eav mass: 2.6 t volume: 12 m 3 edv mass: 2.6 t volume: 12 m 3 transit to earth mass: 45.6 t volume:...
TRANSCRIPT
Human FactorsProject Olympus
Crew A HF Values Crews 1-7 HF ValuesLayoutRadiation RoomSpace SuitECLSSExercise EquipmentGravitational Forces on Humans
Calculations:WasteLights/ThermalRadiationWaterOxygenFood Plant Growth
EAVMass: 2.6 tVolume: 12 m3
EDVMass: 2.6 tVolume: 12 m3
Transit to EarthMass: 45.6 tVolume: 145 m3
MAVMass: 2.6 tVolume: 12 m3
TransHab in Orbit
Mass: 45.6 tVolume: 145 m3
MDVMass: 4.6 tVolume: 17 m3
Transit to MarsMass: 55.2 * tVolume: 170* m3
Crew A (HF only) Mass & Volume
TransHAB
CW
*AG System Mass not included
Diagram by Stephanie Johnston
Cargo AMass: 47.7 t Volume: 207 m3
TransHAB
TransHAB
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Crews 1-7 (HF only) Mass & Volume
* HF Considerations include: Food, water, breathable air, radiation shielding, greenhouse, appliances, equipment, maintenance, crew weights, daily consumables, thermal protection, recycling systems, etc.
Food Specs
Years#
PeopleMass
[t]Volume
[m3]% Self-
Sustaining
Actual Mass
ReductionCrew 1 -7 Launched 8 43.5 143.8 0% 0%
Crew 1 -7 Landed 8 34.0 0% 0%
Cargo 1 0.0 8 34.7 158.7 5-10% 0%Cargo 2 2.1 16 60.6 263.5 15-20% 10%Cargo 3 4.3 24 65.0 301.1 25-30% 20%Cargo 4 6.4 32 84.0 382.0 35-40% 25%Cargo 5 8.6 40 80.1 393.4 45-50% 40%Cargo 6 10.7 48 84.6 425.6 60-70% 50%Cargo 7 12.9 56 60.8 370.4 80-90% 75%Cargo 8 15.0 56 37.4 278.1 100% 90%Cargo 9 17.1 56 37.4 278.1 100% 90%
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.00.0
20.040.060.080.0
100.0
Mass Requirements for Cargo Missions
1-7
Mission Years
Mass [
t]= Large Greenhouse
* Does NOT include: General electronics & computers Return to HF Title
Transit Habitat Layout: Floor 1
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Transit Habitat Layout: Floor 2
Radiation Shielded Room
Radiation Shielded Room•Protects against Solar Particle Event•Does not protect against Galactic Cosmic Radiation
•Arial Density: 9 g/cm2
•Food supplies also have minor shielding (1.2 g/cm2)
•Crew A: 8 crew members share 4 bedrooms
•Crews 1 -7: Each crew member will have his/her own bedroom
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Cancer Risk from Radiaiton
Percent Chance Increase of Fatal Cancer Crew A Crews 1-7
Source and Conditions Man Woman Man WomanGCR With Shielding 0.92 1.62 0.46 0.81GCR Without Shielding 1.70 2.97 0.85 1.49SPE Without Shielding 9.10 15.93 9.10 15.93SPE With Shielding 0.18 0.32 0.18 0.32
GCR: Galactic Cosmic RadiationSPE: Solar Particle Event
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Launch, Landing, & Rover Space Suit Configuration
Earth Emergency O2
G-Suit Parachute Water Survival
Gear
Mass: 40 kgVolume: 0.15 m3
Energy: 30 W
Mars Emergency O2
G-Suit (launch/landing)
Mass: 15 kgVolume: 0.10 m3
Energy: 30 W
Main Features: Modular design with replaceable segments Front diagonal zipper for self ingress/egress Nominal pressure of 8 PSI Nominal operating time is 120 minutes Picture by Stephanie Johnston
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EVA Space Suit Configuration
Main Features: Additional thermal and debris protection
(arms, legs, and chest) Portable life support system (PLSS):
Drinking H2O, O2, CO2 scrubbers, and cooling system
Nominal pressure of 8 PSI Nominal operating time is 240 minutes
Picture by Stephanie Johnston
Specifications Mass*: 70 kg Volume: 0.20 m3
Energy: 50 W
*Note: Mass of PLSS is 20 kg
Why not the MIT Bio Suit? Uses lines of non-extension to
create a mechanical counter pressure suit.› Problem: Suits have to fit
perfectly (must be individually made).
