eastern crop conference jan 18, 2016
TRANSCRIPT
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Evaluation of a One-Pass, Full NPK Spring
Strip-Till System
Ben Rosser OMAFRA Corn Industry Program Lead
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Shift Away from Full Tillage
Conventional No-Till
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Tillage Compromise?
- Tillage benefit in corn rows? - No-till/residue cover between rows
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Source: T.J. Vyn, 1997, University of Guelph
Trans-Till
Ontario Strip-Till Research
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Ontario Strip-Till Research
Tillage following wheat, straw baled, 1994-1997
Source: T.J. Vyn, 1997, University of Guelph
29.8 25.6
23.3
0
40
Soil Moisture
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)
No-TillFall Strip-TillFall Moldboard
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Ontario Strip-Till Research
149 135
159 147
0
50
100
150
200
Fine-Textured Soil Medium Texture Soil
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
)
No-Till
Fall Strip-Till
Fall Moldboard
Tillage following wheat, straw baled, 1994-1997
Source: T.J. Vyn, 1997, University of Guelph
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Ontario Strip-Till Research
149 135
159 139
159 147
0
50
100
150
200
Fine-Textured Soil Medium Texture Soil
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
)
No-Till
Fall Strip-Till
Fall Moldboard
Tillage following wheat, straw baled, 1994-1997
Source: T.J. Vyn, 1997, University of Guelph
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Limited Uptake of Strip-Till
Downfalls: Nitrogen – must become side-dresser? GPS Guidance – ideal to ensure rows stay on the strips P and K Management – incorporate all in strips?
John Deere
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Integrate Technologies to
Improve Adoption?
John Deere
J and J Bagging
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Integrate Technologies to
Improve Adoption? “One-Pass Spring Strip-Till”
John Deere
J and J Bagging
=? Spring Strip Tillage
Autoguidance
All NPK
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Research Questions: 1. P&K Place- ST vs. Planter? 2. Safety ESN vs. Urea? 3. Safety ESN Strip vs. SD? 4. NT vs. ST?
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Research Questions: 1. P&K Place- ST vs. Planter? 2. Safety ESN vs. Urea? 3. Safety ESN Strip vs. SD? 4. NT vs. ST?
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Research Questions: 1. P&K Place- ST vs. Planter? 2. Safety ESN vs. Urea? 3. Safety ESN Strip vs. SD? 4. NT vs. ST?
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Research Questions: 1. P&K Place- ST vs. Planter? 2. Safety ESN vs. Urea? 3. Safety ESN Strip vs. SD? 4. NT vs. ST?
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Strip Tiller Setup
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Strip Tiller Setup
Dawn Pluribus Coulter Strip Tiller
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Strip Tiller Setup
Dawn Pluribus Coulter Strip Tiller
Yetter Caddy + Gandy Orbit-Air
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Strip Tiller Setup
Dawn Pluribus Coulter Strip Tiller
Yetter Caddy + Gandy Orbit-Air
RTK Autoguidance
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Strip Tiller Setup
Dawn Pluribus Coulter Strip Tiller
Yetter Caddy + Gandy Orbit-Air
RTK Autoguidance Active Implement Guidance
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Field Characteristics
- After soybeans, some wheat stubble - Medium textured soils (sandy loam to silt
loam) - Moderately to low responsive soils to P and K
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Treatments
Tillage Fertilizer Blend/Placement Fertilizer Rate Sidedress N (lb-N/ac)
Total N-P-K (lb/ac)
Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Planter 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30 Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Strip Tiller 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30
* ESN blend is 50% ESN and 50% Urea
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Treatments
Tillage Fertilizer Blend/Placement Fertilizer Rate Sidedress N (lb-N/ac)
Total N-P-K (lb/ac)
Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Planter 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30 Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Strip Tiller 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30
Strip Till "ESN Blend" via Strip Tiller 34-8-8 @ 397 lb/ac 0 135-30-30 Strip Till "Urea Blend" via Strip Tiller 35-8-8 @ 390 lb/ac 0 135-30-30
* ESN blend is 50% ESN and 50% Urea
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Treatments
Tillage Fertilizer Blend/Placement Fertilizer Rate Sidedress N (lb-N/ac)
Total N-P-K (lb/ac)
Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Planter 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30 Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Strip Tiller 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30
Strip Till "ESN Blend" via Strip Tiller 34-8-8 @ 397 lb/ac 0 135-30-30 Strip Till "Urea Blend" via Strip Tiller 35-8-8 @ 390 lb/ac 0 135-30-30
Strip Till "ESN Blend" via Strip Tiller 34-8-8 @ 470 lb/ac 0 160-38-38 Strip Till "Urea Blend" via Strip Tiller 35-8-8 @ 470 lb/ac 0 160-38-38
* ESN blend is 50% ESN and 50% Urea
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Treatments
Tillage Fertilizer Blend/Placement Fertilizer Rate Sidedress N (lb-N/ac)
Total N-P-K (lb/ac)
Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Planter 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30 Strip Till "Low N Blend" via Strip Tiller 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30
Strip Till "ESN Blend" via Strip Tiller 34-8-8 @ 397 lb/ac 0 135-30-30 Strip Till "Urea Blend" via Strip Tiller 35-8-8 @ 390 lb/ac 0 135-30-30
Strip Till "ESN Blend" via Strip Tiller 34-8-8 @ 470 lb/ac 0 160-38-38 Strip Till "Urea Blend" via Strip Tiller 35-8-8 @ 470 lb/ac 0 160-38-38
No Till "Low N Blend" via Planter 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30 Cultivated "Low N Blend" via Planter 19-19-19 @ 160 lb/ac 105 135-30-30
* ESN blend is 50% ESN and 50% Urea
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Starter Fertilizer Placement: Planter vs. Strip Tiller
Both Treatments Spring Strip-Till, N applied at Sidedress
Year Location ST Planter Response Stat. (5%)
