|sblij| iafh}$yma lbeb vmz d| ma hj| o}m`j| em sjem{ b m|lbhb ablij$abh! S{mli|bdmaum sj{ m|uj( hb eidma|ia sjhuilb {mìj$abh j |}k{mìjabh |ja idsj{ubaum| ma hb fj{d}hblia emm|u{bumìb| em jkm{abkihiebe ma hj| eifm{maum| sb|m| emhb {mìa!

Hj| lbdkij| `hjkbhm| y hb| eiadilb| ia|uiu}lijabhm|m|ua f{ml}maumdmaum b|jlibej| lja hb |jlibkihiebe y hbvieb ljuieibab em hb| |jlimebem|! Lbkbhdmaum ju{b em$dbaeb ia|ubhbeb sj{ hb |jlimebe( lja idsj{ubaum| mfml$uj| |jk{m hb `jkm{abkihiebe y mh j{ema m|ububh( m|u {mhblijabeb lja mh l{mlidimauj em hb vijhmalib y |} mwsba|iab dhuishm| m|fm{b| em hb vieb |jlibh( mh l{idma j{`baizbejy mh ab{lju{filj! Gjy hb| iaum{bllijam| mau{m m|uj| fbluj$

Mh em|b{{jhhj em lbsbliebem| aj |hj |m {mfim{m b hb `m|uia j b hj|ljalmsuj| |iaj b hj| lei`j| r}m sm{diuma b|}di{ {im|`j| y abvm`b{ma hb ialm{uie}dk{m!


19/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

29

{m| |ja l{mlimaum| y smamu{ba b hb vmz b hb| mljajdb| y hj|dm{lbej| em u{bkboj ablijabh y b hb| ia|uiu}lijam| y hb|bllijam| ljhmluivb|( djeifilbaej hj| sm{fihm| emh ljdsj{$ubdimauj |jlibh!

M|sblij em s{m`}aub| y ljdmaub{ij|

S?L}baej hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| bebsuba |}| shbam| em`jkim{aj b hb {mbhiebe iaum{ablijabh mljadilb `hjkb$hizbeb( aj |}f{m }a emkihiubdimauj mh sb{uiej sjhuiljma f}alia em @jkim{aj: Ma lb|j em |m{ b|( m|uj m| km$amfilij|j j sm{o}eilibh ma mh em|b{{jhhj mljadilj emujej }a sb|:

S?B r} |m emkm hb l{i|i| sjhuilb ablijabh( {mìjabh yd}aeibh( y m|smlfilbdmaum hb l{i|i| sjhuilb ablijabh( m|emli{( hb kjhivibab:

S?Ldj l{mm{ r}m hb| j{imaublijam| em hb| r}m }|ume gb$khbkb( sj{ momdshj ma mh lb|j a}m|u{j( mh |}{ìdimaujemh iaei`mai|dj( |mba ujeb| em bk|jh}ub {m|sja|bkihi$ebe emh Lja|ma|j em Pb|giaùja: Aj jhviemdj| r}m|um |m gb bshilbej iae}ebkhmdmaum ma d}lgj| sb|m|(sm{j ma mh lb|j kjhivibaj hb| sjhuilb| amjhikm{bhm| |hj

hj gilim{ja lja }a eml{muj |}s{mdj( mh ;2363( r}m gb$lm }a {mbo}|um fi|lbh |ia hhm`b{ b bshilb{ }ab sjhuilb hj$kbhizbej{b( ai }a djemhj amjhikm{bh bk|jh}uj!

S?M| ljavmaimaum emdjl{buizb{ hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| ia$um{abdmaum sb{b umam{ }ab {ms{m|maublia sjhuilbmr}iubuivb y ljgm{maum em |uj|( em djej r}m s}mebas{jymlub{|m bh f}u}{j:

S?Aj| gb gbkhbej em hjkbhizblia y aj| gb gbkhbej em sb{$uil}hb{izblia em iemauiebem|! Sb{mlm{b r}m hj| sb{uiej|sjhuilj| ma mh sb| ubdkia m|ua ma m|j( s}m| b mwlmsliaem ej| j u{m| lja s{m|malib ablijabh( gb ljdmazbej b |}{$ì{ hb s{m|malib {mìjabh y hjlbh em sb{uiej| sjhuilj|! L}hm| mh {jh r}m emkmdj| o}`b{ hj| bluj{m| sjhuilj| ma m|ubljy}au}{b ma r}m hj hjlbh y hj {mìjabh ljk{ba d}lgb d|f}m{zb: Ma mh sb| |m gbkhb d}lgj em b}ujajdb emsb{ub$dmaubh( b}ar}m gby sj|ilijam| r}m gbkhba em ju{j uisj emb}ujajdb|( sm{j mh {jh sb{uieb{ij gb |}f{iej }a em|`b|umu{mdmaej y aj gby iaum{hjl}uj{m| vhiej| mau{m M|ubej y|jlimebe livih ma mh dkiuj ablijabh!

S?Ldj |m s}mem {jdsm{ hb hi`bza r}m umamdj| lja hb`hjkbhizblia emau{j em hb eiadilb em hj| sb{uiej| sj$huilj| em a}m|u{j sb|: \mà hb| mwshilblijam| y j{ima$ublijam|( emkmdj| umam{ }ab eiadilb iaum{ab y m|ub{

hi`bej| amlm|b{ibdmaum b m|m `{ba m|r}mdb r}m`hjkbhizblia( hb umhmvi|ia( hb ljds}ublia! Sm{juma lj{{imaum| sjhuilb| ma a}m|u{j sb| r}m simaldj {jdsm{ hb hjkbhizblia!

O}ba Ma{ir}m Vm`b

Bh |m`}aej sb{uilisbaum r}m s{m`}au hm ei`j r}m d |} s{m`}aub m| idsj|ikhm sj{r}m dm siem r}m hm mr}m mh sj{ r} em hb l{i|i| kjhivibab! Aj uma`j hj| ljajldimauj| y uma`j hb |}filimaum s{}emalib sb{b aj dmumb gbkhb{ |jk{m hj r}m aj ljajzlj kima ma mh um{{maj r}m | hj ljajlma kima! Sj{ ubauj( m| }ab s{m`}aub ljal}bh aj dm bu{mvj!

[m|smluj b hb s{idm{b s{m`}aub( l{mj r}m aj dm mr} kima( y lja m|uj r}im{j {m|sjaem{ ubdkia b hb hus{m`}aub! Hb `hjkbhizblia aj m| }ab lja|si{blia( ai `{}sj em maum r}m |m s}|j em bl}m{ej ma r}m hm ikbasjam{ b ju{j| ubhm| lj|b|! Hb hjkbhizblia m| }a fmadm

d}lgj d| r}m mljadilj(r}m hj vivma ujej| a}m|u{j|M|ubej|! L}baej abli mh

djvidimauj baui`hjkbhizb$ej{ |m hhbdbkb b|( djvi$dimauj baui`hjkbhizbej{( ygjy eb |m hhbdb ju{b| `hj$kbhizblijam| sj|ikhm|( memli{ r}m gby vb{ib| hjkbhizblijam| sj|ikhm|( y m|b m|a}m|u{b ei|l}|ia! Hb `hjkb$

hizblia m| }a fmadmaj r}m hhm` sb{b r}meb{|m( yubauj aj|ju{j| umamdj| r}m s{jl}{b{ r}m mau{m`}m jsju}aiebem| y hidium |}| eifil}hubem|!

Gby um{{maj| y aj r}im{j dmum{dm ma hj r}majzlj ma hj| r}m hb hjkbhizblia gb |iàifilbej }a u{mdmaej bvbalm? ma mh um{{maj em em{mlgj| g}dbaj|um{ablijabhizblia em hb o}|uilib( hb l{mblia em u{iiaum{ablijabhm|( mh sjem{ sm{|m`}i{ b emum{diabedmaj| d| bhh em hb| f{jaum{b| |ja }a bvbalm em hb dbaiebe> gjy eb aia`}aj em hj| vimoj| eilubej{m| m|uu{bar}ihj ma aia`}ab sb{um!

B u} s{m`}aub |jk{m |i hj| sb|m| umaba r}m bebsub hb `hjkbhizblia y |i m|j aj m{b }a emum{ij{j sb{b myj aj |mbhj m|j> hj r}m ei`j m| r}m hj| sb|m| s}mema bluivj| y sb{b m|j |m amlm|iub }a M|ubej r}m s{jl}{m

Hj| sb|m| s}mema|m{ bluivj| y sb{bm|j |m amlm|iub }aM|ubej r}m s{jl}{m

hb `hjkbhizbliar}m mhhj| r}im{ma(

hb r}m d| hm|ljavimam!


