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DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems Antonio Caballero Jambrina [email protected] [email protected]

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Page 1: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Antonio Caballero Jambrina

[email protected]@fotonik.dtu.dk

Page 2: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Thanks to

Idelfonso Tafur MonroyDarko ZibarValeria ArlunnoXiaodan PangNeil Guerrero GonzalezLei Deng…And the whole metro-access group

28th May 20132 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

And the whole metro-access group (past and present)

Page 3: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Outline

• Motivation: wireless and optics convergence

• High capacity wireless links: how to achieve them

• Photonic technologies for wireless signal generation and detection

• RoF for access networks

• Wireless detection & transport

• Phase-modulated optical link assisted with coherent detection

28th May 20133 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

• Phase-modulated optical link assisted with coherent detection

• Application scenarios

• Wireless generation

• mm-wave photonic generation towards 100 Gbps wireless links

• Wireless generation and detection

• Transparent all photonic mm-wave

• Conclusion

Page 4: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Motivation: wireless and optics convergence

28th May 20134 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

optics convergence

Page 5: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Telecommunication Network HierarchyLong Haul Networks

Metropolitan

Networks

Metro-access

Networks

• Optical fiber getting closer to the

customer premises

• Wireless brings flexibility to the

28th May 20135 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

5

In-Home

Networks

PC

Corporate LAN

Residential

PON

Rural Area

Network

Hybrid

Optical-Wireless

Metro-access

Networks• Wireless brings flexibility to the

communications

Page 6: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

High capacity wireless links

28th May 20136 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

links

Page 7: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Applications of high speed wireless links

Optical fiber

28th May 20137 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

• Sync and go

• All wireless connectivity at business and home

• HD video streaming (uncompressed)

• Cloud computing

• Video-calls

http://wirelessgigabitalliance.org/

• Beyond LTE Cellular networks

• Disaster recovery links

• Fast deployment wireless networks

• Extension of optical fiber links

Optical fiber

Optical fiber

Page 8: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

How to achieve multi gigabit wireless links I

Higher RF carrier frequencies

• GHz of bandwidth available

• Higher Air attenuation

28th May 20138 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Advanced modulation techniques

• High spectral efficiency

• Stringent requirements on linearity and SNR

E.E. Altshuler et al., IEEE TAP 1988

Page 9: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100Mbps

1Gbps

10Gbps

100Gbps

Wire

less l

inks (

stand

ard W

LAN)

Wireless

links

(rese

arch)

Optical serial interface (products)

Bitr

ate

Optical serial interface (research)

How to achieve multi gigabit wireless links II

28th May 20139 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 201210Mbps

100Mbps

Wire

less l

inks (

stand

ard W

LAN)

Wireless

links

(rese

arch)

Year

Bring the capacity of baseband optical links to wireless links

Multi-gigabit wireless links

SourcesP. Winzer, IEEE Comm. Mag. July 2010G. Fettweis, IEEE VTC Fall 2007A. Stöhr, OFC/NFOC 2011

Page 10: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Photonic technologies for wireless signal generation

28th May 201310 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

wireless signal generation and detection

Page 11: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Concept and requirements

28th May 201311 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Photonic Generation (Downlink)

• Capable to generate high speed RF signals

• High bandwidth of E-O components

Transport (optical fiber)

• Long reach links

• High bandwidth

• Shared architecture with PON

Photonic Detection (Uplink)

• High bandwidth

• Requires high linearity

• Digital Coherent receivers

Page 12: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Radio-over-fiber links for access networks

•Hybrid optical-wireless networks• IM-DD schemes with SSB or DSB for longer reach (downlink only) [1,2]

• Ultra-dense WDM-PON architecture ([3,4]

• Converged PON [5,6]

• Baseband: QPSK

• Radio-over-fiber: UWB, Wimax, OFDM

28th May 201312 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

[1] C. Lim et al., JON 2009

[2] D. Wake et al., JLT 2010

[3] Z. Jia et al., JLT 2007

[4] G.-K. Chang et al., JON 2009

[5] K. Prince et al., PTL 2009

[6] N. Guerrero, OFC 2011

Page 13: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Photonic Digital Coherent Receiver

• Combining the received optical signal (Ein) with a local oscillator

28th May 201313 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

• Combining the received optical signal (Ein) with a local oscillator (ELO) in a 90o optical hybrid

• Digital signal processing

• Demodulation of different types of signals

• Baseband: BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, OFDM

• Radio-over-fiber: Phase Modulated, Intensity Modulated

• Compensation of link impairments

• Fiber chromatic dispersion

• Laser free-running beating

• Transmitter and receiver imbalances

Page 14: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Wireless detection & transport:

