due wednesday, september 6 read section 2.1 and take...

Life Science Homework

Due Wednesday, September 6❏ Read section 2.1 and take notes as you read then answer the questions: Define: Stimulus -

______________________________________________________________________

Response -

______________________________________________________________________

Growth -

______________________________________________________________________

Cell -

______________________________________________________________________

Energy -

______________________________________________________________________

Answer:1. List an example of a response. ___________________________________________2. What is the smallest unit of life? __________________________________________3. Why do all living things need energy? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. List the forms of energy on page 31 and include a brief description of each. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________❏ Read section 2.2 and take notes then answer the questions: Define:


Tissue - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Organ - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Organ System - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Homeostasis - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answer: 1. What is a basic unit of matter? __________________________________________2. Are all your molecules the same? ______ List what some do. _______________________________________________________________________________________3. What is a cell? _______________________________________________________4. How many cells make up your body? _____________________________________5. List four types of cells that make up your body.

____________________________________________________________________6. What is a group of specialized cells that perform a particular function called?

___________________________________________________________________7. What do tissues form? _________________________________________________8. List several organs.

____________________________________________________________________9. List several organ systems.

____________________________________________________________________10. At what level does homeostasis occur? ___________________________________11. Explain why we sweat. ________________________________________________

❏ Prepare for your lab: Print the following lab and READ over it before class.


Homeostasis LabThe Effects of Exercise on Homeostasis

Purpose Students will

• identify conditions that need to stay constant to keep the body in equilibrium. • describe how organisms maintain stable internal conditions while living in changing

external environments. Materials thermometer stopwatch

Background Exercise causes many factors of homeostasis to kick in to maintain internal equilibrium. How exercise affects some of these factors can be determined by measuring and observing certain conditions of the human body. Some of these conditions are:

• change in skin color on arms and face • perspiration level • external body temperature • breathing rate • heart rate

Pre lab Notes 1. Working in groups of 3 or 4, select a student that will be able to perform jumping

jacks well and will be able to maintain jumping for 8 minutes. The group member jumping will stop just long enough for the needed measurements and observations to be collected.

2. Record the resting observations and values of the person jumping rope using the following:

• skin color of hands and face (pale, pink, red) • perspiration level (none, mild, medium, high) • external body temperature (place the thermometer under the subjects

arm pit for 1 minute; the thermometer should be directly against the skin)

• breathing rate (count the number of breaths in 1 minute) • heart rate (find the pulse at the wrist and count the number of beats in 1

minute)

Procedure 1. Make observations and measurements of the person do jumping jacks while they are

sitting down and resting. Record your observations on the data table.


2. The student doing jumping jacks should begin jumping when the person with the stopwatch gives the signal and continue jumping for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes quickly make observations and measurements and record them on the data table.

3. The student will continue to exercise at 2 minute intervals until the 8 minute time period has been completed. After each 2 minute interval observations and measurements should be made.

4. When the 8 minutes is up, the student exercising will rest for 1 minute. After 1 minute, observations and measurements will be taken for the final time. Don’t forget to record the data on the data table.

5. Clean the thermometer with alcohol and return it and all other lab materials to the designated area.

6. Make a separate graph for each of the following: • External Body Temperature at Various Intervals of Exercise • Breathing Rate at Various Intervals of Exercise • Heart Rate at Various Intervals of Exercise

7. Answer the questions in the conclusion section to describe and explain the results of the lab.

Data: Observations and Measurements During Various Intervals of Exercise

Time Intervals

Body Color Perspiration Level

Body Temperature

Breathing Rate

Heart Rate

Rest

2 Minutes

4 Minutes

6 Minutes

8 Minutes

Rest After Exercise 1 Minute


Graph Title ____________________________________________

!


Graph Title ___________________________________________

!


Graph Title ________________________________________________

!


Conclusion:

1. List the changes you observed in the body color and perspiration level in response to?

2. Explain how the changes help the body adjust to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis)?

3. Speculate why a change in body temperature occurs?

4. Name which mechanisms your body uses to maintain a constant body temperature?

5. Explain why an increased breathing rate accompanies exercise?

6. Explain why does an increased heart rate accompanies exercise?

7. Write a paragraph about the conclusions you can draw about your body’s ability to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis). Be sure to include the answers to the questions above.


Due September 13

❑Complete your lab report. Make sure it is neat and complete. You should take great care with your lab reports this year.

