Earth’s Natural Resources

Earth’s Natural Resources

Chapter 4Energy and Mineral ResourcesAlternative Energy ResourcesWind, Air, and Land ResourcesProtecting Resources

Chapter 4Energy and Mineral ResourcesAlternative Energy ResourcesWind, Air, and Land ResourcesProtecting Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources

Renewable and Nonrenewable resources. Renewable resource: replenished over a fairly short period of time.Ex’s)

Nonrenewable resources: takes millions of years to form and accumulate.Ex’s)

Renewable and Nonrenewable resources. Renewable resource: replenished over a fairly short period of time.Ex’s)

Nonrenewable resources: takes millions of years to form and accumulate.Ex’s)

Place a star on the renewables and an X on the

nonrenewables

Place a star on the renewables and an X on the

nonrenewables

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Renewable and Nonrenewable resources

Renewable and Nonrenewable resources Fossil Fuels: A hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy. Coal Oil / Petroleum Natural Gas

Fossil Fuels: A hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy. Coal Oil / Petroleum Natural Gas

CoalCoal

Passes through 4 stages of development.

Read page 95 in the text List the 4 stages of the development

of coal below.1. 2. 3. 4.

Passes through 4 stages of development.

Read page 95 in the text List the 4 stages of the development

of coal below.1. 2. 3. 4.

CoalCoal More than 70% of the coal mined today is used by powerplants to generate electricity.

Where is most of the coal located in Pa? What type of coal is located there?

Burning coal creates acid rain

More than 70% of the coal mined today is used by powerplants to generate electricity.

Where is most of the coal located in Pa? What type of coal is located there?

Burning coal creates acid rain

Petroleum and Natural Gas

Petroleum and Natural Gas

How does Petroleum and Natural Gas form? (p.96)

What prevents oil and natural gas from migrating to the surface?

Draw and label a type of structure that traps oil.

How does Petroleum and Natural Gas form? (p.96)

What prevents oil and natural gas from migrating to the surface?

Draw and label a type of structure that traps oil.

Tar SandsTar Sands

Where is most of the tar sand deposits located?

What are some drawbacks from obtaining oil from tar sands?

Where is most of the worlds oil shales?

Where is most of the tar sand deposits located?

What are some drawbacks from obtaining oil from tar sands?

Where is most of the worlds oil shales?

Formation of Mineral Deposits

Formation of Mineral Deposits

Ore - Metallic mineral that can be mined for $$$.

Some of the most important mineral deposits form through… igneous processes

As the magma cools, heavy minerals settle to the bottom

hydrothermal solutions -or- hot water solutions As the water cools metallic ion separate out of solution

placer deposits Gold is popular placer deposit!

Ore - Metallic mineral that can be mined for $$$.

Some of the most important mineral deposits form through… igneous processes

As the magma cools, heavy minerals settle to the bottom

hydrothermal solutions -or- hot water solutions As the water cools metallic ion separate out of solution

placer deposits Gold is popular placer deposit!

Nonmetallic mineral resources

Nonmetallic mineral resources

Divided into two groups Building materials Industrial minerals

Name 4 nonmetallic minerals and their uses.

Divided into two groups Building materials Industrial minerals

Name 4 nonmetallic minerals and their uses.

Alternative Energy Resources

Alternative Energy Resources

SolarNuclearWind

HydroelectricGeothermal

Tidal

SolarNuclearWind

HydroelectricGeothermal

Tidal

Using your textbook, outline each of the types of alternative energy resources on a

separate sheet of paper

Using your textbook, outline each of the types of alternative energy resources on a

separate sheet of paper• Your outline should be in the following format

1. Alternative Energy Source (e.g. Solar Energy)

• Renewable, or nonrenewable?

• Simple description of how it works to capture energy in your own words.

• Advantages

• List…

• Disadvantages

• List…

Water, Air, and Land Resources

Water, Air, and Land Resources

Nearly 71% of Earth’s surface is water! About 2% fresh water1.6% of fresh water is ice at the poles

Less than 1% of Earth’s fresh water is usable

Nearly 71% of Earth’s surface is water! About 2% fresh water1.6% of fresh water is ice at the poles

Less than 1% of Earth’s fresh water is usable

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Water PollutionWater Pollution

There are two types of water pollution1.Point source pollution

Comes from a known and specific location “You can point to it”

2.Nonpoint source pollution Does not have a specific point of origin Difficult to identify a specific source Runoff

Water that flows over the land rather than seeping into the ground

Largest source of water pollution in the United States!

There are two types of water pollution1.Point source pollution

Comes from a known and specific location “You can point to it”

2.Nonpoint source pollution Does not have a specific point of origin Difficult to identify a specific source Runoff

Water that flows over the land rather than seeping into the ground

Largest source of water pollution in the United States!

Point source or nonpoint sources of water

pollution?