28th May 201314 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

transport:Phase-modulated optical link assisted with coherent detection

Page 15: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Photonic technologies for wireless detection I

•Mature technology (90s)

•RF power fading by chromatic

dispersion

• SSB, DSB

•Linearity limited

• Techniques for linearization

Intensity Modulation Direct Detection (IM-DD) [1,2]

28th May 201315 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

•Higher linearity than IM-DD

•Limited bandwidth of operation

•Phase information recovery

• Interferometric detection [4]

• PM to IM [5]

Phase Modulation Direct Detection (PM-DD) [3,4,5]

[1] C. Cox et al., MTT 2006[2] J. Yao, JLT 2009[3] R. Kalman et al., JLT 1994

[4] V. Urick et al., JLT 2007[6] [5] H. Chi et al., JLT 2009

Page 16: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Photonic technologies for wireless detection II

•PLL for phase tracking

•Optical domain (OPLL)

• Difficult to implement

• Limited bandwidth

•Digital Domain (DPLL)

• Homodyne detection

• Independent light source transport

Phase Modulation Phase Tracking Receiver (PM-PLL) [6,7]

28th May 201316 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

• Independent light source transport

• Independent and free-running

Local Oscillator

•Digital Signal Processing

•Scalability to higher RF

•Easy integration with PON

Phase Modulation Digital Coherent Receiver (PM-Coh) [8,9]

[6] Y. Li et al., JLT 2009[7] T. Clark et. al., MTT 2010[8] D. Zibar et. al., PTL 2009[9] A. Caballero et. al., JLT 2011

Page 17: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

PM-Coh link with photonic downconversion1,2

28th May 201317 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

1549.5 1550.0 1550.5

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

Pow

er [d

Bm

]Wavelength [nm]

38.4 GHz

1549.5 1550.0 1550.5

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

Pow

er [d

Bm

]

Wavelength [nm]

40 GHz

[1] A. Caballero et al., ECOC’10 PDP3.4 [2] A. Caballero et. al., JLT 2011

Page 18: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

PM-Coh link with photonic downconversion1,2

3

2

UFEC Limit

-lo

g(B

ER

)

B2B 40 km Tx

3

2

-log1

0(B

ER

)

1 Gbaud

800 Mbaud

28th May 201318 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

4 40 km Tx

OSNR [dB/0.1 nm]1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,54

-log1

0(B

ER

)

Bitrate [Gbps]

625 Mbaud500 Mbaud

• Pioneering results on high-capacity wireless detection

• Up to 3.2 Gbps at 40 GHz below FEC limit

• Electrical bandwidth of only 4 GHz[1] A. Caballero et al., ECOC’09 PDP3.4 [2] A. Caballero et. al., JLT 2011

Page 19: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Wireless detection & transport:

28th May 201319 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

transport:Application scenarios

Page 20: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

PM-Coh link for DAS I

• Next generation cellular access

networks (LTE+) will require

Distributed Antenna Systems for

high throughput

• Current digitized RF transport

interface demands high bitrate

backhaul link

28th May 201320 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

backhaul link

• Digital Coherent Radio-over-fiber

technology as solution

• Scalable

• Transparent

• High capacity

Page 21: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

PM-Coh link for DAS II

Subcarrier multiplexing

28th May 201321 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

3 Cell system x 4 Antennas/cell

Total 12 different channels

Same frequency allocation

Subcarrier multiplexing

Higher spectral efficiency

PM-Coh RoF Link

Transparent transport of the

wireless signals

Page 22: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

PM-Coh link for DAS III

12 subcarriers, 100 Mbaud 16QAM

1 2 3 4 5

4

3

2

-log1

0(B

ER

)

Modulation Index (%)2 3 4 5

8

12

16

2024

EV

M R

MS

(%

)

Modulation Index (%)

100 kHz Experiment

28th May 201322 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

6 subcarriers, 200 Mbaud 16QAM

2 3 4 5 6 7

4

3

2

-log1

0(B

ER

)

Modulation Index (%)

Modulation Index (%)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8

12

16

2024

EV

M R

MS

(%

)

Modulation Index (%)

100 kHz Experiment

Modulation Index (%)

Page 23: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Converged wireless-baseband access I

28th May 201323 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Reconfigurable Digital Coherent

Receiver

Page 24: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

5

4

3

2

B2B single channel 78km single channel 78km all wavelengths

-log(

BE

R)

Coherent VCSEL(a)

