early results from spurs -2 · early results from spurs -2 luc rainville (apl-uw) craig lee, kyla...
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EarlyResultsfromSPURS-2
LucRainville(APL-UW)
CraigLee,KylaDrushka,CharlieEriksenTomFarrarAndrey ShcherbinaElizabethThompsonLucaCenturioni,Verena HormannBenHodges,RaySchmittandtheSPURSPIs
Aquarius
Firstspace-basedglobalobservationsofoceansurfacesalinity.25August2011through7June2015
Currently,globalsalinityisretrievedfromSMAPmeasurements
NASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenterScientificVisualizationStudio
Whatarethephysicalprocessesresponsiblecontrollingtheupperoceansalinitybalance:air-seainteractions,mixing,oceanictransport,etc.
SPURSprogramsinvolvecoordinatedfieldwork,numericalmodels,andremote-sensing:TowedSurfaceSalinityProfiler,Asheretal.,UWSPURSDataManagementSystem,Binghametal.,UNCMulti-scaleModelingandDataAssimilation,Chaoetal.,RSSNear-surfaceTurbulence:Lagrangian Floats,D'Asaroetal.,UWTowardaSalinityBudget(fluxmooring),Farraretal.,WHOIMultiscale AutonomousSurveys,Fratantoni etal.,WHOICharacteristicsSSSFluctuations,Gordonetal.,LDEOUpperOceanSalinityfromGliderSurveys,Leeetal.,UWMulti-ScaleModelingandDataAssimilation,Lietal.,JPLMeasurementsofT,S,WindSpeed,andRainfall(floats),Riseretal.,UW
MicrostructureandMixing,Schmittetal.,WHOI(NSF)SSSDriftersforSPURS,Centurioni etal.,SIO(NOAA)Prawler Mooring,Kessleretal.,NOAA/PMEL(NOAA)SustainedOceanObservations,Goni etal.,NOAA/AOML(NOAA).
Lagrangian Floats:Shcherbina,D'Asaro,Harcourt,MaximenkoWaveGliders:Hodges,SchmittTowedSurfaceSalinityProfiler:Asher,Jessup,DrushkaSurfacemeteorology:Clayson,EdsonDatamanagement:Bingham,Li,LiHydrography:SprintallSeasnake:SchanzeSurfacedrifters: Centurioni,Chao,MaximenkoSeagliders:Rainville,Eriksen,Drushka,LeeArgofloats:Riser,YangMooring:Farrar,Plueddemann,Edson,Zhang,Yang,KesslerModeling:Li,Bingham,Li
PICOmoorings:Kessler(NOAA)Rainlenses:Drushka,Asher,Jessup,Rainville(NSF)
Whatgovernsthestructureandvariabilityofupper-oceansalinityneartheITCZ?
Wheredoesthefreshwatergo,andhowdoestheoceandistributeitfromthesmallscalesoftheinput(clouds)totheregionalscaleoftheeastPacificfreshpool?
Whatlocalandnon-localeffectdoesthefreshwaterfluxhaveontheocean?
Howdoesoceansalinityfeedbackontheatmosphere?
SPURS-1
SPURS-2
GPMIMERGrainrate
30min0.1° gridspacing
DatacompiledbyE.Thompson, APL
SPURS-2centralmooring
SEPTEMBER2016
latitud
e
longitude
RainispatchyRainisepisodicRainisintense
Lagrangiancomponent
Euleriancomponent
Use of schooner Lady Amber for SPURS-2A novel and flexible observational approach, motivated by a need to capture the highly dynamical oceanic circulation at the isolated SPURS-2 site.
April 2016 to December 2017
9 cruises, every 2 months for 1.5 years. • Deploy surface drifters and floats every 2 months,
• Recover, service, and redeploy autonomous instruments (Wave Gliders, Seagliders, MLF, etc.)
• Near-surface and atmospheric measurements during regular visits to the site.
1st cruise: 9 Jun – 5 Jul 2016
2nd cruise: 29 Aug – 25 Oct 2016
3rd cruise: 1 Dec 2016 – 15 Jan 2017
• Deployed15surfacedrifters• RecoveredMixedLayerLagrangianFloat• Recovered2WaveGliders,deployedone.• Underwaysampling(T,S,atmosphere)
• Deploy15surfacedrifters• ServicedWaveGlider• Underwaysampling(T,S,atmos.)
• Deployed15surfacedrifters
4th cruise:????
