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Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal:
1995-2014 Review
Ahmed Mandil, Fiona Curlet, Hatem Nour El-Din,
Nadia Abu-Saleh, Mohamed Soliman
“Research on Research” in the Arab Region
The Case of Non-Communicable Diseases
AUB, Beirut, Lebanon, 20 January, 2017
Headlines
• WHO/EMRO
• Review objectives
• Review methods
• Outcomes
• Conclusion & recommendations
EMHJ, 1995-2014 2
WHO/EMRO Departments
• Non-communicable Diseases & Mental
Health (NMH)
• Information, Evidence & Research (IER)
• Health Systems Development (HSD)
• Communicable Diseases Control (DCD)
• Health Protection & Promotion (DHP)
• WHO Health Emergencies (WHE)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 3
IER teams
• Research Development & Innovation (RDI)
• Knowledge, Languages & Publications
(KLP)
• Health Information & Statistics (HIS)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 4
Research Development & Innovation (RDI)
Units / Areas of Work
• Research Promotion & Development
(RPD), including Tropical Disease
Research (TDR)
• Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
(EMHJ)
• Innovation & E-Health (IEH), including
mHealth
EMHJ, 1995-2014 5
Research Promotion & Development (RPD) 1
• Secretariat of:
– Advisory Committee for Health Research (ACHR)
– Research Ethics Committee (ERC): for ethical review of
WHO-funded research on human subjects (HQ, EMR)
• Coordination of WHO Research Grants in EMR:
– EM Research in Priority Areas of Public Health (RPPH)
– Improving Program Implementation through Embedded
Research (iPIER) in collaboration with the Alliance for
Health Policy & Systems Research
– Tropical Disease Research (TDR) Small Grant Scheme
(SGS) Grants in collaboration with TDR/HQ
EMHJ, 1995-2014 6
Research Policy & Development (RPD) 2
• Secretariat of the EM WHO-Collaborating
Centers: currently have 44 designated CCs
• Capacity building in good health research
methods & ethics, guideline development /
adaptation, policy briefs development
• EMR health research mapping (input-output)
• Support for the Evidence-Informed-Policy-
Network (EVIPNet) and bioethics in the EMR
EMHJ, 1995-2014 7
Innovation & eHealth (IEH)
• General goal: support innovation & development of technology, including e-Health and biotechnology solutions that lead to improving the performance of health systems and population health outcomes
• Priorities: – Promote sustainable eHealth solutions by
promoting national eHealth strategies
– Support member states in establishment of reliable and operational national health networks (HealthNet)
– Support member states in designing and implementing eHealth applications and services
(HMIS, Telemedicine, mHealth, eSurveillance, eLearning)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 8
EMHJ BACKGROUND
EMHJ, 1995-2014 9
EMHJ: Background
The Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
(EMHJ) is the flagship health periodical of
WHO/EMRO. It was established in 1995
(now into its 23rd year) to provide a peer-
reviewed platform for EMR public health
researchers to share their research work
with the scientific community.
EMHJ, 1995-2014 10
EMHJ: Governance & People
EMHJ has:
• A regional editorial board of 8 members
• An international advisory panel (14 members)
• A global group of peer-reviewers (400+
reviewers)
• An in-house editorial office (4)
• Support of external editors (4 E / 1 F) /
translators (2 A / F)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 11
EMHJ Editorial Board
• Dr Ala Alwan, Editor-in-chief
• Dr Zulfiqar Bhutta
• Dr Mahmoud Fahmy Fathalla
• Dr Arash Rashidian
• Dr Rita Giacaman
• Dr Ahmed Mandil
• Dr Ziad Memish
• Dr Sameen Siddiqi
• Dr Huda Zurayk
EMHJ, 1995-2014
12
EMHJ International Advisory Panel
• Dr Mansour M. Al-Nozha
• Dr Fereidoun Azizi
• Dr Rafik Boukhris
• Dr Majid Ezzati
• Dr Zuhair Hallaj
• Dr Hans V. Hogerrrrzeil
• Dr Mohamed A. Ghoneim
• Dr Alan Lopez
• Dr Hossein Malekafzali
• Dr El-Sheikh Mahgoub
• Dr Hooman Momen
• Dr Sania Nishtar
• Dr Hikmat Shaarbaf
• Dr Salman Rawaf
EMHJ, 1995-2014 13
EMHJ Editorial Office
• Mr Phillip Dingwall, Managing Editor
• Ms Nadia Abu-Saleh
• Ms Iman Fawzi
• Ms Yasmeen Sedky
EMHJ, 1995-2014 14
EMHJ, 1995-2014 15
EMHJ, 1995-2014 16
EMHJ IN REVIEW (1995-2014)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 17
Objectives
The EMHJ review had 2 objectives:
• To examine public health research (PHR)
trends in the EMR as reflected by EMHJ
publications in 20 years (1995-2014)
• To give some insight to future PHR in the
Region
EMHJ, 1995-2014 18
Methods
• Using a secondary data analysis approach, this review covered published articles over 20 years: 1995 - 2014; was conducted by WHO staff with the “Research Development & Innovation” and “Knowledge Sharing & Production” teams.