❑ Take the Section 2.1 - 2.2 Quiz - you will find a link to the quiz on the website:

❑http://lincolnprep.weebly.com/metro---wed-at-830.html

❑ Complete the chapter assessment on pages 41 - 42; the vocabulary and concepts sections. You may use your book to help you complete this. You will want to answer these to help you gain understanding; I will not grade this.

❑Take the chapter 2 test which can be found on the website: http://lincolnprep.weebly.com/metro---wed-at-830.html ; this test is rather easy; do not expect all tests to be so easy.

❏ Read section 3.1, take notes as you read and answer the questions. Define: Taxonomy - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Species - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Scientific name - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Memorize: (a quiz should be expected)Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Complete the chart for important characteristics: Bacteria Protista Fungi Planate Animalia

http://lincolnprep.weebly.com/metro---wed-at-830.html

http://lincolnprep.weebly.com/metro---wed-at-830.html


❑ Prepare for your lab: read and print the following lab.

Example: Example: Example: Example: Example:

Bacteria Protista Fungi Planate Animalia


Lab: Observing epithelial cells

Purpose: ___________________________________________________________

Hypothesis: _________________________________________________________

Materials: microscope, slide, slide cover, eye dropper, toothpick, methylene blue

Procedure:1. Gather your materials. 2. One lab partner: open your mouth and use a toothpick to gently scrape the inside of your cheek.3. Place the material you scraped from your mouth on the center of the slide. Add a drop of methylene blue and place the cover slip on the slide.

4. Place your slide on the stage and view it under the lowest magnification. You may need to move the slide around a bit. When you think you see some cells, switch to the medium magnification and then, if necessary, the high magnification.

5. Draw a picture of one or two of the cells you see.

6. Clean up; wash your hands!

Drawing:

Write your conclusion on a separate sheet of paper.

______ magnification ______ magnification ______ magnification


Due September 20

❏ Complete the lab report. Pay attention to the conclusion. It should be a complete paragraph with scientific words defined. You may use the one we wrote in class.

❑ Read section 3.2, take notes and answer the questions.

Dichotomous key - ______________________________________________________________________

1. How many choices are given in a dichotomous key? __________________________

2. Does a dichotomous key start off with a broad fact or specific one? ______________

3. What types of animals are dichotomous keys usually used to identify? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

❑ Complete the vocabulary section and concepts section for the chapter assessment on pages 57 - 58. You may use your book.

❏ Prepare for your lab: read and print out the following lab. Read page 66 in Illustrated Guide to Home Biology Experiments.

Print and read over the lab.


Lab: Preparing a Smear Mount slide and observing cellsPurpose: ______________________________________________________________Hypothesis: ____________________________________________________________Materials: Microscope, slides and slide covers, toothpick, distilled water, flame source

Procedure:1._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Using the edge of a slide held at a 45 degree angle spread the specimen into a think

layer the same thickness as a coverslip.4. ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5. ____________________________________________________________________

Data:

Conclusion: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Due September 27

❏ Complete the lab report.

❏ Complete the quiz for section 3.2 - it is on the website.

❏ Take the chapter 3 - study first!

❏ Read section 4.1 and take notes. Answer the questions:

Define:Element - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Compound - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Molecule - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chemical reaction - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. What are the ‘building blocks’ for life? _____________________________________2. List the three elements that mostly make up your body. ____________________________________________________________________________________________3. Is the atmosphere alive? ________________________4. What is a substance called that contains two or more different elements that are

chemically joined? ____________________________________________________5. Fill in the chart:

element compound mixture

define

example


6. How many elements are there? ________________________________________7. When 2 Hydrogen molecules are combined with 1 Oxygen molecule what are the

products? _________________________________________________________8. True or False. Life is basically a series of chemical reactions.9. List the three properties of water that help sustain life.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

❏ Prepare for your lab print and bring a copy:

draw

element compound mixture


Lab: _______________________________________________

Purpose: ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Hypothesis: __________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Materials: 6 Clear cups, Measuring cup,thermometer, 3 Alka-Seltzer tablets, stopwatch,

water, ice cubes, graph paper, measuring beakers

Procedure:

A. Hot Water

1 Run water from the hot tap until it is as hot as possible. Fill a clear glass with exactly 8 oz. of hot water.

2 Use the thermometer to take the temperature and record it on your data sheet.3 Remove 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet from its package. Drop it into water. Measure the time

required for tablet to fully dissolve. Be prepared to start and stop on time. The reaction will take less than 15 seconds. Record the time.