20/74


;3

`hjkbhizblia r}m mhhj| r}im{ma( hb r}m d| hm| ljavimam!]ab lj|b m| r}m um hjkbhilma( um gb`ba }ab lb{ilbu}{b( yju{b m| r}m u emlieb| k}|lb{ u}| lbdiaj| em ia|m{lia! Ym|j aj |iàifilb r}m |m emum{ij{b{ mh M|ubej> |iàifilbfj{ubhmlm{ mh M|ubej( }a M|ubej r}m sm{diub ljae}li{ bhljao}auj em f}m{zb| em }a sb|! Hb lbhiebe em hb ia|uiu}$lia y hb lbhiebe emh M|ubej |ja }a mhmdmauj f}aebdma$ubh sb{b sjem{ ljdsmui{ ma hb `hjkbhizblia! \i aj uimam|k}mab| iaumalijam| y aj uimam| k}ma M|ubej( aj mau{b|kima ma mh o}m`j!

Bh ljdsbm{j r}m dm gbkhbkb emh Lja|ma|j emPb|giaùja( uimam {bza |jk{m hj r}m yj m|ubkb eilimaej?e}{baum hj| bj| 93 mwi|ub hb iemb em r}m gbkb }a |jhj lb$diaj sb{b gblm{ mljajdb( y hj r}m m| smj{( r}m gbkb |$hj bh`}aj| ia|u{}dmauj| sb${b mhhj! Lgihm( sj{ momdshj( m|}a lb|j ma mh r}m mh djemhj}|bkb kb|ubaum| ia|u{}dma$uj| em ljalm{ublia em hj|`jkim{aj|> |m idsiem hb ma$u{beb y |bhieb em lbsiubhm|( |memlhb{b }ab lim{ub fhjublia

emh ehb{ sm{j lja }a lja$u{jh m|u{iluj emh djvidimaujem lbsiubhm| y lja mh }|j emhb| ub|b| em iaum{| em }abdbam{b d}y eiadilb! Sj{ m|j m| r}m hb l{i|i| em fiam| emhj| 93 | bfmlub b Lgihm( sm{j kb|ubaum dmaj| r}m bh {m|uj emhj| sb|m|( sj{r}m mh M|ubej mom{li bluivbdmaum emum{di$abej| ia|u{}dmauj| mljadilj|!

Ma Kjhivib aj |m bshilb{ja ujeb| hb| dmeieb| emh Lja$|ma|j em Pb|giaùja( sm{j Kjhivib sb{uilis ma ujeb hb ei|$l}|ia! Ei`dj|hj bh {mv|? gb|ub hb l{i|i| b{`mauiab aj g}$kj aiaà sb| ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab r}m |m sb{b{b f{maum b hj|j{`bai|dj| fiabalim{j| iaum{ablijabhm| y hm| eiom{b r}m hb|lj|b| |m s}mema gblm{ em }ab dbam{b d}y ei|uiaub! Hb l{i$|i| b{`mauiab {ms{m|maub mh fiabh emh Lja|ma|j em Pb|gia`$uja! Gjy eb mh umdb em hb em}eb aj jl}sb aiaà h}`b{lmau{bh ma hj| sb|m| em Bd{ilb Hbuiab> uimam }a h}`b{( |(sm{j abeim m|u jk|m|ijabej gjy sj{ m|um umdb!

Yj aj ei`j r}m hb| j{imaublijam| ablma em hb| l{i|i| emhLja|ma|j em Pb|giaùja! Mh Lja|ma|j em Pb|giaùja um$ab }ab iemb em jkim{aj y }ab iemb em ia|u{}dmauj|( sm{jb s{ialisij| emh |i`hj WWI Bd{ilb Hbuiab |m hhmab em jkim{$aj| em izr}im{eb( em em{mlgb( em lmau{j izr}im{eb( em lma$

u{j em{mlgb( ablijabhm| s{j`{m|i|ub|( ablijabhm| aj s{j`{m$|i|ub|( mul! Mh ju{j eb gblbdj| }a l}be{j y a}alb gbkb$dj| vi|uj }ab eivm{|iebe ubh! Bemd|( sb{mlb }ab lb{ilb$u}{b? H}hb aj m| hj di|dj r}m Ubkb{ y Dilgmhhm! B sm|b{ emr}m uma`ba j{imaublijam| hjkbhm|( lbeb }aj uimam }ab lb$sbliebe em bebsublia y em jsm{b{ ma |} s{jsib {mbhiebe yvm{ ldj |m ia|m{ub! R} s{mjl}sblijam| uimama Dilgmhhm(H}hb y Ubkb{? hj| umdb| lmau{bhm| |ja r}m gbyb ialh}|ia|jlibh( {mkbob{ hb| em|i`}bhebem|! Aj m| r}m b hj| jkim{aj|r}m yj hhbdj djem{aizbej{m| y lja|m{vbej{m| aj hm| iaum${m|m( | hm| iaum{m|b( sm{j sj{ ju{b| vb|! R}iz| aj hm| iaum${m|m ubauj mh umdb em hb i`}bhebe( sm{j | hm| iaum{m|b mhdb em hb sjk{mzb! M|b m| hb eifm{malib mau{m mau{mvi|ub{mhium hbuiajbdm{ilbab ma hj| 93( ma r}m ujej mh d}aej gb$khbkb em hb sjk{mzb( y hb mhium hbuiajbdm{ilbab em m|ub elbeb( ma r}m gbkhba em hb em|i`}bhebe! Y m|m m| }a sb|jd}y idsj{ubaum( s}m| em|i`}bhebe y sjk{mzb |ja ej| lj$|b| d}y ei|uiaub|!

Lja {mhblia bh umdb em hb emdjl{buizblia em hj| sb{$uiej|( mh d}aej djem{aj uimam mh iadma|j d{iuj em gb$km{ ids}m|uj| hb iemb em hj skhilj ljau{b hb iemb em hj |m$l{muj! Hj |ml{muj m{b mh `bkiamum emh s{alism( baum mh

ujej| lmeba( ma ubauj r}m hb iemb em hj skhilj m| hb iembem r}m |m s}mem ljajlm{ ldj |m jkm{abkb( y bemd| |mb`{m` hb iemb em r}m hj skhilj m{b ei|l}uikhm!

Gby sb|m| ma r}m aj gby sb{uiej| sjhuilj| |iaj |mj${m| r}m uimama sb{uiej| sjhuilj|! Maujalm| gby }a ljao}a$uj em e}mj| em sb{uiej| sjhuilj| r}m b{{m`hba y j{emaba!Bg aj gby emdjl{blib( aj jsm{b mh ljalmsuj em djem{ai$zblia iaum{ab( y mh r}m aj hm }|ub bh e}mj |m vb! M| ljdj}ab mds{m|b r}m uimam }a e}mj y ma hb r}m aj |m s{je}$lma hj| jkomuivj| ma ljda! Hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| ma lbd$kij( ma l}bauj sb{uiej| em li}ebebaj|( uimama r}m |m{ sb{$uiej| emdjl{uilj|( uimama r}m |m{ sb{uiej| emhikm{baum|>lbeb sb{uiej k}|lb{ |} dujej emdjl{uilj( s}m| hb em$djl{blib aj uimam }ab |jhb fj{db!

]a sb{uiej sjhuilj m| }a `{}sj g}dbaj em|uiabej b`jkm{ab{ lja lim{ub ljd}aiebe em iembhm| y em ia|u{}dma$uj|! Mh {jh em hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| f{maum b hb iadma|iebe emiemauiebem| m| mh umdb lhbvm gjy eb> br} gby }ab ei|l}$|ia d}y iaum{m|baum y r}m uimam r}m vm{ lja d}huil}hu}{b$hi|dj m iaum{l}hu}{bhi|dj!

Mh d}huil}hu}{bhi|dj f}m }a iadma|j bvbalm> idshil{mljajlm{ |}| em{mlgj| m iemauiebem| b lbeb }aj em hj||mluj{m| r}m umab hb |jlimebe! Hj r}m vjy b ljaub{ m| vm{$

Mh d}huil}hu}{bhi|djf}m }a iadma|jbvbalm> idshil{mljajlm{ |}|em{mlgj| miemauiebem| b lbeb}aj em hj| |mluj{m|r}m umab hb|jlimebe!