• Recover3Seagliders• Deploy3Seagliders• Deploy15surfacedrifters• DeployMLF• ServiceWaveGliders
04September2016
20September2016
20September201630September2016
9°N 11°N
Spatialsection
Timeseries
Sep Oct Nov Dec AprJan Feb Mar
Sep Oct Nov Dec AprJan Feb Mar
0
50
100
150
200
depth
[m
]
10
15
20
25
0
50
100
150
200
depth
[m
]
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
sg191 26 Aug 2016 to 28 Mar 2017 (214 days), 1492 profiles
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY
20°C
12°C
26°C
20°C
12°C
26°C
28°C
MeasuringrainusingpassiveacousticsJie YangGeoffSchilling,BarryMa,JasonGobatJeffNystuen,Svein Vagle
Yangetal.2015(TOS)
Listeningtothenoisethatwindandrainmake.
Floats(Riser,Yang)MooringsGliders
NEXRADweatherradaronGuam2Seaglider missions,recordingcontinuouslyat200kHz(ONR,forMarineMammals).
IMERG
NEXRAD(230kmrange)
GliderdatafromG.Shilling,J.Lubby,APL
GUAM
Rainville&Shilling,OSST
Here,wehaveanacousticestimate(soundpressurelevelspectrum)every5sec…
GliderdatafromG.Shilling,J.Lubby,APL
GUAM
IMERGGlobal30min12km+
(shadedinsideNEXRADrange)
NEXRAD230kmradiusfromradar15minabout1-2km
Glider acousticestimatesNEXRADestimatesIMERGestimates
GUAM
SPURS-2September2016
SeaglidersWaveGlidersMLF
DriftersMooringsRevelle (withSSP)
…with2-daytails
IMERG
SSSin9kmROMSrunfromZhijin Li,JPL
NECC
NECITCZ
Ekman
Budgets50-kmbox,1-2weeks
Seasonalchanges200-kmline,2weeks
Lagrangian drift2monthschasingMLF
Seaglider program3Seagliders7-monthmissions,withmicrostructureandpassiveacoustics
Budgetsaroundthemooring
TurbulenceestimatesfromSeaglidersExtended(manymonths)dissipationmeasurementfromanautonomousplatform.
FullyintegratedsystemdevelopedatAPL/UW
Low-power,littleimpactonflightandendurance.
Real-timeturbulenceprofileaftereachdive.
Samplinginbothdirections,resolvingthediffusiverolloff athighwavenumbers.Dataqualitycomparabletofree-falling.
Successfuldeployments,upto7-months
Persistentmeasurementsoftemperaturemicrostructureandshearmicrostructure
Realtimeprocessing.
SPURS,sg191,dive100
221to223mOverviewofthemethod:
TemperaturemicrostructuremeasuredwithFP07sat400Hz.Spectraarecalculatedonboardon10sblocks(1-2m).Log-averagedspectra(12pointsperblock)aresentbackattheendofeachdive.
Estimatec ande byfittingtheBatchelor spectrumtothedata(Ruddicketal.2000).
e = 10-9.1
c = 10-8.5
•Near-realtimeprofileofturbulence•Adaptivesampling
glider
basestation
TurbulenceestimatesfromSeagliders
increasing e
increasing c
SPURS,sg191,dive100
221to223mEstimatec ande byfittingtheBatchelor spectrumtothedata(Ruddicketal.2000).Getanestimateoferrorfrommisfit.
e = 10-9.2
c = 10-8.7
Rawdata(400Hz)aresavedonboardandprocesseduponrecovery.
•Similarmethodforshear
TurbulenceestimatesfromSeagliders
increasing e
increasing c
Budgetsaroundthemooring
Budgetsaroundthemooring
9°N
11°N
Seasonalchanges
SALINITY ugeos
9°N 11°N
… waitingforrescue(?)
TheLadyAmberhasbeenabletodotheturnaroundcruise(Seagliders,WaveGliders)yet.
Power-savingmode(loiteringatdepth)
Recovertogetrawmicrostructureandrawpassiveacoustics
3glidersreadytodeploy
WecontinuetoworkwithLadyAmber,hopefullydoing5ormorecruisesinthenext10-12months.
cooleratsurface
Fresheratsurface
InSPURS-2,theuseofautonomousplatformsenablesustocapturemanydifferentevents(persistence),whichisessentialtolinkthedifferentscalesimportantforthewatercycle.
3500profileswithin50kmofthemooringover7months
CollaborationwithFarrar,Hodges,Riser,etc.,forresolvinggradientsandtendencies.
Patchinessoftherain:PALs,moorings,ships.
Fromraineventtolargescale:ships,WaveGliders,Moorings,remotesensing,Argo,etc.