B. Room Temperature Water1 Fill a clear glass with exactly 8 oz. of room temperature or lukewarm water.

2 Use the thermometer to take the temperature and record it on your data sheet.3 Drop 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet into the water. Measure the time required for the reaction to be

completed. Record the time.C. Cold Water

1 Fill a clear glass with 4 oz. of water and add enough ice to adjust the level to 8 oz. Stir the ice water for about 15 seconds so the temperature will come to equilibrium.

2 Use the thermometer to take the temperature and record it on your data sheet. (Leave the ice cubes in the water!)

3 Drop 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet into the water. Measure the time required for the reaction to be completed. Record the time.


Data:

Graph your results.

water temperature - C° Time - in seconds

Hot

Room

Cold


Due October 4

❏ Complete lab report

❏ Complete the 4.1 quiz which can be found on the website.

❏ Read and take notes on section 4.2 and answer the questions.

❏ Biorama Project is due November 10 - information is on the website.

Define:Carbohydrates - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lipids - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Proteins - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Nucleic acids - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Life as we know it is ________________________________ which means that most of the compounds contain _____________________________________.

2. Carbon compounds are classified into four groups; list them (know them): ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. From where do you get the compounds that make up your cells? _______________4. Foods contain (3 things): _______________________________________________5. What elements make up carbohydrates?

____________________________________________________________________6. Carbohydrates are classified into groups: ______________ and ________________7. Which is longer of the two above? ________________________________________


8. What elements make up lipids? __________________________________________9. Lipids include: ________, ___________, and _______________.10. What do lipids do for your cells? _________________________________________11.What lipid makes up part of the outer cell membrane of your cells.

____________________________________________________________________12.What molecules make up proteins? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. What is an enzyme? __________________________________________________14. What organ makes digestive enzymes? ___________________________________15. How many amino acids are used to make proteins? _________________________16. From what are nucleotide made? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________❏ Read section 4.3 and take notes. Then answer the questions: Ecosystem - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Habitat - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. What is the biosphere? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Each organism is made up of systems. What two things help define it?

____________________________________________________________________3. True or False An ecosystem includes only the living things. 4. List the physical variable for a land habitat._______________________________________________________________________________________________________5. List two reasons why soil is vital. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Which allows for better drainage of water? Sand or Clay7. How much oxygen is in the air we breathe? ________________________________8. How much of earth’s surface does water cover? ____________________________9. What does pH measure? ______________________________________________


10. What is a good amount of dissolved oxygen for most aquatic life? _____________11.What are the results of too much nitrate and phosphates on aquatic life?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. How many grams of salt are there per liter of seawater? ______________________13. Complete the chart for ocean zones:

❏Complete the Chapter Assessment vocabulary and concepts section. Again this is for your own understanding and ‘testing.’

Depth range Sunlight Average temps

pressure

Sunlight zone

Twilight zone

Dark zone


Water Stacking LabBackground - This is where you will want to address that density is measure as a mass per unit volume so basically the more ‘stuff’ or mass that is squeezed into a space the more dense an object becomes. Density should not be confused with weight. State that adding salt to a sample of water will raise the density since there is more mass in the same volume of water. Define salinity (how much salt is dissolved in water). You will also want to state that some seas have more salt in them than others such as the Dead Sea that has 9 times more than the ocean. You may want to note that it easier to float in the ocean than in a freshwater lake.

Purpose - You are going to plan and execute an experiment which tests the densities of water samples.

Hypothesis - This is where you are going to make an educated guess if you are going to be successful in reaching your purpose and WHY

Materials - 5 prepared saline water samples, clear straws, test tubes or beakers, paper towels

Procedure: 1. Gather supplies

2. Lower the straw about an inch into the first water sample. 3. Cover the straw with your thumb to trap the water in place. 4. Keep your thumb in place and then lower the straw further down into the second water sample 5. Quickly remove and replace your thumb. 6. Keep your thumb in place, and look closely at the straw. o What do you see? 7. If the two colors begin to mix, your first color has a higher salinity than the second color and is therefore denser. 8. If the two colors stay stacked; the first color has a lower salinity, and is therefore less dense. 9. Repeat the example again. This time, reverse the order of colors to compare the results. 10. Keep track of your findings and stack all five colors.

Data:


Take pictures or draw the final product. Make sure you include labels. ( ex: lowest salinity)

Conclusion: Reflect upon what you have learned. Include definitions again to show that you understand. Make sure you address the purpose in your conclusion.


Due October 18

❏Complete Lab Report ❏ Complete the 4.2 - 4.3 quiz ❏ Study and take the chapter 4 test. ❏ Read section 5.1 and take notes and answer the questions. ❏ Biorama project - is due on November 8. Information is on the website.