21/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

;2

ebe? hmb ma }ab {mvi|ub m|sbjhb }ab ei|l}|ia |jk{m |i um$ab j aj r}m gbkm{ lb|b| em balibaj| by! B d dm malba$ub{b r}m g}kim{b lb|b| ma r}m aj idsj{ub{b hj r}m hb ma$um f}m{b( y dm sb{mlm{b d}y dbhb jaeb em |m`{m`bliar}m hj| balibaj| f}m{ba b lb|b| em `by y aj b lb|b| aj{db$hm| ma hb| r}m m|ua ujej| hj| balibaj|( ejaem |uj| {mlikma{m|smuj y mh di|dj u{buj! Aia`}ab mwlh}|ia |m |}sm{b b

kb|m em hb mam{blia em a}mvb| mwlh}|ijam|( y mh u}{bhi|dj uimam mh smhi`{j em lja|u{}i{ gibuj|> sj{ msj{ub mh iaum{l}hu}{bhi|dj! Hj| sb{uiej| y mh M|ube{ba r}m |m{ ubdkia iaum{l}hu}{bhm|( m|sblij| sejaem |m `mam{ba jkomuivj| ljd}am|( ejaem |m `mamdmub| ljd}am|( ejaem |m `mam{ba mds{m|b| ljd}amLdj hj`{b{hj: Hm| emoj m|j ljdj ub{mb sb{b hb lb|b!


22/74

5Hb mwsm{imalib emh F{maum Bdshij ma mh ]{}`}by

I! Baumlmemaum|

Hb r}m gjy |m hhbdb Ljavmalia Ablijabh em U{bkbobej${m| |m hhbd Iaum`{b{|m b Lmau{bhm| ailb|> bhà eb |mikb b hhbdb{ Lmau{bh! M|j hhmv b hb s{idm{b mwsm{imalib em}aiebe ma hb izr}im{eb lja }a daidj ljda emajdiab$ej{! ]a djvidimauj |iaeilbh r}m bemd| u}vj hb sb{uil}hb${iebe em emli{? \jdj| b}uajdj| em ujej| hj| sb{uiej| ydjvidimauj| sjhuilj|! M| emli{ r}m( b sm|b{ em r}m hb db$yj{b em hj| ei{i`maum| |iaeilbhm| umab lhb{bdmaum |} bfi$hiblia ma hj| sb{uiej| em izr}im{eb ljd}ai|ub|( |jlibhi|$

ub|( bab{r}i|ub| y d}lgj| em hb izr}im{eb iaemsmaeimaum(|m dbau}vj y |m dbauimam gb|ub mh eb em gjy hb b}ujajdby hb iaemsmaemalib emh djvidimauj |iaeilbh {m|smluj em hj|sb{uiej|( sm{j m|j hhmv b hb amlm|iebe em hhm`b{ b hb }aiebeemh F{maum Bdshij!

Ljialiemaumdmaum lja m|um s{jlm|j( sb|b{ja ej| j u{m|lj|b| em idsj{ubalib? ma 2966 g}kj }ab [mfj{db Lja|ui$u}lijabh r}m vjhvi mh sb| bh s{m|iemalibhi|dj y mhidia(sj{ ubauj( mh Lja|moj Ablijabh j Ljhmìbej! Ma m|m dj$dmauj mh S{m|iemaum m{b ljhj{bej( }a `mam{bh {mui{bej d}yk}mab sm{|jab r}m fbhhmli ma dmeij em }ab l{i|i| mlja$dilb idsj{ubaum( y b|}di Oj{`m Sblgmlj B{mlj( r}m lj$dmaz b jkm{ab{ em|em mh di|dj eb r}m b|}dm lja dm$eieb| bk|jh}ubdmaum bauiemdjl{uilb|! Hj s{idm{j r}mgizj f}m ihm`bhizb{ vb{ij| sb{uiej| y j{`baizblijam| sjhui$lb|( mau{m mhhj| bh Sb{uiej \jlibhi|ub! Hj |mbhj sj{r}m db{$lb bh djvidimauj {mvjh}lijab{ij j{imaubh y b ju{j| |mluj{m|d| em hb izr}im{eb!

Ma br}mhhj| djdmauj|( bj| 60$67( lja hb| djvihizb$lijam| m|u}eibauihm|( d}y idsj{ubaum|( ljdimazb hb dbaje}{b em hb em{mlgb( lja |iu}blijam| hbdmaubkhmdmaum r}mmh sb| ikb b vivi{! Yb ma mh 67 gby d}m{um| em m|u}eibaum| mahb lbhhm( bsbhmbdimauj| em u{bkbobej{m|!

II! Hb idsj{ubalib emhb }aiebe em hb izr}im{eb

]a ljdsbm{j dm blbkb em s{m`}aub{ eaem bsb{mlm\m{mài! K}maj( \m{mài m{b }a `mam{bh( mh d| ojvma( }gjdk{m d}y {mljajliej emau{j em hb| F}m{zb| B{dbeb|(bh r}m hm ujlb ei{iì{ hb {mìa dihiub{ d| idsj{ubaum emhsb|( ma Djaumviemj( y gblm{ l}dshi{ hb j{ema em hb s{m|i$emalib em {ms{idi{ hb| g}mh`b| em kbalb{ij| y fm{{jvib{ij|(f}aebdmaubhdmaum! \m{mài vm iadmeibubdmaum r}m mhsb| vb sj{ ju{j| {}dkj| y r}m hb| F}m{zb| B{dbeb| ajemkba umam{ m|m sbsmh {ms{m|ivj( y sb|b b {mui{j ma 296

\m{mài m{b( bemd|( }a ljajliej begm{maum emh Sb{ui$ej Ljhj{bej> sm{j sb{b hb gi|uj{ib( l}baej h f}m b hb @}m${{b Livih m|sbjhb iaum`{baej mh Ljdiu em Bsjyj b hb [m$skhilb M|sbjhb( yb emdj|u{bkb |} sm{fih emdjl{uiljs{j`{m|i|ub! Ma 2903 }ab |m{im em sm{|jabhiebem| y {}sj|sjhuilj| ljavjlba b hb l{mblia emh F{maum Bdshij! M|jf}m ma ajvimdk{m em 2903 y ma eilimdk{m em m|m bj |mhm`bhizb a}mvbdmaum bh Sb{uiej \jlibhi|ub y ju{j| `{}sj|em izr}im{eb!

Ma br}mh djdmauj m|ubkb ma shmaj b}`m hb bllia em hb

`}m{{ihhb }{kbab em hj| U}sbdb{j|( m| emli{ r}m m{b }ab |i$u}blia {mbhdmaum eiflih( lja g}mh`b| sm{dbamaum| sj{ujej| hbej|( `}m{{ihhb( y ma m|m db{lj( ma fmk{m{j em 2902(|m l{mb mh F{maum Bdshij! F}idj| b hb| mhmllijam| ma aj$vimdk{m em m|m bj!

Ujeb hb izr}im{eb d| mhem|s{maeidimauj em |mluj${m| em hj| sb{uiej| u{beilij$abhm| hj| ljhj{bej|( malb$kmzbej| sj{ Dilgmhiai( }a|mabej{ {mljajliej> Bhkb[jkihhj( }ab hmì|hbej{br}m gbkb |iej diai|u{b>ubdkia hj| khbalj| lja[je{`}mz Lbd}|j( }a |m$abej{ d}y idsj{ubaum> Ma$

{ir}m M{{j( }a gjdk{m d}y {mljajliej( sj{ mh Sb{uiejAblijabh( y hb Emdjl{blib L{i|uibab l{mb o}aubdmaumlja mh |mluj{ em Dilgmhiai }a khjr}m r}m shbaumb }a |j$libhi|dj b}uj`m|uijab{ij! Hb| ei|l}|ijam| |ja d}y iaum${m|baum| y |m hhm`b b bh`j uba idsj{ubaum ljdj gbkm{ hj$`{bej }ab lbaeiebu}{b ailb y |ia l}m|uijabdimauj|(r}m f}m hb emh `mam{bh \m{mài!

M E]B[EJ F M[AAEM_ \ ML[MUB[IJ @ MAM[BH EMH S B[UIEJ

\ JLIBHI\UB EMH ] []@]BY

Ma 2902 ujeb m|bmdjlia( ujeb m|bdihiubalib( r}m aj

|hj |m ebkb ma hj|sb{uiej|( u}vj }a

sbsmh d}y

idsj{ubaum sb{b mhf{maum!


23/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

;sm{j sjemdj| umam{ vb{ib| hi|ub| b eis}ubej| j |mabej{m|r}m |m o}auba em ujeb| dbam{b| kboj mh di|dj hmdb! Mabr}mh djdmauj( 2902( mh f{maum aj }uihizb hb sj|ikihiebe emumam{ vb{ij| lbaeiebuj|( |m s{m|maub lja f{d}hb ailb y

hj`{b mh |m`}aej h}`b{ ma Djaumviemj( em|shbzbaej bh Sb{$uiej Ablijabh bh um{lm{ h}`b{!

