earthquakes. figure 11.8 figure 11.9a figure 11.9b
Post on 15-Jan-2016
237 views
TRANSCRIPT
Earthquakes
Figure 11.8
Figure 11.9A
Figure 11.9B
Figure 11.9C
Figure 11.9D
Measuring earthquakes:
• Richter scale: each number is a 10-fold increase in wave amplitude (ground shaking) and a 32-fold increase in energy release.
• Focus: The point at depth where the energy is released
• Epicenter: The point at the surface above the focus
Figure 11.10
Figure 11.15
Figure 11.13
Wordwide earthquake distribution
Table 11.2
Table 11.4
Table 11.1
Loma Prieta, 1989
Hazards
• Liquefaction
• Wave amplification
• Tsunamis
• Landslides
• Fires
• Seiches
• Human induced earthquakes
Figure 11.18
Kobe 1995
Figure 11.19
Loma Prieta (1989) Amplification
Tsunami
Figure 11.20
Sumatra 2004 Tsunami Hits Thailand Beach
Figure 11.21
Figure 11.22AB
Figure 11.22C
Figure 11.23
Figure 11.1
Figure 11.3
Figure 11.4
Earthquake prediction
• Seismic gap method
• Probability based on known frequency
• Spatial trends
• Foreshocks
• Animals?
Figure 11.25
Figure 11.26
Figure 11.E
Figure 11.F
Figure 11.5