Define:Producer- _____________________________________________________________

Consumer - ___________________________________________________________ Herbivore -____________________________________________________________ Carnivore - ____________________________________________________________ Omnivore - ____________________________________________________________ Decomposer - __________________________________________________________

Answer:

1. What is the first type of energy to enter an ecosystem? ________________________

2. Through what process does a plant use the sunʼs energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates? _____________________________________________

3. What is another word for producer? _______________________________________

4. What is a common producer in a tropical rainforest? __________________________

5. What is another word for consume? ______________________________________

6. What else could you call decomposers? “Natureʼs ___________________________”

7. List several nutrients that are cycled through the ecosystem. ___________________ _____________________________________________________________________

*** Copy the cycle on page 87 into your notes.

❑Read Section 5.2 and take notes and answer the questions.


Define:Energy pyramid - ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Food Web - ______________________________________________________________________

Answer the questions:

1. What is the most plentiful member of a field ecosystem? _______________________

2. What is there always more of - producers or carnivore? _______________________

3. Some of the energy an herbivore eats becomes of part of its body; what happens to the rest? ___________________________________________________________

4. As you move up the food pyramid, does the amount of energy lost become greater or less (read this carefully, I am asking how much is lost)? ______________________

❏ Go to this website and complete the activity: http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0078757150/383926/BL_02.html

❏ Prepare for the lab - print out and read the following lab.


Name ________________________

Title: Starburst Energy Pyramid

Introduction: When you eat dinner, how much of the food energy in the dinner goes to increase your biomass? 100% efficiency would mean that every pound you ate would add a pound to your weight. As you may know and be thankful for, this does not happen. Ecological efficiency refers to the percentage of energy passed on from one organism to the next in a food chain or pyramid. In this activity you will use a model to discover the amount of energy lost as it moves up the food chain.

Procedures: 1. Your teacher will assign you to play an important part in the food chain. Stand where directed. Make sure you understand how many steps you are allowed to take.

• Producers take no steps (just like trees) • Primary Consumers may take one step • Secondary Consumers may take two steps • Tertiary Consumers may take three steps

2. Make sure that you throw the candy over your shoulder and don’t look at where it is going. 3. Participate in the class discussion that takes place outdoors. 4. You may be asked to model the scenario again. 5. Record the data and answer the analysis questions.

Data:

Analysis:

Trophic Level Round 1 Round 2

Sun

Producer

1st Consumer

2nd Consumer

3rd Consumer


1. What happened to the number of Starbursts (the energy) as they moved through the food chain?

2. To calculate the percentage of energy lost at each level, divide the energy that was available at the start (in this example, 20,126 Kcal) by the amount of energy on the level. In this example, the producer level has 100%, although you know that all the available sun energy has NOT been captured. The next level is calculated by dividing 1,996 by 20,126 and multiplying by 100%. Using a calculator and rounding off, 10% of the energy remains on this level. Fill in the boxes for the 2nd and tertiary consumers:

!

3. Calculate the percentage of energy transferred for our model:

! 3. Why is the box at the base of the food pyramid larger than the top level?

4. A huge portion of the energy in the world is lost. For example sunlight: only about 20% of the sunlight even makes it to plants and algae. Most of the energy from the


sun is lost in space, reflected by clouds and water, or absorbed by the earth itself. How much energy is lost on average for the energy pyramids above?

5. Explain how ninety percent of the energy is lost from a cow before it ever even reaches you.

______________________________________________________________

As organisms die and decompose in the soil, their energy is not gone. For example, a dead tree can be cut and burned to produce heat, a different type of energy. Write three other example of dead organism providing energy long after it is gone.

1)_______________________________________________________________

2)_______________________________________________________________

3)_______________________________________________________________

6. The starburst demonstration was a model of how an energy pyramid can work. Like all models it has weaknesses that make it unrealistic in some respects, name at least one.

___________________________________________________________________


Due October 25 ❏Complete Lab report ❏Complete the quiz for sections 5.1 and 5.2. ❏ Your biorama project is due on November 8 and counts as a test grade ❏Read section 5:3 and answer the questions.