4

3

2

B2B single channel B2B all wavelengths 78km single channel 78km all wavelengths

-log(

BE

R)

(c) IR-UWB

IR-UWBCoherent VCSEL

Single reconfigurable DSP enabled coherent receiver

•Heterogeneous hybrid access networks

Converged wireless-baseband access II

28th May 201324 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

-30 -29 -28 -27 -264

3

2

B2B single channel B2B all wavelengths 78km single channel 78km all wavelengths

-log(

BE

R)

Received Power [dBm]

(b) QPSK

-26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -205

Received Power [dBm]-26 -24 -22 -20 -18

Received Power [dBm]

-32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -275

4

3

2

B2B single channel B2B all wavelengths 78 km single channel 78 km all wavelengths

-log(

BE

R)

Received Power [dBm]

(d) OFDM RoF

QPSK OFDM RoF

•Heterogeneous hybrid access networks

•Mix modulation formats

•Mix bit rates

Page 25: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Hybrid Wireless-Optical Broadband-Access Network (WOBAN)

Advantages of two

technologies

Ring - PON

• High capacity

• Transparency

• Multi-channel

28th May 201325 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

• Multi-channel

• Upgrading

Wireless network

• Flexibility

• Cost-savings

• Centralize control

• Frequency re-use

Page 26: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

WOBAN II: Experimental setup

• PM-Coh for RoF transport

• Passive Antenna Base Stations

• Raman amplification

� High OSNR

� Possible centralize pump location

� Wide spectral gain range

Optical+Wireless

28th May 201326 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

-39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -304

3

2

B2B single λ B2B 2 neigh. B2B 4 neigh.

Optical+Wireless 4 neighbours

Optical single λ Optical 2 neigh. Optical 4 neigh.

-log(

BE

R)

Received Power [dBm]

Page 27: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Wireless generation:Millimeter-wave generation

28th May 201327 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Millimeter-wave generation towards 100 Gbps wireless links

Page 28: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100Mbps

1Gbps

10Gbps

100Gbps

Wire

less l

inks (

stand

ard W

LAN)

Wireless

links

(rese

arch)

Optical serial interface (products)

Bitr

ate

Optical serial interface (research)

Motivation

28th May 201328 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 201210Mbps

100Mbps

Wire

less l

inks (

stand

ard W

LAN)

Wireless

links

(rese

arch)

Year

Bring the capacity of baseband optical links to wireless links

100 Gbps wireless links

SourcesP. Winzer, IEEE Comm. Mag. July 2010G. Fettweis, IEEE VTC Fall 2007A. Stöhr, OFC/NFOC 2011

Page 29: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Photonic technologies for wireless generation

•Coherent beating at the PD

•Electrical signal and RF carrier

generation

• Frequency doubling and quadrupling

techniques

•Difficult to scale at high RF

frequencies

Direct Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection [1,2,3]

28th May 201329 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

frequencies

•High capacity optical baseband

generation

• Incoherent beating at the PD

•Stringent requirement on laser

linewidth

•Scalable to high RF frequencies

Photonic generation and RF heterodyning [4,5]

[1] C. Cox et al., MTT 2006[2] J. Yao, JLT 2009[3] C. Lim et al., JON 2009

[4] U. Gliese et al., MTT 1998[5] X. Pang et al., OE 2012

Page 30: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

State of the art on mm-wave links

Data rate (Gb/s)

70

90

110 [6][1]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[1] X. Pang, Opt. Exp. (2011)[2] A. Kanno, Opt. Exp. (2011)[3] W. Jiang, OFC’12[4] A. Hirata, MTT, (2012)[5] T. Kosugi, SRiF’13[6] S. Koenig, OFC’13 PDP[7] H.-J. Song, EL. (2012) [8] A. Kanno, MWP’12

[9] C.-H. Ho, OFC’12[10] A. Kanno, ECOC’12[11] Z. Dong, OFC’13[12] J. Zhang, PTL’13

28th May 201330 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Frequency band

10

30

50

60 GHz

75-110 GHz

120 GHz

237.5 GHz

300 GHz

[3] [2]

[1]

[4]

[5] [7]

[8]

[9]

[12] J. Zhang, PTL’13

Page 31: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100Gbps wireless: Experimental Setup I

28th May 201331 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

•Optical baseband 16-QAM generation using binary signal generator

•Free running ECL (100 kHz linewidth) as LO for photonic up-conversion

•Double-stage down-conversion:

1. Electrically W-band to 1-26GHz;

2. Digitally from 1-26 GHz to baseband

Page 32: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100Gbps wireless: Experiment Setup II