• The main data source was the EMHJ section of the Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR).
• According to the Strategic Health Priority Areas (SHPA), published articles were sub-classified according to a specially-compiled: “Subject Classification Scheme”
EMHJ, 1995-2014 19
WHO Index Medicus for the
Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 20
• Content: includes more than
157,000 bibliographic citations
of health and biomedical
sciences literature published in
598 peer-reviewed journals
from 20 countries from the
Region.
• Coverage: 1966 to present
• Updated: Online version
updated continuously
• Access to full text: Links to
online full text are provided,
whenever available
IMEMR Metadata Element Set
• Title
• Creator
• First author affiliation
• Publication Date
• Language
• Publication Type
• Major Subject (MeSH)
• WHO Five Strategic Health Priority Areas (SHPA)
• Geographic Descriptors “Country of Research” The
geographical term “Eastern Mediterranean” was used in case
the research covered more than one country in the Region”
EMHJ, 1995-2014 21
WHO Strategic Health Priority Areas (SHPA)
• Health system development (HSD)
• Non-communicable disease prevention and
control (NCD)
• Communicable disease prevention and
control (DCD)
• Emergency preparedness and response
(EPR)
• Reproductive, maternal, child, adolescent
health & nutrition (RMCHN).
EMHJ, 1995-2014 22
WHO/IER/KSP SHPA Subject Classification Scheme 1
Health System Strengthening (HSS) – Community Health
– Essential Medicines
– Health and Biomedical Devices
– Health Economics
– Health Financing
– Health Manpower
– Health Planning
– Health Policy
– Hospital Care
– Midwifery
– Nursing
– Patient Safety
– Pharmaceutical Policies
– Professional Education
– Epidemiology
– Human Rights
– Health Research
– Health Surveys
– Statistics
EMHJ, 1995-2014 23
Maternal, Reproductive and Child Health and Nutrition (MCRHN)
– Adolescent Health
– Child Health
– Gender Issues
– Health Education
– Health Protection and Promotion
– Human Rights
– Maternal Health
– Nutrition
– Reproductive Health
– Social Determinants
– Violence
– Women's Health
– Epidemiology
– Health Research
– Health Surveys
– Statistics
WHO/IER/KSP SHPA Subject Classification Scheme 2
Non-communicable Diseases (NCD)
– Alzheimer Disease
– Cancer
– Cardiovascular Diseases
– Diabetes
– Epilepsy
– Hypertension
– Mental Health
– Smoking
– Substance Abuse
– Tobacco
– Oral Health
– Hearing Loss
– Disability and Rehabilitation
– Health of the Elderly
– Wounds and Injuries
– Blindness
– Physical Activity
– Epidemiology
– Human Rights
– Health Research
– Health Surveys
– Statistics
– Food Safety
EMHJ, 1995-2014 24
Communicable Disease Control (CDC)
– Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS
– Blood Safety
– Epidemic Diseases
– Epidemiology
– Health Regulations
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus - HIV
– Immunization
– Laboratories
– Malaria
– Pandemic Diseases
– Poliomyelitis
– Sexually Transmitted Diseases - STD
– Tropical Diseases
– Tuberculosis
– Vaccines
– Zoonoses
– Cholera
– Leprosy
– Measles
– Rubella
– Lymphatic Filariasis
– Human Rights
– Health Research
– Health Surveys
– Statistics
– Ebola
WHO/IER/KSP SHPA Subject Classification Scheme 3
Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR)
– Accident Prevention
– Disasters
– Emergency Preparedness
– Road Safety
– Epidemiology
– Human Rights
– Health Research
– Health Surveys
– Statistics
EMHJ, 1995-2014 25
RESULTS
EMHJ, 1995-2014 26
EMHJ Articles (1995-2014)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 27
EMHJ articles Total no. of articles EMR
Countries
Non-EMR
Countries
Distribution of EMHJ articles per country
of research
2704 2097 607
Distribution of EMHJ articles as related to
the WHO Strategic Health Priority Area
(SHPA)
2521
(93 %)
1964
(94 %)
557
(92 %)
Text Language Total (n=2704)
Arabic 57 (2 %)
English 2542 (94 %)
French 105 (4 %)
Articles by Number of Authors,
EMHJ, 1995-2014
EMHJ, 1995-2014 28
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 17
512 498 504
442
399
179
106
41
15 2 3 2 1
Articles by Country of 1st Author,