Define: Competition - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Predators - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Prey - ________________________________________________________________ Symbiosis - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Population - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Growth rate - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Pollutant - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

1. What happens when there is too much competition?

__________________________________________________________________

2. Explain the relationship between predator and prey.

__________________________________________________________________

3. Explain the relationship between animals that have a symbiotic relationship.

__________________________________________________________________

4. What does a population need to grow? ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5. How can an invasive species change a population? __________________________

______________________________________________________________________

6. List the three things that often determine how harmful a pollutant can be.


______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

7. What happens when sulfur dioxide and water react? __________________________

______________________________________________________________________

8. Why is mercury harmful to an ecosystem? __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

9. What can toxins cause? ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

10. Why are the top members of the food chain more affected by toxins?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

11. How do scientists test water quality?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

12. What happens when nitrates and fertilizers end up in ponds or lakes?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

13. What should water measure on the pH scale? ______________________________

❏ complete the Chapter 5 assessment - the Vocabulary and Concepts sections only -

this is a good review to check your understanding.

❏ print and read lab


Water Air Quality Testing Labs

Over the course of the next two weeks we will complete experiments testing the water

and air and quality near Church of the Apostles and/or a tree measuring lab. Please

dress accordingly: CLOSED TOE SHOES MUST BE WORN. If you are not prepared for

the lab, your grade will reflect it. You will write two complete lab reports for this lab - one

each week. You will follow the procedure for writing lab reports that we have discussed

in class. Please take notes during class.

Permission Slip - You must bring this completed to class.

To be filled out by parent/guardian Please complete and return by: _________________________________

Student Name: ___________________________________________

___ My child has permission to attend the field trip. ___ My child does not have permission to attend the field trip.

CONSENT

If any emergency medical procedure/treatments are required by the student during the trip, I consent to the trip’s supervisor taking, arranging for, or consenting to the procedures or treatment at his or her discretion. I further release and waive any claim which I or any other person, firm, corporation, or entity may have or claim to have, known or unknown, directly or indirectly, from any losses, damages or injuries arising out of, during, or in connection with the student’s participation in the activity, any trip associated with the activity, or the rendering or emergency medical procedures/treatment, if any. ______________________________________ ______________ Signature(s) of Parent(s) or Guardian(s) Date


Due November 1

❏Complete one Lab Report with the data you have collected.

❏Take the chapter 5 test

❏ work on your biorama which is due on November 8 and counts as a test grade

❏ Read section 6.1 and answer the questions.

Define:

climate -

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

biome -

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

1. What does weather describe?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. What do we call the changes in these conditions?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3. How many biomes does earth have? ________ List them _____________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4. What is relative humidity?

______________________________________________________________________

____________ and to what is it related? _____________________________________

5. Why are temperatures hottest near the equator and colder at the poles?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

6. What are variables that affect climate? _____________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

7. How is a biome characterized?

______________________________________________________________________


8. How have Jackrabbits adapted to the heat of the desert?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

❑Read section 6.2 and answer the questions.

Define:

Desert - _______________________________________________________________

grassland - ____________________________________________________________

1. Where are most deserts found? _________________________________________

2. How much more solar radiation do desert receive? _________________________

3. Why does the Sahara and Australian deserts receive so little rain?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4. Why does the desert in eastern Washington receive little rain?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

5. What is a fog desert and where is one?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

6. What continent does not have grasslands? ________________________________

7. What two seasons occur in savannas?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

8. What event usually follows the drought season? ____________________________

9. What does that keep from growing? ______________________________________

10.How do small mammals survive the fires?

___________________________________________________________________

11. Where do temperate grassland thrive?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________


12. When do they receive most of their rainfall and how much rain?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

❑ We will continue working on our air and water testing lab and/or tree measuring lab

from last week.


November 8

❑Complete one lab report - make sure it is neat and complete. Redo any parts that are

sloppy.

❑Complete the quiz for 6.1 - 6.2

❑Your ‘biorama’ is due November 8. Twenty points will be deducted to any project

turned in on November 15th, and a zero will be given to any project not turned in by

November 16.

❑ Read section 6.3 and answer the questions.

Define:

temperate deciduous forest - _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

deciduous - __________________________________________________________

tropical rainforest - _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

1. What is the range of temperatures in temperate forests? ___________________

rainfall? _________________

2. List common trees of this forest. _______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. Between what degrees latitudes would one find tropical rainforests? ____________

4. What is the average rainfall in a rainforest? _____________ temperature? _______

5. What percentage of the earth do tropical rainforests cover? ___________________

6. How much of the world’s animal and plant species are found there? ___________

7. How do trees keep the temperature cooler? _______________________________

____________________________________________________________________

8. What happens as the rainforest is destroyed? _______________________________

______________________________________________________________________

9. List the ways that temperate rainforests are different from tropical rainforests?

______________________________________________________________________

_________________________AND how are they different from temperate forests?

______________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________

❏Read section 6.4 and answer the questions.

