Each organism has a unique Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics combination of characteristics

encoded in molecules ofencoded in molecules of

DNADNA

The primary function of The primary function of DNA is to DNA is to

Store and transmit genetic Store and transmit genetic informationinformation

All of the following are true All of the following are true about the structure of DNA about the structure of DNA

exceptexcept

Short strands of DNA are contained in Short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cellchromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell

Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen basephosphate group, and a nitrogen base

DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bondsjoined by hydrogen bonds

The long strands of nucleotides are twisted The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helixinto a double helix

Molecules of DNA are Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains ofcomposed of long chains of

nucleotidesnucleotides

Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot part of a molecule of DNA?part of a molecule of DNA?

riboseribose

A nucleotide consists ofA nucleotide consists of

A sugar, a phosphate group, A sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous baseand nitrogenous base

The part of the molecule for The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid which deoxyribonucleic acid

is named theis named the

sugarsugar

Purines and pyridines arePurines and pyridines are

Bases found in Bases found in nucleotidesnucleotides

Chargaff’s rules, the base-Chargaff’s rules, the base-pairing rules, state that in pairing rules, state that in

DNADNA

The amount of adenine equals The amount of adenine equals the amount of thyminethe amount of thymine

The amount of guanine equals The amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosinethe amount of cytosine

D Both a and bD Both a and b

The base-pairing rules states The base-pairing rules states that the following are base that the following are base

pairs in DNApairs in DNA

Adenine-thymine; guanine-Adenine-thymine; guanine-cytosinecytosine

ATTG:TAAC::ATTG:TAAC::

GTCC:CAGGGTCC:CAGG

The addition of nucleotides to The addition of nucleotides to form a complementary strand form a complementary strand

of DNAof DNA

Is catalyzed by DNA Is catalyzed by DNA polymerasepolymerase

Which of the following is Which of the following is not not true about DNA replication?true about DNA replication?

Is the responsibility of the Is the responsibility of the complementary DNA complementary DNA mutagensmutagens

During DNA replication, a During DNA replication, a complementary strand of complementary strand of

DNA is made for each DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus if a original DNA strand. Thus if a portion of the original strand portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new is CCTAGCT, then the new

strand will bestrand will be

GGATCGAGGATCGA

The enzymes responsible for The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template exposed DNA template

bases arebases are

DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase

The function of tRNA is toThe function of tRNA is to

Transfer amino acids to Transfer amino acids to ribosomesribosomes

Which of the following types Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions of RNA carries instructions

for making proteins?for making proteins?

mRNAmRNA

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA differs from DNA in that RNARNA

Is sometimes single-strandedIs sometimes single-stranded

Contains a different sugar moleculeContains a different sugar molecule

Contains the nitrogenous base uracilContains the nitrogenous base uracil

All of the aboveAll of the above

Which of the following is Which of the following is not not found in DNA?found in DNA?

uraciluracil

RNA is chemically similar to RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and an additional oxygen atom, and the base thymine is replaced by the base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base calleda structurally similar base called

UracilUracil

In RNA molecules, adenine is In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary tocomplementary to

uraciluracil

During translation, a ribosome During translation, a ribosome binds tobinds to

mRNAmRNA

Each of the following is a type of Each of the following is a type of RNA RNA exceptexcept

A carrier RNAA carrier RNA

During transcription,During transcription,

RNA is producedRNA is produced

Transcription proceeds when RNA Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerasepolymerase

Binds to a promoter on a strand of Binds to a promoter on a strand of DNADNA

Transcription is the process by Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded which genetic information encoded

in DNA is transferred to anin DNA is transferred to an

RNA moleculeRNA molecule

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino that specifies a particular amino

acid is called aacid is called a

codoncodon

During translation, the amino acid During translation, the amino acid detaches form the transfer RNA detaches form the transfer RNA

molecule and attaches to the end of molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain whena growing protein chain when

The transfer RNA anticodon is paired The transfer RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codonup with the messenger RNA codon

The transfer of genetic material The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which from one cell to another, which

Fredrick Griffith studied, is calledFredrick Griffith studied, is called

transformationtransformation

An error in DNA replication can An error in DNA replication can causecause

MutationsMutations

CancerCancer

Genetic variationsGenetic variations

All of the aboveAll of the above