28th May 201332 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

X branch Y branch

Page 33: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100Gbps wireless: Experiment Setup III

W-bandAntenna

100 GHz

W1-WR10Adaptor

28th May 201333 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100 GHz PDW-band

Antenna

W-bandLNA

W-bandMixer

LO

IF

Page 34: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

100Gbps wireless: Experiment results

2

1 Wireless d = 50cm Wireless d = 150cm Wireless d = 200cm

-lo

g(B

ER

)

50 Gbit/s

50 Gbit/s SP 16-QAM

2

1

Wireless d = 50 cm Wireless d = 75 cm Wireless d = 120 cm

-lo

g(B

ER

)

100 Gbit/s

100 Gbit/s PolMux 16-QAM

28th May 201334 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 105

4

3

2

-lo

g(B

ER

)

Optical power into PD (dBm)

FEC

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 95

4

3

2

-lo

g(B

ER

)Optical power into PD (dBm)

FEC

Page 35: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Multi-band OFDM signal transmission in the W-band I

28th May 201335 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Page 36: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Multi-band OFDM signal transmission in the W-band II

28th May 201336 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Page 37: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Wireless generation and detection:

28th May 201337 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

detection:Transparent all-photonic mm-wave

Page 38: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Motivation

Photonic generation and RF heterodyning

•High capacity optical baseband

generation

• Incoherent beating at the PD

•Stringent requirement on laser

linewidth

•Scalable to high RF frequencies

28th May 201338 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Intensity Modulation Direct Detection (IM-DD)

•Mature technology (90s)

•RF power fading by chromatic

dispersion

• SSB, DSB

•Linearity limited

• Techniques for linearization

• Optical OFDM generation

• Baseband fiber transmission

• Digital coherent detection

Page 39: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Principle of photonic generation and detection

(a) Multicarrier generation

(b) O-OFDM baseband signal

(c) Optical signals for RF optical heterodyning

(d) mm-wave RF signal generated

28th May 201339 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

(e) Optically modulated RF signal

(f) SSB baseband signal containing the transmitted O-OFDM signal

Page 40: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Experimental Setup

0 w OFDM QPSK

•Baseband electrical signal generation

•Optical heterodyning mm-wave generation

•Free running lasers

28th May 201340 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

•Complete transparency in carrier frequency and modulation format

•Digital coherent receiver as for baseband optical communications

1548,4 1548,8 1549,2 1549,6 1550,0-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

Pow

er [d

Bm

]

Wavelength [nm]

w OFDM QPSK w/o OFDM QPSK

82 GHz

10 GHz

Page 41: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Experimental results

3

2

1

Single carrier: 5Gbaud@60GHz10Gbaud@100GHz

OFDM,2 subcarriers: 5Gbaud,sc1@60GHz5Gbaud,sc2@60GHz5Gbaud,sc1@100GHz5Gbaud,sc2@100GHz

-log(

BE

R)

3

2O-OFDM,2SC,10Gbaud@100GHz

O-OFDM,2SC,8Gbaud@100GHz

O-OFDM,3SC,4Gbaud@60 GHz

-log1

0[B

ER

]

O-OFDM,2SC,5Baud@60 GHz

UFEC

-2,0 -1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

Qua

drat

ure

Inphase

Single carrier and 2 Subcarriers Maximum experimental bitrates

40 Gbps at

28th May 201341 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

-53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -465

4

3

Received optical power [dBm]

8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44

4

Bit Rate [Gb/s]

5Gbaud@60GHz40 Gbps at 100 GHz

First experimental demonstration of 40 Gbps photonic

generation and detection of mm-wave signals

Page 42: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Conclusion

28th May 201342 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Page 43: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Conclusion

•Photonic technologies enable high capacity wireless links:

• 100 Gbps wireless transmission

• Generate and detect 40 Gbps at 100 GHz

• High linearity analogue links based on phase-modulation and coherent

detection

• Compatible for DWDM PON

28th May 201343 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

•Future work

• Move to sub-terahertz frequencies (200 GHz- 2000 GHz)

• Integration of photonic and wireless devices

• Incorporate into DWDM-PON

Page 44: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Acknowledgements

OPSCODER project http://www.opscoder.fotonik.dtu.dk/

28th May 201344 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

Page 45: DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

You can find us at

MetroAccessGroup

Metro Access Photonics Engineering

28th May 201345 DWDM Fiber-Wireless Access Systems

www.fotonik.dtu.dk/English.aspx

MetroAccess DTU Fotonik