III! Hb idsj{ubalib emhb }aiebe em hb izr}im{eb

Ldj f}m hb mvjh}lia em hb izr}im{eb ma u{diaj| mhml$uj{bhm|? ma mh bj 2966 umab 7< dih vjuj|( ma mh bj 2902yb umab hb }aiebe |m |maub y |m {mlhbdbkb sj{ sb{um em hb`maum! M|um F{maum Bdshij( r}m ljdmaz ma mh 02 lja uba$ub f}m{zb y djvihizblia( ma mh r}m bemd| |m ebkba ei|l}$|ijam| iemjh`ilb| sm{dbamaum|( dbaumab }a daidj lj$da emajdiabej{ r}m m{b |} s{j`{bdb 'mh s{j`{bdb emhf{maum m| ljdj hb Kikhib sb{b ujej| aj|ju{j|)! Ma br}mh dj$dmauj m|m s{j`{bdb f}m mh r}m db{l mh lbdiaj> ma br}m$hhb sjlb ma ujeb Bd{ilb Hbuiab bsb{mlim{ja hj| f{maum|sjs}hb{m|> |m m|ubkb mam{baej hb }aiebe em hb izr}im{eb!

Ma 2902 ujeb m|b mdjlia( ujeb m|b dihiubalib( r}m aj|hj |m ebkb ma hj| sb{uiej|( u}vj }a sbsmh d}y idsj{uba$um sb{b mh f{maum! \m l{m }a ljdiu em kb|m ma lbeb kb{{ij(ma mh r}m sb{uilisbkba hj| {ms{m|maubaum| em hj| sb{uiej| yemh djvidimauj y ubdkia hb `maum iaemsmaeimaum r}m |m

|maub f{maui|ub! Mh F{maum Bdshij ljdkiab sb{uiejebebaj| iaemsmaeimaum|> f}m }ab djvihizblia d}y( sd}y f}m{um! B hj| ej| bj|( mh ;0 em o}aij em 290


24/74


;5 ]a sb| aj m| |hj }ab u{beilia( }ab gi|uj{ib> m| }a s{jymlujubdkia! Di{b{ bh sb|bej m| amlm|b{ij( lja|u{}i{ sb{b mh f}u}{j m| hbub{mb!

hbej! F}m d}y eiflih hhmvb{ bemhbaum hb lhbaem|uiaiebe mamh ]{}`}by s}m| ujej m|ubkb d}y kima b{dbej! Sb{b ma$ujalm| yb gbkb |iej em{{jubeb hb `}m{{ihhb( em djej r}maj m| lj{{mluj emli{ r}m mh `jhsm em M|ubej |m eij ljdjlja|ml}malib em hb }m{{ihhb( s}m| hj| s{jsij| U}sbdb{j|bediuma ma |}| hik{j| r}m mhhj| f}m{ja em{{jubej| ma mh0; l}baej hb| F}m{zb| B{dbeb| |bhma b hb lbhhm b ljd$kbui{ hb `}m{{ihhb!

Ubdsjlj |m s}mem emli{ r}m br}mhhj m{b s{jkhmdb emdbaumam{ mh j{ema sj{r}m yb aj gbkb em|j{ema> m{b ju{js{jkhmdb! Ma mh ]{}`}by( }a sb| lja }ab hb{`b u{beiliaem emdjl{blib( m|m `jhsm f}m d}y f}m{um sb{b ujej| hj|}{}`}byj|! Sm{j ubdkia e}{baum hb eilube}{b( em|embemau{j y em|em bf}m{b( |m lja|jhie hb ljalmslia em }ai$ebe mau{m ujeb hb izr}im{eb!

Ma 2973 hj| dihiub{m| ljavjlb{ja b }a shmki|liuj! R}lb|}bhiebe( ma 2973 ljavjlba b }aj |idihb{ ma Lgihm sb{b{mfj{db{ hb Lja|uiu}lia!

Ma hb lhbaem|uiaiebe gbkb r}imam| m|ubkba em bl}m{ejma vjub{ sj{ mh \ sb{b |bhi{ em }ab vmz( y ju{j| r}m mauma$eim{ja ljdj dmoj{ m|u{bumìb emli{hm| AJ b hj| dihiub{m|!Hb izr}im{eb u}vj |} sj|ilia? em|em mh s{ialisij mh Sb{uiej

\jlibhi|ub eioj AJ( sj{ hj r}m u}vidj| }a `jhsm {ms{m|ivjd}y f}m{um ma b`j|uj em 2973( ma mh r}m m|u}vm emumaiej!Ma |msuimdk{m( l}baej |m gizj mh shmki|liuj ma Lgihm( viaim${ja hj| emh \m{vilij em Iaumhi`malib y aj| eiom{ja? Sb{b r}|m vba b dbub{ |i vba b sm{em{! Mh s{m|iemaum emh sb{uiej m|$ubkb ubdkia s{m|j( y ljdj m{b }a gjdk{m em mebe( g}kj}ab `{ba s{m|ia iaum{ablijabh em|em M}{jsb sb{b r}mr}meb{b hik{m( y hb eilube}{b bllmei! Sm{j mh ejluj{ Oj|Sme{j Lb{ej|j eioj? Bl mh |jlibhi|ub d| {m|sja|bkhm emujej| |jy yj( sj{ hj ubauj( |i aj |bhma ujej| yj aj |bh`j! Ymh `jkim{aj u}vj r}m bfhjob{( y |bhidj| hj| 2< s{m|j|! Mhhj|s{mumaeba dj|u{b{hm bh d}aej r}m k}|lbkba vb| em |bhi$eb emdjl{uilb sb{b mh sb| dimau{b| dmuba `maum s{m|b!F}m ids{m|ijabaum mh u{i}afj emh AJ( l}baej bemd| ajgbkb sj|ikihiebem| em gblm{ aiaà uisj em s}khiliebe ais{jsb`baeb!

F}m idsj{ubaum r}m ma }a s{j`{bdb em umhmvi|ia bsb${mlim{ja u{m| sm{|jab| sj{ mh AJ o}auj lja }a {}sj sj{ mh\( r}m b}ar}m aj m{ba em izr}im{eb( |iaj d| kima em em${mlgb( umaba }ab ljalmslia emdjl{uilb( y hj`{b{jadmum{ hb iemb em r}m |hj ma hb| }{ab| |m s}mem! Ju{bvmaubob f}m r}m hj| dihiub{m| y hj| livihm| r}m m|ubkba ljamhhj| aj lbdkib{ja hb fj{db em ljau{jh mhmluj{bh emh shm$

ki|liuj? hb| dm|b| em {mlmslia em vjuj| |ja ljau{jhbeb|sj{ hj| f}alijab{ij| skhilj|!

IV! Lja|ml}malib| emhb viluj{ib emh AJ

B sb{ui{ em m|ub viluj{ib viaj ujej hj emd|! Ma 2972 mhdjvidimauj |iaeilbh ljdmaz b {mj{`baizb{|m! Ma 297; hj|dihiub{m| ljavjlba b mhmllijam| iaum{ab| lja hj| sb{uiej|u{beilijabhm|! Hb izr}im{eb emliem vjub{ ma khbalj baum }ahhbdbej em \m{mài em|em hb l{lmh( y db{lbdj| s{m|maliblja ;=3 dih vjuj| ma khbalj! Mh umdb m{b bsb{mlm{ vjubaejma m|j| m|sblij|( y mh F{maum Bdshij |i`}i lja|jhieaej|m(bemd| lja }ab d}y idsj{ubaum j{`baizblia ma mh mwihij!Ubdkia f}m k}maj sb{b mh f{maum mh gmlgj em r}m |} ei{mllia sjhuilb m|ubkb emau{j emh sb|!

Ujej| hj| f}alijab{ij| skhilj| umaba r}m umam{ hblm{uifilblia emdjl{uilb r}m ebkb hb eilube}{b? B( K jL! Hj| r}m umaba L aj umaba lm{uifilbej( sj{ hj ubauj aj

sjeba emeilb{|m b hb f}a$lia skhilb y r}mebkba mahb lbhhm! Yj |jy f}alijab{ij

kbalb{ij m|ububh( em djejr}m lja di L dm u}vm r}memeilb{ b hb dihiubalib! Mhdjvidimauj |iaeilbh |m md$smz b b{db{ em }ab dbam${b ids{m|ijabaum! Hj| dihi$ub{m| aj| eim{ja sm{di|jsb{b gblm{ mh bluj emh 2 em

dbyj em 297< ma }a h}`b{ d| kima lgilj( sma|baej r}mhhmvb{bdj| = dih j 23 dih! B aj|ju{j| m|b lbauiebe aj|sb{mlb }a mwlm|j( sm{j sb{b a}m|u{b |j{s{m|b g}kj 2=3dih sm{|jab|! F}m hb }aiebe em ujej| hj| |mluj{m| emdj$l{uilj| em hb izr}im{eb y em hb em{mlgb ma }a bluj skhi$lj d}huiu}eiab{ij( sieimaej mh {muj{aj em hb emdjl{blib!

