earthquake vigilance system

8/8/2019 Earthquake Vigilance System

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EARTHQUAKE VIGILANCE SYSTEM

PROJECT BY : PROJECT I/C

Aniket Gupta Mrs. KiranDewangan

Deepak Patel Lecturer Et& T Joy Thomas


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Aim of the project

Our aim of the project basically is to minimize the pronounced

destruction caused by the major natural calamity i.e. Earthquake.

The principal component of the project is the microcontroller, which

senses the signal when the earthquake strikes the area & performs

vulnerable tasks.

Thus the project rather dont prevent the

disaster but positively the project is designed to monitor the huge

sabotage to both men & property. It alarms the nearby help

centres, firesmen & rings a high frequency alarm that will intimate

the people residing in the particular area.


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FEATURES

1. It can count the number of shocks & display iton LCD.

2. It rises a high frequency alarm to intimate thenearby help centre, police station, firemen as wellas the people living in the locality.

3. Put on the emergency lights.


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EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of asudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and

size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Earthquakes aremeasured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as a

seismograph

SIZE & FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCEThere are around 500,000 earthquakes each year. About 100,000 of these can

actually be felt. Minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the worldin places like California and Alaska in the U.S., as well as

in Guatemala. Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan,theAzores in Portugal,Turkey, New Zealand, Greece, Italy, and Japan, but

earthquakes can occur almost anywhere, including New York City, London,and Australia. Larger earthquakes occur less frequently, the relationship

being exponential


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SEISMIC WAVES

Seismic wavesare wavesof energy that travel through the earth, for

example as a result of an earthquake,explosion, or some otherprocess that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy. Many other

natural and anthropogenic sources create low amplitude waves

commonly referred to as ambient vibrations. Seismic waves are

studied by seismologistsand geophysicists. Seismic wavefieldsaremeasured by a seismograph, geophone,hydrophone(in water),

or accelerometer.

TYPES OF SIESMIC WAVES

There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different

ways. The two main types of waves are body wavesandsurface waves. Body waves

can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along

the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as

both body and surface waves.


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BODY WAVES

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. They follow

raypathsrefracted by the varying density andmodulus (stiffness) ofthe Earth's interior. The density and modulus, in turn, vary according

to temperature, composition, and phase. This effect is similar to

the refractionof light waves.

P-WAVES

The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is

the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive'

at a seismic station. The P wave can move through solid rock and

fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pullsthe rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air.


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S-WAVES

The second type of body wave is theS waveor secondary wave, which is the second

wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can onlymove through solid rock, not through any liquid medium. It is this property of S

waves that led seismologists to conclude that the Earth's outer coreis a liquid. S

waves move rock particles up and down, or side-to-side--perpendicular to the

direction that the wave is traveling in the direction of wave propagation.


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SURFACE WAVES

Travelling only through the crust, surface waves are of a lower

frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on aseismogram as a result. Though they arrive after body waves, it is

surface waves that are almost entirely responsible for the damage

and destruction associated with earthquakes. This damage and the

strength of the surface waves are reduced in deeper earthquakes.

Principle behind the project

When an earthquake occurs, it releases energy in the form of

seismic waves that radiate from the earthquake source in all directions.The waves

differ in their velocities and the type of tremor that they generate.

The fastest wave, and therefore the first to arrive at a given location, is

called the P wave.TheP wavealternately compresses and expands material in the

direction that it travels.


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Earthquake advance warning is possible by

detecting the non-destructive primary waves that

travel more quickly through the Earth's crustthan do the destructive secondary and Rayleigh

waves. The amount of advance warning depends on

the delay between the arrival of the P-wave and

other destructive waves.

EARTHQUAKE VIGILANCE SYSTEM is thus designed to

detect the first to arrive wave (P wave) to let

us know the destructive wave (S wave) is on the

way.


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HARDWARE USED

AT 89C52

LCD (20*4 SUM 2004-3)

LM 324 COMPARATOR

ULN 2803 ISOLATOR

HARD DRIVE MOTOR 7200 rpm

TRANSFORMER

TOGGLE SWITCH 3no.s

TRANSMITTER (9volts)RECIEVER (6 volts)

BUZZER (12 volts)

LED

VARIABLE POT (10k)

BATTERY (9volts)

SWITCHLCD BASE

FUSE

RESISTORS(8.2k,10k)

CAPACITORS(10uf, 33pf)


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ADVANTAGES

Following are the advantages of such a project

1.Principle of such a project is based on the

first arriving wave .i.e P wave; thus will alert

the residents before the major destructive wave

strike the locality.

2.The project is cheap for implementation.

3.Moreover the project is portable & can be

easily implemented on large scale.

4.Can be used as a domestic or commercial

appliance


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THANKS

earthquake vigilance system

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