early explorers
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Early Explorers. Chinese Empire. Zhu Di had the Great Wall of China built as protection from enemies. A silk road developed from China to Europe because China had a lot of silk. The silk road was a road used to trade silk, oranges, horses and gold between China and Europe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Early Explorers
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Chinese Empire• Zhu Di had the Great Wall of China built as
protection from enemies.• A silk road developed from China to Europe
because China had a lot of silk. • The silk road was a road used to trade silk,
oranges, horses and gold between China and Europe.
• Zheng He (Chinese) was the first explorer of the Oceans.
• The Chinese invented the magnetic compass.
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African Kingdoms• Songhai was a powerful
kingdom in West Africa. It was also a big trading kingdom with Europe.
• There was a lot of gold in Songhai, West Africa.
• Gao was an artist’s paradise because the city was full of art and artists.
• Timbuktu was a scholarly city that had an excellent university.
Picture Credit:
http://www.cultures.com/features/Africa/timbuktu/timbuktu.html
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What motivated the earliest European explorers?
• Faster/ safer trade routes
• Spread of Christianity
• Adventure
• Conquest/power
• Wealth (Gold and Silver)
• Spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper)
• Spices were used to preserve food.
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Obstacles
• Simple compasses and maps
• Enemies
• Disease/death/starvation
• Fear of falling off the earth
• Lack of food, water etc.
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Leading up to Exploration (Marco Polo)
• Marco Polo took the Silk Road and returned 3 years later to Europe with the goods he had brought back from China.
• Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1448.
Picture Credit:
http://shabonee.northbrook27.k12.il.us/Projects/polo.htm
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Prince Henry
• Trained and encouraged navigators to reach Cape Verde, southern tip of Africa.
• He employed cartographers who created the most current maps at that time.
Picture Credit:
http://www.mrdowling.com/610-henry.html
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Bartholomeu Dias
• The explorer Bartholomeu Dias was the 1st to reach the Cape of Good Hope, the Southern tip of Africa!
• This helped others to see it was possible to reach India by going around Africa!
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Vasco Da GamaVasco Da Gama He opened a new
route for trade between Europe and Asia without using the silk rode.
In 1498 Vasco Da Gama went around Africa and reached India.
Picture Credit: http://www.mariner.org/age/images/dagama.gif
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Vikings
• Eric the Red was a Viking that led Europeans to Greenland. He started a settlement there.
• Leif Ericson, (a son of Eric the Red) led 35 Vikings about 1000 B.C. to go find a land he had heard about through another sailor.
• He landed on New Foundland and called it Vinland (Wine Land) because they found grapes there that they made into wine.
• On his way back to Greenland, Leif Erickson rescued a ship and its men. As a result, he became rich because the ship gave him all the cargo.
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Christopher Columbus• Christopher Columbus
convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to have three ships.
• The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.
• He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492.
Picture Credit:
http://www.mariner.org/age/columbus.html
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Christopher Columbus
• Also named San Salvador meaning “Holy Savior.”
• He saw people and named them “Indians” because he thought that he was in India.
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Columbian Exchange
• As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New Word, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of the world.
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Columbian ExchangeAmericas to Europe Europe to Americas
Potatoes & Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee
Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats
Tobacco Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever )
Chocolate •Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetle
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Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese)
• Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the southern tip of South America.
• His crew made the first round trip around the world. His ship the Victoria made it around the world.
• He named the Pacific Ocean because it was so peaceful.
Picture Credit: http://www.mariner.org/age/magellan.html
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John Cabot• He was born in Italy. • He loved to watch sailors at
the docks and hear their stories.
• At age 16, he began studying sailing and mapping.
• He moved to England and got the King to support his exploration.
• He is important because his exploration for England gave England the right to the USA.
Picture Credit: http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/cabot.html
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Ponce de Leon• He went with Christopher
Columbus on his 2nd voyage in 1493. He stayed there and became the 1st European to live on the mainland of North America.
• He was Looking for the “fountain of youth”
• He found Puerto Rico and became governor there.
• He also found Floridia and named it "Pascua de Florida" (feast of flowers) after a Spanish Easter holiday because he found Floridia on Easter!
Picture Credit: http://multimedia.esuhsd.org/2000/ed_project/135_web/studentprojects/ageexploration/poncedeleon.html
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Hernando De Soto
• He Sailed for Spain• His time in the USA
was spent exploring Florida down to Mexico looking for gold.
• He did find the Mississippi River.
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Francisco Coronado
• He spent his time looking for the 7 cities of gold!
• He was considered a failure because he didn’t find gold.
http://www.mce.k12tn.net/explorers/spanishexplorers.htm
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa shipwrecked in the Bahamas, on the island, Hispaniola.
• He tried to make a living farming but ended up owing a lot of money to people.
• He then hid in a barrel on a ship to escape.
• He discovered the Pacific Ocean.
Picture Credit: http://www.czbrats.com/Photos/Homeagain/two/balboa.JPG
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Amerigo Vespucci• Amerigo Vespucci• He wanted to find a
star above the South pole to help sailors navigate.
• He never found the star, but he did help map 3,300 miles of land in South America.
• America was named after him.
Picture Credit:http://www.esd.k12.ca.us/Matsumoto/TM30/history/Explorers/vespmap.html
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Hernando Cortes
• Hernando Cortes came to Mexico.
• The Aztecs thought he might be a god since he was the 1st white person they had ever seen.
• Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztecs in 1519.
• The Emperor, Moctesuma was killed in the fighting. Picture Credit:
http://www.pwcs.edu/i-tech/resources/tlcf/EarlyExploration/hernando_cortes.htm
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Francisco Pizzarro
• He explored Peru.
• Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas and stole their gold and silver.
Picture Credit:
http://www.mce.k12tn.net/explorers/spanishexplorers.htm