A}alb |m g}kim{b ljalmkiej r}m f{maum bh Jkmhi|lj hj|lja|uiu}ymaum| m|u}vim{ba |maubej| ma }a m|u{bej lja`maum lja r}ima a}alb aj| g}ki{bdj| gbkhbej! Hb iembm{b? ]adjaj| sb{b em{{ikb{ b hb eilube}{b( y ma ujej m|jmh f{maum dj|u{ |} f}m{zb!

Lb{hj| R}iobaj m|l{iki ma mh bj 75 |jk{m mh f{maum? ]asb| aj m| |hj }ab u{beilia( }ab gi|uj{ib> m| }a ubdkias{jymluj! Di{b{ bh sb|bej m| amlm|b{ij( lja|u{}i{ sb{b mhf}u}{j m| hb ub{mb!

Sm{j ubdkiae}{baum hb

eilube}{b( em|embemau{j y em|embf}m{b( |m lja|jhie

hb ljalmslia em}aiebe mau{m ujeb

hb izr}im{eb!


25/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

;=

Ma a}m|u{b Bd{ilb gi|sbab( hb sbu{ib `{baem( hb |j$um{{beb u{beilia ljavjlb b hb }aiebe( b hb| `{baem| }ai$ebem| {mìjabhm| y b hb `{ba }aiebe ljauiamaubh( y maa}m|u{j ]{}`}by hb sbu{ib lgilb m| d| ubaìkhm( m| mhemkm{ |m{ j{imaubh( m| |m{ b{ui|ub( |m{ b{ui|ub( |m{ {ijshbuma$|m( y |m{ {ijshbuma|m m| |m{ gi|sbajbdm{ilbaj! \i gby hmym|abu}{bhm|( m|b m| a}m|u{b hmy abu}{bh( a}m|u{b u{beilia ya}m|u{j em|uiaj! Mh F{maum Bdshij abli aj lja mh sma|b$dimauj em r}m hb| |bhieb| m|ubkba emau{j emh ]{}`}by mw$lh}|ivbdmaum! Mh ]{}`}by aj emsmaem |jhbdmaum emh ]{}$`}by( emsmaem ubdkia em }a em|b{{jhhj lhb{j em Hbuiajb$d{ilb! Sj{ m|j em|em 297= gb|ub bgj{b em|em r}m u}vi$dj| m|sblij| emdjl{uilj| mh F{maum gb bsj|ubej sj{ hblja|u{}llia em }ab |bhieb ablijabh hikm{ubej{b( sm{j sma$|baej ma hb lja|u{}llia hbuiajbdm{ilbab( ebaej sb|j| b|bkimaeb| em r}m lbeb }aj em hj| sb|m| umamdj| a}m|u{b|s{jsib| u{beilijam|( l}hu}{b| y b|si{blijam|( y r}m aj m| hjdi|dj mh ]{}`}by r}m mh K{b|ih y r}m hb B{`mauiab! M|j gbyr}m |bkm{ maumaem{hj!

M| vm{ebe r}m gjy ma eb m|ubdj| ei|l}uimaej blm{lb emhb| b|idmu{b|( r}m m| }aj em hj| s{jkhmdb| `{baem| r}m um$amdj| hj| sb|m| sb{b hj| mfmluj| em hb }aiebe hbuiajbdm{i$

lbab! Mh s{idm{ sb|j sb{b hj| }{}`}byj| gb |iej mh Dm{lj|}{(mh l}bh( d| bhh em ujej| hj| s{jkhmdb| r}m gjy umamdj|( m|sb{b mh F{maum Bdshij }ab kb|m |}|ubalibh( m| mh sb|j sb{b hblja|u{}llia em hb }aiebe hbuiajbdm{ilbab!

IV! K}|lbaej hb }aiebe hbuiajbdm{ilbab

Yj u}vm hb |bui|fbllia em |m{ mh |ml{mub{ij `mam{bh emhb Ljj{eiabej{b Lmau{bh em \iaeilbhm| emh Ljaj \}{( y g}$kj }a djdmauj ma r}m hhm`bdj| bh umlgj y emlieidj|{jdsm{hj y ljdmazb{ lja hj| bl}m{ej| lja mh Lja|mojLja|}huivj Hbkj{bh Baeiaj( b{{b|u{baej ubdkia b hj|sb{uiej| sjhuilj| b ei|l}ui{ hb amlm|iebe em hb }aiebe hb$uiajbdm{ilbab!

Gblm }a uimdsj( em|em mh Sb{uiej \jlibhi|ub emh ]{}$`}by( mh Sb{uiej \jlibhi|ub em Lgihm y ju{j| sb{uiej| |jlib$hi|ub| |m gbkb shbaumbej hb Ljj{eiabej{b \jlibhi|ub emBd{ilb( sma|baej ma hb }aiebe hbuiajbdm{ilbab em hb| bl$lijam| em hj| sb{uiej| s{j`{m|i|ub|! Sb{b aj|ju{j|( ma hblja|u{}llia ablijabh m|u hb lja|u{}llia hbuiajbdm{ilb$ab> sj{ m|j mh f{maum gb bsjybej lja fm{vj{ mh Fj{j \jlibhD}aeibh( r}m u}vj `{ba idsj{ubalib sb{b maf{maub{ bh Fj${j em Ebvj|!

Ldj hj`{bdj| hb ei$vm{|iebe sma|baej r}m gb$kb r}m shbaumb{ ju{jd}aej( y r}m mh d}aej emhb `hjkbhizblia }aisjhb{ yemh sma|bdimauj ailj ajmwi|ub( ai mwi|um: Hj| r}mljalmkidj| hb sjhuilb lj$dj mh em|b{{jhhj g}dbaj|bkmdj| r}m mh g}dbaj ajuimam }a |jhj sma|bdimauj(

y r}m dimau{b| gjdk{m| y d}om{m| m|umdj| ma hb uim{{b|m`}i{mdj| lbdkibaej sm{dbamaumdmaum( y r}m mh ebma r}m hj`{mdj| }a jkomuivj( m|m jkomuivj |m{ emobejbu{| sb{b k}|lb{ ju{j! Sj{ hj ubauj( br}mhhj em r}m hb|}ujsb| |m lja|u{}yma j d}m{ma m| idsj|ikhm> hj| |}m$j| aj s}mema dj{i{|m ma mh |mauidimauj em hb `maum!Aj|ju{j| lja|iem{bdj| mh d}aej }aisjhb{ ljdj baui$eibhluilj y baui{{mvjh}lijab{ij sm{j( lhb{j( aj sjem$dj| emob{ em vm{ m|um d}aej ljdj mh d}aej emh sjem{em hb| d}huiablijabhm|!

Mh sjem{ idsm{ibh em bh`}aj| sb|m| |ja hb| d}huiab

abhm|( em ejaem emkmdj| b|}di{ r}m sb{b di{b{ mh dy lja|u{}i{ mh ju{j d}aej sj|ikhm aj sjemdj| emob{ em vhj a}mvj( ai hj| bvbalm| em hb umlajhj`b r}m gba blj{uhb| ei|ubalib| ma mh d}aej! Sm{j ubdsjlj sjemdj| ma`b$b{aj|( yb r}m hj| bvbalm| umlajhìlj| |i`}ma mam{baem|i`}bhebem|( sj{r}m |imds{m hj| d| sjem{j|j| |ja hj|r}m uimama mh dbyj{ bllm|j b mhhj|!

Hj r}m aj|ju{j| umamdj| ljdj djem{aj yb sb| gblm{buj! M|m m| ubdkia }aj em hj| shbaumj| em hb lja|u{}hbuiajbdm{ilbab? ldj ei|l}ui{ y sma|b{ ma m|um em|bem ljj{eiablijam|( y ldj lja|u{}i{ ljajlidimauj|( r}m m|}ab em hb| l}m|uijam| d| eifil}huj|b|! Ldj gblmdj| r}mhb |jlimebe em hb iaumhi`malib |m }ab( r}m ma mhhl}mau{ma aj |jhbdmaum hj| r}m uimama d|( |iaj ubdkhj| r}m umamdj| dmaj|( r}m b vmlm| umamdj| d}lgj dsm{j aj aj| ebdj| l}maub!

Mh s{jkhmdb m| r}m ujebvb hb| kb{{m{b| |i`}ma e}{b| sb{b a}m|u{j s}mkhj( |jk{m ujej sb{b r}imam| mma mh d}aej emh sma|bdimauj! Ma ujej lb|j( b vmlm| bslma limaufilj| r}m |m vba bh d}aej em|b{{jhhbej b maj b mau{m`b{hm |} ljajlidimauj y |} lbsbliebe( y em|s}v}mhvma( sm{j aj sb{b bu{|? v}mhvma lja ju{b lbkmzej gjdk{m| j d}om{m| em wiuj!

