eating disorders - weebly · severe disturbances in eating habits. eating disorders are serious...
TRANSCRIPT
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EATING DISORDERS
By Briana Vittorini
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OVERVIEW ¢ What is an eating disorder?
¢ Important facts
¢ The SHOCKING truth
¢ The most common forms
¢ Beliefs about eating disorders
¢ Prevalence vs. Funding
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OVERVIEW ¢ Specific eating disorders- what are they,
what are the symptoms and warning signs, and what are the health consequences.
¢ Diversity
¢ Contributing factors
¢ “Special Issues”
¢ Treatment
¢ Counseling tips
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WHAT IS AN EATING DISORDER?
¢ Dictionary Definition: eating disorder (noun) ¢ any of various disorders, as anorexia
nervosa or bulimia, characterized by severe disturbances in eating habits.
Eating disorders are serious emotional and physical problems that can have life-threatening consequences for females and males.
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WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON FORMS?
¢ Anorexia Nervosa potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.
¢ Bulimia Nervosa potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating.
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WHAT ARE THE COMMON FORMS?
¢ Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a type of eating disorder that is characterized by recurrent binge eating without the regular use of compensatory measures to counter the binge eating.
¢ Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
can include any combination of signs and symptoms typical of anorexia and bulimia, so it may be helpful to first look at anorexia and bulimia.
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BODIES OF EATING DISORDERS
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GIVE ME THE FACTS
¢ The rate of development of new cases of eating disorders has been increasing since 1950.
¢ There has been a rise in incidence of anorexia in young women 15-19 in each decade since 1930
¢ The incidence of bulimia in 10-39 year old women TRIPLED between 1988 and 1993
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PREVALENCE VS. FUNDING
¢ Despite the prevalence of eating disorders, they continue to receive inadequate research funding.
Illness Prevalence NIH Research Funds
Alzheimer’s Disease 5.1 million $450,000,000
Autism 3.6 million $160,000,000 Schizophrenia 3.4 million $276,000,000
Eating disorders 30 million $28,000,000
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WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT EATING DISORDERS? ¢ 82% percent of respondents
believe that eating disorders are a physical or mental illness and should be treated as such, with just 12% believing they are related to vanity.
¢ 85% of the respondents believe that eating disorders deserve coverage by insurance companies just like any other illness.
¢ 86% favor schools providing information about eating disorders to students and parents.
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WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT EATING DISORDERS? ¢ 80% believe conducting
more research on the causes and most effective treatments would reduce or prevent eating disorders
¢ 70% believe encouraging the media and advertisers to use more average sized people in their advertising campaigns would reduce or prevent eating disorders
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THE SHOCKING TRUTH ¢ 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want
to be thinner ¢ In elementary school fewer than
25% of girls diet regularly. Yet those who do know what dieting involves and can talk about calorie restriction and food choices for weight loss fairly
¢ 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat
¢ Over one-half of teenage girls and nearly one-third of teenage boys use unhealthy weight control behaviors such as skipping meals, fasting, smoking cigarettes, vomiting, and taking laxatives.
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THE SHOCKING TRUTH ¢ 35-57% of adolescent girls engage in
crash dieting, fasting, self-induced vomiting, diet pills, or laxatives. Overweight girls are more likely than normal weight girls to engage in such extreme dieting.
¢ The average American woman is 5’4” tall and weighs 165 pounds. The average Miss America winner is 5’7” and weighs 121 pounds
¢ The average BMI of Miss America winners has decreased from around 22 in the 1920s to 16.9 in the 2000s. The World Health Organization classifies a normal BMI as falling between 18.5 and 24.9
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ANOREXIA NERVOSA ¢ About Anorexia Nervosa
� Approximately 90-95% of anorexia nervosa sufferers are girls and women.
� Between 0.5–1% of American women suffer from anorexia nervosa.
¢ Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa � Resistance to maintaining body weight at or above a
minimally normal weight for age and height. � Intense fear of weight gain or being “fat,” even though
underweight.
¢ Healthy Consequences � Reduction of bone density (osteoporosis), which results
in dry, brittle bones. � Muscle loss and weakness. � Severe dehydration, which can result in kidney failure.
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BULIMIA NERVOSA ¢ About Bulimia Nervosa
� Bulimia nervosa affects 1-2% of adolescent and young adult women.