Define:

taiga - ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

tundra - _______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

1. What others names can one call a taiga?

___________________________________________________________________

2. Between what latitudes does the taiga fall in the northern hemisphere?

___________________________________________________________________

3. What is the average temperature for at least 6 months of the year?

______________ how does this impact animal life? __________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. What is the most common tree found in the taiga? ___________________________

5. How does the cone shape help the trees survive? ____________________________

______________________________________________________________________

6. Explain how a thick layer of snow acts as an insulator.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

7. What does the word tundra mean in Finnish? _______________________________

8. What are the two types of tundra?

______________________________________________________________________

9. How long is the growing season in the tundra? ______________________________

10. What is permafrost and from what depth does it occur?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

11. Why don’t trees grow in the tundra?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________


12. What does permafrost store?___________________________________________

13. Explain the process.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

14. Where would one find an alpine tundra?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

15. Describe the weather conditions of an alpine tundra.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

❑complete the chapter 6 assessment; we will go over the answers in class (I will give

you 100% for completion)

❑ There is no lab this week. Instead you will present your projects.


November 15

❑ complete the quiz for 6.3 - 6.4 - not open notes

❑ Read section 7.1 and answer the questions.

Define:Cell theory - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Cell membrane - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Organelle - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Cytoplasm - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ prokaryotic cell - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Eukaryotic cell - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Answer:1. How are all cells similar? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________2. Who discovered cells? _________________ when? __________________________3. Which two scientists concluded all plants and animals are made of cells? ____________________________________________________________________4. About how many different types of specialized cells make up the tissues and organsof your body? _____________5. Copy the chart- figure 7.5 on page 140 below


6. Draw an example of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell with four parts labeled (on page 140).

❑ Read section 7.2 and answer the questions. Define:Mitochondria - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Vacuole - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Endoplasmic reticulum - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Ribosome - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Golgi body - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Lysosome - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Cytoskeleton - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Chloroplast - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Cell wall - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Answer:Science Homework


1. What does the cell membrane do? ____________________________________________________________________2. What is the cell membrane made of? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________3. What is the “control center” of a cell? ______________________________________4. What acts as a storage area for material that are used by other organelles? ____________________________________________________________________5. What are called the “powerhouses” of cells? ________________________________and they can only work if they have _______________________________________.6. What is the storage area of the cell? ________________________; how many doplants have? ________ What is stored there? ______________________7. What is a series of tunnels that transport proteins form one part of a cell to another? ____________________________________________________________________8. What are the little bumps on top of the ER? ______________ What do the make? ______________________9. What do the Golgi bodies do? __________________________________________10. Which cell would have more Golgi bodies - skin cells or cells found in your stomach?________________ why? ____________________________________________________________________11.What can lysosome pick up? ____________________________________________12.What provides structure to the cell? _______________________________________13. What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? (3 things) ____________________________________________________________________

❏Complete the section assessment. Print and read the following lab.❏Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj8dDTHGJBY

In class you will be given materials to create a model of a cell. You must complete the model in class and have the following parts labeled and be able to tell the function of each part: cell membrane, lysosome, nucleus, nuclear membrane, vacuole, Golgi body, mitochondira, ribosomes, ER, cytoplasm,


Due November 29

❑Complete the quiz for 7.1 - 7.2

❑Study and complete the chapter 7 test. (It is hard!)

❑Read section 8.1 and answer the questions.

Define:Diffusion - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Osmosis - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Active transport - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Answer:1. What is a cell membrane compared to in the first paragraph? _________________What characteristics do the two share? ____________________________________________________________________2. List the three functions of the cell membrane. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________3. Lipids form a _________ layer which creates a ________ , ___________ layer.4. What can move around within this layer?______________________________5. What do some of the carbohydrates serve as? ___________________________ sothey can _______________ each other.6. How much of the cytoplasm is water? ___________________________________7. What must there be for diffusion to occur? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________8. When will diffusion not occur? ___________________________________________9. When you put a cell in a solution one of three things might occur - list them? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________10.What happens if animal cells take in too much water? ________________________; what happens to plant cells? ____________ why? ____________________________________________________________________11. Does diffusion or osmosis require energy from the cell? ______________________ 12.How do larger molecules like sugars, starches, and proteins diffuse? ____________________________________________________________________


_________________ does it require energy? _______________________________ 13.Does active transport require energy? _________14.Describe how active transport works. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Explain how a cell can take in larger food particles by engulfing them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Why are cells so small? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

