Unit 4 Citizenship Individuals can demonstrate national identity by fulfilling duties and

responsibilities.

Duties and Responsibilities (C&G 4.3, C&G 4.5)

1. obey the law2. jury duty/ jury service3. Selective Service / register for the draft4. pay taxes

DutiesWhat one must DO, required by law

Responsibilitiesexpected, but no legal penalty

• 1. vote• 2. volunteer• 3. be informed• 4. be respectful, tolerant• 5. accept the results of elections, bills passed, court

decisions• 6. protest legally (boycott, write letters, organize an

interest group and hire a lobbyist, … )

7. civil disobedience

Naturalization is the process by which U.S. citizenship is granted to a foreign citizen or national after he or she fulfills the requirements established by Congress in the Immigration and Nationality Act

Natural Born Citizen is someone “born a citizen”

Bill of Rights / Amendments (C&G 2.3, C&G 2.6, C&G 2.7, C&G 3.8)

Amendments 1-10• Bill of Rights• 1. RAPPS• 2 Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia.• 3 No quartering of soldiers.• 4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.• 5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double

jeopardy.• 6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.• 7 Right of trial by jury in civil cases.• 8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.• 9 Other rights of the people. • 10 Powers reserved to the states.

Amendments 13-15• 13th Abolished slavery.

• 14th Made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country.

• 15th A constitutional amendment that gave African American men the right to vote.

18+21 Amendments18th Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.

21st Repealed prohibition.

Shows how our constitution is a living document and can change with time. Even if it repeals a previous amendment.

Other Voting/Suffrage Amendments19th Granted women the right to vote in 1920

23rd Amendment that gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get votes in the electoral college

24th Prohibits poll tax in federal elections

26th Lowered the voting age to 18 (from 21)

Other Amendment

22nd Two term limit for President

Supremacy Clause

Marbury v. Madison, 1803 – judicial review, the judicial branch may review a law passed by Congress and declare it unconstitutional.

1st Amendment court cases *Tinker v Des Moines, 1969 – students may use clothing as a form of protest (Amend 1)

*Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier, 1988 – a principal may censor the student newspaper

*Bethel School District v Frasier, 1986 – student speech may not disrupt

*Engel v Vitale, 1962 – a teacher may not lead students in a prayer

*Texas v. Johnson, 1989 – an individual may burn the US flag as a protest (Amend 1)

• 4th Amendment Court Cases

*NJ v TLO, 1985 – a student may be searched for “reasonable suspicion”.

*Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 – officers must have a warrant to search.

• 5th Amendment Court Cases*Miranda v Arizona, 1966 – Miranda rights must be read to a suspect.

*In Re Gault, 1967 – juveniles accused of crimes in a delinquency proceeding must be afforded many of the same due process rights as adults

6th Amendment Court Case

*Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 – right to an attorney (Amend 6)

8th Amendment Court Case

*Gregg v. Georgia, 1976 – a death penalty can be used as long as it meets certain criteria

*Furman v. Georgia, 1972 – stopped the use of the death penalty

9th Amendment Court Case

• Roe v Wade – 1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court decision which struck down many state laws restricting abortion.

14 Amendment Court Cases

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – separate is equal, public facilities will be segregated

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 – separate is not equal, public facilities will desegregate

Korematsu v. US, 1944 – citizens may lose their rights during war time

Regents of the Univ of Cali. v Bakke, 1978 – 1st successful challenge of affirmative action, race can not be the only factor

Article 1 of the ConstitutionGibbons v. Ogden, 1824 – the US government can control interstate trade and commerce, steamboats

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. US, 1964 – private businesses must integrate, cannot discriminate on the basis of race

Article 6 of the ConstitutionMcCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 – a state cannot tax the federal government, the Bank of the US was constitutional