Sb{b aj|ju{j|( ma hblja|u{}llia

ablijabh m|u hblja|u{}llia

hbuiajbdm{ilbab>sj{ m|j mh f{maumgb bsjybej lja

fm{vj{ mh Fj{j\jlibh D}aeibh!


26/74


;6 B vmlm| aj| jl}sbdj| d| em ei|l}ui{ |jk{m hj| s{jkhmdb| ljdm{libhm|r}m |jk{m ju{j| umdb| r}m aj| s}mema by}eb{ d}lgj d|s{mli|bdmaum ma hb lja|u{}llia em hb sjhuilb!

\ia mdkb{`j( hb lja|u{}llia emh ljajlidimauj y emhbvbalm em hj| sb|m| emh Um{lm{ D}aej m| ujebvb eiflih! Bvmlm| aj| jl}sbdj| d| em ei|l}ui{ |jk{m hj| s{jkhmdb|ljdm{libhm| r}m |jk{m ju{j| umdb| r}m aj| s}mema by}eb{d}lgj d| s{mli|bdmaum ma hb lja|u{}llia em hb sjhuilb!

V! Ub{mb| emh @jkim{aj

Hj s{idm{j r}m hm idsj{u bh @jkim{aj }{}`}byj s{j$`{m|i|ub f}m hb mdm{`malib |jlibh( y m|j f}m f}aebdmaubh!D| emh =3 sj{ limauj em hb sjkhblia m|ubkb sj{ emkboj emhj| aivmhm| em sjk{mzb( m|ubkb ma hb iaei`malib> mh 6= sj{limauj em hb sjkhblia( jl}sbeb ma u{bkboj| i{{m`}hb{m|( ajfj{dbhm|! Mh S{m|iemaum Ubkb{ Vzr}mz eioj? S{idm{j hj|r}m s{mli|ba y em|s}| i{mdj| lbdiabaej hmaubdmaum sb${b hj| emd|! \m`}aej( i{mdj| b }ab {mfj{db u{ik}ub{ibr}m gb`b r}m hj| r}m uimama d| sb`}ma d|! Ma }a sb|ejaem hb lhb|m dmeib uimam |} f}m{zb( |um m| }a umdb d}ye}{j( sm{j |m hj m|u bshilbaej!

Gblm }a dm| ljdmaz b bshilb{|m hb [mfj{db U{ik}ub${ib( r}m hhmvb{ b lbdkij| |}|ubalibhm|( sj{r}m baum| |hj|m sb`bkb ids}m|uj| bh lja|}dj! Aj gbkb sb`j b hb [ma$

ub( mh ids}m|uj bh sbu{idjaij aj |m }|bkb d|( m| emli{ r}mmh ids}m|uj bh lbsiubh aj mwi|ub! Y |i kima m|ub [mfj{db U{i$k}ub{ib aj m| hb r}m ujej| r}m{mdj| ma mh f{maum( sj{r}mr}m{mdj| i{ d| bhh( m| mh s{idm{ sb|j! M|ub [mfj{db U{i$k}ub{ib aj| vb b hhmvb{ b hb {ba [mfj{db em hb \bh}e ma }asb| lja |bh}e s{ivbeb y |bh}e m|ububh emlbeb! Ljdj eioj}a m|sbjh( }ab |bh}e sb{b sjk{m| m| }ab sjk{m |bh}e( yk}|lbdj| }ab {mfj{db hj d| mr}iubuivb sj|ikhm( ma hb r}mmh M|ubej b|}db mh h}`b{ em {mei|u{ik}iej{ y ljau{jhbej{ mam|m lbdsj!

Ma ]{}`}by gby }ab d}y bvbazbeb umlajhj`b ma |bh}e(ljalmau{beb ma hb }uihizblia emh ljdm{lij ma hb |bh}e!K}|lbdj| }a lbdkij |}|ubalibh( r}m hb |bh}e |m shbaumm mahb Lja|uiu}lia( }ab Lja|uiu}lia r}m aj m| s{j`{m|i|ubsm{j r}m eilm r}m mh M|ubej emkm s{jl}{b{ |bh}e sb{b ujebhb sjkhblia( ljdj emkm s{jl}{b{ me}lblia y u{bkboj!

Hb| {mfj{db| hbkj{bhm| |ja }aj em hj| lbdkij| |}|uba$libhm| y {mvjh}lijab{ij| em m|um @jkim{aj! huidbdmaum hb|hmym| emh dm{lbej ubdkia gbkba hhmvbej b r}m hb| am`j$liblijam| hbkj{bhm| |mba emh hik{m dm{lbej( sj{ ubauj( |hjhj| |iaeilbuj| r}m umaba d| f}m{zb sjeba am`jlib{!

Ma mh lb|j em hj| kbalb{ij|( ljdj umabdj| d}lgb f}m{$zb ma }a sb| em shbzb| fiabalim{b|( sjebdj| am`jlib{ y

umabdj| k}maj| |bhb{ij| y k}mab {mu{ik}lia! Aj mwi|ubaf}m{j| |iaeilbhm| em aia`a uisj! Em|em r}m mh f{maum b|}$di mh @jkim{aj( mh djvidimauj |iaeilbh gb sb|bej em 2;3dih b lb|i hb `maum gb mdsmzbej b u{bkbob{! Sj{ |}s}m|uj r}m aj |m m|u vivimaej ma mh aivmh r}mr}i|i{bdj|! Ma ;33; |m vivi hb l{i|i| fiabalim{b d|`{baem ma hb gi|uj{ib emh ]{}`}by( r}m u}vj bh`j r}m vm{lja hb B{`mauiab( sm{j |jk{m ujej lja hb sjhuilb r}m |mhhmvbkb bemhbaum! B {bz em mhhb |m `mam{ }ab di`{blids{m|ijabaum? hb maum vmaei ujej y hb| fbdihib| |m ei|$`{m`b{ja( sb{uim{ja sm{|jab| em d| em =3 == bj| emmebe y mh sb| mdsmz b lbm{|m! M|m f}m mh sb| r}m u}vidjr}m mdsmzb{ b {ml}sm{b{!

Hj| bvbalm|umlajh`ilj| |i`}ma

`mam{baejem|i`}bhebem|

sj{r}m |imds{m hj|d| sjem{j|j| |ja

hj| r}m uimama mhdbyj{ bllm|j b

mhhj|!


27/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

;0

Ia|i|uj ma emli{ r}m mh ]{}`}by m| }a sb| r}m |m {ml}$sm{b u{bubaej em vmaem{( sj{ ubauj m| lim{uj r}m gblmdj|am`jliblijam| lja M|ubej| ]aiej|( sm{j aj m| }a u{bubejem hik{m ljdm{lij! Hb s{ma|b dbais}hb( |idshmdmaum |m u{b$ub em vmaem{ d| sj{r}m m| lim{uj r}m m|ubdj| sb|baejsj{ }ab {ba l{i|i| ma mh Dm{lj|}{!

Mh ]{}`}by |m m|u bk{imaej d}lgj d| r}m e}{baumhj| jkim{aj| em em{mlgb( r}m emlba r}m mh dm{lbej ujejhj {m|jhvb! Hb mwsm{imalib emh F{maum Bdshij ma hb lja|$u{}llia em hb }aiebe em hb izr}im{eb y em hj| |mluj{m| s{j$`{m|i|ub| gb f}alijabej( sm{diuiaejaj| umam{ hb dmaumbkim{ub! Hj| m|r}mdb| y hj| shbaumj| m|r}mduilj| aj em$ oma em |m{ mh |}mj r}m ujej| umamdj| em lja|u{}llia emhb |jlimebe |jlibhi|ub( lja o}|uilib |jlibh! \ r}m{mdj|lja|u{}i{ fmhiliebe sb{b hj| s}mkhj|> sm{j }ab lj|b m| hbr}m |m eilm y ju{b hb r}m |m gblm!

Hj| sb{uiej| em hb em{mlgb sje{ba emli{ hj d}lgj r}meim{ja bh ]{}`}by( sm{j |m`a hb| emdj|u{blijam| em |}|huidj| bj| em `jkim{aj( aj lja|u{}ba sb{b hb fmhiliebeemh s}mkhj! K}|lbaej m|m daidj ljda emajdiabej{sb{b mh Dm{lj|}{( lja ej| sb|m| ljdj mh K{b|ih y hb B{`ma$uiab( lja ej| sb|m| ma mh dmeij ljdj Sb{b`}by y mh ]{}$

`}by( hb iaum`{blia em Vmamz}mhb y hb sj|ikhm iaum`{bliaem Kjhivib lja Lgihm( m|sm{bdj| r}m aj| hhmvm bh mal}mau{j|}ebdm{ilbaj! R}m hb }aiebe |}ebdm{ilbab em hb| ablij$am| aj |mb |jhbdmaum }a s{jymluj em lja|u{}llia |}sm{$m|u{}lu}{bh> gby r}m lja|u{}i{hb em|em bkboj!