› Problem: Suits are not modular so they cannot be modified for a second person.
Thermal protection, extra layers for dust/rock protection, and other life support issues have not been addressed yet.
Our crew will be relying on rovers most EVAs.
Image Copyright of 2005 Volker Steger / Science Photo Library
Image from 2008 Silver BioSuit™ Mock-up
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Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)
Humidity
Condensate
Drinking /Hygiene Water
Crew Systems Food
Water Recovery
Air Revitalization
Waste
Meal P
repar
ation
Wat
er
Urine /Hygiene Waste
Water
Recovere
d Waste
Water
Meal Pre
paratio
n
Waste
Water for Oxygen
Generation
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Mass of ECLSS Water Recovery System
› Transit Total Mass Consumed= 6403.2 kg› Recovery Percentage=85%› Total Mass of Life Support System=1906.4 kg
Air Revitalization Subsystem› Transit Total Mass Consumed= 1440 kg› Recovery Percentage=95%› Total Mass of Life Support System=1013.8 kg
Waste Handling and Processing› Total Mass=463 kg
Total Mass of ECLSS= 3.14tTotal Power of ECLSS= 6.4 kWTotal Volume of ECLSS= 13.64
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Exercise Equipment
Cycle Ergometer› Aerobic and Cardiovascular
Resistance Exercise Device› Protects against skeletal muscle mass and
functionMass [kg] Power [kw] Volume [m3]
Cycle Ergometer
28 0.2 0.19
Resistance Exercise Device
272 0.3 0.19
Total 300 0.5 0.38
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Gravitational Forces on Humans Artificial Gravity (Rotational Forces)
› Ideal range for long duration: 1-4 rpm› Spin-up maneuvers: ~23 rpm, < 60 minutes› Maximum: ~60 rpm, < 1 minute
› Gravity gradient is ~9% from head to toe› Coriolis effect is negligible
Re-Entry Forces› Ideal sustained: ±4 gx, ±1gy, ±0.5 gz› Impacts < 1 second: ±20 gx, ±20 gy, ±15 gz
Drawings by Stephanie Johnston Return to HF Titl
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HF Charts….
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Waste Calculations Waste after 180 Days
# of People and Days ==> 8 180 Mass Units Volume Units Mass [kg] Volume [m3]Waste Food 1.82kg/p/d 0.008m3/p/d 2620.8 11.52WCS Supplies 0.05kg/p/d 0.0013m3/p/d 72 1.872Collection bags 0.23kg/p/d 0.0008m3/p/d 331.2 1.152Hygiene Consumables 0.075kg/p/d 0.0015m3/p/d 108 2.16Disposable Wipes 0.025kg/p/d 0.0005m3/p/d 36 0.72Trash Bags 0.05kg/p/d 0.001m3/p/d 72 1.44Used Tape 0.041kg/p/d 0.0002m3/p/d 59.04 0.288Medical Consumables 83.33333kg 0.41667m3 83.33 0.42Water* 4.1kg/p/d 5904 5.91Air (180 days) 232
TOTAL 9518.4 25.5*Water 4.1 kg/p/d came from 15% waste water a day assuming crew uses 27.6 kg/p/d of water, this does not include a 40 day buffer where no water is recycled which is acting as a buffer for Crew A return mass/volume
