ELECTRONIC

POLLUTION

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROJECT

REVIEW # 1

TEAM MEMBERS : - Sidhanth mohapatro (12bei0017)

-surya sai manisetty (12bei0097)-Rachit salian (12bme0347)- Trinadh- (12bcl022)

ELECTRONIC POLLUTION ??

From television and radio waves, to mobile phone emissions and a thousand and one other sources we are being bombarded by a constantstream of electronic pollution

This is the pollution caused by electronic devices.

The main problem we face- 1) e-waste 2) electronic radiations

E-WASTE The unethical way of discarding used

electronic equipments in the form of waste is termed as E-Waste.

. these wastes are non biodegradable

WHERE DID IT FIRST BEGAN??

The term electronic waste is only a recent entity, as devices of higher technology only began to be produced towards the latter half of the 20th century. Before the 1970s, there was little production of these technologically complicated items, each consisting of over 1,000 different substances, several of which are toxic and create serious pollution upon disposal. (BAN, 2002) Each year, more new devices are created, and more new devices are thrown out. This began in the most developed nations such as the United States and Japan, , leading the technological revolution but also leading the electronic pollution revolution as well. And with an immense population, America remains one of the biggest locations where electronic waste originates from.

E-WAST CONTAINS -Source of e-

wastes Constituent Health effects

Solder in printed circuit boards,

glass panels and gaskets in computer monitors

Lead (PB)

• Damage to central and peripheral nervous systems, blood systems and kidney

damage.• Affects brain development of

children.

Chip resistors and

semiconductors

Cadmium (CD)

• Toxic irreversible effects on human health.

• Accumulates in kidney and liver.

• Causes neural damage.• Teratogenic.

Relays and switches, printed

circuit boardsMercury (Hg)

• Chronic damage to the brain.•Respiratory and skin disorders

due to bioaccumulation in fishes.

Corrosion protection of

untreated and galvanized steel plates, decorator

or hardner for steel housings

Hexavalent chromium

(Cr) VI

• Asthmatic bronchitis.• DNA damage.

Cabling and computer housing

Plastics including

PVC

Burning produces dioxin. It causes

• Reproductive and developmental problems;• Immune system damage;• Interfere with regulatory

hormonesPlastic housing of

electronic equipments and circuit boards.

Brominated flame

retardants (BFR)

• Disrupts endocrine system functions

Front panel of CRTs Barium (Ba)

Short term exposure causes:• Muscle weakness;

• Damage to heart, liver and spleen.

Motherboard Beryllium (Be)

• Carcinogenic (lung cancer)• Inhalation of fumes and dust.

Causes chronic beryllium disease or beryllicosis.

• Skin diseases such as warts.

IN CHINA BANGALORE

CASE STUDY

Sources of e-waste in China:( domestically generated)

710 million home electronic appliances near �end of life span.

Chinese demand for electronics and electrical �equipment continues to surge.

China generates roughly 1 million tons of e-�waste annually

since 2003, and the quantity is increasing. Pressure from dumping by developed countries.� Zeal from anarchic private sector in China� China’s thirst for materials as world factory�

CHINA :-

CASE STUDY :- E-WASTE BANGALORE

Ewaste has been a problem of great concern not only for the government but also for the

public due to their hazardous material contents. For this reason the management and

recycling of E-waste was assessed in the city of Bangalore (India) based on rapid growing

waste stream, waste valuable resources, hazardous substances and low recycling rate.

The hierarchy of treatment of E-waste encouragesreuse of whole equipment first,

remanufacturing and upgradation, then recovery of materials by recycling techniques,

and as a last resort, disposal by incineration and land filling. This study was conducted in

the month of March, 2009 in the Banglore city of India. Bangalore is the information

technology hub of India having more than 1700 IT companies generating 8,000 tonnes of

E-waste annually.For this study the tracer item chosen was the personal computer (PC). A

tracer item in this context stands for an electrical or electronic item which is surveyed

along its whole life span, from the cradle to the grave.

From the result it was found that with proper management the level of e-waste in the

city drastically reduced. All in all E-waste management in Bangalore has moved forward

in many ways and can now serve as a model for other cities and state in the country.