Point source or nonpoint sources of water

pollution?QuickTime™ and a

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The Atmosphere - Earth’s Blanket of Air

The Atmosphere - Earth’s Blanket of Air

Chemical composition helps maintain life on earth Nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21% Trace gases - 1%

CO2

Argon

Chemical composition helps maintain life on earth Nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21% Trace gases - 1%

CO2

Argon

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Air PollutionAir Pollution

Pollution can change the chemical composition of the air disrupting natural cycles. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of air pollutionMotor vehiclesCoal and oil fired powerplants

Pollution can change the chemical composition of the air disrupting natural cycles. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of air pollutionMotor vehiclesCoal and oil fired powerplants

Burning fossil fuels releases…

Burning fossil fuels releases…

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•Carbon Monoxide

•Nitrogen Oxide

•Soot

•When they combine with water vapor in the air they create acid rain

•When they combine with sunlight smog is produced

Burning fossil fuels and Carbon Dioxide

(CO2)

Burning fossil fuels and Carbon Dioxide

(CO2) CO2 is a Greenhouse Gas Greenhouse gas traps heat from the sun

The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the industrial revolution began in the 19th century

The increase in CO2 has altered the Carbon cycle and contributed to unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere (global warming)

CO2 is a Greenhouse Gas Greenhouse gas traps heat from the sun

The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the industrial revolution began in the 19th century

The increase in CO2 has altered the Carbon cycle and contributed to unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere (global warming)

Land ResourcesLand Resources

Land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy resources. How do land resources impact your daily life?Soil - to grow the food you eatForests - to build your home, furniture, paper…

Petroleum - Energy, plastics…Minerals - makeup, coins in your pocket…

Removing and using these resources can take a heavy toll on the environment!

Land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy resources. How do land resources impact your daily life?Soil - to grow the food you eatForests - to build your home, furniture, paper…

Petroleum - Energy, plastics…Minerals - makeup, coins in your pocket…

Removing and using these resources can take a heavy toll on the environment!

Strip mines - drastically changes

the landscape

Strip mines - drastically changes

the landscape

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•Destroys vegetation

•Causes soil erosion

•Creates pollution contaminating soil and water

•Destroys ecosystems

More damage to land resources…

More damage to land resources…

Agriculture extensive irrigation systems Fertilizers Pesticides Genetically modified food

Forestry - Removal of virgin forests Eliminates diversity of plant and animal species

Landfills and waste facilities Potential to leak toxics into soil and ground water

Agriculture extensive irrigation systems Fertilizers Pesticides Genetically modified food

Forestry - Removal of virgin forests Eliminates diversity of plant and animal species

Landfills and waste facilities Potential to leak toxics into soil and ground water

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Look it up… How many plastic water bottles do we throw away each year? Year?

Day?

Hour?

Minute?

Second?

Look it up… How many plastic water bottles do we throw away each year? Year?

Day?

Hour?

Minute?

Second?

Protecting ResourcesProtecting Resources

Each year we throw out about… 30 million cell phones 8 million TV’s 18 million computers Enough tires to circle the 3 times

Enough shrink wrap to wrap the state of Texas!

We have 6% of the world’s population yet we produce 33% of the world’s garbage!

Each year we throw out about… 30 million cell phones 8 million TV’s 18 million computers Enough tires to circle the 3 times

Enough shrink wrap to wrap the state of Texas!

We have 6% of the world’s population yet we produce 33% of the world’s garbage!

How can keep ourselves in check?

How can keep ourselves in check?

Many think conservation and pollution prevention are the answers. Conservation is the careful use of resources.

Pollution prevention means stopping pollution from entering the environment.

Many think conservation and pollution prevention are the answers. Conservation is the careful use of resources.

Pollution prevention means stopping pollution from entering the environment.

At your table, come up with 10 conservation methods you can use in

your daily lives.

At your table, come up with 10 conservation methods you can use in

your daily lives.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Keeping water clean and safe

Keeping water clean and safe

1970’s Government began passing laws to prevent and decrease pollution.Clean Water Act (1972): The CWA went after industries to reduce or eliminate point sources of pollution into surface waters.

Safe Drinking Water Act (1974): helped protect drinking water resources.

1970’s Government began passing laws to prevent and decrease pollution.Clean Water Act (1972): The CWA went after industries to reduce or eliminate point sources of pollution into surface waters.

Safe Drinking Water Act (1974): helped protect drinking water resources.

Protecting the AirProtecting the Air

In 1970 congress passed the Clean Air Act. Nations most important air pollution law Because of the CAA: motor vehicles and power plants use control devices to reduce or eliminate harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion

Energy Conservation = Cleaner Air How does turning off the lights when you’re not using them decrease air pollution?

In 1970 congress passed the Clean Air Act. Nations most important air pollution law Because of the CAA: motor vehicles and power plants use control devices to reduce or eliminate harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion

Energy Conservation = Cleaner Air How does turning off the lights when you’re not using them decrease air pollution?

Caring for Land Resources

Caring for Land Resources

Preventing pollution and managing land resources wisely! Farmers

Contour plowing: plowing across a hillside reduces runoff

Use of organic fertilizers and IPM (pesitcides as a last resort)

ForestrySelective cutting rather than clear cutting: preserves habitats and conserves resources

Preventing pollution and managing land resources wisely! Farmers

Contour plowing: plowing across a hillside reduces runoff

Use of organic fertilizers and IPM (pesitcides as a last resort)

ForestrySelective cutting rather than clear cutting: preserves habitats and conserves resources

What you can do to care for the landWhat you can do to care for the land

Start a compost pile! Practice using IPM (integrated pest management)

Conserve water, and electricity

The three R’s Reduce Reuse Recycle

Start a compost pile! Practice using IPM (integrated pest management)

Conserve water, and electricity

The three R’s Reduce Reuse Recycle