DZ DZ

E

E

d

b

ca

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

&

“fit”

Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Healthy People

-

Healthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

1How is this disease

distributed?Hypotheses

3Is the association

causal?

4What should be done

to prevent the disease?

5Did the prevention

strategy work?

Where are we and where are we going?

What’s my hypothesis?

2Is there

an association?

Did the exposure and the disease turn up

together?

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Controlled Trial+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Cohort Study+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Case-Control Study++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

E

E

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++

Cross-Sectional Study

-

-

-

-

Review

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Controlled Trial

Cohort Study

Case-Control Study

Cross-Sectional Study

Healthy People

-

Healthy People

E

Random Assignment

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Healthy People

-

Healthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

-

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

-

E

E

DZ

DZ

Review

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

d

b

ca

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

&

“fit”

Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Healthy People

-

Healthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

&

Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Ea

2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

Flow Diagram

Controlled Trial

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Eb

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

Controlled Trial

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Flow Diagram 2x2 TableFlow Diagram

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

Controlled Trial

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

d

2x2 TableFlow Diagram

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

Controlled Trial

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where are these people in the flow diagram?

Cohort Study

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Ea

2x2 Table

Where are these people in the flow diagram?

Flow Diagram

Cohort Study

Healthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Healthy People

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

d

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where are these people in the flow diagram?

Cohort Study

Healthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Healthy People

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Eb

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where are these people in the flow diagram?

Cohort Study

Healthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Healthy People

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Ea

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

2x2 Table Flow Diagram

Case-Control Study

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Flow Diagram2x2 Table

Case-Control Study

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Flow Diagram

DZ DZ

E

E b

2x2 Table

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Case-Control Study

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Flow Diagram

DZ DZ

E

E

d

2x2 Table

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Case-Control Study

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E aFlow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Cross-Sectional Study

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Flow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Cross-Sectional Study

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

d

Flow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Cross-Sectional Study

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Eb

Flow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people go in the

2x2 table?

Cross-Sectional Study

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Assessment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

EFlow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

1.

a bc d

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

Flow Diagram

2.

a bc d

Flow Diagram

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

2x2 Table Flow Diagram

3.

a bc d

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

EFlow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

4.

a bc d

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

5.

a bc d

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Flow Diagram

DZ DZ

E

E

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

6.

a bc d

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

EFlow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

7.

a bc d

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

8.

a bc d

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

Flow Diagram2x2 Table

9.

a bc d

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

EFlow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

10.

a bc d

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E aFlow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

1. (Answer)

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Ea

2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

Flow Diagram

2. (Answer)

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Ea

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

2x2 Table Flow Diagram

3. (Answer)

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Eb

Flow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

4. (Answer)

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

Eb

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

5. (Answer)

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Flow Diagram

DZ DZ

E

E b

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

6. (Answer)

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Flow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

7. (Answer)

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Flow Diagram 2x2 Table

Where do these people “fit” in the 2x2 table?

8. (Answer)

Healthy PeopleHealthy People

E

E

DZ

DZ

DZ

DZ

Random Assignment

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

c

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

Flow Diagram2x2 Table

9. (Answer)

DZ

DZ

E

E

E

E

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

DZ DZ

E

E

d

Flow Diagram

2x2 Table

Where do these

people “fit” in the

2x2 table?

10. (Answer)

E

E

DZ

DZ

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

CDC

Does this all make sense

to you?

There are four basic study designs for testing hypotheses.

Each design has a different plan for assessing exposure and disease.

The plan for each design can be understood by: 1) thinking of a train ride from exposure to disease, and 2) constructing a flow diagram.

Whatever the study design, the assessment of exposure and disease “fits” into a 2x2 table so that a sample’s exposure and disease can be classified, risks calculated, risks compared, and inferences made.

Making Sense

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

CDC

Investigation 2-9 has ended.

Designs, Diagrams, and Tables

Detectives in the Classroom – Investigation 2-9: Designs, Diagrams, and Tables