Topics to be discussed

•Acknowledgement •What is an earthquake?•Types of earthquakes •How do earthquakes occur?•Causes of Earthquakes•Effects of Earthquakes•Quality Control•Elements of Good Quality Control•Techniques to Resist Earthquakes•Suggestions

Acknowledgement

• We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our Physics teacher Mrs. ‘Suchita maam’ who gave us the golden opportunity to make this wonderful presetation on ‘Earthquake Resistance Structures’ which helped us in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about so many new things.  

Earthquake Resistance Structures

• They are natural disasters of a generally unpredictable nature

• It is the shaking of earth due to the movement of earth’s crust

• A sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rocks beneath the

earth surface.

What is earthquake

Types of Earthquakes

There are two types of earthquake: • Inter plate earthquake • Intra-plate earthquake In both types of earthquake, during

earthquake at fault strike slip(horizontal movement) & dip slip (vertical movement)

How do earthquakes

occur?• Because of Earths rotation and other

energy factors different shells or the rock layers constantly move or slid past each other.

• Different continental mass fragments of lesser densities float and move overriding the denser rock layers. This causes earthquake

Causes of an Earthquake

•  Earthquakes are causally related to compression or tensional stresses .

• Volcanic eruptions, rock fall, landslides, and explosions can also cause a quake.

Effects of an earthquake

• Ground shaking• Faulting and Ground Rupture• Landslides and ground subsidence• Damage to man-made structures• Fires• Liquefaction of water-laden sediments• Flooding• Injuries and Death• Tsunamis

Quality ControlSpecial care is needed in construction on sure

that the elements meant to be ductile are indeed

provided with features that give adequate

ductility.

Thus, strict adherence to prescribed standards of

construction materials and construction

processes is essential in assuring an earthquake

resistant building.

Elements of good quality control

• Regular testing of construction materials at qualified laboratories (at site or away)

• Periodic training of workmen at professional training houses, and

• On-site evaluation of the technical work

Techniques to resist an earthquake

• Active & Passive system• Shear walls• Bracing• Dampers• Rollers• Isolation• Bands • Waste tire pads• Light weight material

Active SystemActive control systems are devices integrated with real-time processing evaluators for improved service and safety.

Passive control systems are conventional devices to resist or absorb the energy produced during Earthquake.

For example: Viscous Dampers

Inertial Forces

Shear Walls

Resist-

• Gravity Loads

• Lateral Loads

Bracing

Link Beams

Dampers

Liquid Tuned Mass Damper

One Rincon Hill, San Francisco

Rollers

Isolation

Isolation Bearing

Base Isolation

Waste Tire pads

Waste Tire Pads

Bands

Light weight material

In recent times, many new systems and devices using non-conventional civil engineering materials have been developed, either to reduce the earthquake forces acting on a structure or to absorb part of seismic energy.

Suggestion• Avoid weak column and strong beam design• Provide thick slab which will help as a rigid

diaphragm• Provide cross walls which will stiffen the structures• Provide shear walls in a symmetrical fashion• Increase in the transverse (Shear) reinforcement.• Horizontal lintel band should be provided• The building must be regular and symmetrical in

shape• Reinforcing bars should be provided at the corners

and the junctions of the walls

Thank you