❑ Read section 8.2 and answer the questions. Define:Color - ________________________________________________________________ Pigment - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Chlorophyll - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Cellular Respiration - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ATP - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Answer:1. Where does the plant cell convert energy; where does photosynthesis occur? ___________________________________________________________________2. What do plants use to make glucose? _______________ and __________________and it only occurs in the presence of ______________________________________.3. What are the colors that make up sunlight called? ___________________________4. What are two forms of light we cannot see? _________________________________and ________________________________________________________________5. How do we describe waves; by their ______________________________________6. Red light has the ___________ energy and _____________ has the highest.7. Why do plants look green? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________8. Study the figure 8.8. Explain it. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________


9. Why do leaves change color? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

10. What does your digestive break food down into? __________________________11. Your cells then convert those molecules into a form of _____________ they can use.12. What is cellular respiration?____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ where does it take place? ____________________________________________________________________13. How is the respiration of breathing similar to cellular respiration? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________14. Where is energy stored? ________________________________________________15. Why is your body warm? _______________________________________________

❑ EXTRA CREDIT - complete the potato experiment on page 172 and write a lab report (+5 on your lowest test grade)❏ Print and read the lab carefully.


Lab title: Observing Osmosis Lab

Purpose: To observe osmosis through diffusion.Background: Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane is known as osmosis. Selectively permeable means that some molecules can move through a membrane and others cannot. Movement through membranes is called transport. Diffusion and osmosis are passive forms of transport which means they do not need energy to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Active transport require energy. Gummy bears are a candy made of gelatin, starch, and sugar.

In this lab we will soak gummy bears in different liquids: water, distilled water, and salt water.

Hypothesis: If gummy bears are soaked in different solutions, then the gummy bear soaked in tap water will… (complete for distilled and salt)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Materials: gummy bears, plastic cups, metric ruler, distilled water, tap water, saturated salt solution, paper towels, scale, tape, pencil

Procedure:1. The day before the teacher will have measured and weighed the gummy bears and

recorded it. She will then place the gummy bears in the carefully measured solution to soak for 24 hours.


2. The next day, the gummy bears will be carefully removed from the solution and placed on a paper towel.

3. Students will carefully measure the bears in centimeters and find the volume. 4. Students will carefully weigh the bears and paper towel. Then remove the bear from

the paper towel and subtract the difference to find the true weight of the bear in grams.

Data:

Now calculate the percent change in volume after each step.

% change in volume = Final volume - starting volume x 100 starting volume

Repeat for change in weight using the same formula but substituting weight for volume.

Using graph paper make a bar graph.

Conclusion: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tap Water Distilled Water Salt Water

Starting bear’s volume

Starting bear's weight

Finished bear’s volume

Finished bear's weight

Tap water Distilled water Salt water

% change in volume

% change in weight


__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Extra credit: Complete the experiment at home using tap water and a sugar solution. You will need to write a lab report entirely on your own to earn +5 on a test grade.


Due December 6❑ Complete the science lab❑Complete the 8.1 - 8.2 quiz❑ Complete the section review for chapter 8. Check your answers below. ❑ Take the chapter 8 test - it is hard - study!❑ Read section 9.1 and answer the questions.

Define:Protozoan - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Ciliate - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Amoebas - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Flagellates - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Sporozoans - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Parasite - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Answer:1. A protozoa is a single-celled __________________ meaning that it has some animal- like characteristics.2. What type of environment do protozoans need to live in? ___________________ such as? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________3. What happens to them when they dry out? ________________________________ then what happens if they return to moist conditions? ________________________4. In what kingdom are they most often placed? _____________________________5. Draw and label figure 9.3 and tell what each part does.6. Explain how they move? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________7. Explain how they eat? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________8. Draw and label figure 9.4 and tell what each part does. 9. How are sporozoan different from other protozoans? ____________________________________________________________________


____________________________________________________________________10. Where does a parasite live? ____________________________________________________________________

❑ Print and read the lab.


9A Protozoans What are the characteristics of protozoans? Most organisms in the Kingdom Protozoa consist of a single cell. How do these organisms move and gather food? In this investigation, you will examine amoeba, paramecium and euglena using the light microscope. You will observe their movement and characteristics. You will also develop a hypothesis about how each organisms gets food. Materials • Pond water • Depression slides • Coverslips • Corn syrup • Light microscope • Toothpicks • Dropper • Procedure:1. Place two drops of water into the chamber of the depression slide.2. Slowly place a dropper into the pond water. Be sure to place the dropper at the bottomof the culture since the amoeba will be located at the bottom of the jar.3. Remove the dropper and place a single drop of the water into the chamber of your compression slide.4. Carefully, place a cover slip on top of the chamber and place under the microscope. Usingyour medium power, bring the amoeba into view5. Once you have found the amoeba, switch to your high-power objective.6. Make a sketch of what you observe under the microscope.7. Observe the movement of the amoeba and record your observations.8. Repeat with drawing samples from the mid section and again with a sample from near the top. 9. Your goal is to find 3 Protozoans. You may need to observe other students’ slides.

Thinking about what you observed a.Describe the way each organism (amoeba, paramecium, and euglena) moves. Which ones have structures for movement? Do those structures look like?b. Do any of the organisms have a structure that resembles a mouth? Make a hypothesis about how each organism feeds.

(you will need to use this lab and write a lab report with a title, purpose, hypothesis, materials, procedure, data, and conclusion on your own; hopefully you took notes in class)


Answers to the chapter 8 assessment:

Vocabulary - 1. active transport 2. osmosis 3. diffusion 4. ATP 5. photosynthesis6. chlorophyll 7. cellular respiration 8. pigment.

1. Check your sketch with the one on page 156. 2. Carbohydrates that are attached to some proteins face outward and serve “ID” cards so cells

can recognize each other. 3. Diffusion is the passive process of water and other materials passing through semipermeable

membrane. Osmosis is the passive diffusion of only water passing through a semipermeable membrane (like a cell membrane). In both, molecules travel from a higher concentration to a lower concentration and do not use ATP energy.

4. a. diffusion b. osmosis (could be diffusion) c. diffusion d. Active Transport e. osmosis or diffusion f. diffusion5. The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts reflects green light and appears green. 6. When you breathe in, you are taking in oxygen that is needed for cellular respiration. When you exhale, you are getting rid of carbon dioxide and water, the products of cellular respiration. 7. Yes, plants need to carry out cellular respiration so they can get carbon dioxide in their system to carry out photosynthesis. 8.

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Definition Process where plants use sunlight to produce high energy molecules

process where high energy molecules are converted into a form of energy that cells can use

Reactants Carbon Dioxide, Water, Light glucose and oxygen

Products glucose carbon dioxide and water

Organisms that perform process

plants animals

Where it occurs chlorplasts mitochondria


Due December 13❑Complete the lab (you are writing the full lab report like you have been in filling in all year)❑ Read section 9.2 and answer the questionsDefine:Bacteria - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Photosynthetic bacteria - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Anaerobic bacteria - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Aerobic bacteria - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Answer:1. What kind of cell are bacteria cells? _____________________________ meaning they do not have a ___________________________ and their cell was is ________.2. Where are archaebacteria found? ____________________________________________________________________3. How many times larger are eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells? ______________________________4. How are bacteria described? ____________________________________________Science homework weeks 12 - 16Complete:

6. How do bacteria move? ____________________________________________________________________7. List the ways that bacteria attain their food. ____________________________________________________________________8. What does “anaerobic” mean? ___________________________________________9. Where can you find anaerobic bacteria still today? ___________________________10. How is bacteria helpful? ____________________________________________________________________

cocci baccilli spirilla

shape

example


____________________________________________________________________11. How does bacteria aid in in the nutrient cycle? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________12. List some harmful effects of bacteria. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

❑Read section 9.3 and answer the questionsDefine:Virus - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Host cell - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Immune system - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Antibodies - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Vaccine - ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________Answer:1. A virus is made of ______________________ and __________________________2. Is a virus a cell? _______3. What does a virus do? _________________________________________________4. How much smaller is a virus compared to bacteria? __________________________5. What are the two ways a virus attach to a host cell? ____________________________________________________________________6. Once inside, the viral DNA changes the function of the cell and now the cell becomesa ___________________ to produce new _________________________7. What is the most common ʻtrickʼ that viruses use to get past the cell wall? ___________________________________________________________________8. What protects your body from unfamiliar objects like bacteria and viruses? ___________________________________________________________________9. How does a fever help? ____________________________________________________________________10.Once your body recognizes a virus, what does it make? ____________________________________________________________________


11. Explain how a vaccine works? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________12. Why is there a new flu vaccine each year? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

❏ Complete the chapter 9 assessment. ❏ The lab is a surprise this week. You will be responsible for writing a full lab report for

extra credit on your chapter 9 test. I will give you the information in class.

Our next class is in 2018! Your chapter 9 test and lab report are due your first day back; be wise and get it done before the break!!!

due wednesday, september 6 read section 2.1 and take...

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