L}baej m|ubdj| ma mh @jkim{aj( hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj|aj| sm{emdj|( aj |bkmdj| d}y kima r} gblm{! Aj|ju{j|(r}m aj| sb|bdj| ujeb hb vieb ma hb jsj|ilia hb jsj|iliabh fia y bh lbkj m| }a mom{lilij s{mlij|j( sb|bdj| b |m{ }abjsj|ilia mwlmslijabhdmaum {m|sja|bkhm!

Ma mh ;33; s}eidj| gbkm{ ui{bej bkboj hb| ia|uiu}lijam|emdjl{uilb|> |ia mdkb{`j( aj hm eidj| mh }|uj b hb em{m$lgb y bljdsbbdj| mh s{jlm|j em |bhieb! Y bgj{b ma mh @j$kim{aj aj| s{m`}aubdj|? R} gblmdj|: Hj| sb{uiej|umamdj| r}m u{ba|fj{db{ em bl}m{ej b a}m|u{b mwsm{ima$lib em |m`}i{ ma{ir}mliaejaj| ma hb ei|l}|ia sm{dbama$um lja hb maum( em k}|lb{ m|m daidj ljda emajdiabej{r}m aj| gb`b |m`}i{ bvbazbaej |ia sm{em{ hj| bvbalm| r}mgmdj| hj`{bej!

B vmlm| hb izr}im{eb( sj{ `hjujab( l}baej hj`{b emum{$diabeb| lj|b| sim{em em vi|ub ldj |m s}mem bfi{db{ sb{beb{ mh |i`}imaum sb|j! \i ebdj| }a sb|j bu{| sb{b h}m`jeb{ ej| gblib emhbaum( aj m|ubdj| {mu{jlmeimaej! Ubdsjlj

sjemdj| umam{ ujej {m|}mhuj em }a eb sb{b mh ju{jdj aj |jdj| ljafj{di|ub|( sj{ mh ljau{b{ij( |jdj| |m{m|g}dbaj|( ialjafj{di|ub| lja hb iao}|uilib |jlibh sj{ abu}${bhmzb( m|j aj| l}m|ub d}lgj!

Sb{b mh F{maum Bdshij aj gbk{ k}ma `jkim{aj |i a`{bdj| i{ bvbazbaej ma hb {mei|u{ik}lia em hb {ir}mz

ei|u{ik}i{ hb uj{ub b dmeiebr}m l{mlm( y aj ljdj baum|(r}m aj| emlba r}m m|sm{mdj| b r}m hb uj{ub l{mzlb sb${b ei|u{ik}i{hb! I{hb ei|u{ikymaej m i{ l{mbaej li}ebeb$ab> sm{j f}aebdmaubhdmaui{ l{mbaej hb| sj|ikihiebem|sb{b r}m hb |jlimebe |m em|$b{{jhhm! Aj sjemdj| lja|$u{}i{ ma mh ]{}`}by }a djem$hj o}|uj y emdjl{uilj |i gbysjk{mzb m iamr}iebe!

Sj{ |}s}m|uj( ubdsjljsjemdj| lja|u{}i{ }ab Hbui$

ajbd{ilb em bvbalm f}m{um |i aj lbdiabdj| ujej| hj| sb$

|m| |jh}lijabaej hb| amlm|iebem| r}m umamdj| y |jh}lijabaej ujeb| hb| b|idmu{b|!

M|sblij em s{m`}aub| y ljdmaub{ij|

S?Em r} dbam{b sjemdj| lja|u{}i{ }ab Kjhivib ljamr}iebe( i`}bhebe y }aiebe( l}baej vividj| ma }ab |i$u}blia ma hb r}m sb{b {miab{ gby r}m eiviei{( hj rhhmvb b hb f{b`dmaublia emh sb|: R} sb{dmuamdj| r}m k}|lb{ sb{b maljau{b{ hb }aiebe iaum{ab

S?Em r} fj{db |m s}mem `jkm{ab{ lja ialh}|ia( m|slibhdmaum lja hb lhb|m dmeib y hb mds{m|b{ibh: Bumamdj| hb iemb em r}m mh sb{uiej r}m m|u ma em @jkim{aj |m s{mjl}sb em hj| sjk{m|( r}m |ja hj| rd| amlm|iuba( iaumaubaej em bh`}ab dbam{b ba}hhb| lhb|m| dmeib| y gblm{ em|bsb{mlm{ bh |mluj{ m|b{ibh! M| sj|ikhm jkm{ab{ ialh}ymaej b ujej|: M| |ikhm gblm{ sbu{ib y r}m ujej| sb{uilisma( r}m hj|d| amlm|iuba uma`ba d| sm{j |ia ba}hb{ b hj| ju{j|:

S?Ma hb baum{ij{ ei|m{ublia gbkbdj| vi|uj r}m hj| sbej| sjhuilj| gba sm{eiej |} ljaumaiej sj{ mfmluj em h`hjkbhizblia( hb| UIL 'r}m |ja hb| umlajhj`b| em iadblia y ljd}ailblia) y hb ei|uj{|ia em hb ajlia emh

Hb mwsm{imalib emh F{maum Bdshij ma hb lja|u{}llia em hb }aiebe em hbizr}im{eb y em hj| |mluj{m| s{j`{m|i|ub| gb f}alijabej( sm{diuiaejaj|umam{ hb dmaum bkim{ub!

\m m|u k}|lbaej i{b hb kb|m |jlibh b

u{bv| em hbem|lmau{bhizblia y

hb k|r}meb emhsjem{ hjlbh sb{br}m hb `maum |m

bsjem{m em hj r}m|m vb hj`{baej y

r}m dbbab aj |msim{eb sj{r}m viaj

ju{j `jkim{aj!


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;7

uimdsj( hb |id}hubamiebe! Ma mh ]{}`}by |m gb lja|m$`}iej r}m hb| izr}im{eb| |m }aba ma mh F{maum Bdshij y|m gb eilgj r}m |m gb hj`{bej k}|lb{ }a daidj ljdaemajdiabej{! Iaum{s{mubaej bdkb| ei|m{ublijam|( r}i$|im{b |bkm{? Em r} ljaumaiej |m eju m|um F{maum Bd$shij: L}hm| f}m{ja hj| s{ialisbhm| sb{dmu{j| ma mhei|l}{|j ma m|b k|r}meb em }a daidj ljda emaj$diabej{:

S?Sj{ hb fj{db em jkm{ab{y sj{ hb| {mfj{db| r}m}|ume di|dj dmalija(sje{bdj| emli{ r}m mh@jkim{aj blu}bh ma mh]{}`}by bs}aub d| b}a {mfj{di|dj s{b`d$uilj r}m b }a |jlibhi|djsjs}hi|ub:

S?[m|smluj b hb [mfj{dbU{ik}ub{ib( l}baej mwi|uma sj|ilijam| {beilbhm| emau{jemh F{maum Bdshij( ldj hb| bediai|u{ba: Gby }abemdjl{blib sb{b sjem{ lja|ma|}b{ sj|ilijam| {beilbhm|j |m{ d| emdjl{uilj| lja bh`}aj| umdb|:

S?L}hm| sje{ba |m{ hj| dmlbai|dj| y hb| bhum{abuivb|r}m sjemdj| bshilb{ ma Kjhivib sb{b aj umam{ ma mh sb|ubaub ljaf{jaublia( maf{maubdimauj| y khjr}mj|:

S?[mbhizbaej }ab {beij`{bfb sjhuilb em Bd{ilb Hbuiab(l}baej m|ubdj| ma }ab elbeb em |}{ìdimauj em dj$vidimauj| iae`mab| j{iìab{ij|( djvidimauj| sjs}hb${m|( |m{ dmam|um{ m|um lbdkij: \i mh sb|j iailibh sb{bmh lbdkij r}m ujej| hj| hbuiajbdm{ilbaj| k}|lbdj| m|hb l{mblia em a}mvb| hamb| sjhuilb|( j mh fj{ubhmli$dimauj em hj| baui`}j| sb{uiej| sjhuilj|( ljdj |}lmemma mh ]{}`}by? ldj vm hj r}m |}lmei gblm ej| elb$eb| ma mh bvbalm sjhuilj y hj| lbdkij| m|u{}lu}{bhm| sj$huilj| r}m |m {mbhizb ma a}m|u{j sb|:

S?Ma mh m|lmab{ij em hb mwshilblia gi|u{ilb emh F{maumBdshij ma ]{}`}by abu}{bhdmaum( l{mj r}m m| s{j$e}luj em hb h}lgb iemjhìlb baubàilb r}m |m eb f{ma$um bh lbsiubhi|dj( mh hikm{bhi|dj( mh djem{ai|dj( r}i$|im{b |bkm{ r} uisj em izr}im{eb m| hb r}m m|u hhm`baejb s{jhifm{b{ ma |} iemjhj`b j ma |} shba em @jkim{aj! Hbizr}im{eb s{je}luj em hb umj{b |jlibhi|ub j hb umj{bdb{wi|ub s{js}àb r}m hj| jk{m{j| hhm`}ma bh sjem{( ylja|iem{baej r}m hb h}lgb r}m mwi|um mau{m mh sjem{jk{m{j y mh sjem{ lbsiubhi|ub aj| hhmvb b }ab lhb|m dmeib(

r}m uimam }ab iemjhj`b eifm{maum? l}h |m{b mh m|lma{ij iemjhìlj em hb| f{bllijam| |jlibhm| em m|ub lhb|mdmeib:

S?[m|smluj b hj r}m |m ljdmau |jk{m hb| u{bkbobej{b| emhgj`b{( mhhb| uimama |m`}{j em |bh}e( |m`}{j em me}lb$lia: Sj{r}m br} ma Kjhivib |m gb u{bkbobej d}lgj sb${b hb| u{bkbobej{b| emh gj`b{!

