Seminar on

E PAPER TECHNOLOGY

Presented byR.S.Gangannavar

Under The Guidance OfProf. M.S.JOLAD

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM

Outline

• Introduction• Earlier Overview• Technology Used• How E Paper Works• Technical Aspects• Impact Of E Paper• Applications• Advantages and Disadvantages• Challenges Created By E Paper• The Future Scenario• Conclusion

Introduction

• Traditional Papers• Reliable, Good Readability,

High Contrast

• E Paper• Reusable, Future paper

• Printed words cannot change

• No Backlight..!

Earlier Overview

• Nicholus K Sheridon at Xerox research centre

• World 1st Office & Word Processing PC by Xerox

• Office PC’s Drawbacks

• 18 months -> Electronic Capillarity

• Unrealistic Work Schedule

Technology UsedGyricon

Electrophoretic

Electro-wetting

Electro-fluidic

E Paper

How E Paper Works..?

• E ink (Front plane)

• Electronics to generate Text & Image (Back plane)

Technical Aspects

o Gyricon:-

• A plastic within which a liquid is encapsulated

•Bichromal front plane• Limitations ->

• Low brightness• Low resolution• Lack of colour

Continued…o Electophoretic front plane:-• This technique is given by making some variation in Gyricon method

• 1 um tiny particle & Hyrdocarbon oil with a dark coloured dye

• Placed between two parallel conducting sheets with distance of 10 to 100 um

• Good in brightness and resolution

• Limitations:• Lack of colour• Low refresh rate• Flicker (Due to slow motion of particles from end to end)

• Unsuitable for displaying animations and video

Continued…

• Cholesteric Liquid Crystal:• By IBM, HP & Philips• Most of drawbacks are overcome

o Electro-wetting:-• Controls shape of water/oil interface on application of

voltage else remains flat

• Features:• Fast switching• Low voltage• Video support

Continued…

o Electro fluidic:- • Variation of electro-wetting display

• Tiny reservoirs employed

• Ex. Red Fluids

Impact Of E Paper• US consumes world’s 1/3 of paper

• Cutting of trees

• Power consumption while production

•How we can contribute..?

Applications

Advantages

• Paper-like readability

• Ultra low power consumption

• Thin and Light in weight

• Perfect for mobile displays

• Twistable

• Simple Manufacturing process

• Reusable technology

• Ease in information downloading

• Libraries can be made

Disadvantages

• Low refresh rate Example: Zooming

• Ghosting Solution: flash

Challenges Created By E Paper

• Control over illegal downloads of e books

• Data for Advertisement

• Duties of Teachers and Publishers

• Print related activities, Employment and its resistance to change

Future Scenario

• Newspapers

• E books

• Cylindrical devices

Conclusion

Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays. Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional PAPER and other display technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on the publishing industry. Ultimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to become a display, bringing information out of the confines of traditional devices and into the world around us.

Refrences[1]Crowley, J. M.; Sheridon, N. K.; Romano, L. "Dipole moments of gyricon balls" Journalof Electrostatics 2002, 55, (3-4), 247.[2] Comiskey, B.; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa, H.; Jacobson, J. "An electrophoretic ink for all-printed reflective electronic displays" Nature 1998, 394, (6690), 253-255.[3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper.[4] Blankenbach K, Schmoll A, Bitman A, Bartels F and Jerosch D 2008 Novel highlyreflective and bistable electrowetting displays SID J. 16 237- 44 [5] Andersson, P.; Nilsson, D.; Svensson, P. O.; Chen, M.; Malmström, A.; Remonen, T.;Kugler, T.; Berggren, M. "Active Matrix Displays Based onAll-Organic Electrochemical Smart Pixels Printed on Paper" Adv Mater 2002, 14, (20), 1460-1464.[6] Huitema, H. E. A.; Gelinck, G. H.; van der Putten, J. B. P. H.; Kuijk, K. E.; Hart, C. M.;Cantatore, E.; Herwig, P. T.; van Breemen, A. J. J. M.; de Leeuw, D. M. "Plastic transistors inactive-matrix displays" Nature 2001, 414, (6864), 599. [7] http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/e-paper[8] Advertisementindia.com

Queries…

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