ELECTRONIC RADIATIONS

ELECTRONIC RADIATIONS -

Most home electronics devices emit electronic radiation. Below is a list of equipment that could be causing problems in your health.

Cordless Phones Cordless Baby Alarms Cellular Phones Wireless Internet Networks Laptopes

EFFECTS OF EMF :- EM radiation to serious diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and

others. Some of the potential side effects of exposure to electromagnetic

radiation: Blurry Vision Headaches Nausea Fatigue Neck Pain Memory Loss Leukemia Rare Brain Cancers Enzyme Changes That Affect DNA Birth Defects Changes In Metabolism Increased Risk For Alzheimer’s Disease Increased Risk For Heart Conditions Neurological Hormone Changes Linked Impaired Brain Function And More…

CELL

TOWER

RADIATIONS

APPROXIMATELY 20-80% OF THE CELL PHONE RADIATION FROM YOUR MOBILE DEVICE’S ANTENNA PENETRATES UP TO 2 INCHES INTO THE ADULT BRAIN.

EXPOSURE OF RADIATIONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES….

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHILE SETTING UP CELL TOWERS

Erection of tower shall not be allowed within a radius of 100 meter from residential building, school and hospital.

In India, we have adopted radiation norms given by ICNIRP guidelines of 1998 for safe power for GSM900 transmitting band (935-960

MHz), power density is 4.7W/m2 and for GSM1800 transmitting band (1810-

1880 MHz), it is 9.2W/m2 Emission should be non-ionising . towers should not be f high density/

CASE STUDY :- TOWER RADIATIONS GERMANY (Eger H, 2004)

The aim of this study was to examine whether people living close to cellular

transmitter antennas were exposed to a greater risk of becoming ill with

malignant tumors. The researchers found that the proportion of newly

developing cancer cases was significantly higher among those patients who

had lived within 400 meters from the cellular transmitter site during the past

10 years, compared to those patients living further away. They also found that

the patients fell ill on average 8 years earlier. After five years of operation of

the transmitting installation, the relative risk of getting cancer had increased

by 3-fold for the residents of the area near the installation, compared to the

inhabitants outside the area. Breast cancer topped the list, and the average

age of contracting this disease was considerably lower, 50.8 years compared

to 69.9 years for the people living in the outer area. Cancers of the prostate,

pancreas, bowel, skin melanoma, lung and blood cancer were all increased.

HYDERABAD :-

From only a single city, hyderabad(GHMC) has found 4566 cell towers

Out of which more than 2000 cell towers has been illegally built and

approx-568 towers are of high densitysituated in Circle- 10 areas like

Khairatabad, Punjagutta, Banjara Hills.

Several towers do not have structural stability and were posing

danger not only to inmates of buildings where they were erected but

also their neighbours which is causing a serious problems blindly.

After a lot of serious concerns and complaints, the corporation has

decided to take action against faulty telecom companies like

dismantling cell towers if they do not pay Rs one lakh fee and get

them regularised immediately.

In June, the AP high court, while disposing cases on illegal cell

towers, said that the towers should be erected by taking permission

from the corporation.

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Click icon to add picturethe news reported in Midday, Mumbai dated Jan. 3, 2010, which stated - “Mumbai's swanky Usha Kiran building says the four cancer cases there could be linked to mobile towers installed on the facing Vijay Apartments”. The picture taken from the Usha Kiran building of the several antennas installed on the seventh floor of Vijay Apartments is shown in Fig. 2. People living in the 6th, 7th and 8th floor in the opposite building will get maximum radiation as they are in the main beam direction. People living on the other floors will receive lesser radiation as beam maxima is reduced considerably as can be observed from vertical radiation pattern. In the horizontal direction again, people living in the front side of the antenna will receive much higher radiation compared to people living in the back side of antenna.

can we? no, we can`t

but, we can take measures

MEASURES

Use hands-free to decrease the radiation to the head.

Keep the mobile phone away from the body. Do not use telephone in a car without an

external antenna. Use mobile radiation tracking apps have

been developed to help to mitigate exposure.