EMHJ, 1995-2014
EMHJ, 1995-2014 29
499
450
247
173 159
137
77 62 58 56 53 51 49 48 43
26 22 6
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Articles by Country of Research,
EMHJ, 1995-2014 (n = 2704)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 30
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450414
264
221
180
134 118 116
87 68 61 59 59 58 51 44 37 32 31 25 19 11 6 2
Articles indexed in IMEMR, by EMR country
of research, 1995-2014 (n = 11724)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 31
Articles indexed in PubMed, by EMR
country of research, 1995-2014 (n = 25044)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 32
Articles by Strategic Health Priority Areas
(SHPA), EMHJ, 1995-2014
EMHJ, 1995-2014 33
19.01%
18.71%
17.83%
16.01%
1.07%
Communicable Diseases
Noncommunicable Diseases
Health System Strengthening
Maternal, Reproductive and Child Health and Nutrition
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Trends of Published Articles by SHPA and 5-year
interval, EMHJ, 1995-2014
EMHJ, 1995-2014 34
60
6
90
71 66
167
4
136
164
124
180
10
197 189
197
248
17
209 213
173
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Communicable Diseases Emergency Preparednessand Response
Health SystemStrengthening
NoncommunicableDiseases
Maternal, Reproductiveand Child Health and
Nutrition
1995-1999
2000-2004
2005-2009
2010-2014
Published articles by SHPA in EMR countries
compared with other countries, EMHJ, 1995-2014
EMHJ, 1995-2014 35
514
29
482
433
506
141
8
150
127 131
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Communicable Diseases Emergency Preparedness andResponse
Health System Strengthening Maternal, Reproductive andChild Health and Nutrition
Noncommunicable Diseases
EMR Countries
Other Countries
Published Articles by EMR Country of research
on WHO SHPA, EMHJ, 1995-2014
EMHJ, 1995-2014 36
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
399
247
206
148 131
114 114
80 65
57 56 56 54 48 43 31 28 25 25 18 11 6 2
Published articles related to Non-communicable Diseases, by
country of research, EMHJ (1995-2014); n = 506
EMHJ, 1995-2014 37
96
77
64
35 33
25 20 19 18 17 15 13 13 13 11 10 9 9
4 3 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Published articles related to Communicable Diseases,
by country of research, EMHJ (1995-2014); n = 514
EMHJ, 1995-2014 38
119
78
42 39
32 31 31 27
20 19
12 11 10 9 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Published articles related to Health System Strengthening
by country of research, EMHJ (1995-2014); n = 482
EMHJ, 1995-2014 39
85
57
46 46
36 34
22 21 19 18
15 12 12
10 9 9 9 6 6 5
2 2 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Published articles related to Reproductive, Child Health and Nutrition, by
country of research EMHJ (1995-2014); n = 433
EMHJ, 1995-2014 40
92
59
43
35 34 30
19 19 17
11 10 9 9 9 9 6 5 5 5 5
1 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Published articles related to Emergency Preparedness,
by country of research, EMHJ (1995-2014); n = 29
EMHJ, 1995-2014 41
7 7
5 5
2
1 1 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Islamic Republic ofIran
Saudi Arabia Pakistan EasternMediterranean
Bahrain Lebanon Morocco Yemen
Conclusion • Half EMHJ publications during 1995-2014 came
from 4 countries only (Iran, Egypt, KSA, Jordan).
This calls for further study to evaluate why other 18
EMR nations are less well represented and how to
encourage greater contributions from them (?
publishing elsewhere)
• While almost equal publications were on CD, NCD,
HSD, RMCHN (22-26 %), much more research /
publications are needed in the very vital EMR field of
EPR (? published elsewhere)
• Encourage top EMR scientists to publish in the
EMHJ (comparing with PubMed / IMEMR)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 42
Acknowledgements
• Editors-in-Chief: Haytham Khayat (1995-
2011), Ala Alwan (2011-2017)
• Executive Editors: Abdel Moneim Ali
(1995-2003); Ahmed Ezzat Abdou (2003-
2008); Mohammad Afzal (2009-2011)
• Editorial Board(s)
• International Advisory Panel(s)
EMHJ, 1995-2014 43
Thank you
EMHJ, 1995-2014 44