earth observation update development of a global observation system carla sullivan senior policy...
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Earth Observation Update
Development of a Global Observation System
Carla SullivanSenior Policy AdvisorOffice of the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and AtmosphereExecutive Secretary, Interagency Working Group on Earth ObservationsJuly 13, 2004
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Earth Observation Summit I
July 31, 2003
Washington, D.C.
34Nations
20Internationa
l Organizatio
ns
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Earth Observation Summit II
43 Ministers & Heads of Delegation in attendance
25 International Organizations represented
Prime Minister Koizumi gave keynote on importance of observations to the global environment and economy
Adopted Framework for Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), along with Ministerial Communiqué
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GEOSS Will Be...
Comprehensive Includes observations & products gathered from all
components
Coordinated Leverages contributing members resources to accomplish
the system
Sustained By will & capacity of members
A distributed system of systems Addressing data utilization challenges Facilitating/building on current & new capacity building
efforts
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Evolving World—Evolving Needs
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Benefits Focus
Natural & Human Induced
Disasters
Human Health &
Well-Being
Energy Resources
Climate Variability &
Change
Water Resources
Weather Information,
Forecasting & Warning
Terrestrial, Coastal
& Marine Ecosystems
Sustainable Agriculture & Desertificatio
n
Biodiversity
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GEOSS & Disasters
Recent flooding in Dominican Republic and Haiti
Significant loss of life and property
What if... We had access to all our systems?
• Research and operational Results in more precise
assessment of current phenomena Better models More accurate forecasts
Benefit Advanced flood warnings
• Earlier evacuations• Lives saved
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GEOSS & HealthMalaria
Malaria killed more than a million people in 2003
Primarily in developing world
Early warning system Temperature Humidity Vegetation Soil Moisture
Possible outbreak prevention
AVHRR
AVHRR-SST
TOPEX-SSA
SeaWiFS-Chl-a
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GEOSS & HealthEbola
ESA Initiative: Solving the Ebola Enigma
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GEOSS & Energy
Improving accuracy of weather forecasts by one degree F could decrease costs of electricity by $1B annually
• Tennessee Valley Authority
5 Day forecast for hurricanes = Cost savings for offshore industry & consumer alike
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GEOSS & Agriculture
Drought assessments/predictions Affect planning & harvesting Puts restraints on water use Could likely cause active forest fire season
Understanding El Niño/La Niña patterns
Help predict & understand droughts, harvests, potential crop damage
Make decisions based on sustainable agriculture practices
Worldwide benefits to agriculture $450-550M annually
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GEO ProcessDeveloping the 10-Year Plan
EOS-1 Declaration created ad hoc Intergovernmental Group on Earth Observations (GEO) to develop a 10-Year Implementation Plan
48 Countries + EC & 29 International Organizations currently represented
Four Intergovernmental Chairs: Mr. Akio Yuki, Japan Mr. Achilleas Mitsos, European Commission Dr. Rob Adam, South Africa VADM Conrad Lautenbacher, USN (Ret.), United States
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GEO 1-4
Established 5 Subgroups Architecture Capacity Building Data Utilization International Cooperation User Requirements & Outreach
Societal Benefits Focus
Established Implementation Plan Task Team (IPTT)• David Williams, EUMETSAT• Toshio Koike, Tokyo University• Robert Scholes, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research• Ivan DeLoatch, United States Geological Survey
Finalized Framework & Communiqué Discussion on Post-GEO Governance
Washington, DC
Baveno, Italy
Cape Town, South Africa
Tokyo, Japan
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Post-GEO Governance Structure
Countries submitting comments by August 1 High level Government primacy, with open participation by organizations Membership open to all countries Regular meetings at senior official level, with periodic ministerial
meeting Coordinate, not duplicate work of existing mechanisms Draw fully on international scientific community No new international organization, but clearly defined terms of
reference Should evolve incrementally, following Framework guidelines Form of a governance approach should follow the functions that
the governance model should carry out
Special Session on Governance in Brussels in September 2004
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GEO 5
November ’04, Ottawa, Canada
Aggressive pace thus far; much to do
To complete at GEO 5 10 Year Implementation Plan (negotiated) Technical Blueprint (not negotiated) Communiqué of EOS-III (negotiated)
GEO 5 meeting critical to progress Only 75 days between GEO5 and Earth Observation
Summit III to be held in Brussels, Belgium, February 2005
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G8 Science Ministers meeting April 2004
G8 Science Ministers met in Washington, DC for planning meeting
Discussed specific partnerships and cooperation efforts for the three action areas identified at Evian:
Energy Technologies Agriculture & Biodiversity Global Observations
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US Discussion Papers
G8 Sea Level Rise
Pointed out the following needs that could be addressed by G8 and its partners:
About 170 tidal gauges, reporting hourly data in real time, and with co-located GPS receivers to measure the vertical movement of land
At least three decades of coverage by satellite altimetry
Continuing observations of the upper-ocean temperature and salinity structure by a global array of 3,000 Argo profiling floats
Improved understanding of the re-distribution of water mass on the surface of the Earth
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G8 S&T for Sustainability Action Plan / Progress Report
Meeting in Sea Island, Georgia in June Noted actions taken over the past year to
implement the Evian S&T Action Plan:
“Held First and Second Earth Observation Summits (EOS) and adopted a Framework document on a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). Planning to adopt a final 10-year strategic implementation plan on GEOSS at Third EOS in 2005 and working to identify the international mechanism to provide coordination and oversight for GEOSS.”