S?Ma hb eiadilb sjhuilb emh ]{}`}by( y s{jsibdmaum emhF{maum Bdshij( ldj |m mafjlb mh s{jkhmdb em hb {mm$hmllia s{m|iemalibh: |ub vb b i{ b s{jf}aeizb{ hb em$djl{blib j m| mh lbdiaj b hb eilube}{b:S?Hj| sb{uiej| sjhuilj| amjhikm{bhm| gba `hjkbhizbejBd{ilb Hbuiab( ejaem gby ei|l{idiablia( {bli|dj(jeij b hj| s}mkhj| iae`mab|! Ldj gba sjeiej ma mh]{}`}by |}sm{b{ mh jeij( mh {bli|dj b hj| s}mkhj| iae$`mab| j u{bkbobej{m| j emh lbdsj: Ldj vma }|umem|hb |iu}blia em hj| s}mkhj| iae`mab| j{iìab{ij| emhlbdsj:

S?Ma hb mwsj|ilia |m gb gbkhbej d}lgj |jk{m ldj hb iz$r}im{eb y hb em{mlgb emh ]{}`}by gba umaiej {m|smujsj{ hb emdjl{blib sb{b lja|u{}i{ y hhm`b{ gb|ub ejaem |mgb hhm`bej ma m|um djdmauj! L}h m| |} sm{lmslia

sm{|jabh em hb umaemalib em bh`}aj| `jkim{aj| m|ma$libhdmaum ma Bd{ilb Hbuiab( mh lb|j em Vmamz}mhb y Kjhivib( em lim{ub| umaemalib| ujubhiub{ib|( lja hb em|u{}l$lia em }ab jsj|ilia j em hb jsiaia skhilb j hb em hi$k{m s{ma|b:

S?L}baej hj| sb{uiej| em izr}im{eb hhm`ba b hb emdjl{blibmwi|um sm{dbamaumdmaum hb s{muma|ia em eiviei{ b hb| j`baizblijam| |jlibhm|! L}h m| |} sm{lmslia j l}h m| hb|jh}lia ma mh ]{}`}by sb{b k}|lb{ emfiaiuivbdmaum mhmaumaeidimauj mau{m mh sb{uiej y hb| j{`baizblijam|:

S?Sj{ }a hbej( dm {m|}hub mviemaum r}m hb iaum{fm{malib el}bhr}im{ ablia mwu{baom{b m| dbhb! Aj | |i ma mh ]{}$`}by sb|b hj di|dj ma |mauiej em umam{ bh S{m|iemaum em Vmamz}mhb jsiabaej |jk{m mh ]{}`}by j bh S{m|iemaumaj{umbdm{ilbaj jsiabaej |jk{m mh ]{}`}by! Mwi|um bh$à ljafhiluj( bhà uisj em iaom{malib( bhà uisj emajuilib r}m |m gbyb mam{bej bh {m|smluj:Sj{ ju{j hbej( {m|smluj bh umdb em hj| ids}m|uj|( }|umeemlb r}m r}ima bab d| sb`b d|! Ma Kjhivib( |i }absm{|jab bab 233 mh ids}m|uj m| 23 sj{ limauj( |i }absm{|jab `bab 2!333( sb`b{b 233( mviemaumdmaum sb$`b d|( sm{j l{mj r}m |m{b bauiemdjl{uilj sb`b{ }asj{lmaubom dbyj{! \ia mdkb{`j( br} sb|b bh`j d}y

B vmlm| hbizr}im{eb( sj{`hjujab( l}baejhj`{b emum{diabeb|lj|b| sim{em emvi|ub ldj |m s}membfi{db{ sb{b eb{ mh|i`}imaum sb|j!


29/74


MA BD[ILB HBUIAB

;9

m|smlibh? }ab sb{um em hb sjkhblia sb`b ids}m|uj|sm{j ju{b {ba sb{um aj sb`b ids}m|uj|! Aj{dbhdma$um hj| r}m aj sb`ba ids}m|uj| |ja hj| r}m d| |m{vi$lij| mwi`ma! \hj sj{ l}{ij|iebe( aj | |i m|j sb|b ma mh]{}`}by( sb{b ljdsb{b{ hb {mbhiebe kjhivibab lja hb{mbhiebe }{}`}byb!

S?Mh mwsj|iuj{ aj| emlb r}m mh jkomuivj emh {`idma ljd$sb{uiej ma mh ]{}`}by dmeibaum mh F{maum Bdshij m| m$am{b{ iaum`{blia sjhuilb! Dm s{m`}auj? R} {bej emb}ujajdb sjhuilb uimama ma mh F{maum Bdshij hb| f}m{$zb| r}m hj ljdsjama:

Me}b{ej Fm{aaemz

S{mvibdmaum ei{ bh`j r}m emo sb{b mh fiabh! Mh F{maumBdshij( l}baej b|}di mh @jkim{aj mh bj ;33=( |m shba$um }a umdb |}|ubalibh y f}aebdmaubh sb{b hb gi|uj{ib ema}m|u{j sb| y em a}m|u{j s}mkhj! ]|umem| |bkma ldj hbeilube}{b malb{lmh( sm{|i`}i( b|m|ia y em|bsb{mli ma$um> m|m f}m }aj em hj| s{jkhmdb| d| {baem| emh ]{}`}by!\i kima ma mh ]{}`}by g}kj }a shmki|liuj sb{b em{j`b{ }abhmy r}m |m hhbdbkb Em Lbe}liebe em hb S{muma|ia S}aiuivb

emh M|ubej( m| emli{ r}m mh M|ubej aj iaum{vmab d| ma hj|s{jkhmdb| r}m gbkba jl}{{iej baum|( ma mh b{ul}hj l}b{$uj em m|b hmy |m shbaumbkb r}m hj |}lmeiej lja hj| em|bsb${mliej| |m sjeb iavm|ui`b{ |i mh S{m|iemaum em hb [mskhilbhj b}uj{izbkb bh Sjem{ O}eilibh! Aia`}aj em hj| baum{ij{m|s{m|iemaum| gizj abeb! Mh huidj( mh ejluj{ Kbuhhm( mh d|amjhikm{bh em ujej|( lja|uiu}y }ab Ljdi|ia em hb Sbz r}mu}vj }a smr}mj bvbalm sm{j abeb d|! Em|em r}m b|}diUbkb{ Vzr}mz |m bumaei ujej| hj| smeiej| r}m mh Sjem{O}eilibh hm shbaumb bh S{m|iemaum em hb [mskhilb! Mh S{m|i$emaum ljaum|u sieimaej r}m iavm|ui`}ma! Gba mdsmzbej bbsb{mlm{ {m|uj| em em|bsb{mliej|> hb| F}m{zb| B{dbeb| u}$vim{ja r}m gblm{ r}m |}| ljdbaebaum| iafj{dma blm{lb em|} blu}blia ma hb eilube}{b( l}baej |imds{m am`b{ja uj$ej! B}ar}m m|uj| iafj{dm| aj |ja mh 233 sj{ limauj em hjr}m r}i|i{bdj|( ai d}lgj dmaj|( |m m|u bvbazbaej!

Ej| lj|b| f}aebdmaubhm|? hj| dihiub{m| blmsub{ja r}me}{baum hb eilube}{b bshilb{ja hb uj{u}{b( b|m|iabuj y em|$bsb{ilia e}{baum |um @jkim{aj em izr}im{eb( sb{b mh r}m}aj em hj| s{jkhmdb| d| `{baem| m{b s{mli|bdmaum ljahb| F}m{zb| B{dbeb|! \m |i`}m iavm|ui`baej( y gby a}mvmdihiub{m| y sjhilb| uj{u

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