early invasion dynamics of new zealand mudsnails · • nzms present in 4 of the rivers surveyed in...
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Early Invasion Dynamics of New Zealand Mudsnails
Samantha Stanton1, Seth Herbst3, William Keiper2, Daniel Hayes1
1 2 3
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Acknowledgements
• Great Lakes Restoration Initiative for funding
• Michigan Department of Natural Resources
• Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
• Michigan State University – Department of Fisheries and Wildlife o Jimbob Beaubien, Jerrod Lepper, Morgan Freebairn,
and Phillip Ankley
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Invasion Background
• New Zealand mudsnails (NZMS) are native to
New Zealand, yet world-wide invader
• Established populations are found in Australia,
Asia, Europe & North America
• Came to America’s
west coast in the
mid 1980s
Map by Nick Sard
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NZMS Biology
• 2-6 mm in length
• Parthenogenic in many areas of invasion
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Michigan Invasion
Am
y B
enso
n, U
SG
S
• First detected in the
Michigan rivers in 2015
• Genetically distinct
populations in MI
(clones)
• Clones present in Great
Lakes differ from inland
populations
• Inland clone is the same
as the one that is found in
the western U.S.
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Michigan Invasion • Suspected to have traveled to
Michigan’s inland waters via stocking
and angler vectors • Can survive weeks out of the water on a damp
surface
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Reason for Concern
• Densities of
>200,000/square meter in
the western U.S.
• Outcompete native
macroinvertebrates
• Survives digestion via
trout
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Objectives
• Qualitative survey methods
• The spatial extent of NZMS in Michigan rivers
• The spatial distribution of NZMS in the Pere Marquette River changed from 2015 to 2017
• Effectiveness of timed qualitative surveys at detecting NZMS
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Survey Methods
• Two to four searchers at each site
• Each did an independent 20 minute timed search
• Each searcher covered ≤ 50 meters
• Focused on near shore areas
• Collected a representative sample of NZMS and native snails found
Searcher 1 Searcher 3
Searcher 2
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Survey Methods
• Surveys used range finder,
Aqua-view tube, raft, visual
survey
• Focused our efforts along
shorelines, in vegetation and
on woody debris
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ID Characteristics
4 mm
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Survey Analysis
• Data recorded at qualitative
level of abundance (none,
low, medium, high)
• Analysis grouped into detect /
non-detect to run occupancy
analysis
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2015-17 Combined Distribution
= Not detected
= Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100)
= High abundance (>100)
Pere
Marquette
Boardman
Au Sable
Manistee
• Surveyed 14
rivers o Detected in 4
• All cold water,
trout streams
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Pere Marquette 2015
= Not detected = Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100) = High abundance (>100)
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Pere Marquette 2015/17 Distribution Changes
2017
2015
= Not detected
= Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100)
= High abundance (>100)
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2017 Pere Marquette Distribution
= Not detected = Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100) = High abundance (>100)
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2016 Boardman Distribution
= Not detected = Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100) = High abundance (>100)
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2017 Boardman Distribution
= Not detected = Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100) = High abundance (>100)
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2017 Manistee Distribution
= Not detected
= Low abundance (1-10) = Medium abundance (11-100)
= High abundance (>100)
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Survey Effectiveness
Searcher 2 Detect
Searcher 2 Non-detect
Searcher 1 Detect
91 16
Searcher 1 Non-detect
19 101
227 total independent surveys
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Survey Effectiveness
Searcher 2 Detect
Searcher 2 Non-detect
Searcher 1 Detect
91 16
Searcher 1 Non-detect
19 101
227 total independent surveys
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Survey Effectiveness
Searcher 2 Detect
Searcher 2 Non-detect
Searcher 1 Detect
91 16
Searcher 1 Non-detect
19 101
227 total independent surveys
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Survey Effectiveness
Searcher 2 Detect
Searcher 2 Non-detect
Searcher 1 Detect
91 16
Searcher 1 Non-detect
19 101
Detectability per searcher = 0.84
Detectability for 2 independent searchers = 0.975
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Conclusions
• NZMS present in 4 of the rivers surveyed in Michigan
• Spread in Pere Marquette from 2015 to 2017 appears minimal
• Distribution pattern varies between river
• Qualitative sampling methods highly effective at detecting NZMS
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Moving forward
• Continue with early detection
surveys at sites likely of
infestation
• Evaluate eDNA as another
detection method
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Questions?