Turkey

•Earthquake•Avalanche•Flood

Overview

o Climate and Weather in Turkeyo How developed is Turkey?o Plate Boundary- How come there are

Earthquakes, Avalanches and Floods in Turkey?

o What could happen in Turkey? Why?o Earthquakeso Avalancheso Floodso Video

Climate and Weather

Last 100 Years: Summers are warmer and drier Winters are milder and drier Sea-levels rising If this keeps going, there will be food shortages and more

diseases(Kadıoğlu, Mikdat.)

Different Climates:Summer:

Hot in the countryside Hot by the Mediterranean with a breeze making it colder Warm in the mountains Usually warm in the city

Winters: Cold in the countryside, by the Mediterranean, mountains and city

Predicted to snow a lot this year in Turkey- a little like last year(Kadıoğlu, Mikdat.)

How developed is Turkey?

• City – richly built houses e.g. Skyscrapers• Mediterranean- many luxurious houses• Mountains- middle class houses• Countryside- really poor houses about to fall down• There are many industries and many farming lands

Istanbul

Anatolia

Ayvalik

Igdir

(Waugh, David and Bushell, Tony. )

Pictures:(“Resort Istanbul.” )(“Turkey.”)(“Turkey.“ )(“Capturing Forces of Nature.”)(“Igdir.”)

Plate Boundary

The African Plate is

pushing itself away from the

Eurasian Plate- the

Eurasian Plate is not doing anything to the African

Plate.

The Arabian

Plate and the

Eurasian Plate are not doing anything to each other.

Pictures:(Friehauf, Kurt.)

What Could Happen in Turkey? Why?

Earthquakes

• When the African Plate moves away from the Eurasian Plate in a fast motion

Avalanches

• When there is too much snow

• An earthquake when the plates bump and grind against each other which cause vibrations to get sent through the rock and this shakes the ground and dislodges huge amounts of snow

• By a loud noise (gunshot, shout)

• Floods that happen in mountains (usually mudslides)

Floods• Snow melts and rains

a lot• Earthquakes

(“Are you ready? – Earthquakes.”)(“Are you ready? - Floods.”)(Korkanç, Selma Yaşar.)(Cumming, David.)

Pictures:(“Earthquakes.”)(“Tis the Avalanche Season.”)(“Flash Floods in Turkey.”)

Earthquakes

Earthquakes that have Occurred: (Month. Day. Year)

4.28.1903-Malazgirt 4.28.1903-Gole 8.9.1912-Murefte 10.3.1914-Burdur 12.26.1939-Erzincan 12.20.1942-Erbaa 11.26.1943-Ladik 2.1.1944-Gerede 5.31.1946-Ustukran 3.18.1953-Yenice-Gonen 8.19.1966-Varto 3.28.1970-Gediz 5.22.1971-Bingol 9.6.1975-Diyarbarkir 11.24.1976-Turkey-Iran Border 10.30.1983- Erzurm & Kars Province 8.17.1999- Istanbul, Kocaieli, Sakarya 3.2.2002-western Turkey 4.20.2003-Bingol 5.1.2003- Bingol, Mus, Elazig, and Ankara (6.4 )- 200 children

trapped in a school 3.26.2004-Erzurum 1.21.2007-Agri

287 Earthquakes in 20 years!

Huge Earthquake- Swiss and Austrian wanted to help bury up the people who are still alive but Turkey said no (religion)

(“Are you ready? – Earthquakes.”)(“Disneyland für Physiker.”)(“Major Turkish Earthquakes of the 20th Century.”)(Poyzner, Mikhail.)(“Turkey quake kills nine.”)(“Stop disasters.”)(Jennings, Jerry.)

Pictures:(“Earthquakes.” )(“Neurotic about Neurons.”)(“Plate Tectonic- Earthquake.”)

Earthquakes in Turkey

(Snell, Laurie.)

Avalanches

3.6.2004- Ankara-9 people killed

1.25.2009-Zigana- 10 people killed

• Not a very high percentage of it happening again

• Should be much snow this year again

(Cumming, David.)(“Ten killed in Turkish avalanche.”)(Waugh, David and Bushell, Tony.)(Poyzner, Mikhail.)

Pictures:(“Avalanche in Turkey.”)(“Avalanche kills 10 at Turkish ski resort.”)(“Tis the Avalanche Season.”)

Floods

1998-Near the Black Sea 2001-Near the Black Sea 2009-Istanbul

• If snow melts there will be a high percentage and the sea-level has risen in the mediterranean.

(“Are you ready? - Floods.”)(“Flash floods slam Turkey, trap hundreds.”)(Korkanç, Selma Yaşar.)(Poyzner, Mikhail.)(Thompson, Luke. )

Pictures:(“Bucharest Convention.”)(“Flash Floods in Turkey.”)