-------- Yield (bu/ac) -------- 2014 Bornholm 149 158 +9 NS 2015 Bornholm 159 153 -6 NS 2015 Elora 180 178 -2 NS 2015 Belwood 173 174 +1 NS 2015 Woodstock 223 224 +1 NS 2015 Paris 113 123 +10 NS
*Soil test P and K ranged from MR to LR
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Safety: ESN vs. Urea
Both Treatments Spring Strip-Till, 50% ESN Blend or All Urea Blend in Strip
Year Location N Rate Urea ESN Response Stat. (5%)
lb-N/ac -------- Yield (bu/ac) -------- 2014 Bornholm 135 140 159 +19 NS 2014 Paris 135 178 183 +5 NS 2014 Bornholm 160 133 150 +17 NS
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Safety: ESN in Strip vs. Sidedress
Both Treatments Spring Strip-Till, 50% ESN Blend In Strip or Sidedress UAN
Year Location N Rate SD ESN Response Stat. (5%)
lb-N/ac -------- Yield (bu/ac) -------- 2014 Bornholm 135 149 159 +10 NS 2014 Paris 135 186 183 -3 NS 2014 Bornholm 160 154 154 0 NS
2015 STORY COMING UP…
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Tillage: Strip Till vs. No-Till
Starter Fertilizer Always on Planter, Sidedress UAN
Year Location NT ST Response Stat. (5%)
-------- Yield (bu/ac) -------- 2014 Bornholm 159 158 -1 NS 2014 Woodstock 192 192 0 NS 2014 Paris 182 186 +4 NS 2015 Elora 176 178 +2 NS 2015 Bornholm 158 153 -5 NS 2015 Woodstock 221 224 +3 NS 2015 Paris1 110 123 +13 NS
*Soils ranged from silt loam to sandy loam 1 – location suffered from drought stress, high variability
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Paris: ESN Treatment (50% ESN, 50% Urea)
135 lb-N, 30 lb-P, 30 lb-K
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Paris: ESN Treatment (50% ESN, 50% Urea)
135 lb-N, 30 lb-P, 30 lb-K
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Paris: ESN Treatment (50% ESN, 50% Urea)
135 lb-N, 30 lb-P, 30 lb-K
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Woodstock: ESN Treatment (50% ESN, 50% Urea)
160 lb-N, 40 lb-P, 40 lb-K
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2015 2014
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2015 2014
Banding Tube
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One-Pass Strip Till Plant Populations: Good Rows at Elora
31 32
30 30 30 30
0
30
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac
2X2
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac ST
ESN blend@ 397 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 390 lb/ac
ST
ESN Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Plan
t Pop
ulat
ion
('000
/ac
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One-Pass Strip Till Plant Populations: Good & Bad Rows at Elora
31 32
30 30 30 30 30
16
25
16
0
30
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac
2X2
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac ST
ESN blend@ 397 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 390 lb/ac
ST
ESN Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Plan
t Pop
ulat
ion
('000
/ac
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One-Pass Strip Till Yields: Good Rows at Elora
180 180 173 179 186
0
50
100
150
200
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac
ST
ESN blend@ 397 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 390 lb/ac
ST
ESN Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
)
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One-Pass Strip Till Yields: Good & Bad Rows at Elora
180 180 173 179 186
146
114
134 132
0
50
100
150
200
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac
ST
ESN blend@ 397 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 390 lb/ac
ST
ESN Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
)
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One-Pass Strip Till Yields: Good & Bad Rows at Elora
180 180 173 179 186
146
114
134 132
0
50
100
150
200
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac
ST
ESN blend@ 397 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 390 lb/ac
ST
ESN Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
)
-34 -45
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One-Pass Strip Till Yields: Good & Bad Rows at Elora
180 180 173 179 186
146
114
134 132
0
50
100
150
200
19-19-19 @160 lb/ac
ST
ESN blend@ 397 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 390 lb/ac
ST
ESN Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Urea Blend@ 470 lb/ac
ST
Yiel
d (b
u/ac
)
-34 -45
-58 -53
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One-Pass Strip Till Challenges: - Fertilizer injury - Red clover in spring
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One-Pass Strip Till Challenges: - Fertilizer injury in 2015 - Red clover in spring
Questions: - How do you make fertilizer safer?
- Placement? (“band” vs. mixing) - Increase ESN%? - Dry year effect?
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Contour Strip Tillage
- Till/plant perpendicular to slope - Rows act like mini dams to water flow
“Contour farming can reduce soil erosion by as much as 50% relative to up/down hill farming” USDA NRCS
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Contour Strip Tillage
Elevation Survey
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Contour Strip Tillage
Contour Elevation Map
Elevation Survey
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Contour Strip Tillage
Contour Elevation Map
Elevation Survey Contour “Prescription”
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Contour Strip Tillage
“Curve AB Line” Contour
“Prescription”
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Contour Strip Tillage ProTrakker Active Hitch
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Contour Strip Tillage ProTrakker Active Hitch
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Contour Strip Tillage ProTrakker Active Hitch
Implement Beacon
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Contour Strip Tillage
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Contour Strip Tillage Challenges: - Ground conditions on knolls - Tight turns - Repeatability of operations
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Contour Strip Tillage Challenges: - Ground conditions on knolls - Tight turns - Repeatability of operations
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Contour Strip Tillage Challenges: - Ground conditions on knolls - Tight turns - Repeatability between
operations
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Contour Strip Tillage Challenges: - Ground conditions on knolls - Tight turns - Repeatability between
operations - Field slope complexity
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Thanks
Ontario Farm Innovation Program
Research project supported by: