Durham University ConditionDurham University Condition Monitoring Test RigMonitoring Test Rig

C t St t f C diti M it i T t Ri R hCurrent Status of Condition Monitoring Test Rig ResearchProf. Peter Tavner, Dr Yang Wenxian , Chris Crabtree11th March 2008

Layout of Drive TrainyDFIG/WRIM Generator Gearbox DC motor

DC TachoDisplacement Transducers DC Tacho

Torque

Transducers (x and y)

Power ConverterAccelerometer(s)

Current and Voltage

GridWind

Dependent Speed

Demand

GridConnection

PC running:

•NI LabVIEW for control & measurementUSB

• Wind Turbine Model (MATLAB)

•Signal Processing softwareInstrumentation& control system

Wind Driving Conditions350

400Example Wind Driving Condition

Wind Driving Conditions

This is the sub title style300

350

200

250

aft S

peed

(rpm

)

150

Low

Spe

ed S

h

50

100

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

Time (s)

Example of Power Output300

400(rp

m)

W ind Driving Condition

Example of Power Output

200

300

ed S

haft

Spee

d (

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

100

Ti ( )

Low

Spe

e

Time (s)

6.0Generated Power Output

2.0

4.0

wer

(kW

)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-2.0

0.0

Po

0 50 100 150 200 250 300Time (s)

Comparison with Real Power Data4.0

6.0p

Comparison with Real Power Data

0.0

2.0

Pow

er (k

W)Power Signal from

Durham Test Rig

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-2.0

Time (s)

Power Signal from a 1 MW Nordex Turbine

Power Data from a

33 kW Aeroman Turbine

secs

Comparison with Real Power Data6.0

p

Comparison with Real Power Data

2 0

4.0r (

kW)

Power Signal from Durham Test Rig

Sampling rate 3 kHz

0 .0

2.0

Pow

er

50 55 60 65 70 75-2.0

Time (s)

Power Signal from a 1 MW Nordex Turbine

Sampling rate 30 Hz

Example of Torque Output300

400

d (rp

m)

W ind Driving Condition

Example of Torque Output

100

200

peed

Sha

ft S

peed

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

100

Time (s)

Low

S

30

40

Nm

)

High Speed Shaft Torque (Filtered)

10

20

Shaf

t Tor

que

(N

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

Time (s)

Torsional PSD of Test Rig, currently10-1

z)

W ind Driving - 320rpm Low Turbulence10-1

z)

W ind Driving - 350rpm Low Turbulence

10-2

D (p

ower

per

Hz

10-2

D (p

ower

per

Hz

100 101 102 10310-3

f (H )

PSD

100 101 102 10310-3

f (H )

PSD

f (Hz) f (Hz)

10-1Wind Driving - 380rpm Low Turbulence

10-1Wind Driving - 350rpm High Turbulence

10-2

pow

er p

er H

z)

10-2

pow

er p

er H

z)

0 1 2 310-3

PSD

(p

0 1 2 310-3

PSD

(p

100 101 102 103

f (Hz)100 101 102 103

f (Hz)

SLiM Test Rigg

speed controlmotorgearbox

generator

control & data acquisition cabinetload banks

-------- Experiments on SLiM Test Rig --------

Condition MonitoringCondition Monitoring--Stator Winding FaultStator Winding Fault

25

coilconnected

coilconnected

coilshorted

coilshorted

coilconnected

20

peed

/ re

v/m

in

14

15

ev

using original torque signalusing denoised torque signal

coilconnected

coilconnected

coilconnected

coilshorted

coilshorted

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 90015

sp

300

350

m

original torque signaldenoised torque signal 10

11

12

13

C /

N*m

*min

/re using denoised torque signal

200

250

torq

ue /N

m

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9009

10

time /s

C

-------- Experiments on SLiM Test Rig --------

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900150

time /s

Condition MonitoringCondition Monitoring--Rotor UnbalanceRotor Unbalance

26

28

30

/ rev

/min

with imbalance faultno imbalance fault

11 no imbalance fault with imbalance fault

0 50 100 150 200

24

26

spee

d /

260280

7

8

9

10

/ N*m

*min

/rev

using original torque signal

160180200220240260

torq

ue /N

m

original torquedenoised torque

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2006

7

time /sC

using original torque signalusing denoised torque signal

-------- Experiments on SLiM Test Rig --------

0 50 100 150 200160

time /s

q

Fault Diagnosis by Power Signal AnalysisFault Diagnosis by Power Signal Analysis

Stator Winding Fault Rotor Imbalance Fault

1without unbalance mass with unbalance mass40

Stator Winding Fault Rotor Imbalance Fault

/Hz

0.6

0.8 characteristic frequency of unbalance fault

y /H

z

25

30

35

freq

uenc

y

0 2

0.4

0.6

freq

uenc

y

15

20

25

characteristic frequency

400500600

wer

/wat

t0

0.2

400500

wer

/wat

t

5

10

normalnormal faulty normalfaulty

0 50 100 150 200300

time /s

pow

0 10 20 30 40 50300

time /s

pow

-------- Experiments on SLiM Test Rig --------

DFIG Test RigDFIG Test RigDFIG Test RigDFIG Test Rig

-------- Experiments on DFIG Test Rig --------

Condition MonitoringCondition Monitoring--Rotor Imbalance Rotor Imbalance FaultFault

2 5x 10

6

1.5

2

2.5

us V

aria

nce

0

0.5

1In

stan

tane

ou

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9000

5000

0

5000

otal

pow

er /W

normal normal normalfaulty faulty

-------- Experiments on DFIG Test Rig --------

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900-5000

time /s

to

Fault DiagnosisFault Diagnosis--Rotor ImbalanceRotor Imbalance---- Using Gearbox with Gear Ratio 11.14:1 ----

Phase Current signal Total Power Signal

-------- Experiments on DFIG Test Rig --------

Fault DiagnosisFault Diagnosis-- Rotor ImbalanceRotor Imbalance---- Using Gearbox with Gear Ratio 5:1 ----

Constant Wind Speed Data Wind-driven Speed Data

-------- Experiments on DFIG Test Rig --------

Thank you• Tavner P J, Edwards C, Brinkman A, Spinato F. Inuence of

wind speed on wind turbine reliability Wind Engineeringwind speed on wind turbine reliability. Wind Engineering, 30(1), 2006.

• Tavner P J, Xiang J, Spinato F. Reliability analysis for wind turbines. Wind Energy, 10(1), 2007.Spinato F Tavner P J van Bussel G J W Reliability of Wind• Spinato F, Tavner P J,van Bussel G J W, Reliability of Wind Turbines and their Subassemblies-In particular Gearboxes, Generators and Converters. Proceedings of IET Renewable Power Generation, under review.

• Wilkinson M R Spinato F Knowles M and Tavner P J• Wilkinson, M R., Spinato, F., Knowles, M. and Tavner, P. J, Towards the Zero Maintenance Wind Turbine,Presented at 41st Universities Power Engineering Conference, Northumbria University, September 2006, 5pp.

• Wilkinson M R Spinato F Tavner P J Condition monitoring• Wilkinson, M R, Spinato, F, Tavner, P J, Condition monitoring of generators & other subassemblies in wind turbine drive trains. IEEE Int Conf SDEMPED, Cracow, Sept 2007

• Yang W X, Tavner P J, Wilkinson M R, Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of a wind turbine synchronous generatorand fault diagnosis of a wind turbine synchronous generator drive train, Proceedings of IET Renewable Power Generation, under review.