early east africa
DESCRIPTION
Early East Africa. The Kingdom of Aksum. Rise of Aksum. South of Kush on Red Sea Located on a Coastal plain Spoke Ge’ez 1 of 1 st written languages of Africa. Aksum. Rich farmland Grew wheat and barley Controlled Red Sea trade Strong navy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Early East Africa
The Kingdom of Aksum
Rise of AksumSouth of Kush on Red Sea
Located on a Coastal plain
Spoke Ge’ez 1 of 1st written languages of Africa
AksumRich farmland
Grew wheat and barley
Controlled Red Sea trade Strong navy Traders from inland brought gold, ivory, and slaves Used money
By 300 C.E. Aksum grew wealthy
King Ezana Conquered the Kush in 350 C.E.Converted to Christianity
Made it official religion
Decline
600s C.E. Muslims begin to invade
700s Muslims conquer territory around Aksum Including Aksum’s port city of Adulis
People of Aksum retreated to Ethiopian Highlands
Rise of Ethiopia
1100s C.E. remainders of Aksum est. new Kingdom
1150 - Zagwe Dynasty
Kingdom of Ethiopia
~1150 Zagwe Dynasty
King Lalibela built the churches carved from rock
1270 –1974 Solomonid Dynasty
Fought religious wars to conquer Islamic and Jewish territory (Beta Israel and Muslim Kingdom of Adal)
Eastern Africa City-StatesThe Indian Ocean Monsoons blow from the
southwest from April to October and from the northeast from October to April.
Trade network developed B/w India and East Africa
Ports become wealthy MogadishuMombasaKilwaSofala
TradeFrom India/China
Glassware Porcelain Silk cotton
From Africa Coconut oil Copper Leopard skins Ivory Gold Slaves
SwahiliBlending of African and Islamic
CultureEx:
Language: Bantu + Arabic = Swahili
Architecture
Great Zimbabwe Interior of Africa
~1100sMiddleman of
AfricaLocated between
gold mines/ivory hunters
And
Port cities
Great Zimbabwe Minimal info from
archeological digs
Disappeared about 1400
Replaced by the Mutapa Empire (to the North) in 1400s
i k
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Ghana~3rd Century CEbecome wealthy off taxing the trade of gold for saltIslam adopted ~ 10th Century
Fall of Ghana
Invaded and weakened - 1076 CE
By 13th Century overrun
Mali tttt
• Founded by Sundiata, leader of a tribe who broke away from Ghana
• Economic foundation was agriculture, as well as gold mines
okok
Mansa Musa Ruler of Mali known for his HajjBrought the attention of the world to Mali
Architecture and Timbuktu
Islamic Architects come to Mali and create unique style
Timbuktu becomes a great city of 50,000+ with a famous Mosque, University and Library
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SonghaySonghay became independent ~7th Century Gold discovered in western forests = powerful SonghaySunni Ali est. Empire (late 15th century)Muhammad The Great expands empire
Invaded and defeated by a Moroccan Army (that had Muskets) in 1591
Empire splinters and collapses
Legacy of Islam in West Africa