earths interior andie
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
•What does the inside of the Earth look like?
![Page 2: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Determining the composition of the Earth• Scientists cannot see the interior so they
must use other ways to figure it out!• Earthquakes have many different types of
waves• These waves travel at different speeds
through solids and liquids • Some waves don’t travel at all through
solids• Measuring these waves tells us what is in the
Earth’s core and where the materials change.
![Page 3: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Earth Layers
• The Earth is divided into four main layers.
*Inner Core*Outer Core*Mantle *Crust
![Page 5: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Earth’s Crust• The crust is the thinnest layer on Earth
• There are two types of crust
• Oceanic crust – made mostly of the igneous rock basalt. Found under the ocean. Relatively thin.
• Continental crust – made mostly of granite. Found under the continents. Relatively thick.
![Page 6: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Special parts of the Crust
• Lithosphere• Crust is the upper part of the lithosphere• Broken up into large plates
• Asthenosphere• Upper part of mantle, below lithosphere • 130 – 160 km thick• Cooler part of the mantle that the
lithospheric plates slide on top of.
![Page 7: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Earth’s Mantle• Located directly above the outer core
• Starts below the crust
• Is the largest layer
• 80% of the Earth’s volume & 68% of Earth’s mass
![Page 10: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Earth’s Mantle• Composed of more iron than the crust.
• Density, pressure, and temperature all increase the deeper you go in the mantle
• Temperature ranges from 870 C – 2200 C
![Page 11: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Special layers of the mantle
• Lithosphere – crust plus the upper, solid part of the mantle. Forms plates.
• Asthenosphere – just under the lithosphere. Slow moving “Silly putty” layer on which the lithospheric plates slid. (Solid rock that flows very slowly.)
![Page 13: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Earth’s Core
The Earth’s Core• Composed of the inner and outer
core• Both are made of iron and nickel
![Page 15: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
•How do scientists know that there is a solid inner core?
![Page 16: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Earth’s Outer CoreThe Outer Core - Liquid• Surrounds the inner core
• Temperature ranges from 2200 C – 5000 C near inner core
• Molten (liquid) iron and nickel
![Page 18: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Earth’s Inner CoreThe Inner Core - Solid• Temperature reaches 5000 C
• Solid iron and nickel • Usually both would be liquid but are solid in
the core because of the incredible pressure
• The solid core is the source of Earth’s magnetic field
![Page 20: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Magnetosphere• The inner core and outer cores do not
turn at the same speed as the rest of the earth.
• Causes a generator effect which produces a magnetic field.
• It protects us from some of the sun’s harmful radiation.
![Page 21: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Earths Interior Andie](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062405/554e98beb4c90573338b5213/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What do you know about these layers?