earthquake disaster resilience part 2: informing community stakeholders about global earthquake...
TRANSCRIPT
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EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
PART 2: Informing Community Stakeholders About Global Earthquake
Disaster Situations
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
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The Process of Becoming an Informed Community Stakeholder
is Like Learning How to Fly a Plane Using A Flight Simulator
so: SIMULATE GLOBAL
EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY
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YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PPREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
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RESILIENCY POLICIESRESILIENCY POLICIES
• PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING)
• PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)
• SCENARIOS
(KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT)
• PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR ANYTHING)
• PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)
• SCENARIOS
(KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT)
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RESILIENCY POLICIESRESILIENCY POLICIES
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY)
• RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM-ALIZE SERVICES)
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SAVE LIVES & PROTECT PROPERTY)
• RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION (RESTORE & NORM-ALIZE SERVICES)
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AN INFORMED COMMUNITY STAKE HOLDER
AN INFORMED COMMUNITY STAKE HOLDER
MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH-QUAKE REALITIES
MAKES GOOD DECISIONS BASED ON THE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE ON GLOBAL EARTH-QUAKE REALITIES
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BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
TOOLS FOR ENACTING AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES ON
PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, and RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION
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BOOK OF
BOOK OF
KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE
- Perspectives
- Perspectives
On Science, Policy,
On Science, Policy,
And EM HI-ED
And EM HI-ED
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• OCCURRENCE (PLATE TECTONICS, LOCATION, FAULTING, SEISMICITY, …)
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Earthquakes occur as the result of global interactions between and within tectonic plates in the lithosphere that are slowly moving past each other as the result of stresses created by heat flow from deep inside the Earth.
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THE TECTONIC PLATES
Figure 2.29
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Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
NORTHNORTHNORTHNORTHWESTWESTWESTWEST
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Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
Schematic Diagram of the Schematic Diagram of the Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
NORTHNORTHNORTHNORTHWESTWESTWESTWEST
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SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE
SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE
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OCCURRENCE
The Seismicity Record Contains Information on WHERE, HOW BIG, HOW DEEP, and HOW OFTEN
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SEISMICITY: EUROPE
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SEISMICITY: USASEISMICITY: USA
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SEISMICITY: MID-AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN BASIN
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•PHYSICAL EFFFECTS (TSUNAMIS, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND FAILURE, …)
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REGIONAL DEFORMATION
EARTHQUAKE
TSUNAMI
VIBRATION
FAULT RUPTURE
FOUNDATION FAILURE
AMPLIFICATION
LIQUEFACTION
LANDSLIDE
AFTERSHOCKS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
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SITUATION: A TSUNAMISITUATION: A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION
• OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN
• TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION
• OTHER LOCATIONS INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN, HAWAII, CARIBBEAN, PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, WESTERN USA, AND MEDITERRANEAN
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SIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMISIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO 50-500 KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED
• WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE
• WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND
• TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT 800 KM/ HOUR, SLOWING TO 50-500 KM/HR AS SHORE IS REACHED
• WAVE HEIGHTS CAN REACH 30 M OR MORE
• WAVES CAN TRAVEL 2 KM OR MORE INLAND
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SITUATION: STRONG GROUND SHAKING
Ground Shaking records Indicate The Strength, Duration, And
Dominant Frequencies of Ground Shaking
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PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING MAP
PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING MAP
• SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE SEVERITY OF GROUND SHAKING EXPECTED DURING A SPECIFIC EXPOSURE TIME
• SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE SEVERITY OF GROUND SHAKING EXPECTED DURING A SPECIFIC EXPOSURE TIME
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SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:LIQUEFACTION
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:LIQUEFACTION
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SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LANDSLIDE
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE: LANDSLIDE
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• SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS (DAMAGE, LOSS OF FUNCTION, COLLAPSE, LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF JOBS, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOSS OF ECONOMIC LOSSES, …)
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SITUATION: URBAN DAMAGE
The Kocaeli(Turkey) Earthquakeof 17 August 1999
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SITUATION: INTERIOR LOSS OF FUNCTION
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SITUATION: FAILURE OF URM BUILDING
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SITUATION: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE APARTMENT UNIT
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SITUATION: DAMAGE TO HOUSING UNITS
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SITUATION: 56 MILLION DAMAGED BUILDINGS
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF HOSPITAL
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION: ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF AIRPORT
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SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
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SITUATION: DAM FAILURE SITUATION: DAM FAILURE
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO UTILITY CORRIDOR
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO UTILITY CORRIDOR
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SITUATION: RADIOACTIVITY LEAK
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SITUATION: DEATH TOLL REACHED 220,OOO+
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SITUATIONl: 88,000 DEAD
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION IN PORT AREA
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SITUATION: RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALSSITUATION: RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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SITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRESITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRE
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SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND
LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY
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SITUATION: LOSS OF FIRE FIGHTING CAPABILITY
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SITUATION: EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
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SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY SHELTER
SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY SHELTER
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SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS
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SITUATION: LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OF GDP
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HIGH VELOCITY OF INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS
DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP AND RUNOFF
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEMS
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
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SITUATION: $309 BILLION LOSS FROM TSUNAMI WAVES
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SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD AND WATER
SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD AND WATER
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SITUATION: LOSS OF REFINERY SERVICES