� Approximately 80% of bulimia nervosa patients are female.
¢ Symptoms
� Regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse, fasting, and/or obsessive or compulsive exercise.
¢ Warning Signs of Bulimia Nervosa
� Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time or finding wrappers and containers indicating the consumption of large amounts of food.
� Unusual swelling of the cheeks or jaw area
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BULIMIA NERVOSA
¢ Health Consequences of Bulimia Nervosa � Bulimia nervosa can be extremely harmful to the
body. The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles can damage the entire digestive system and purging behaviors can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions.
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BINGE EATING DISORDER ¢ About Binge Eating Disorder
� The prevalence of BED is estimated to be approximately 1-5% of the general population.
� Binge eating disorder affects women slightly more often than men--estimates indicate that about 60% of people struggling with binge eating disorder are female, 40% are male.
¢ Symptoms � Frequent episodes of eating large
quantities of food in short periods of time.
¢ Health Consequences of Binge Eating Disorder � The health risks of BED are most
commonly those associated with clinical obesity.
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EATING DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
¢ Examples of EDNOS: � Menstruation is still occurring despite
meeting all other criteria for anorexia nervosa.
� All conditions are present to qualify for anorexia nervosa except the individual's current weight is in the normal range or above.
� Purging or other compensatory behaviors are not occurring at a frequency less than the strict criteria for bulimia nervosa.
� Purging without Binging—sometimes known as purging disorder.
� Chewing and spitting out large amounts of food but not swallowing.
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DIVERSITY: IT CAN HAPPEN TO ANYONE ¢ Eating disorders were once thought to affect only
a narrow portion of the population in the teens and early twenties, but we now know that they affect people of every age, race, gender and socio-economic status.
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RESEARCH RESULTS ON EATING DISORDERS IN MINORITY POPULATIONS
¢ A January 2010 Essence survey found that: � 71.5% of respondents reported
being preoccupied with the desire to be thinner
� 71.5% reported being “terrified” of being overweight
� 64.5% were preoccupied with fat on their body
� 52% reported being preoccupied with food
� 46% reported feeling guilty after eating
� 39% stated that food concerns virtually controlled their lives
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FACTORS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO EATING DISORDERS
¢ Psychological Factors
¢ Interpersonal Factors
¢ Social Factors
¢ Biological Factors
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THE “SPECIAL ISSUES” ¢ Atypical Eating Disorders
� Orthorexia: is a term coined by Steven Bratman, MD, to describe his own experience with food and eating.
� Diabulimia: Not a recognized medical diagnosis, diabulimia refers to the condition in which an individual with an eating disorder, who also has diabetes, manipulates insulin levels to manage weight.
¢ Pregnancy and Eating Disorders
¢ Trauma and Eating Disorders
¢ Substance abuse and Eating Disorders
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TREATMENT ¢ The most effective and long-lasting treatment for an
eating disorder is some form of psychotherapy or counseling, coupled with careful attention to medical and nutritional needs.
¢ Some medications have also been shown to be helpful.
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HOW TO COUNSEL A PATIENT WITH AN EATING DISORDER ¢ Body Image: Counseling
for Patients With Eating Disorders
¢ Focus on the positive
¢ Use role playing
¢ Teach body-image management techniques
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BODY IMAGE ¢ Maintaining active
body-image management techniques can help patients recover from poor body-image issues.
¢ Staying in the company of people who make them feel good and establishing objective coping criteria are both extremely helpful in the recovery process.
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PREVENTION ¢ Prevention is any systematic
attempt to change the circumstances that promote, initiate, sustain, or intensify problems like eating disorders.
¢ This may involve: � Reducing negative risk factors � Increasing protective factors
¢ Prevention is important to reduce the suffering associated with eating disorders.
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PREVENTION ¢ At least two types of audiences
may be the target of eating disorders prevention:
¢ Universal prevention
¢ Targeted prevention
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BREAK THE CYCLE!
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QUESTIONS? COMMENTS?
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ¢ National Eating Disorder Association-https://
www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/ ¢ All images: googleimages.com ¢ Rader Programs- http://www.eating-disorders-
treatment.com/?_kk=eating%20disorder%20treatment&_kt=fab38909-3188-459f-8a7a-d252c8317331&gclid=CJ7wjeC877QCFQyk4AodkxMADw