east africa and swahili: sea roads - ms. wilden€¦ · the swahili civilization long distance...
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East Africa and Swahili: Sea Roads
Lorien Kauffman, Selah Judge, Beatrix Brudie, Cicily Maryland
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The Swahili Civilization● Long distance trade gave rise to
the East African civilization Swahili.
● Rose in the eighth century C.E.● Was a set of commercial
city-states that stretched along the East African coast from present-day Somalia to Mozambique
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The Rise of the Swahili Civilization● Originally lived in small farming, and fishing villages.● Arabian, Greek, and Roman merchants occasionally came to trade on the coast
during the classical era.● The rich commercial life in the Indian Ocean stimulated the growth of the
Swahili civilization.● Growing demand of East African products such as gold, ivory, quartz, leopard
skins, iron, timber, and slaves created trade relationships with Arabia, Persia, and India.
● Trade market led to the formation of the civilization. A merchant class was created, villages turned to towns, and clan leaders became kings.
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Age of Development
● Around 1000 and 1500 BCE● Thriving trade● Different from the pastoral cultures nearby● Highly urban society
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Swahili Cities
● Cities were the center of civilization
● Major cities: Lamu, Mombasa, Kilwa, Sofala
● Populated with 15,000 to 18,000 people
● Like city-states: independent in government and trade
Old Town Lamu, the best preserved Swahili Settlement as it looks today.http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1055/gallery/
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Trade Systems ● Swahili Merchants brought goods from interior Africa to the coast to trade with foreign civilizations
● Main imported goods: Chinese silk and porcelain, Persian rugs, Indian cotton
● Swahili boats navigated the coast to concentrate goods
● Merchants were considered socially elitehttps://tishfarrell.com/2013/05/02/weekly-photo-challeng
e-culture-the-swahili/
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Influences in Language
● The Swahili language was grammatically an African tongue, but was written in Arabic script.
● A significant amount of grammar derives from the Arabic language through contact Arabic-speaking Muslims settlers of the coast of the Swahili civilization.
● Not only was the written form of their language in the Arabic script, but it had many Arabic loan words.
● Although the Swahili dialect is made up of borrowed languages other than Arabic, the grammar and syntax place it in the Bantu language family.
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The Islamic Divide
● Islam linked the Swahili cities to the greater world of the Indian Ocean
● An Arab scholar by the name of Ibn Battuta traveled the Swahili coast
● On his voyage he found African Muslims that were not colonies of transplanted Arabs
● “ The rulers, scholars, officials, and big merchants as well as the port workers, farmers, craftsmen, and slaves, were dark-skinned people people speaking African tongues in everyday life”
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● Swahili cities were divided because of their faith, but economically were still a part of the trading that went on around them
● Acted as an intermediary between interior producers of goods, and the Arab merchants that delivered them
● Extended almost all the way out to the Indian Sea● A great state began to rise known as Great Zimbabwe ● Gold was the main factor for the growth of Great Zimbabwe
Economic
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● At Great Zimbabwe’s height between 1250-1350 had the power to construct massive stone enclosures without mortar, with walls that were sixteen feet thick and thirty-two feet tall
● In the interior of southeast Africa is an example of the transforming power of Indian Ocean Commerce
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