e0 192.168.3.1 lan - 192.168.3.0/24 banglore office e0 192.168.1.1 lan - 192.168.1.0/24 hyderabad...

E0 192.168.3.1

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

BANGLORE OFFICE

E0 192.168.1.1

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

HYDERABAD OFFICEE0 192.168.2.1

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

CHENNAI OFFICE

HYD

CHE

BAN

Frame Relay Stack

OSI Reference Model Frame Relay

Physical

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Application

EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, EIA/TIA-530

Frame Relay

IP/IPX/AppleTalk, etc.

• Frame Relay is a data link layer

packet-switching protocol that uses digital circuits.

• It is used for medium to longer distances and for

longer connectivity.

• Leased lines also provide longer connectivity but a

physical circuit is used to make connection between

2 sites and the same circuit path is used always.

Frame Relay

Frame Relay topologies

Full Mesh

Partial Mesh Hub & Spoke

• VCs overcome the scalability problems of leased lines by providing multiple logical circuits over the same physical connection.

• Only one serial interface of a router is needed to handle the VC connections to multiple sites Whereas using leased lines multiple serial interfaces are needed to connect to multiple sites.

• VCs provide full connectivity at a much lower price compared to leased lines.

• Frame Relay connections use logical circuits to make

connections between 2 sites. These logical circuits are

referred to as Virtual Circuits (VCs).

• Multiple VCs can exist on the same physical connection.

• VCs are Full duplex

Advantages of Frame Relay

• Sub-interfaces

• Uses Shared bandwidth

• Local Management interface(LMI):

– used between the Frame relay DTE(eg.Router) and the

Frame Relay DCE(eg. Frame Relay switch)

– Defines how the DTE interacts with the DCE

– Locally significant

– Provides VCs status information(a keep-alive

mechanism)

– LMI standards : Cisco, ANSI, Q933a

The DTE and DCE must have the same LMI signaling type

Frame Relay Terminology

• Data Link Connection Identifier(DLCI) :

– used to identify each VC on a physical interface

(i.e.) Each VC has a unique local address called a DLCI

number.

– switch will map to the destination depending on

the DLCI number

– Inverse ARP is used to map DLCIs to next hop

addresses.

– Mapping can also be done manually.

– Its Locally significant.

– These numbers are given by the Frame relay

service providers, Service providers assign DLCIs in

the range of 16 to 1007.


Status Enquiry

Status Enquiry

Local DLCI 100 = Active Local DLCI 400 = Active

Hello, I am 172.168.2.1

Hello, I am 172.168.2.2

FRAME RELAY MAP

172.168.2.2 DLCI 400 ACTIVE

FRAME RELAY MAP

172.168.2.1 DLCI 100 ACTIVE

Hello, I am 172.168.2.1

Keep Alive Keep Alive

DLCI 100 DLCI 400

LMI and inverse ARP

• Virtual circuits are of two types:

– Permanent Virtual Circuits – PVCs

– Switched Virtual Circuits –SVCs

• Permanent Virtual Circuit :

– similar to a dedicated leased line , permanent connection.

– used when constant data is being generated.

• Switched Virtual Circuit :

– also called as Semi-permanent virtual circuit

– similar to a circuit switched connection where the VC is dynamically built and then torn down once the data has been sent.

– used when data has to be sent in small amounts and at periodic intervals.


• Committed Information Rate(CIR) :

– Average data rate measured over a fixed period

of time that the carrier guarantees for a VC.

– committed bandwidth

• Burst Rate(BR) :

– Average data rate provider guarantees for a VC.

– Excess bandwidth


Frame Relay Traffic Flow Terminology (Cont.)

• FECN and BECN :

– Forward Explicit Congestion Notification

– Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

• When congestion occurs switch marks the FECN

and BECN bits in the frame header.

• FECN is sent to the destination

• BECN is sent to the source

• Thereby notifying both source and destination

about the congestion.

• FECN = 0 and BECN =0 implies no congestion.


Frame-Relay - Network Diagram

E0 192.168.1.1/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0 192.168.2.1/24

CHE

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0 192.168.3.1/24

BAN

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S111.0.0.2/8

DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200

FRAME-RELAYSWICH

S110.0.0.2/8

11.0.0.1/8S0

HYD CHE BAN

Frame-Relay - Network Diagram

E0 192.168.1.1/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0 192.168.2.1/24

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0 192.168.3.1/24

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S110.0.0.2/8

DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200

FRAME-RELAYSWICH

HYD CHE BAN

• Manual MappingRouter(config)#interface <int-type> <int-no>Router(config-if)#frame-relay map ip <next hop ip

address> <local DLCI No> broadcast

• Sub-interface configuration

Router(config)#interface <int-type> <int-no>.<sub-int no>

frame-relay interface-dlci 100Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.1.1

================================Welcome to Hyderabad Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

interface serial 0ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco

Hyderabad>password :Hyderabad#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Hyderabad(config)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

exitHyderabad(config)#

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>


frame-relay interface-dlci 200Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Banglore Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco

Banglore>password :Banglore#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Banglore(config)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#


telnet 192.168.3.1

interface serial 1

exitBanglore(config)#



Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Chennai Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000

Chennai>password :Chennai#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Chennai(config)#

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#


Chennai(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.2.1

interface serial 1

frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 100 interface serial 0 200

Chennai(config)#frame-relay switching

Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>

interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>



Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#frame-relay switching

Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#frame-relay switching

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

Chennai(config-if)#

interface serial 0

frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 200 interface serial 1 100

Chennai(config)#

Chennai(config-if)#





show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = ACTIVE

Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are

fine.

PVC STATUS = ACTIVE

Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are

fine.

show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = INACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = INACTIVE

Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Remote LMI

PVC STATUS = INACTIVE


Remote LMI

show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = DELETED,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = DELETED


Local LMI

PVC STATUS = DELETED


Local LMI

show frame-relay pvcBanglore#PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1 input pkts 8 output pkts 7 in bytes 570 out bytes 586 dropped pkts 2 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 7 out bcast bytes 586 pvc create time 00:12:26, last time pvc status changed 00:02:06Banglore#

show frame-relay pvcChennai#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0 out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 pvc create time 00:02:07, last time pvc status changed 00:00:56 Num Pkts Switched 0

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1 input pkts 4 output pkts 3 in bytes 186 out bytes 202 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 pvc create time 00:02:21, last time pvc status changed 00:01:04 Num Pkts Switched 4Chennai#

show frame-relay mapHyderabad#Serial0 (up): ip 10.0.0.2, dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeHyderabad#

show frame-relay mapBanglore#Serial1 (up): ip 10.0.0.1, dlci 200(0xC8,0x3080), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeBanglore#

show frame-relay routeChennai#Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci StatusSerial0 200 Serial1 100 activeSerial1 100 Serial0 200 activeChennai#

Hyderabad(config)#router rip

Hyderabad(config-router)#

Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingHyderabad(config)#

Hyderabad(config)#ip routing

show ip routeHyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0Hyderabad#

^ZConfiguring RIP

Router(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

ping 192.168.3.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msHyderabad#

!!!!!

Banglore(config)#router rip

Banglore(config-router)#

Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0Banglore(config-router)#

no ip routingBanglore(config)#

Banglore(config)#ip routing

show ip routeBanglore#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0Banglore#

^Znetwork 10.0.0.0



ping 192.168.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msBanglore#

!!!!!

e0 192.168.3.1 lan - 192.168.3.0/24 banglore office e0 192.168.1.1 lan - 192.168.1.0/24 hyderabad...

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