Calculations and Table by Stephanie Johnston Return to HF Title
Lights & Thermal Protection Calcs
Lights
Mass [kg] Volume [m^3] Power [W]
22 Units (1 Hab) 74.8 0.246539 660
Thermal Protection/System
Mass (kg) Volume (m^3) Power (W)
Heating 63.72 0.02 49,020Cooling 280.8 0.1 258.58
Total +30% 447.876 0.156 64062.154
Calculations by Joubert Lucas; Table by Stephanie Johnston Return to HF Title
Radiation CalculationsCrew Transit Missions
Surface Area (m^2) Thickness (m)Arial Density
(g/cm^2)Weight (kg) (includes
30% Buffer)Volume (m^3) (based on 30%
buffered weight)2.25 X 2 X 2m room 36.74 0.09 9.00 4298.71 4.48
Crew A Food 51.24 0.02 1.60 1065.89 1.11Crew 1 Food 32.28 0.02 1.60 671.47 0.70
Cargo Missions (to protect food from radiation)
Surface Area (m^2) Thickness (m)Arial Density
(g/cm^2)Weight (kg) (includes
30% Buffer)Volume (m^3) (based on 30%
buffered weight)Cargo A 76.76 0.02 1.60 1596.63 1.66Cargo 1 90.31 0.02 1.60 1878.55 1.96Cargo 2 129.65 0.02 1.60 2696.76 2.81Cargo 3 158.28 0.02 1.60 3292.17 3.43 Cargo 4 172.52 0.02 1.60 3588.33 3.74Cargo 5 179.42 0.02 1.60 3731.89 3.89 Cargo 6 157.37 0.02 1.60 3273.22 3.41Cargo 7 109.77 0.02 1.60 2283.28 2.38
Cargo 8 (and after) 49.03 0.02 1.60 1019.83 1.06*Assuming food (dehydrated, etc) is stored in cubed boxes**Used polyethylene, which has a density of 0.96 g/cm^3
Research by Joubert Lucas; Table by Stephanie Johnston Return to HF Title
Water CalculationsReference Requirement
[kg/p/d]
Water (Rapp 2008) 27.6
Crew A Mission Transit Descent/Ascent Living on Mars Estimated Days 360 40 550Mass Total H20 Consumption kg 79488 8832 121440Percent H20 Recovered % 85 85Mass H20 Needed to Bring with kg 11923.2 18216Total Transit Mass of H20 to Mars kg 20755.2Total Transit Volume of H20 to Mars m3 20.8*Divide kg water by 998.2 for m^3Total Cargo (Surface) Mass of H20 kg 18216.0Total Cargo (Surface) Volume of H20 m3 18.2*Assuming H20 is gathered In-Situ
Crew 1 Mission Transit to Mars Descent Living on Mars Estimated Days 180 20 550Mass Total H20 Consumption kg 39744 4416 121440Percent H20 Recovered % 85 85Mass H20 Needed (Back-Up) kg 5961.6 18216Total Transit Mass kg 10377.6Total Transit Volume m3 10.4Total Cargo (Surface) Mass kg 18216.0Total Cargo (Surface) Volume m3 18.2*Assuming H20 is gathered In-Situ
By Stephanie Johnston
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Oxygen Consumption CalculationsEstimated Consumption
Reference Requirement (kg/day)Oxygen(Rapp 2008) 1
Crew Mission A: Crew Size 8
Crew A Mission Transit Recycled Days Not Recycled Living on Mars Estimated Days 360 40 550MT kg 2880 320 4400Rp % 95 95MB kg 144 220Total Transit Mass of 02 kg 464.0Total Transit Volume of 02 m3 Density [kg/m^3] 1140.99Total Cargo (Surface) Mass of 02 kg 220.0Total Cargo (Surface) Volume of 02 m3 *Assuming O2 is gathered In-Situ