Natural Disasters in Turkey (1903-2005)

Natural disasters

No. Of Events

Killed

Injured

Homeless

Affected

Affected Total

Damage US($‘s)

Earthquake

71 71.411

48.913

560.880 4.905.850

5.515.643

11.685.600

Flood 31 1.264

211 99.000 1.586.536

1.685.747

2.168.500

Avalanches

10 621 223 185 1.905 2.313 0

(Snell, Laurie.)

Bibliography

• “Are you ready? – Earthquakes.” 4/6/09. FEMA. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/flood.shtm

• “Are you ready? - Floods.” 4/6/09. FEMA. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/flood.shtm›

• Cumming, David. “Mountains.” Texas. Raintree Steck- Vaughn. 1995.

• “Disneyland für Physiker.” Der Spiegel. 45. 2.11.09. 144-145.

• “Flash floods slam Turkey, trap hundreds.” MSNBC. 2009. 9/11/09. ‹http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32812412/ns/world_news-europe/›

• Jennings, Jerry. “Volcanoes and Earthquakes.” Oxford University Press. 1990.

• Kadıoğlu, Mikdat. “Climate Change and Turkey” Tuba. 10/11/09. ‹http://www.tuba.gov.tr/userfiles/file/files_tr/haberler/mikdat-kadioglu.pdf›

• Korkanç, Selma Yaşar. “The causes of floods in the western Blacksea region, Turkey.” Balwois. 11/11/09.

‹http://www.balwois.com/balwois/administration/full_paper/ffp-531.pdf›

• “Major Turkish Earthquakes of the 20th Century.” MCEER. 2009. 8/11/09.‹http://mceer.buffalo.edu/infoservice/Reference_Services/turkey-

major-earthquakes.asp›

• Poyzner, Mikhail. “Turkey Disasters Timeline.” 2000. Marpreport. 9/11/09. ‹http://www.mapreport.com/subtopics/d/countries/turkey.html›

• Snell, Laurie. “Chance New 12.02.” 2003. Dartmouth. 11/11/09.

‹http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/chance_news/recent_news/chance_news_12.02.html›

• “Stop disasters.” ISDR. 25/11/09. ‹http://www.stopdisastersgame.org/en/home.html›

• “Ten killed in Turkish avalanche.” BBC. 2009. 9/11/09. ‹http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7849962.stm›

• Thompson, Luke. “Floods.” New York. High Interest Book. 2000.

• “Turkey quake kills nine.” CNN. 2004. 9/11/09. ‹http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/03/26/turkey.quake/index.html›

• Waugh, David and Bushell, Tony. “New Interactions.” China. Nelson Thornes Ltd. 2002.

Picture Bibliography

• “Avalanche in Turkey.” 22/8/09. Royals Review. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.royalsreview.com/2008/8/22/599410/game-128-

overflow-thread›

• “Avalanche kills 10 at Turkish ski resort.” 2009. CNN. 11/11/09. ‹http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europ

e/01/25/turkey.avalanche/index.html›

• “Bucharest Convention.” Climate Lab. 11/11/09. ‹http://climatelab.org/Bucharest_Convention›

• “Capturing Forces of Nature.” 16/7/2004. The Mercury News. 11/11/09.

‹http://quake.usgs.gov/research/deformation/modeling/reviews/IMAX.html›

• “Earthquakes.” 3/2008. British Geological Survey. 10/11/09.

‹http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/earthquakes/education/eq_booklet/index.html›

• “Flash Floods in Turkey.” 2009. Telegraph.co.uk. 11/11/09.

‹http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/6157953/Flash-floods-in-Turkey.html›

• Friehauf, Kurt. “Geology.” Kurtztown University. 10/11/09. ‹http://faculty.kutztown.edu/friehauf/friehauf_personal.html›

• “Igdir.” 2009. Sehirler.net. 10/11/09. ‹http://www.sehirler.net/resim-igdir-resimleri-75-igdir-1019.htm›

• “Neurotic about Neurons.” 2006. Scientific American. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?

id=neurotic-about-neurons›

• “Plate Tectonic- Earthquake.” Ms nucleus. 11/11/09.

‹http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/pt/earthquakes/2/pte2_3a.html›

• “Resort Istanbul.” 2008. Resort Istanbul. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.resortistanbul.com/›

• “Tis the Avalanche Season.” 20/12/09. JustGetOut. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.justgetout.net/Wenatchee/15654›

• “Turkey.“ 2007. Khulsey. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.khulsey.com/travel/turkey_travel_photos.html›

• “Turkey.” 2008. Fresh Peaks. 9/11/09. ‹http://www.freshpeaks.com/turkey.html›

• “Turkish Avalanche claims 10 hikers.” 25/1/09. CBC. 11/11/09. ‹http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2009/01/25/turkey-

avalanche.html›

Thank-You for Watching

Pictures:(“Resort Istanbul.”)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8245272.stm