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Developing the Us Plan for Integrated Earth Observations
OSTP/OMB Budget Directives Memo
“A key goal of the Administration’s R&D investments is to enhance capabilities to assess and predict key environmental systems.
“Assessment and prediction are important to improving our understanding of and ability to model climate change, but they also affect many other aspects of society, such as health, resource management, weather prediction, sustainable development, and economic prosperity.
“To this end, integrated, comprehensive, global observation systems are required for understanding, monitoring, and predicting changes to the Earth system (atmosphere, land, freshwater, ocean and ecosystems.)”
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Developing the Us Plan for Integrated Earth Observations
OSTP/OMB Budget Directives Memo, cont.
“Through the NSTC, the responsible agencies will develop and implement a coordinated, multi-year plan to enhance data time series, minimize data gaps, and maximize the quality, integrity, and utility of the data for short-term and long-term applications.”
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Interagency Working Group On Earth Observations
Established under the NSTC Committee on Environment & Natural Resources (CENR) with dual functions and goals:“to develop and begin implementation of the U.S. framework and 10 year plan for an integrated, comprehensive Earth observation system to answer environmental and societal needs, including a U.S. assessment of current observational capabilities, evaluation of requirements to sustain and evolve these capabilities considering both remote and in situ instruments, assessment of how to integrate current observational capabilities across scales, and evaluation and addressing of data gaps;”
“to formulate the U.S. position and input to the international ad hoc Group of Earth Observations (GEO) as formed at the Earth Observation Summit on July 31, 2003.”
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Interagency Working Group on Earth Observations
Mirrors International process – societal benefits Benefits as drivers of process
5 teams – provide inputs into the US and intergovernmental technical reports which serve as the foundation for the plans
Public Meeting held in June ’04 for technical review / comments on technical activity reports
July 30 (anniversary of Earth Observation Summit I) scheduled release of first draft of US plan
Public comment period
Release of final US Plan by year’s end
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For More Information…
Intergovernmental ad hoc Group on Earth Observations
http://earthobservations.org
Interagency Working Group on Earth Observations
http://iwgeo.ssc.nasa.gov
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Backup Slides
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Earth Observation Summit Declaration
Linked to WSSD & G8 outcomes
Affirmed need for: Comprehensive, coordinated, sustained Earth observation
system or systems; Coordinated effort to address capacity-building needs
related to Earth observations; Exchange of observations in a full & open manner with
minimum time delay & minimum cost; and Preparing a 10-year Implementation Plan, building on
existing systems & initiatives
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GEO
AlgeriaEuropean Commission
JapanRussian Federation
Argentina Finland Kazakhstan South Africa
Australia France Mexico Spain
Belgium Gabon Morocco Sudan
Belize Germany Mozambique Sweden
Brazil Ghana Nepal Switzerland
Cameroon Greece Netherlands Thailand
Canada Indonesia New Zealand Ukraine
Chile India Nigeria United Kingdom
China Iran Norway United States
Cyprus Ireland Portugal Uzbekistan
Denmark Israel Republic of Congo
Egypt Italy Republic of Korea
http://earthobservations.org
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Participating Organizations
Association for the Development of Environmental Information (ADIE)
Central American Commission for the Environment and Development (SICA/CCAD)
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
European Environmental Agency (EEA)
European Space Agency (ESA)
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)
Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership (IGOS-P)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commissions (IOC)
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Participating Organizations(Contd.)
International Council for Science (ICSU)
International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP)
International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research (IGFA)
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
Network of European Meteorological Services/Composite Observing System (EUMETNET/EUCOS)
Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean (POGO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)
World Bank (IBRD)
World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
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GEOSS Architecture
Earth System Models
•Oceans• Ice•Land•Atmosphere•Solid Earth•Biosphere
Earth Observation Systems
•Remotely-sensed
• In situ
High PerformanceComputing, Communication, & Visualization
Standards &Interoperability
Observations
Predictions
Decision Support
Assessments
Decision Support Systems
Policy Decisions
ManagementDecisions
SocietalBenefits
DATA
Ongoing feedback to optimize value & reduce gaps
GEOSS common approaches Systems within their mandates