Crew Mission 1: Crew Size 8
Crew 1 Mission Transit Recycled Days Not Recycled Living on Mars Estimated Days 180 20 800MT kg 1440 160 6400Rp % 95 95MB kg 72 320Total Transit Mass of 02 kg 232.0Total Transit Volume of 02 m3 Total Cargo (Surface) Mass of 02 kg 320.0Total Cargo (Surface) Volume of 02 m3
By Stephanie Johnston
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Breathing Air +TanksTank O2: Crew A
Days Crew Size Efficency Mb [kg] # of Tanks Radius [m] Length [m] Volume[m^3] Total Mass [kg]360 8 85 432 9 0.6 2 28.5003 448.27640 8 0 320 7 0.5 2.2 15.7605 331.51847 8 0 8.4 1 0.1 0.5 0.0199 8.5611
Crew 1 Days Crew Size Efficency Mb [kg] # of Tanks Radius [m] Length [m] Volume[m^3] Total Mass [kg]180 8 85 216 4 0.6 2.2 13.5716 230.673920 8 0 160 3 0.6 2.2 10.1787 174.0702
Tank N2: Crew A Days Crew Size # of Tanks Radius [m] Length [m] Volume[m^3] Total Mass [kg] 360 8 2 0.5 2.5 4.9742 411.724 40 8 1 0.1 0.1 0.0073 19.4068 7 8 1 0.1 0.1 0.0073 19.4068
Crew 1 Days Crew Size Mb [kg] # of Tanks Radius [m] Length [m] Volume[m^3] Total Mass [kg] 180 8 18.72 1 0.5 2.5 2.4871 238.0567 20 8 2.08 1 0.1 0.1 0.0073 19.4068
Summary of Tank Mass/Volume:
Mass [kg]
Volume [m^3]
O2+ N2 for Crew A Transit 1210.93 49.24O2+ N2 for Crew 1 Transit 662.21 26.24O2+ N2 for Crew Capsule 27.97 0.0272
By Ashley Davis and Stephanie Johnston Return to HF Titl
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Food/Plant Growth
Food Dry Food Consumed Earth foodEmergency FoodGreenhouse + Supplies Food Savings% Savings Subtotal
Food Dry Food Consumed Earth foodEmergency FoodGreenhouse + Supplies Food Savings% Savings Subtotal
First Cargo Second Cargo Third Cargo Fourth Cargo 8 800 16 800 24 800 32 800
Mass [kg]
Volume [m3]
Mass [kg]
Volume [m3]
Mass [kg]
Volume [m3]
Mass [kg]
Volume [m3]
14720.0 51.2 29440.0 102.4 44160.0 153.6 58880.0 204.815278.9 53.1 27199.8 94.6 35762.7 124.4 40967.6 142.5
1511.1 5.3 1679.0 5.8 3190.1 11.1 3358.0 11.711000.0 50.0 21000.0 80.0 11000.0 50.0 21000.0 80.0
10.0 0.0 4721.2 16.4 11447.2 39.7 22874.4 79.40.0 0.0 8.6 8.3 18.6 17.6 25.9 25.3
27790 108.4 49878.8 180.448 49952.8 185.488 65325.6 234.176
Fifth Cargo Sixth Cargo Seventh Cargo 8th, 9th, 10th…Etc40 800 48 800 56 800 56 800
Mass [kg]
Volume [m3]
Mass [kg]
Volume [m3] Mass [kg]
Volume [m3] Mass [kg]
Volume [m3]
73600.0 256.0 88320.0 307.2 103040.0 358.4 103040.0 358.441975.0 146.0 32236.8 112.1 14103.6 49.1 0.0 0.0
5037.0 17.5 6380.2 22.2 8395.0 29.2 6720.0 23.411000.0 50.0 21000.0 80.0 11000.0 50.0 6000.0 30.036988.0 128.5 62183.0 216.1 95101.4 330.5 110880.0 385.4
38.9 37.6 51.1 50.2 74.0 72.0 89.7 87.858012 213.52 59617 214.32 33498.6 128.256 12720 53.36
Calculations by Lisa Kurtzhals and Spreadsheet by Stephanie Johnston Return to HF Title